Journal articles on the topic 'Streptococcus pyogenes'
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Gorb, N. N., E. Yu Smertina, A. V. Merck, V. M. Sorokoletova, and M. V. Lazareva. "Resistance to antimicrobials of the microflora extracted in acute postpartum endometritis in cows." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 26, 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-67-2-163-169.
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In the article, the authors presented data on the species structure of the microflora isolated from cows with acute postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis. In acute postpartum endometritis, representatives of 8 genera of microorganisms were isolated in washings from the cervical canal. Identification of isolates to the species showed that Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were most often isolated from sick cows. These microorganisms were more common in associations: Escherichia coli + Streptococcus pyogene; Staphylococcus aureus + Streptococcus pyogenes. And Proteus vulgaris + Staphylococcus epidermidis. The disk diffusion method tested Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for resistance to 9 pharmacological groups of antimicrobial agents. In total, 48 isolates of 15 antibacterial drugs were tested in the work. The studied isolates of microorganisms showed multiple drug resistance. The authors revealed resistance to drugs of three or more pharmacological groups. Microorganisms showed high resistance (80% or more of isolates that did not show growth zone retardation) to drugs: neomycin (aminoglycosides) and benzylpenicillin (penicillins) - Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; vancomycin (glycopeptides), polymyxin (polymyxins) - Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli; ampicillin (penicillins), tetracycline (tetracyclines), cefazolin (cephalosporins), ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) - only Staphylococcus aureus; lincomycin (lincosamides), tylosin (macrolides) - only Escherichia coli; streptomycin (aminoglycoside) - only Streptococcus pyogenes.
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SHEFF, BARBARA. "Streptococcus pyogenes." Nursing 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200201000-00068.
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S Hamim, Saad, Khwam R Hussein, and Younus Younus A Kamel. "Molecular profile of scpA and sdaB virulence genes in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from pharyngitis." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 13, no. 24 (December 5, 2018): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2017.13.24.67-71.
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Group A Streptococci (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes is an important pathogen which causes a wide-ranging of diseases for human. This study was carried out in Ear Nose Throat (ENT) department in Al–Habboby Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar province, south of Iraq during the period from October 2015 to April 2016. Two hundred and ten swabs were collected from patients infected with pharyngitis. 152 (72.3 %) showed positive growth with S. pyogenes. GAS isolates were subjected to detect two virulence genes (scpA and sdaB) by conventional PCR technique using specific primer pairs and DNA sequencing analysis. The sequencing of PCR products produced from bacterial DNA showed significant alignments identities (96-99%) to the S. pyogenes which are located in BLAST-NCBI Genbank. The six sequences of Streptococcus pyogenes scpA and sdaB genes determined in this study have been deposited in the GenBank under the accession numbers MF49318-MF497323. Phylogenetic analysis of S. pyogenes based upon the neighbour-joining of partial scpA and sdaB gene sequences showed that these sequences were derived from Streptococcal genes. In addition, S. pyogenes can produce several exotoxins that have the potential to damage the host tissues either directly or through the stimulation of cytokine production.
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Isnaeni, Dewi, Andi Ulfah Magefirah Rasyid, and Rahmawati Rahmawati. "Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Opo-Opo (Desmodium pulchellum Linn Benth) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus viridans dan Streptococcus pyogenes." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v3i2.339.
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Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis is a type of tonsillopharyngitis caused by group A streptococcal bacterial infection with common symptoms such as sore throat, fever more than 38oC, tonsilar exudate, and cervical adenopathy. Possible complications of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis include rheumatic fever that occurs at weeks 1-5 after acute respiratory infections by Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Treatment needs to be done This research aims to determine the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MKC) of Opo-opo leaf extract (Desmodium pulchellum Linn Benth) on the growth of Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes. This research uses a maceration extraction method of the ingredients. microbiological test and test using the liquid dilution method. The extract concentration used was 0.1% w / v, 0.25% w / v, 0.5% w / v, 0.75% w / v, 1% w / v, 1.25% w / v , 1.5% w / v, 1.75% w / v, 2% w / v, 2.25% w / v, 2.5% w / v with negative control of Na, CMC 1% w / v. The test results showed that the MIC of Opo-opo leaf extract on Streptococcus viridans was 0.75%, MKC of opo-opo leaf extract on Streptococcus viridaans was 1% while the MIC of Opo-opo leaf extract on Streptococcus pyogenes was 0.25% and the MKC of leaf extract. Opo-opo in Streptococcus pyogenes is 1%. The results of the phytochemical screening of Opo-opo leaf extract (Desmodium pulchellum Linn Benth) were positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids.
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Komala Hadi, Debbie Rose. "Spektrum Klinis Infeksi Streptococcus Grup A pada Anak." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i11.1009.
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Streptococcus Grup A (SGA) atau Streptococcus pyogenes, merupakan bakteri yang sering menyebabkan infeksi saluran napas dan infeksi kulit pada anak. Organisme ini juga dapat menimbulkan infeksi invasif, yaitu sindrom syok toksik streptococcal dan necrotizing fasciitis; serta berbagai komplikasi dan sekuele, di antaranya demam rematik akut, glomerulonefritis akut pasca-Streptococcus, artritis reaktif pasca-Streptococcus dan pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (PANDAS). Peningkatan kasus infeksi SGA, baik invasif maupun non-invasif, dengan puncaknya di akhir tahun 2022 lalu, khususnya pada populasi anak, telah menjadi perhatian di beberapa negara. Klinisi sangat perlu mengenali berbagai spektrum klinis infeksi SGA, khususnya pada populasi anak.
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Barnham, M. "Streptococcal infection in general practice." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 2 (October 1992): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050135.
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The last 30 years have been changes in emphasis in the study of streptococci and streptococcal diseases. Earlier work concentrated mainly on the sources and methods of cross-infection and descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes in its major manifestations of respiratory, cutaneous and invasive infection and in the complications of rheumatic fever (RF), scarlet fever (SF) and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).
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Masaaki Minami, Shunsuke Akahori, and Michio Ohta. "Amylase from Streptococcus pyogenes inhibits biofilm formation in Streptococcus salivarius." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.14.2.0050.
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Biofilms are extracellular constituents composed of polysaccharides and other substances necessary for bacteria to defend themselves against foreign enemies. Amylase of Streptococcus pyogenes is an enzyme that degrades polysaccharides and other substances and produces nutrients for invasion of epithelial cells. S. salivarius is an oral commensal bacterium that shows antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. We investigated the relationship between S. pyogenes and S. salivarius to determine whether the amylase of S. pyogenes affects the biofilm of S. salivarius. The amyA gene-deficient strains were generated from S. pyogenes 1529 and MDYK strains, and the amylase production ability of the wild-type and gene-deficient strains were compared. Amylase production in mutant strain was significantly reduced compared to the wild-type strain. Next, the biofilm-forming ability of S. pyogenes was compared between wild-type and mutant strains, and significantly increased biofilm-forming ability was observed in the gene-deficient strains. Next, S. salivarius was cultured to create biofilms, and then wild-type and mutant strains of S. pyogenes were added to the culture. Significantly, the biofilms of S. salivarius with the gene-deficient strains were higher than those with the wild strains. As the biofilm-forming ability of S. salivarius co-cultured with S. pyogenes was compared, the biofilm-forming ability of S. salivarius co-cultured with the mutant strain of S. pyogenes was also significantly increased. These results were common findings for the 1529 and MDYK strains of S. pyogenes. Our results suggest that amylase from S. pyogenes inhibits biofilm formation in S. salivarius.
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Winterhoff, Nora, Ralph Goethe, Petra Gruening, Manfred Rohde, Henryk Kalisz, Hilde E. Smith, and Peter Valentin-Weigand. "Identification and Characterization of Two Temperature-Induced Surface-Associated Proteins of Streptococcus suis with High Homologies to Members of the Arginine Deiminase System of Streptococcus pyogenes." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 24 (December 15, 2002): 6768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.24.6768-6776.2002.
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ABSTRACT The present study was performed to identify stress-induced putative virulence proteins of Streptococcus suis. For this, protein expression patterns of streptococci grown at 32, 37, and 42°C were compared by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Temperature shifts from 32 and 37 to 42°C induced expression of two cell wall-associated proteins with apparent molecular masses of approximately 47 and 53 kDa. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the two proteins indicated homologies of the 47-kDa protein with an ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) from Streptococcus pyogenes and of the 53-kDa protein with the streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP) from S. pyogenes, an arginine deiminase (AD) recently proposed as a putative virulence factor. Cloning and sequencing the genes encoding the putative OCT and AD of S. suis, octS and adiS, respectively, revealed that they had 81.2 (octS) and 80.2% (adiS) identity with the respective genes of S. pyogenes. Both genes belong to the AD system, also found in other bacteria. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of the adiS gene in all 42 serotype 2 and 9 S. suis strains tested. In 9 of these 42 strains, selected randomly, we confirmed expression of the AdiS protein, homologous to SAGP, by immunoblot analysis using a specific antiserum against the SAGP of S. pyogenes. In all strains AD activity was detected. Furthermore, by immunoelectron microscopy using the anti-S. pyogenes SAGP antiserum we were able to demonstrate that the AdiS protein is expressed on the streptococcal surface in association with the capsular polysaccharides but is not coexpressed with them.
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Noori, Ahmad Zia, Haji Mohammad Naimi, and Hashmatullah Yousufi. "The rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated risk factors among Kabul University students." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 3, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v3i4.48.
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Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is the main agent of acute pharyngitis and skin infections that may result in the late complications of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Infection with streptococcus group A is a global health problem, which is most common in children and adults. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of S. pyogenes throat carriers and its main risk factors among healthy students of Kabul university. In the present study pharyngeal swabs of 260, [155 (59.6%) were male and 105 (40.4%) were female] asymptomatic university students aged between 19-30 years, were collected and immediately transported to the laboratory for detection of S. pyogenes following standard microbiological procedures. Production of beta hemolytic colonies on blood agar, sensitivity to bacitracin antibiotic, gram stain positivity, catalase negativity test and streptococcal grouping latex kit (ProlexTM) tests were used to identify and differentiate S. pyogenes from other streptococcus spp. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS 21, Chi-square and Logistic regression tests were applied for the categorical data analysis. A P value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Totally 61 (23.5%) beta hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 260 samples. Among 61 beta hemolytic isolates, 44 (16.9%) were identified as S. pyogenes. The colonization rate of S. pyogenes was higher in male 25 (56.8%) than female 19 (43.2%), which was not statistically significant (p=0.678). Age, residence of the students at hostel and shared utensil use were not statistically significant (p=0.088, p= 0.449, p=0.241 respectively), but the number of children in the family was an important risk factor. People with 1-3 children had a 23-fold higher risk (p˂0.05), and people with 4-6 children had a 27-fold higher risk of carrying S. pyogenes, than those who did not had any children (p˂0.05). In the present study the asymptomatic throat carriage rate of S. pyogenes among Kabul University students, was high. Among all risk factors the number of children in the family was significantly associated with S. pyogenes throat carriage.
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Courtney, Harry S., David L. Hasty, and James B. Dale. "Serum Opacity Factor (SOF) of Streptococcus pyogenes Evokes Antibodies That Opsonize Homologous and Heterologous SOF-Positive Serotypes of Group A Streptococci." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 9 (September 2003): 5097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.9.5097-5103.2003.
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ABSTRACT Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a protein expressed by Streptococcus pyogenes that opacifies mammalian serum. SOF is also a virulence factor of S. pyogenes, but it has not been previously shown to elicit a protective immune response. Herein, we report that SOF evokes bactericidal antibodies against S. pyogenes in humans, rabbits, and mice. Rabbit antiserum against purified recombinant SOF2 opsonized SOF-positive M type 2, 4, and 28 S. pyogenes in human blood but had no effect on SOF-negative M type 5 S. pyogenes. Furthermore, affinity-purified human antibodies against SOF2 also opsonized SOF-positive streptococci. A combination of antisera against M2 and SOF2 proteins was dramatically more effective in killing streptococci than either antiserum alone, indicating that antibodies against SOF2 enhance the opsonic efficiency of M protein antibodies. Mice tolerated an intravenous injection of 100 μg of SOF without overt signs of toxicity, and immunization with SOF protected mice against challenge infections with M type 2 S. pyogenes. These data indicate that SOF evokes opsonic antibodies that may protect against infections by SOF-positive serotypes of group A streptococci and suggest that different serotypes of SOF have common epitopes that may be useful vaccine candidates to protect against group A streptococcal infections.
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SITKIEWICZ, IZABELA, and WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ. "Pyogenic Streptococci – Danger of Re-Emerging Pathogens." Polish Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 4 (2010): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2010-034.
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Beta-hemolytic, pyogenic streptococci are classified according to type of major surface antigen into A (Streptococcus pyogenes), B (Streptococcus agalactiae), C (multiple species including Streptococcus dysagalactiae) and G (multiple species including Streptococcus canis) Lancefield groups. Group A Streptococcus causes each year hundreds of thousands deaths globally as a result of infections and post-infectional sequelae. An increasing number of severe, invasive infections is caused by selected, specialized pathogenic clones. Within the last 50 years, an increasing number of human infections caused by groups B, C and G Streptococcus (GBS, GCS, GGS) has been observed worldwide. GBS was first identified as animal pathogen but the spectrum of diseases caused by GBS quickly shifted to human infections. Groups C and G Streptococcus are still regarded mostly as animal pathogens, however, an increased number of severe infections caused by these groups is observed. The increasing number of human infections caused worldwide by GCS/GGS can be a sign of similar development from animal to human pathogen as observed in case of GBS and this group will gain much more clinical interest in the future.The situation in Poland regarding invasive infections caused by pyogenic streptococci is underestimated.
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ZERVAS, SOPHIA J., LAWRENCE S. ZEMEL, MARK J. ROMNESS, EDWARD L. KAPLAN, and JUAN C. SALAZAR. "Streptococcus pyogenes pyomyositis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 21, no. 2 (February 2002): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200202000-00017.
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Mathur, Purva, N. K. Arora, Arti Kapil, and Bimal Das. "Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 71, no. 5 (May 2004): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02725632.
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Norimatsu, Yuta, and Yuki Ohno. "Streptococcus pyogenes balanoposthitis." IDCases 21 (2020): e00832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00832.
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Jalava, Jari, Janne Kataja, Helena Seppälä, and Pentti Huovinen. "In Vitro Activities of the Novel Ketolide Telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Erythromycin-Resistant StreptococcusSpecies." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.3.789-793.2001.
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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 184 erythromycin-resistant streptococci to a novel ketolide, telithromycin (HMR 3647), were tested. These clinical isolates included 111 Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 group C streptococcus, 18 group G streptococcus, and 37 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. The MICs for all but eight S. pyogenes strains were ≤0.5 μg/ml, indicating that telithromycin is active in vitro against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus strains. All strains for which MICs were ≥1 μg/ml had an erm(B) resistance gene and six strains for which MICs were ≥4 μg/ml had a constitutiveerm(B) gene (MIC range, 4 to 64 μg/ml). Interestingly, for S. pneumoniae strains with a constitutiveerm(B) gene, MICs were ≤0.25 μg/ml (MIC range, ≤0.008 to 0.25 μg/ml). Our in vitro data show that for S. pyogenes strains which constitutively express theerm(B) methylase gene, MICs are so high that the strains might be clinically resistant to telithromycin.
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Gilmer, Daniel B., Jonathan E. Schmitz, Chad W. Euler, and Vincent A. Fischetti. "Novel Bacteriophage Lysin with Broad Lytic Activity Protects against Mixed Infection by Streptococcus pyogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 6 (April 9, 2013): 2743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02526-12.
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ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andStreptococcus pyogenes(group A streptococcus [GrAS]) cause serious and sometimes fatal human diseases. They are among the many Gram-positive pathogens for which resistance to leading antibiotics has emerged. As a result, alternative therapies need to be developed to combat these pathogens. We have identified a novel bacteriophage lysin (PlySs2), derived from aStreptococcus suisphage, with broad lytic activity against MRSA, vancomycin-intermediateS. aureus(VISA),Streptococcus suis,Listeria,Staphylococcus simulans,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Streptococcus equi,Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus [GBS]),S. pyogenes,Streptococcus sanguinis, group G streptococci (GGS), group E streptococci (GES), andStreptococcus pneumoniae. PlySs2 has an N-terminal cysteine-histidine aminopeptidase (CHAP) catalytic domain and a C-terminal SH3b binding domain. It is stable at 50°C for 30 min, 37°C for >24 h, 4°C for 15 days, and −80°C for >7 months; it maintained full activity after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. PlySs2 at 128 μg/mlin vitroreduced MRSA andS. pyogenesgrowth by 5 logs and 3 logs within 1 h, respectively, and exhibited a MIC of 16 μg/ml for MRSA. A single, 2-mg dose of PlySs2 protected 92% (22/24) of the mice in a bacteremia model of mixed MRSA andS. pyogenesinfection. Serially increasing exposure of MRSA andS. pyogenesto PlySs2 or mupirocin resulted in no observed resistance to PlySs2 and resistance to mupirocin. To date, no other lysin has shown such notable broad lytic activity, stability, and efficacy against multiple, leading, human bacterial pathogens; as such, PlySs2 has all the characteristics to be an effective therapeutic.
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Talanin, NY, WB Shelley, R. Raeder, ED Shelley, and MD Boyle. "Detection of streptococcal class I M protein in psoriasis by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 77, no. 3 (May 1, 1997): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555577175180.
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Epidemiological evidence implicates Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) infection as a common triggering stimulus for psoriasis. Unequivocal demonstration of streptococcal antigens in psoriatic skin has been difficult due to cross-reactive antigens in both normal human tissue and group A streptococci, which complicate immunohistological analysis. In this study cryostat sections of involved psoriatic skin were stained with monoclonal antibody 111-15504 to group A streptococci. The epitope recognized by this antibody was found to be specific for group A streptococci and is associated with class I M protein. Streptococcal antigens were found in the dermal papillae and epidermis of psoriatic skin lesions of 20 out 38 patients. These findings indicate that specific S. pyogenes antigen, associated with class I M protein, is often present in psoriatic lesions. Such an antigen, originating from focal infection elsewhere could be responsible for T-lymphocyte inflammatory responses triggering the development of psoriatic lesions.
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Sutcliffe, J., A. Tait-Kamradt, and L. Wondrack. "Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 8 (August 1996): 1817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.8.1817.
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Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Finland, Australia, and the United Kingdom and, more recently, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes strains from the United States were shown to have an unusual resistance pattern to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics. This pattern, referred to as M resistance, consists of susceptibility to clindamycin and streptogramin B antibiotics but resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides. An evaluation of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes among our streptococcal strains collected from 1993 to 1995 suggested that this unusual resistance pattern is not rare. Eighty-five percent (n = 66) of the S. pneumoniae and 75% (n = 28) of the S. pyogenes strains in our collection had an M phenotype. The mechanism of M resistance was not mediated by target modification, as isolated ribosomes from a pneumococcal strain bearing the M phenotype were fully sensitive to erythromycin. Further, the presence of an erm methylase was excluded with primers specific for an erm consensus sequence. However, results of studies that determined the uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled erythromycin into cells were consistent with the presence of a macrolide efflux determinant. The putative efflux determinant in streptococci seems to be distinct from the multicomponent macrolide efflux system in coagulase-negative staphylococci. The recognition of the prevalence of the M phenotype in streptococci has implications for sensitivity testing and may have an impact on the choice of antibiotic therapy in clinical practice.
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Betriu, C., E. Culebras, I. Rodríguez-Avial, M. Gómez, B. A. Sánchez, and J. J. Picazo. "In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline against Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae: Mechanisms of Macrolide and Tetracycline Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 1 (January 2004): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.1.323-325.2004.
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ABSTRACT The activity of tigecycline was tested against erythromycin-resistant streptococci (107 Streptococcus pyogenes and 98 Streptococcus agalactiae strains). The presence of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes was determined by PCR. Among S. pyogenes strains the most prevalent gene was mef(A) (91.6%). The erm(B) gene was the most prevalent (65.3%) among S. agalactiae strains. Tigecycline proved to be very active against all the isolates tested (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited, 0.06 μg/ml), including those resistant to tetracycline.
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DELVECCHIO, A., B. J. CURRIE, J. D. McARTHUR, M. J. WALKER, and K. S. SRIPRAKASH. "Streptococcus pyogenes prtFII, but not sfbI, sfbII or fbp54, is represented more frequently among invasive-disease isolates of tropical Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 128, no. 3 (June 2002): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802006787.
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Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) strains may express several distinct fibronectin-binding proteins (FBPs) which are considered as major streptococcal adhesins. Of the FBPs, SfbI was shown in vitro to promote internalization of the bacterium into host cells and has been implicated in persistence. In the tropical Northern Territory, where group A streptococcal infection is common, multiple genotypes of the organism were found among isolates from invasive disease cases and no dominant strains were observed. To determine whether any FBPs is associated with invasive disease propensity of S. pyogenes, we have screened streptococcal isolates from bacteraemic and necrotizing fasciitis patients and isolates from uncomplicated infections for genetic endowment of 4 FBPs. No difference was observed in the distribution of sfbII, fbp54 and sfbI between the blood isolates and isolates from uncomplicated infection. We conclude that the presence of sfbI does not appear to promote invasive diseases, despite its association with persistence. We also show a higher proportion of group A streptococcus strains isolated from invasive disease cases possess prtFII when compared to strains isolated from non-invasive disease cases. We suggest that S. pyogenes may recruit different FBPs for different purposes.
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BUDIANTO, NUGROHO EKO WIRAWAN. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Serbuk Batang Siwak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Pyogenes." Hang Tuah Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htmj.v18i1.468.
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<p>Abstract</p><p><strong>Background</strong> : Siwak (Salvadora Persica) is a plant that is widely used in the Middle East which was used to clean teeth and mouth. Currently there is also toothpaste that contains siwak as its active ingredient. Previous research, Siwak has anti-bacterial power against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus faecalis. This study aims to prove whether the extract of siwak stem powder can be used to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, one of which can cause pharyngitis.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Post Test Control Only Group Design method. 24 samples divided into four replications and six treatments. The research used siwak stem extract at a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: showed that the inhibition zone of siwak stem extract on the growth of Streptococus pyogenes obtained an average inhibition zone of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations, namely 0 mm, 8.47 mm, 9.77 mm and 10.37 mm. The statistical test results showed that the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone in the K1 group was significantly different against K3, K4, K5, K6, as well as between the K2 groups against K3, K4, K5, K6. There is no significant difference between K1 and K2 and K3 with K4 and K4 with K5. At a concentration of 50% the ethanol extract of the siwak stem powder was able to provide an inhibitory power on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and an increase in the concentration of 75% and 100%, the more its inhibition power was increased. At a concentration of 100% it was statistically significant different from the inhibition of amoxicillin</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong> : Concentration of 50% ethanol extract of siwak stem powder provides minimal inhibitory power on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. The higher the extract concentration, the wider the inhibition zone formed.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Sebuk siwak stem, Streptococus pyogenes</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>Latar belakang : </strong>Siwak merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak di daerah timur tengah yang dulu dipakai untuk membersihkan gigi dan mulut. Saat ini juga tersedia pasta gigi yang mengandung siwak sebagai bahan aktifnya. Penelitian sebelumnya siwak memiliki daya anti bakteri terhadap streptococcus mutans dan streptococcus faecalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak serbuk batang siwak apakah dapat dipakai untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri streptococcus pyogenes yang salah satunya bisa menyebabkan faringitis.</p><p><strong>Metode :</strong> Post Test Control Only Group Design. 24 sampel dibagi menjadi empat kali pengulangan dan enam perlakuan. Penelitian menggunakan ekstrak batang siwak pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%,75% dan 100%.</p><p><strong>Hasil Penelitian :</strong> adanya zona hambat ekstrak serbuk batang siwak terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococus pyogenes diperoleh rata-rata zona hambat dari masing-masing konsentrasi 25%,50%, 75%, dan 100% adalah 0 mm, 8,47 mm, 9,77 mm dan 10,37 mm. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan diameter zona hambat bakteri pada kelompok K1 berbeda signifikan terhadap K3, K4, K5, K6, serta antara kelompok K2 terhadap K3, K4, K5, K6. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara K1 dengan K2 dan K3 dengan K4 dan K4 dengan K5. Pada konsentrasi 50% ekstrak etanol serbuk batang siwak sudah dapat memberikan daya hambat pada pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes dan peningkatan konsentrasi 75% dan 100% semakin meningkat daya hambatnya. Pada konsentrasi 100% secara statistik berbeda signifikan dengan daya hambat amoxicillin.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan :</strong> Konsentrasi 50% ekstrak etanol serbuk batang siwak memberikan daya hambat minimal pada pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak maka zona hambat yang terbentuk akan semakin luas.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong> Sebuk batang siwak, Streptococus pyogenes</p>
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Burova, L. A., A. N. Suvorov, and A. A. Totolian. "Streptococcus pyogenes: phenomenon of nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulins and its role in pathology." Medical Immunology (Russia) 24, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-spp-2450.
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M and M-like proteins represent the main pathogenicity factors of Streptococcus pyogenes, a widely spread and potentially lethal bacterial pathogen. These proteins provide resistance of the microbe to innate and adaptive immune response, due to attraction of specific human proteins to the streptococcal surface. Nonimmune binding of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) via their Fc domains to M and M-like proteins was described over 40 years ago, but its role for the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes is far from definite resolution. The discovery of this phenomenon should be considered among quite significant achievements of modern microbiology, since it had a huge impact upon development of innovative approaches, technologies and tools for microbiological, immunological and molecular diagnostics. It also promoted fundamental studies in pathogenesis of distinct infectious states and their complications caused by S. pyogenes. The non-immune binding of host immunoglobulins was previously suggested to be important mainly in immune conditions on the surface of mucous membranes and their secretions, but not in blood plasma, whereas other studies have pointed to significance of this phenomenon in protecting microbes from phagocytosis in non-immune blood of the host. It was also shown that the effect of Fc-binding causes increased pathogenicity of streptococci both in primary focus of infection, and during chronical course of the process, thus contributing to development of autoimmune diseases caused by S. pyogenes infection and leading to tissue damage in experimental animals. The experimental autoimmune process can be prevented by administering purified Fc fragments of immunoglobulins to the animals, blocking this process at the early stages of its development. A significant place in pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) belongs to streptococcal diseases. IgAN has been described as a mesangial proliferative process, due to initial IgA-Fcα deposition in renal mesangium cells. The data from literature describe successful modeling of individual IgAN traits, and expand our understanding of pathogenic properties and functions of Fcα binding receptor M proteins of S. pyogenes. The data reviewed in the article also presume the relevance of recently proposed ideas about an important role of non-immune Ig binding in streptococcal diseases, even in cases that differ in their development mechanism. These studies, including possible search for tools and techniques of preventive and potentially therapeutic applications, require additional efforts to study the binding of Fc fragments of IgG and IgA to M and M-like proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes.
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Burova, L. A., A. N. Suvorov, and A. A. Totolian. "Streptococcus pyogenes: phenomenon of nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulins and its role in pathology." Medical Immunology (Russia) 24, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-spp-2450.
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M and M-like proteins represent the main pathogenicity factors of Streptococcus pyogenes, a widely spread and potentially lethal bacterial pathogen. These proteins provide resistance of the microbe to innate and adaptive immune response, due to attraction of specific human proteins to the streptococcal surface. Nonimmune binding of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) via their Fc domains to M and M-like proteins was described over 40 years ago, but its role for the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes is far from definite resolution. The discovery of this phenomenon should be considered among quite significant achievements of modern microbiology, since it had a huge impact upon development of innovative approaches, technologies and tools for microbiological, immunological and molecular diagnostics. It also promoted fundamental studies in pathogenesis of distinct infectious states and their complications caused by S. pyogenes. The non-immune binding of host immunoglobulins was previously suggested to be important mainly in immune conditions on the surface of mucous membranes and their secretions, but not in blood plasma, whereas other studies have pointed to significance of this phenomenon in protecting microbes from phagocytosis in non-immune blood of the host. It was also shown that the effect of Fc-binding causes increased pathogenicity of streptococci both in primary focus of infection, and during chronical course of the process, thus contributing to development of autoimmune diseases caused by S. pyogenes infection and leading to tissue damage in experimental animals. The experimental autoimmune process can be prevented by administering purified Fc fragments of immunoglobulins to the animals, blocking this process at the early stages of its development. A significant place in pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) belongs to streptococcal diseases. IgAN has been described as a mesangial proliferative process, due to initial IgA-Fcα deposition in renal mesangium cells. The data from literature describe successful modeling of individual IgAN traits, and expand our understanding of pathogenic properties and functions of Fcα binding receptor M proteins of S. pyogenes. The data reviewed in the article also presume the relevance of recently proposed ideas about an important role of non-immune Ig binding in streptococcal diseases, even in cases that differ in their development mechanism. These studies, including possible search for tools and techniques of preventive and potentially therapeutic applications, require additional efforts to study the binding of Fc fragments of IgG and IgA to M and M-like proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes.
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Upton, M., J. R. Tagg, P. Wescombe, and H. F. Jenkinson. "Intra- and Interspecies Signaling betweenStreptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus pyogenes Mediated by SalA and SalA1 Lantibiotic Peptides." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 3931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.13.3931-3938.2001.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus salivarius 20P3 produces a 22-amino-acid residue lantibiotic, designated salivaricin A (SalA), that inhibits the growth of a range of streptococci, including all strains ofStreptococcus pyogenes. Lantibiotic production is associated with the sal genetic locus comprisingsalA, the lantibiotic structural gene; salBCTXgenes encoding peptide modification and export machinery proteins; andsalYKR genes encoding a putative immunity protein and two-component sensor-regulator system. Insertional inactivation ofsalB in S. salivarius 20P3 resulted in abrogation of SalA peptide production, of immunity to SalA, and ofsalA transcription. Addition of exogenous SalA peptide tosalB mutant cultures induced dose-dependent expression ofsalA mRNA (0.2 kb), demonstrating that SalA production was normally autoregulated. Inactivation of salR encoding the response regulator of the SalKR two-component system led to reduced production of, and immunity to, SalA. The sal genetic locus was also present in S. pyogenes SF370 (M type 1), but because of a deletion across the salBCT genes, the corresponding lantibiotic peptide, designated SalA1, was not produced. However, in S. pyogenes T11 (M type 4) the sallocus gene complement was apparently complete, and active SalA1 peptide was synthesized. Exogenously added SalA1 peptide from S. pyogenes T11 induced salA1 transcription in S. pyogenes SF370 and in an isogenic S. pyogenes T11salB mutant and salA transcription in S. salivarius 20P3 salB. Thus, SalA and SalA1 are examples of streptococcal lantibiotics whose production is autoregulated. These peptides act as intra- and interspecies signaling molecules, modulating lantibiotic production and possibly influencing streptococcal population ecology in the oral cavity.
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Stinson, Murray W., Robert McLaughlin, Suk Ho Choi, Zaira E. Juarez, and John Barnard. "Streptococcal Histone-Like Protein: Primary Structure ofhlpA and Protein Binding to Lipoteichoic Acid and Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.1.259-265.1998.
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ABSTRACT In addition to its role in the nucleoid, the histone-like protein (HlpA) of Streptococcus pyogenes is believed to act as a fortuitous virulence factor in delayed sequelae by binding to heparan sulfate-proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of target organs and acting as a nidus for in situ immune complex formation. To further characterize this protein, the hlpA genes were cloned from S. pyogenes, S. gordonii, S. mutans, and S. sobrinus, using PCR amplification, and sequenced. The encoded HlpA protein of S. pyogenes has 91 amino acids, a predicted molecular mass of 9,647 Da, an isoelectric point of 9.81, and 90% to 95% sequence identity with HlpA of several oral streptococci. The consensus sequence of streptococcal HlpA has 69% identity with the consensus sequence of the histone-like HB protein of Bacillusspecies. Oral viridans group streptococci, growing in chemically defined medium at pH 6.8, released HlpA into the milieu during stationary phase as a result of limited cell lysis. HlpA was not released by these bacteria when grown at pH 6.0 or below. S. pyogenes did not release HlpA during growth in vitro; however, analyses of sera from 155 pharyngitis patients revealed a strong correlation (P < 0.0017) between the production of antibodies to HlpA and antibodies to streptolysin O, indicating that the histone-like protein is released by group A streptococci growing in vivo. Extracellular HlpA formed soluble complexes with lipoteichoic acid in vitro and bound readily to heparan sulfate on HEp-2 cell surfaces. These results support a potential role for HlpA in the pathogenesis of streptococcus-induced tissue inflammation.
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Vogel, Verena, and Barbara Spellerberg. "Bacteriocin Production by Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070867.
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Beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a variety of infectious diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. A key factor for successful infection is host colonization, which can be difficult in a multispecies environment. Secreting bacteriocins can be beneficial during this process. Bacteriocins are small, ribosomally produced, antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of other, typically closely related, bacteria. In this systematic review, bacteriocin production and regulation of beta-hemolytic streptococci was surveyed. While Streptococcus pyogenes produces eight different bacteriocins (Streptococcin A-FF22/A-M49, Streptin, Salivaricin A, SpbMN, Blp1, Blp2, Streptococcin A-M57), only one bacteriocin of Streptococcus agalactiae (Agalacticin = Nisin P) and one of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (Dysgalacticin) has been described. Expression of class I bacteriocins is regulated by a two-component system, typically with autoinduction by the bacteriocin itself. In contrast, a separate quorum sensing system regulates expression of class II bacteriocins. Both identified class III bacteriocins are plasmid-encoded and regulation has not been elucidated.
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Azmi, Dini Aulia, Nurlailah Nurlailah, and Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti. "Ethanol Extract Of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Leaves Effectively Inhibit Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Invitro Test." Tropical Health and Medical Research 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35916/thmr.v0i0.23.
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Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the causes of infectious diseases. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has many benefits for humans, including overcoming fever, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the inhibition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves ethanol extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The independent variable was the concentration of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves and the dependent variable was the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-bacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%. 100% The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pyogenes: 40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 40%. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results for Streptococcus pyogenes: 60% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 60%. So it can be concluded that there is inhibition of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban extract has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.
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Al-Bermani, Oruba K., Hawraa Al-Kaim, and Ali-Malik Saad. "Pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes and immune response." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 12, no. 3 (July 4, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v12.i3.11796.
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Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive beta-hemolytic bacteria, also known as group A streptococci, that causes a range of infections. The most common presentation is acute pharyngitis. GAS can be subdivided into >100 serotypes by the M-protein antigen that is located on the cell surface and by fimbriae (hairlike fuzz) that project from the outer edge of the cell. Classically, typing of the surface M protein relied upon available polyclonal antisera. GAS produce and release into the surrounding medium a large number of biologically active extracellular products. Some of these are toxic for human and other mammalian cells. Streptolysin S (SLS) is a small oxygen-stabile toxin responsible for β-hemolysis of GAS on blood agar, while streptolysin O (SLO) is an oxygen-labile, cholesterol-dependent toxin .Both SLS and SLO injure cell membranes, not only lysing red blood cells, but also damaging other eukaryotic cells and membranous subcellular organelles.15 Streptolysin O is antigenic; streptolysin S is not. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) are secreted factors with the capacity to act as superantigens and trigger T-cell proliferation and cytokine release.
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Kombarova, S. Yu, A. M. Bichucher, Y. L. Soldatsky, R. Yu Yunusova, T. A. Skirda, I. G. Martynenko, L. I. Golovina, S. R. Edgem, T. V. Severin, and V. G. Melnikov. "Detection of meningococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and group A streptococcus DNA in pediatric adenoid bioptats." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-dom-1163.
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Meningococcal, pneumococcal, streptococcal A and Haemophilus influenzae infections are manifested in different clinical forms, ranging from bacterial carriage to generalized life-threatening conditions. However, a connection between bacterial carriage and disease development has not been fully explored. A PCR assay was performed with adenoid biopsy samples collected from 112 children after planned adenotomy to detect Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, H. influenzae carriage. A DNA specific to at least one of the four studied microbial species was found in 104 samples (92.86%) so that: meningococcal DNA was detected in one sample (0.9%), pneumococcal — in 98 (87.5%), H. influenzae — in 19 (16.96%), and streptococcal A — in 42 (37.5%) samples. However, none of these species was found in 8 children (7.14%). A sole S. pneumoniae was detected in 54 samples (48.2%), whereas S. pyogenes — in 5 samples (4.5%). Moreover, two bacterial species were simultaneously as follows: N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae — in 1 sample (0.9%), S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae — in 7 samples (6.3%); H. influenzae and S. pyogenes — in 1 sample (0.9%); S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes — in 25 samples (22.3%). A triple combination consisting of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and S. pyogenes bacteria were detected together in 11 patients (9.8%). Meningococcal serogrouping revealed no connection with any of the 6 most common global serogroups responsible for epidemic incidence rise (A, B, C, W-135, X, Y). A clear tendency for prevalence of S. pyogenes DNA in adenoid pediatric biopsies in children diagnosed with “Adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy” vs. “Adenoids hypertrophy” was observed. It is noteworthy, a high relative prevalence of pneumococcal carriage (87.5%), found by us was of special importance. Pediatric carriers serving as a reservoir for virulent pneumococcal species pose a threat both for themselves and surrounding people. Thus, PCR-based data of adenoid biopsies may be a promising approach for future studies, as a potential to identify live viable but nonculturable bacteria in clinical specimens will contribute to a more accurate assessment of carriage rate of meningococci, pneumococci, H. influenzae and group A streptococci.
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MARHAMAH, MARHAMAH, and Indah Wahyuni Putri. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Batang Pisang Kepok (Musa x paradisiaca Linn.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes." Jurnal Analis Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jak.v7i1.932.
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<p>Batang pisang memiliki kandungan antibakteri yaitu tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan Marhamah (2014) tentang resistensi bakteri Gram positif salah satunya yaitu <em>Streptococcus. sp</em> didapatkan hasil 100% <em>Streptococcus sp</em> resisten terhadap antibiotik gentamisin, amoksilin, dan cefadroxile. <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> merupakan bakteri Gram positif penyebab utama faringitis, kasus faringitis di dunia sebesar 616 juta/ tahun, di Indonesia terjadi pada anak-anak sebesar 18%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak batang pisang kepok (<em>Musa x paradisiaca L</em>.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus pyogenes.</em> Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Variabel bebas yaitu ekstrak batang pisang kepok dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% dan variabel terikat yaitu pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>. Metode dalam pemeriksaan adalah difusi Kirby-bauer<em>. </em>Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Bakteriologi Jurusan Analis Kesehatan Poltekkkes Tanjungkarang pada bulan Maret-Mei 2017. Analisa data adalah <em>One-way Anova</em> dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT. Hasil analisa data p=0.000 (p< 0.05) artinya, ekstrak batang pisang kepok dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri<em> Streptococcus pyogene,</em> pada konsentrasi 50%-100% dengan diameter zona sebesar 6,71-9,45 mm.</p>
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Lazarevic, Gordana, Suzana Laban, Milica Jovanovic, and Biljana Potkonjak. "Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, suppl. 1 (2004): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh04s1042l.
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Streptococcus pyogenes is the most prevalent cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children. The drug of choice for infections caused by this microorganism is penicillin. The problem of treating such infections arises when erythromycin-resistant strains occur. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to erythromycin. The organism was recovered from the pharynx of children hospitalized or treated on outpatient basis at the University Children?s Hospital in Belgrade. Streptococcus pyogenes was identified on blood agar, using bacitracin disc, and confirmed by latex agglutination test (Slidex bioMerieux). Disc diffusion test was carried out to estimate the penicillin resistance. Erythromycin disc was used as screening method to detect erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. MIC for erythromycin was performed by broth dilution method. In the study period from January 2001 to December 2003, all 1100 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes had usual level of penicillin sensitivity. In 2001, only 0.45% of isolates were erythromycin-resistant. In 2002, erythromycin resistance was 0.63%, while in 2003, it was 1.09%. MIC for erythromycin was from 1 to 128 mg/l. Three strains had constitutive and one strain had inducible resistance to clindamycin. According to the results, our conclusion is that, despite sensitivity to penicillin, resistance to macrolides is the emerging phenomenon. Reasonable use of macrolide antibiotics is necessary to maintain the resistance at the lowest level.
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Datoo, Asma Haji, Kyle Hill, and Josebelo Chong. "738: STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES ENDOCARDITIS." Critical Care Medicine 50, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000809276.92529.b8.
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McMurray, J. J., D. M. Fraser, and O. Brogan. "Fatal Streptococcus Pyogenes Pneumonia." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, no. 8 (August 1987): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708000821.
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Kahn, Fredrik, and Magnus Rasmussen. "Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes?" FEMS Microbiology Letters 326, no. 1 (November 21, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02447.x.
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Toma, Tudor. "Streptococcus pyogenes genome exposed." Genome Biology 2 (2001): spotlight—20010419–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20010419-01.
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Turner, Claire, and Shiranee Sriskandan. "Streptococcus pyogenes under pressure." Nature Medicine 13, no. 8 (August 2007): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0807-909.
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Barnham, Michael, and Stig E. Holm. "Serious Streptococcus pyogenes disease." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3, no. 2 (April 1997): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00606.x.
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MANALO, ROSARIO, HARIS MIRZA, and STEVEN OPAL. "Streptococcus pyogenes Tuboovarian Abscess." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 29, no. 10 (October 2002): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200210000-00007.
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Seal, D. V. "Dysentery and Streptococcus pyogenes." Journal of Infection 17, no. 2 (September 1988): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(88)91991-3.
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Thomas, P. S., E. Wilkins, and M. Hickey. "Streptococcus pyogenes and dysentery." Journal of Infection 16, no. 2 (March 1988): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(88)94172-2.
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Rahman, M. "Dysentery and Streptococcus pyogenes." Journal of Infection 18, no. 1 (January 1989): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(89)93792-4.
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PHILLIPS, G., D. PARRATT, GILLIAN V. ORANGE, I. HARPER, H. McEWAN, and N. YOUNG. "Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 25, no. 4 (1990): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/25.4.723.
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Sawai, Jun, Tadao Hasegawa, Takuya Kamimura, Akira Okamoto, Daisuke Ohmori, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Keiko Yamada, Keizo Torii, and Michio Ohta. "Growth Phase-Dependent Effect of Clindamycin on Production of Exoproteins by Streptococcus pyogenes." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 2 (November 13, 2006): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00539-06.
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ABSTRACT The administration of high-dose clindamycin plus benzylpenicillin has been recommended for the treatment of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, and clindamycin has been found to be more effective than beta-lactams in retrospective analyses of human cases. Although therapeutic doses of clindamycin have also been shown to be effective against experimental infections and clindamycin has great efficacy against the production of bacterial exoproteins, we recently reported that the level of production of some exoproteins was unchanged or even increased by a subinhibitory dose of clindamycin when it is added upon the initiation of bacterial culture and the treated cultures were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In this study we further examined the effect of clindamycin on the production of exoproteins by adding it to Streptococcus pyogenes cultures during various growth phases. We found that the levels of production of some proteins, NAD+ glycohydrolase, streptolysin O, and streptococcal inhibitor of complement, were increased when clindamycin was added at early-log-phase growth, which was the result that was seen when clindamycin was added at the beginning of culture. However, clindamycin inhibited the production of most types of proteins when it was administered to Streptococcus pyogenes cultures at mid-log-phase growth. In csrS- or mga-knockout bacterial strains, the increase in exoproteins seen in parental strains was considerably inhibited. Our study indicates that the in vitro effect of clindamycin on the production of exoproteins greatly depends on the growth phase of bacteria and some regulatory factors of Streptococcus pyogenes that are involved in this phenomenon.
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Ramadhanie, Cynthia Dwi, Sri Purwaningsih, and Eko Budi Koendhori. "Effectivity of Cacao Rind Ethanol Extract in Inhibiting Streptococcus Pyogenes Growth In Vitro." JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/juxta.v11i12020.6-8.
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Introduction: Infectious disease is still a common cause of illness and death in developing countries, such as Indonesia. One of the bacteria that causes infectious disease is Streptococcus pyogenes. Cacao fruit is a large commodity in Indonesia and has benefit for human. Cacao’s rind is known to contain several active compounds such as flavonoid and alkaloid that have antibacterial effect that can inhibit Streptococcus pyogenes growth. This research aims to evaluate the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of cacao rind ethanol extract in inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes growth in vitro. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study, testing antibacterial activity of cacao’s rind ethanol extract in inhibiting growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes using dilution method in vitro to know the MIC and MBC result. Sample of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes was obtained from Balai Besar Laboratorium, Surabaya. Sample of cacao’s rind ethanol extract was extracted at Balai Materia Medica, Batu. Results: At the beginning this experiment was done to find the MIC and MBC of cacao’s rind ethanol extract against the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, but the researcher can only find the MBC result, because the extract color is very dark, so the turbidity result of tubes P1 – P7 cannot be compared to control tube. From the results, the researcher draws a table showing how turbid and dark those tubes are. More (+) signs means more turbid or darker the tube is. From dilution test, the MBC of cacao’s rind ethanol extract against the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes is 12.5%. Conclusion: Cacao’s rind (Theobroma cacao L.) was quite effective in increasing the growth of bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is 12.5%
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Sujhithra, A., S. Jayanthi, M. Chokkalingam, D. Danis Vijay, R. Vidhya, and Sanjay Andrew Rajaratnam. "Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Rheumatic Fever." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.58.
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Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) causes a variety of diseases, from benign self-limiting infections of the skin or throat to lethal infections of soft tissue accompanied by multi-organ failure. GAS is one of significant species among Gram-positive pathogens which is responsible for several suppurative infections and non-suppurative sequelae. They also cause pharyngitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), necrotizing fasciitis and other diseases. Currently, global burden of RF / RHD is undervalued. In 2010, RF and RHD were estimated as 15.6 million cases and deaths around 200,000 annually. Laboratory diagnosis includes cultural techniques, serology, PYR test, Bacitracin susceptibility test and antibiotic resistance testing helps in differentiating the Streptococcus pyogenes from other groups of Streptococci. Most of the Acute Rheumatic Fever cases gets missed or does not present in the initial stage rather it has been developed into advanced Rheumatic Heart Disease condition. Modified Jones criteria in 2015 will be helpful especially to the low risk population as it is challenging because of limited access to primary health care, diagnosis of streptococcal disease. In addition to this revised criteria, diagnosis still relies on clinical diagnostic algorithm. Vaccines based on M protein and T antigens are continuing to evolve with different results. Ongoing vaccine development is still challenging for the GAS research community, it will make a positive and lasting impact on the peoples globally.
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Loimaranta, V., N. S. Jakubovics, J. Hytönen, J. Finne, H. F. Jenkinson, and N. Strömberg. "Fluid- or Surface-Phase Human Salivary Scavenger Protein gp340 Exposes Different Bacterial Recognition Properties." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 4 (April 2005): 2245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.4.2245-2252.2005.
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ABSTRACT Salivary scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein gp340 aggregates streptococci and other bacteria as part of the host innate defense system at mucosal surfaces. In this article, we have investigated the properties of fluid-phase gp340 and hydroxylapatite surface-adsorbed gp340 in aggregation and adherence, respectively, of viridans group streptococci (e.g., Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mutans), non-viridans group streptococci (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus suis), and oral Actinomyces. Fluid-phase gp340 and surface-phase gp340 bioforms were differentially recognized by streptococci, which formed three phenotypic groupings according to their modes of interaction with gp340. Group I streptococci were aggregated by and adhered to gp340, and group II streptococci preferentially adhered to surface-bound gp340, while group III streptococci were preferentially aggregated by gp340. Each species of Streptococcus tested was found to contain strains representative of at least two of these gp340 interaction groupings. The gp340 interaction modes I to III and sugar specificities of gp340 binding strains coincided for several species. Many gp340 interactions were sialidase sensitive, and each of the interaction modes (I to III) for S. gordonii was correlated with a variant of sialic acid specificity. Adherence of S. gordonii DL1 (Challis) to surface-bound gp340 was dependent upon expression of the sialic acid binding adhesin Hsa. However, aggregation of cells by fluid-phase gp340 was independent of Hsa and involved SspA and SspB (antigen I/II family) polypeptides. Conversely, both gp340-mediated aggregation and adherence of S. mutans NG8 involved antigen I/II polypeptide. Deletion of the mga virulence regulator gene in S. pyogenes resulted in increased cell aggregation by gp340. These results suggest that salivary gp340 recognizes different bacterial receptors according to whether gp340 is present in the fluid phase or surface bound. This phase-associated differential recognition by gp340 of streptococcal species of different levels of virulence and diverse origins may mediate alternative host responses to commensal or pathogenic bacterial phenotypes.
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Pandiripally, Vinod, Eugene Gregory, and David Cue. "Acquisition of Regulators of Complement Activation by Streptococcus pyogenes Serotype M1." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 11 (November 2002): 6206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.11.6206-6214.2002.
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ABSTRACT Opsonization of bacteria by complement proteins is an important component of the immune response. The pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes has evolved multiple mechanisms for the evasion of complement-mediated opsonization. One mechanism involves the binding of human regulators of complement activation such as factor H (FH) and FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1). Acquisition of these regulatory proteins can limit deposition of the opsonin C3b on bacteria, thus decreasing the pathogen's susceptibility to phagocytosis. Binding of complement regulatory proteins by S. pyogenes has previously been attributed to the streptococcal M and M-like proteins. Here, we report that the S. pyogenes cell surface protein Fba can mediate binding of FH and FHL-1. We constructed mutant derivatives of S. pyogenes that lack Fba, M1 protein, or both proteins and assayed the strains for FH binding, susceptibility to phagocytosis, and C3 deposition. Fba expression was found to be sufficient for binding of purified FH as well as for binding of FH and FHL-1 from human plasma. Plasma adsorption experiments also revealed that M1+ Fba+ streptococci preferentially bind FHL-1, whereas M1− Fba+ streptococci have similar affinities for FH and FHL-1. Fba was found to contribute to the survival of streptococci incubated with human blood and to inhibit C3 deposition on bacterial cells. Streptococci harvested from log-phase cultures readily bound FH, but binding was greatly reduced for bacteria obtained from stationary-phase cultures. Bacteria cultured in the presence of the protease inhibitor E64 maintained FH binding activity in stationary phase, suggesting that Fba is removed from the cell surface via proteolysis. Western analyses confirmed that E64 stabilizes cell surface expression of Fba. These data indicate that Fba is an antiopsonic, antiphagocytic protein that may be regulated by cell surface proteolysis.
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Chaussee, Michael S., Dragana Ajdic, and Joseph J. Ferretti. "The rgg Gene of Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 Positively Influences Extracellular SPE B Production." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.4.1715-1722.1999.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus pyogenes produces several extracellular proteins, including streptococcal erythrogenic toxin B (SPE B), also known as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B and streptococcal proteinase. Several reports suggest that SPE B contributes to the virulence associated with S. pyogenes; however, little is known about its regulation. Nucleotide sequence data revealed the presence, upstream of the speB gene, of a gene, designatedrgg, that was predicted to encode a polypeptide similar to previously described positive regulatory factors. The putative Rgg polypeptide of S. pyogenes NZ131 consisted of 280 amino acids and had a predicted molecular weight of 33,246. To assess the potential role of Rgg in the production of SPE B, the rgggene was insertionally inactivated in S. pyogenes NZ131, which resulted in markedly decreased SPE B production, as determined both by immunoblotting and caseinolytic activity on agar plates. However, the production of other extracellular products, including streptolysin O, streptokinase, and DNase, was not affected. Complementation of the rgg mutant with an intactrgg gene copy in S. pyogenes NZ131 could restore SPE B production and confirmed that the rgg gene product is involved in the production of SPE B.
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Proft, Thomas, Phillip D. Webb, Vanessa Handley, and John D. Fraser. "Two Novel Superantigens Found in Both Group A and Group C Streptococcus." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (March 2003): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1361-1369.2003.
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ABSTRACT Two novel streptococcal superantigen genes (speLSe and speMSe ) were identified from the Streptococcus equi genome database at the Sanger Center. Genotyping of 8 S. equi isolates and 40 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resulted in the detection of the orthologous genes speL and speM in a restricted number of S. pyogenes isolates (15 and 5%, respectively). Surprisingly, the novel superantigen genes could not be found in any of the analyzed S. equi isolates. The results suggest that both genes are located on a mobile element that enables gene transfer between individual isolates and between streptococci from different Lancefield groups. S. equi pyrogenic exotoxin L (SPE-L Se )/streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin L (SPE-L) and SPE-M Se /SPE-M are most closely related to SMEZ, SPE-C, SPE-G, and SPE-J, but build a separate branch within this group. Recombinant SPE-L (rSPE-L) and rSPE-M were highly mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes, with half-maximum responses at 1 and 10 pg/ml, respectively. The results from competitive binding experiments suggest that both proteins bind major histocompatibility complex class II at the β-chain, but not at the α-chain. The most common targets for both toxins were human Vβ1.1 expressing T cells. Seroconversion against SPE-L and SPE-M was observed in healthy blood donors, suggesting that the toxins are expressed in vivo. Interestingly, the speL gene is highly associated with S. pyogenes M89, a serotype that is linked to acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand.
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Reinert, Ralf René, Rudolf Lütticken, André Bryskier, and Adnan Al-Lahham. "Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes in the Pediatric Population in Germany during 2000-2001." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 2 (February 2003): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.2.489-493.2003.
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ABSTRACT In a nationwide study in Germany covering 13 clinical microbiology laboratories, a total of 307 Streptococcus pyogenes (mainly pharyngitis) and 333 Streptococcus pneumoniae (respiratory tract infections) strains were collected from outpatients less than 16 years of age. The MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin A, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and telithromycin were determined by the microdilution method. In S. pyogenes isolates, resistance rates were as follows: penicillin, 0%; erythromycin A, 13.7%; and levofloxacin, 0%. Telithromycin showed good activity against S. pyogenes isolates (MIC90 = 0.25 μg/ml; MIC range, 0.016 to 16 μg/ml). Three strains were found to be telithromycin-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). Erythromycin-resistant strains were characterized for the underlying resistance genotype, with 40.5% having the efflux type mef(A), 38.1% having the erm(A), and 9.5% having the erm(B) genotypes. emm typing of macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes isolates showed emm types 4 (45.2%), 77 (26.2%), and 12 (11.9%) to be predominant. In S. pneumoniae, resistance rates were as follows: penicillin intermediate, 7.5%; penicillin resistant, 0%; erythromycin A, 17.4%; and levofloxacin, 0%. Telithromycin was highly active against pneumococcal isolates (MIC90 ≤ 0.016 μg/ml; range, 0.016 to 0.5 μg/ml). The overall resistance profile of streptococcal respiratory tract isolates is still favorable, but macrolide resistance is of growing concern in Germany.