Relevant bibliographies by topics / Streptococcus mutans

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Streptococcus mutans'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Streptococcus mutans"

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Grönroos, L., M. Saarela, J. Mättö, U. Tanner-Salo, A. Vuorela, and S. Alaluusua. "Mutacin Production by Streptococcus mutans May Promote Transmission of Bacteria from Mother to Child." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2595-2600.1998.

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ABSTRACT The production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, mutacins, by mutans streptococci varies among isolates. To find if the degree of mutacin activity of an isolate was related to its transmission between mother and her child, 19 mothers and their 18-month- to 3-year-old children were sampled for their oral mutans streptococci. In addition, the stability of mutacin activity was studied with isolates from the mothers and with isolates from five unrelated 5-year-old children in 5- to 7-year follow-up studies. A total of 145 oral mutans streptococcal isolates were serotyped by immunodiffusion, ribotyped, and mutacin typed by the stab culture technique. Mutacin was produced by 88% of the strains against more than 1 of the 14 indicator strains, representing mutans streptococci,Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus mutans isolates showed more inhibitory activity than didStreptococcus sobrinus isolates. Identical ribotypes had similar mutacin activity profiles within a subject, initially and in the follow-up studies, in all but two cases. The mothers harbored a total of 37 different mutans streptococcal ribotypes. Six children were negative for mutans streptococci. Transmission was probable in 9 of 20 mother-child pairs on the basis of the presence of identical strains, as determined by ribotyping and bacteriocin (mutacin) typing. S. mutansstrains shared between a mother and her child showed a broader spectrum of inhibitory activity than did nontransmitted strains. In conclusion, the mutacin activity of clinical isolates is reasonably stable, and this virulence factor seems to be of clinical importance in early colonization by S. mutans.
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Kamiya, Regianne Umeko, Tiago Taiete, and Reginaldo Bruno Gonçalves. "Mutacins of Streptococcus mutans." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 4 (December 2011): 1248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822011000400001.

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Al-Ahmad, Ali, Thorsten Mathias Auschill, Gabriele Braun, Elmar Hellwig, and Nicole Birgit Arweiler. "Overestimation of Streptococcus mutans prevalence by nested PCR detection of the 16S rRNA gene." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46280-0.

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This study was carried out in order to compare two PCR-based methods in the detection of Streptococcus mutans. The first PCR method was based on primers for the 16S rRNA gene and the second method was based on specific primers that targeted the glucosyltransferase gene (gtfB). Each PCR was performed with eight different streptococci from the viridans group, five other streptococci and 17 different non-streptococcal bacterial strains. Direct use of the S. mutans 16S rRNA gene-specific primers revealed that Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus infantis were also detected. After amplifying the 16S rRNA gene with universal primers and subsequently performing nested PCR, the S. mutans-specific nested primers based on the 16S rRNA gene detected all tested streptococci. There was no cross-reaction of the gtfB primers after direct PCR. Our results indicate that direct PCR and nested PCR based on 16S rRNA genes can reveal false-positive results for oral streptococci and lead to an overestimation of the prevalence of S. mutans with regards to its role as the most prevalent causative agent of dental caries.
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Petersen, F. C., S. Assev, H. C. van der Mei, H. J. Busscher, and A. A. Scheie. "Functional Variation of the Antigen I/II Surface Protein in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus intermedius." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 1 (January 2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.1.249-256.2002.

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ABSTRACT Although Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus mutans are regarded as members of the commensal microflora of the body, S. intermedius is often associated with deep-seated purulent infections, whereas S. mutans is frequently associated with dental caries. In this study, we investigated the roles of the S. mutans and S. intermedius antigen I/II proteins in adhesion and modulation of cell surface characteristics. By using isogenic mutants, we show that the antigen I/II in S. mutans, but not in S. intermedius, was involved in adhesion to a salivary film under flowing conditions, as well as in binding to rat collagen type I. Binding to human fibronectin was a common function associated with the S. mutans and S. intermedius antigen I/II. Adhesion of S. mutans or S. intermedius to human collagen types I or IV was negligible. Hydrophobicity, as measured by water contact angles, and zeta potentials were unaltered in the S. intermedius mutant. The S. mutans isogenic mutants, on the other hand, exhibited more positive zeta potentials at physiological pH values than did the wild type. The results indicate common and species-specific roles for the antigen I/II in mediating the attachment of S. mutans and S. intermedius to host components and in determining cell surface properties.
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Cheng, X., S. Redanz, P. Treerat, H. Qin, D. Choi, X. Zhou, X. Xu, J. Merritt, and J. Kreth. "Magnesium-Dependent Promotion of H2O2 Production Increases Ecological Competitiveness of Oral Commensal Streptococci." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 7 (March 20, 2020): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520912181.

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The pyruvate oxidase (SpxB)–dependent production of H2O2 is widely distributed among oral commensal streptococci. Several studies confirmed the ability of H2O2 to antagonize susceptible oral bacterial species, including caries-associated Streptococcus mutans as well as several periodontal pathobionts. Here we report a potential mechanism to bolster oral commensal streptococcal H2O2 production by magnesium (Mg2+) supplementation. Magnesium is a cofactor for SpxB catalytic activity, and supplementation increases the production of H2O2 in vitro. We demonstrate that Mg2+ affects spxB transcription and SpxB abundance in Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii. The competitiveness of low-passage commensal streptococcal clinical isolates is positively influenced in antagonism assays against S. mutans. In growth conditions normally selective for S. mutans, Mg2+ supplementation is able to increase the abundance of S. sanguinis in dual-species biofilms. Using an in vivo biophotonic imaging platform, we further demonstrate that dietary Mg2+ supplementation significantly improves S. gordonii oral colonization in mice. In summary, our results support a role for Mg2+ supplementation as a potential prebiotic to promote establishment of oral health–associated commensal streptococci.
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Kreth, Jens, Yongshu Zhang, and Mark C. Herzberg. "Streptococcal Antagonism in Oral Biofilms: Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii Interference with Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 13 (April 25, 2008): 4632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00276-08.

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ABSTRACT Biofilms are polymicrobial, with diverse bacterial species competing for limited space and nutrients. Under healthy conditions, the different species in biofilms maintain an ecological balance. This balance can be disturbed by environmental factors and interspecies interactions. These perturbations can enable dominant growth of certain species, leading to disease. To model clinically relevant interspecies antagonism, we studied three well-characterized and closely related oral species, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, and cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. S. sanguinis and S. gordonii used oxygen availability and the differential production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to compete effectively against S. mutans. Interspecies antagonism was influenced by glucose with reduced production of H2O2. Furthermore, aerobic conditions stimulated the competence system and the expression of the bacteriocin mutacin IV of S. mutans, as well as the H2O2-dependent release of heterologous DNA from mixed cultures of S. sanguinis and S. gordonii. These data provide new insights into ecological factors that determine the outcome of competition between pioneer colonizing oral streptococci and the survival mechanisms of S. mutans in the oral biofilm.
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Chia, Jean-San, Huei-Ting Lien, Po-Ren Hsueh, Pei-Min Chen, Andy Sun, and Jen-Yang Chen. "Induction of Cytokines by Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 4 (July 2002): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.4.892-897.2002.

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ABSTRACT Production of proinflammatory cytokines is implicated in the pathogenesis of viridans streptococcus-induced α-streptococcal shock syndrome and infective endocarditis. Streptococcus mutans, one of the opportunistic pathogens causing infective endocarditis, was reported previously to stimulate monocytes and epithelial and endothelial cells in vitro to produce various cytokines. We found that glucosyltransferases (GTFs) GtfC and GtfD of S. mutans stimulated predominantly the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from T cells cultured in vitro. The level of IL-6 but not of tumor necrosis factor alpha in blood was significantly elevated when rats were injected intravenously with S. mutans GS-5, whereas IL-6 was detected at a much lower level when rats were challenged with NHS1DD, an isogenic mutant defective in the expression of GTFs. The serum IL-6 level was elevated in patients with endocarditis caused by different species of viridans streptococci which express GTF homologues. Affinity column-purified GTFs reduced the levels of detectable IL-2 of T cells stimulated by another bacterial antigen, tetanus toxoid. These results suggested that GTFs might modulate the production of Th1-type cytokines and that GTFs of S. mutans play a significant role in stimulating the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in vivo.
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Wang, Bing-Yan, and Howard K. Kuramitsu. "Interactions between Oral Bacteria: Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Bacteriocin Production by Streptococcus gordonii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (January 2005): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.354-362.2005.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans has been recognized as an important etiological agent in human dental caries. Some strains of S. mutans also produce bacteriocins. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that bacteriocin production by S. mutans strains GS5 and BM71 was mediated by quorum sensing, which is dependent on a competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) signaling system encoded by the com genes. We also demonstrated that interactions with some other oral streptococci interfered with S. mutans bacteriocin production both in broth and in biofilms. The inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production by oral bacteria was stronger in biofilms than in broth. Using transposon Tn916 mutagenesis, we identified a gene (sgc; named for Streptococcus gordonii challisin) responsible for the inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production by S. gordonii Challis. Interruption of the sgc gene in S. gordonii Challis resulted in attenuated inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production. The supernatant fluids from the sgc mutant did not inactivate the exogenous S. mutans CSP as did those from the parent strain Challis. S. gordonii Challis did not inactivate bacteriocin produced by S. mutans GS5. Because S. mutans uses quorum sensing to regulate virulence, strategies designed to interfere with these signaling systems may have broad applicability for biological control of this caries-causing organism.
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Tao, L., and J. M. Tanzer. "Novel Sucrose-dependent Adhesion Co-factors in Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Dental Research 81, no. 7 (July 2002): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910208100715.

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Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases form extracellular glucans from sucrose to promote adhesion to the teeth. We tested whether additional factors are involved in S. mutans sucrose-dependent adhesion. By screening a pVA891-insertion mutant library of S. mutans LT11, we isolated four clones deficient in adhesion to glass in the presence of sucrose, but normal in glucosyltransferase activities. The genetic loci flanking the insertion sites were retrieved and identified. They encode glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an ABC transporter, a multidrug-efflux pump, and either the ribulose monophosphate operon or ascorbate metabolism operon. The four mutants were analyzed for their phenotypic expression and in vivo colonization in rats. The multidrug efflux pump mutant failed to colonize the rats. Three other mutants colonized the rats by reverting to the wild type. Therefore, these four factors may contribute to S. mutans sucrose-dependent adhesion.
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Nilsson, Martin, Michael Givskov, Svante Twetman, and Tim Tolker-Nielsen. "Inactivation of the pgmA Gene in Streptococcus mutans Significantly Decreases Biofilm-Associated Antimicrobial Tolerance." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090310.

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Screening of a Streptococcus mutans mutant library indicated that pgmA mutants displayed a reduced biofilm-associated tolerance toward gentamicin. The biofilms formed by the S. mutans pgmA mutant also displayed decreased tolerance towards linezolid and vancomycin compared to wild-type biofilms. On the contrary, the resistance of planktonic S. mutans pgmA cells to gentamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin was more similar to wild-type levels. Investigations of biofilms grown in microtiter trays and on submerged glass slides showed that pgmA mutants formed roughly the same amount of biofilm as the wild type, indicating that the reduced antimicrobial tolerance of these mutants is not due to diminished biofilm formation. The pgmA gene product is known to be involved in the synthesis of precursors for cell wall components such as teichoic acids and membrane glycolipids. Accordingly, the S. mutans pgmA mutant showed increased sensitivity to Congo Red, indicating that it has impaired cell wall integrity. A changed cell wall composition of the S. mutans pgmA mutant may play a role in the increased sensitivity of S. mutans pgmA biofilms toward antibiotics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Streptococcus mutans"

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Thevenot, Tracy Lynn. "Aspects of sugar transport via the phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system of streptococcus mutans /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23673.pdf.

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Monteiro-Oliveira, Marcela Pinto 1982. "Estudo da ação antimicrobiana da terapia fotodinamica sobre lesões de carie produzidas in vitro na dentina de dentes bovinos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288089.

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Orientador: Marines Nobre dos Santos Uchoa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Durante o processo conhecido como terapia fotodinâmica, a aplicação de fotossensibilizadores associados a uma fonte de luz de comprimento de onda complementar, gera produtos que podem danificar componentes essenciais das células, e causar a morte celular. Dentro desse contexto, a aplicação dessa terapia sobre microrganismos presentes em lesões de cárie é de grande valia, uma vez que poderá reduzir a quantidade de tecido dental a ser removido no tratamento da cárie, diminuir as chances de progressão da doença bem como os riscos de acometimento pulpar do elemento dentário. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi determinar parâmetros para o uso de um diodo emissor de luz (LED) associado ao corante azul de orto toluidina (TBO) na redução da contagem de Streptococcus mutans presentes em lesões de cárie dentinária. Para isto, 72 espécimes de dentina coronária de dentes bovinos foram imersos em cultura contendo Streptococcus mutans para produzir lesões de cárie. Tais espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=12): Controle (exposição a NaCl a 0,9% por 5 min); TBO (exposição ao TBO a 0,01% por 5 min); LEDA (exposição ao LED por 4,2 min); LEDB (exposição ao LED por 6,5 min); PDTA (exposição ao corante associado ao LED por 4,2 min) e PDTB (exposição ao corante associado ao LED por 6,5 min). As densidades de energia utilizadas para os tempos de 4,2 e 6,5 min, foram de 166 e 249 J/cm2, respectivamente. Antes e após os tratamentos, amostras de tecido dentinário cariado foram coletadas e analisadas microbiologicamente, por meio da contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) de S. mutans. A profundidade das lesões de cárie produzidas pelo modelo microbiológico utilizado foi determinada por meio da microscopia de luz polarizada. Foram utilizados os testes ANOVA/Tukey para comparar os valores de log redução dos grupos (a=5%). Observou-se redução significativa de S. mutans nos grupos em que aplicou-se TBO associado ao LED, com as duas densidades de energia utilizadas. Entretanto, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para os diferentes tempos de irradiação. Concluiu-se que os parâmetros utilizados no presente estudo, para o emprego do LED associado ao TBO, foram efetivos em reduzir a contagem de S. mutans presentes em lesões de cárie dentinária.
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that consists in the activation of certain photosensitizers by light in the presence of tissue oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive radicals capable of inducing cell death. In this context, this therapy may become a suitable approach to disinfect the dentin tissue during the caries treatment, and reduce the tissue removal, minimizing the probability of caries progression and pulp involvement. This randomized in vitro study determined parameters for using a light-emitting diode (LED) with toluidine blue O (TBO) for reduction of Streptococcus mutans counts inside dentin caries. Seventy two bovine coronary dentin slabs were immersed in Streptococcus mutans culture for demineralization production. Dentin slabs were allocated to 6 groups (n=12) as follows: Control (treated with 0.9% NaCl solution for 5 min); TBO (treated with 0.1 mg/ml TBO for 5 min); LEDA (submitted to irradiation for 4.2 min); LEDB (submitted to irradiation for 6.5 min); PDTA (treated with TBO plus irradiation for 4.2 min) and PDTB (treated with TBO plus irradiation for 6.5 min). The energy densities used for 4.2 and 6.5 min correspond at 166 and 249 J/cm2, respectively. Before and after treatments, dentin samples were analyzed with regard to S. mutans counts. The caries lesion depth produced by the microbiological model was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. ANOVA/Tukey tests were utilized to compare log reductions among groups (a=5%). Bacterial reduction was observed when dentin was exposed to both TBO and LED at both irradiation times. However, no difference in S. mutans reduction was found between the two energy densities. Concluding, although the use of LED combined with TBO was effective in reducing the Streptococcus mutans counts in carious dentin, this effect may not have clinical significance.
Mestrado
Odontopediatria
Mestre em Odontologia
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Vizoto, Natália Leal 1982. "Avaliação da função biológica do sistema de dois componentes SptRS de Streptococcus mutans." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288675.

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Orientador: Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Streptococcus mutans é uma espécie bacteriana comum da microbiota bucal de seres humanos envolvida na patogênese da cárie dentária e em endocardites infecciosas promovidas por bacteremias de origem bucal. Para ser transmitido e ocupar seus nichos ecológicos, S. mutans precisa persistir na saliva e se adaptar fisiologicamente a cada fase da colonização, um processo que provavelmente envolve diversas alterações do seu transcriptoma. Para isto, S. mutans utiliza sistemas reguladores de transcrição de dois componentes (SDC). O SDC SptRS foi identificado através de análises in silico do genoma da cepa S. mutans UA159, como ortólogo do sistema SptSR (Spt de Saliva persistence) de Streptococcus pyogenes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a participação do sistema SptRS de S. mutans em fenótipos importantes para a colonização bucal. Para isto, mutantes knockout dos genes sptR e sptS, SMU.927 e SMU.928 respectivamente, foram construídos a partir da cepa UA159 (UAsptR- e UAsptS-) e comparados com a cepa parental em análises de morfologia, crescimento planctônico sob diferentes condições nutricionais, persistência em saliva humana, formação de biofilme e autólise a 44oC. Além disto, genes do regulon de SptRS foram pesquisados através de ensaios da Imunoprecipitacão de Cromatina seguido de sequenciamento (ChIP-seq), RT-PCR quantitativo (RT-PCRq) e de Ensaios de Retardamento da Mobilidade Eletroforética (EMSA) com proteína recombinante SptRr de S. mutans. Os mutantes sptR e sptS mostraram crescimento planctônico lento em meios de cultura RPMI e em MQD comparados à cepa parental, além de atividade autolítica reduzida em 22,4 e 53,13%, respectivamente. Não foram observadas, entretanto, alterações significativas na morfogênese, formação de biofilmes in vitro, nem na persistência em saliva humana. Os dados de ChIP-seq e RT-qPCR indicaram que SptRS regula genes envolvidos na resposta de estringência (SMU.926), repressão catabólica (ccpA), metabolismo de múltiplos açúcares (SMU.78, SMU.137, SMU.542, SMU.1734), sistemas fosfoenolpiruvato-fosfotransferase (PTS) (SMU.2047, SMU.114, SMU.115) sistemas de transporte do tipo ABC (SMU.182, SMU.880, SMU.905, SMU.1035, SMU.1095, SMU.1178c, SMU.1939) e biogênese de parede celular (SMU.1091, SMU.2147, SMU.609, SMU.1434c, SMU.22). SptR funcionou como um regulador negativo em 86% (37/43) dos genes testados. Análises de RT-qPCR e EMSA indicaram ainda que SptR regula diretamente o regulador de transcrição CovR (SMU.1924), envolvido na repressão de genes de virulência e formação de biofilmes. Este estudo fornece evidências de que SptRS regula diversas funções de S. mutans importantes para a sobrevivência em condições nutricionalmente escassos, aparentemente coordenando o metabolismo com o crescimento bacteriano e com a expressão de genes de virulência
Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is a common bacterial species of the bucal microbiota of humans involved in the pathogenesis of dental caries and infectious endocarditis promoted by bacteremia of bucal origin. To be transmitted and occupy their ecological niches, S. mutans need to persist in saliva and adapt physiologically to each phase of colonization, a process that probably involves several changes in its transcriptome. To this end, S. mutans uses transcriptional regulatory systems called Two Component System (TCS). The TCS SptRS was identified in an in silico analysis of the genome of S. mutans strain UA159, as an orthologue of the SptRS system (Spt of Saliva persistence) of Streptococcus pyogenes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the TCS SptRS in functional traits important for S. mutans to colonize its bucal niches. Thus, knockout mutants of sptR and sptS (SMU.927 and SMU.928, respectively) were obtained in strain UA159 (UAsptR-, UAsptS-) and compared to parental strain regarding morphology, planktonic growth under different nutritional conditions and persistence in human saliva, biofilm formation and autolysis at 44oC. In addition, genes of SptRS regulon were analised by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed the sequencing (ChIP-seq), quantitative RT-PCR (RT- qPCR) and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) with S. mutans SptR recombinant protein. Inactivation of sptR/S promotes slow planktonic growth in RPMI and CDM, culture media 22.4 to 53.13% reductions in autolysis respectively, but does not significantly affect morphogenesis. However, mutants do not show significant alterations in biofilm formation or in persistence in human saliva. ChIP-seq and RT-qPCR analyses showed that SptRS regulates genes for stringent response (SMU.926), metabolism of multiple sugars (SMU.78, SMU.137, SMU.542, SMU.1734), catabolite repression (SMU.1591, ccpA), phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase systems (PTS), ABC transport systems (SMU.182, SMU.880, SMU.905, SMU.1035, SMU.1095, SMU.1178c, SMU.1939) and cell wall biogenesis (SMU.22, SMU.609, SMU.1091, SMU.1434c, SMU.2147) SptR worked as a negative regulator of 86% (37/43) of the tested genes. RT-qPCR and EMSA analyses further showed that SptR directly represses expression of the transcriptional regulator CovR (SMU.1924), which is a repressor of genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence. This study provides evidence that SptRS regulates several functions important for S. mutans survival under poor nutritional conditions, apparently coordinating metabolism with bacterial growth and expression of virulence genes
Doutorado
Microbiologia e Imunologia
Doutora em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Lewis, Christopher Roger. "Chromosomal deletions in Streptococcus mutans." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297569.

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Hale, John D. F., and n/a. "Small bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060905.144149.

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Dental caries is the most common bacterial disease of humans and occurs when oral bacteria produce acids, following their fermentation of dietary carbohydrates. This acid can then cause a localised demineralisation of the tooth surface. A group of seven species of bacteria, collectively known as the mutans streptococci, have been predominantly implicated in the onset of dental caries. In particular, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus have been shown to be the main aetiological agents of this disease in humans. Most attempts to control the microbial component of caries target these bacteria. The past 50 years has provided considerable information about the pathogenesis of dental caries, the likely route and time of transmission of cariogenic bacteria to susceptible hosts and possible ways of either treating or controlling the onset of this disease. In regards to the latter, many techniques (such as the use of tooth brushes, mouth washes, dental floss and tooth paste) for the control of plaque build-up exist and the examples listed are generally part of a daily routine. However, these techniques need to be applied regularly, and as such only highly-motivated individuals generally experience improved oral health. Therefore, the search for more effective less labour-intensive approaches continues. One area of research is into the potential application of small ribosomally-synthesised antimicrobial peptides, known as bacteriocins. Bacteriocins generally inhibit closely-related species that occupy the same ecological niche. Their relatively-specific targeting, plus the fact that many are remarkably heat and chemically-stable molecules, makes them excellent candidates for possible anti-caries applications. Numerous bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria have now been identified. Most can be broadly categorised into one of four main classes, of which Class I, the lantibiotics and Class II, the small (<10 kDa) non-modified peptides, contain the most examples. Many screens for anti-mutans streptococcal (MS) bacteriocins have been carried out and it appears that the best source of anti-MS bacteriocins are the mutans streptococci themselves. Research in this laboratory has identified examples of anti-mutans streptococcal bacteriocins produced by both mutans streptococci and non-mutans streptococci. The present study investigated the anti-MS inhibitors produced by two streptococcal strains, S. mutans N and Streptococcus sanguis K11. During the course of this study a third strain, S. mutans UA159, was also studied for its bacteriocinogenic properties. Although S. sanguis K11 produces anti-mutans streptococcal inhibitory activity, this appears only effective against Streptococcus rattus. In addition however, the inhibitory activity of this strain is also directed against all tested strains of Streptococcus agalactiae and ca. 50% of Streptococcus pyogenes. In the present study a 5069 Da novel inhibitory agent (sanguicin K11) was characterised and shown responsible for this unusual inhibitory spectrum. Through reverse genetics the sanK11 locus was identified and shown to encode a Class II type bacteriocin, the first shown to be produced by S. sanguis. Following screens of additional S. sanguis, sanK11 was shown to be present only in strains producing the same type of inhibitory pattern (P-type) as strain K11. The cysteine residues at positions 7 and 38 of the sanguicin K11 propeptide were shown to form a disulphide bridge essential for sanguicin K11 inhibitory activity. S. mutans N and eight other S. mutans strains have been found to have what appears to be the same inhibitory spectrum, which includes members of the mutans streptococci and several other oral streptococcal species. One strain (UA140) of the eight has previously been shown to produce the lantibiotic mutacin I and the non-lantibiotic mutacin IV. S. mutans N was known to produce the non-lantibiotic mutacin N. The current study set out to investigate how two strains, apparently producing completely different bacteriocins could have the same inhibitory spectrum. Reverse genetics identified the mutacin N structural gene (mutN) and mutagenesis studies showed that this bacteriocin was responsible only for the inhibitory activity against mutans streptococci. Further sequencing around the mutN locus identified a second bacteriocin-like locus (mutO) adjacent to mutN. mutO was also identified to have anti-mutans streptococcal inhibitory activity and because of the close proximity of mutO and mutN and given the homology they share with other known two-peptide bacteriocins it seemed probable that mutacins O and N are components of a new member of this special class of bacteriocins (Class IIb, the two peptide bacteriocins) in which the optimal inhibitory activity is dependent on the co-operative activity of the two peptides. Further investigations of strain N examined the expression of mutacins O and N. During a search for a suitable heterologous non-mutacinogenic S. mutans strain to act as an expression host, the genome reference strain, S. mutans UA159 was given consideration. However, contrary to previous reports, this strain was found to exhibit bacteriocin-like inhibitory activity. During a follow-up investigation, strain UA159 was found to inhibit 84 strains representing 11 different species of bacteria, but no inhibition of mutans streptococci was detected. The locus (nlmAB) encoding the two-peptide bacteriocin mutacin IV was identified within the UA159 genome. Using genetic dissection of nlmA and nlmB, the contribution of each peptide was examined and it was found that only the NlmA* propeptide appears to be active, raising doubts as to whether mutacin IV is a bona fide two-peptide bacteriocin. Deletion of the entire nlmAB locus created a mutant strain that exhibited a loss of inhibitory activity against the same 64 strains as was found for the nlmA mutant. A BLASTP search for the consensus leader sequence that precedes the propeptide of Class II bacteriocins, identified ORFs encoding 9 more putative bacteriocin-like peptides. Further genetic dissection identified the SMU.1914c locus as being responsible for the inhibitory activity against a further 15 strains not already sensitive to mutacin IV. SMU.1914c was renamed mutacin V. However, it appears that another as yet unidentified mutacin(s) is also produced by strain UA159 given that three indicator strains still remained sensitive to a double mutant [UA[Delta](1914/NlmAB)] in which both the mutacin IV and putative mutacin V loci were inactivated. Export of Class II bacteriocins has been found to occur by either a SEC-dependent system or via a dedicated peptide ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter. Three potential ABC transporter ORFs were identified in S. mutans UA159. Two (comA and cslA) had the characteristic accessory factor ORF (comB and cslB respectively) located adjacent to the main ABC transporter ORF, while the third ORF763 appeared to lack this. Mutagenesis of each of these five ORFS was carried out and confirmed cslAB to be the ABC transporter involved in the export of the competence stimulating factor, while the function of ORF763 could not be established in this study. Mutagenesis of either comA or comB resulted in a complete cessation of bacteriocin production by the respective mutant strains. Historically, comA and comB is the nomenclature used for loci encoding the exporter of the competence inducing factors in streptococci. In light of this new information, comA and comB were renamed nlmT and nlmE respectively, to account for the newly defined role of this ABC transporter. The present study investigated four bacteriocins two of which (sanguicin K11 and mutacin ON) appear to have some potential for application to anti-caries control, and the others (mutacins IV and V) being shown to be produced by the genome reference strain (UA159). All three mutacins were shown to be exported from their respective producer cells by the NlmTE ABC transporter, while sanguicin K11 is predicted to be exported by a peptide ABC transporter located adjacent to sanK11. Bacteriocins may yet provide a novel alternative for the treatment and control of dental caries. In their favour is that fact that they have relatively narrow defined inhibitory spectra and thus are unlikely to produce widespread changes to plaque ecosystems. Potential uses include as topical agents where bacteriocin preparations could be incorporated into dentrifices such as toothpastes or mouthwashes. Alternatively, streptococci producing anti-mutans streptococcal bacteriocins could be implanted into the oral cavity in strain replacement therapy strategies. There are pros and cons to each technique and the most effective anti-caries control appears more likely to result from "cocktail therapy" where bacteriocins are combined with a number of other anti-mutans streptococcal agents to achieve long-lasting protection against mutans streptococcus proliferation.
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Galvão, Lívia Câmara de Carvalho 1985. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais contra microrganismos do grupo mutans e determinação da atividade antiproliferativa." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288527.

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Orientadores: Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, in vitro, de óleos essenciais e frações dos óleos de melhor atividade, contra microrganismos do grupo mutans em estado planctônico. Além disso, os biofilmes de Streptococcus mutans foram submetidos às frações ativas e os óleos de melhor atividade e frações ativas foram avaliados quanto à sua citotoxicidade e caracterizados quimicamente. Para isso, vinte óleos essenciais (OE) foram obtidos por hidrodestilação a partir de plantas pertencentes ao banco de germoplasmas da Coleção de Plantas Medicinais e Aromáticas (CPMA/CPQBA/UNICAMP). Estes OE foram avaliados quanto à sua atividade antimicrobiana por meio dos ensaios: concentrações inibitória (CIM) e bactericida mínima (CBM) contra Streptococcus mutans UA159. Controles positivo (clorexidina 0,12 %) e negativo (propilenoglicol 6,12 % e 25 %) também foram testados...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EO) and fractions from highest activity EO against planktonic cells of mutans streptococci. Besides, the biofilms formed by this microorganism were submitted to active fractions and the higher activity EO and active fractions were evaluated regarding their citotoxicity and chemically characterized. For this, twenty essentinal oils were obtained from plants of the "Collectio of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants" (CPMA, CPQBA/UNICAMP), germplasm bank by hydrodistillation. These EO were evaluated by antimicrobial assays: minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations against Streptococcus mutans UA159. Positive (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative (propylene glycol 6.12 % and 25%) controls were also tested...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica
Mestre em Odontologia
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Carneiro, Haline de Lima. "Avaliação de propriedades de superfície da liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta submetida à anodização e seus efeitos n adesão bacteriana /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110821.

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Orientador: Luís Geraldo Vaz
Co-orientador: Laiza Maria Grassi Fais
Banca: Valfrido Antonio Pereira Filho
Banca: Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
Resumo: Este estudo comparou as propriedades de superfície e a adesão Streptococcus mutans na liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta e no titânio comercialmente puro (Ti cp) antes e após a anodização. Foram utilizados discos (Ø8mmx2mm; N = 40) divididos em 2 grupos: T (Ti cp), TNZT (Ti-35Nb- 7Zr-5Ta), e subdivididos conforme a realização (A+) ou não (A-, controle) da anodização eletroquímica (300 V, 1 min) em β-glicerofostato de sódio + acetato de cálcio. As propriedades avaliadas foram: topografia de superfície e identificação qualitativa dos elementos químicos (microscópio eletrônico de varredura-MEV/EDS), energia livre de superfície (ELS, mensurada em goniômetro) e rugosidade média (Ra, determinada em rugosímetro). Para avaliação da adesão bacteriana, os discos foram contaminados com Streptococcus mutans (NTCC 25175) para determinação de UFC/mL e do padrão de adesão (MEV). Os valores de Ra e ELS de cada grupo foram comparados (A- vs. A+) por meio do teste Kruskal-Wallis associado ao teste de Dun (α = 0,05). Os valores de Ra (μm) e ELS (mN/m), respectivamente, foram: A-- T=0,97/44,24; TNZT=0,17/36,68; A+ - T=1,21/56,88; TNZT=0,53/53,64, com aumento significante de ambas propriedades (p < 0,05) após a anodização. A análise em MEV/EDS indicou a formação de uma camada multiporosa, com deposição de íons Ca e P nos subgrupos A+. Após a anodização houve aumento na adesão do patógeno apenas na liga TNZT. Conclui-se que a anodização do Ti cp e da liga TNZT alteram as propriedades de superfície com potencial para melhorias na osseointegração, contudo há aumento na adesão de S. mutans na liga TNZT.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the surface properties and the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) before and after the anodization. Discs (Ø8mmx2mm, N=40) were divided into 2 groups: T (cp Ti), TNZT (Ti-35Nb-7Zr- 5Ta), and subdivided in untreated (A- , control) or anodic treated (A+) in β- glicerofostato + calcium acetate (300 V, 1min). The evaluated surface properties were: surface topography and qualitative identification of chemical elements (in scanning electron microscope -SEM/EDS), surface free energy (SFE, measured with a goniometer), and the average roughness (Radetermined in profimoleter). The discs were contaminated with Streptococcus mutans (NTCC 25175) for determination of CFU/mL; the surfaces with adhered viable cell were also analyzed with SEM. The values of Ra and ELS were compared (A- vs . A+) by means of Kruskal-Wallis associated Dun test (α= 0.05). The median Ra (μm) and ELS (mN/m), respectively, were: A- T=0.97/44.24; TNZT=0.17/36.68; A+ T=1.21/56.88; TNZT=0.53/ 53.64. All groups showed significantly higher values of Ra and ELS (p < 0.05) after anodizing. The analysis in SEM/EDS indicated the formation of a multiporous layer with deposition of Ca and P ions. Only anodic treated TNZT exhibited an increase in adhesion of S. mutans. It was concluded that the anodic tretament of Ti cp and TNZT change the surface properties with potential improvements for osseointegration, despite the increase in the adhesion of S. mutans on TNZT.
Mestre
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Neilands, Jessica. "Acid tolerance of Streptococcus mutans biofilms /." [Malmö, Sweden] : Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Oral Biology, 2007. http://www.mah.se/muep.

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Alshammari, Abdulaziz. "IN VITRO EFFECT OF STATINS ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS, STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS, AND STREPTOCOCCUS SALVARIUS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/368075.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart attack, angina, and stroke, is ranked as the number one cause of mortality world wide. High blood cholesterol is linked to CVD and is an important risk factor. Statins – cholesterol lowering drugs- are first choice drugs for reducing the chance of suffering a CVD event. In the USA alone, approximately 32 million individuals take statins. Although randomized control trials of statins have demonstrated their efficacy in preventing CVD, much less information has been reported on their unintended effects. Although not thought of traditionally as antimicrobials, statins have been shown to have antimicrobial effects in vitro. The statins belong to a family of drugs that lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme in the human mevalonate pathway of which cholesterol in the biosynthetic end product. The mevalonate pathway is an important cellular metabolic pathway present in many bacteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of statins against selected strains of oral streptococci, as determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration. A second related objective is to assess the in vitro effect of statins on single species biofilm formation , as determined by binding of the same streptococci to hydroxyapatite pegs. Methods: The effect of statins on S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius was determined by finding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution assays. Simvastatin, pravastatin atorvastatin, and rousuvastatin were used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration was considered to be the lowest concentration of statin that prevented bacterial growth, i.e. a clear test tube. Experiments were repeated twice for each bacterial species. The effect of simvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin on the ability of S. mutans and S. sanguis to form single species biofilm was assayed using sterile microplates and the MBEC Biofilm Inoculator (Innovatech). Results: Two trials indicated that the MIC of simvastatin against the selected oral bacteria was determined to be 15.6 μg/ml for S. mutans and S. sanguis, and 7.8 μg/ml for S. salivarius. The MIC of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin was determined to be 100 μg/ml against all three streptococci, whereas the MIC of pravastatin was even higher (200 μg/ml) against all three streptococci. Likewise, two trials indicated that statins decreased single species biofilm formation by S. mutans and S. sanguis. For simvastatin, biofilm formation was decreased by concentrations eight fold below the MIC . The results were substantiated by spectrophotometric assay . For atorvastatin and pravastatin, biofilm formation was decreased by concentrations 3-4 fold below the MIC. Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate the in vitro antimicrobial effect of statins on S. mutans, S.sanguis, and S. salivarius. The data indicate that the statins inhibit growth of the test organisms with MIC’s ranging from 7.8-200 μg/ml. Simvastatin has in vitro efficacy against the specific strains of bacteria used in this study at concentrations slightly less than the observed MIC’s of 15.6-7.8 μg/ml . The MIC’s for atorvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin are much higher than simvastatin, in the range of 100-200 μg/ml . The effects of statins on biofilm parallels the effect on growth of the bacteria.
Temple University--Theses
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Branting, Christina. "Studies on S̲t̲r̲e̲p̲t̲o̲c̲o̲c̲c̲u̲s̲ m̲u̲t̲a̲n̲s̲ glucans with special reference to cell adhesion." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18171129.html.

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Books on the topic "Streptococcus mutans"

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Harmandayan, Rita. Transformation of Streptococcus mutans by electroporation. [Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1990.

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Shigeyuki, Hamada, ed. Molecular microbiology and immunobiology of Streptococcus Mutans ; proceedings of an International Conference on "Cellular, Molecular, and Clinical Aspects of Streptococcus Mutans" held in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, on September 18-20, 1985. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986.

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Hanna, Michael N. Molecular mechanisms involved in the acid tolerance response of Streptococcus mutans. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Twetman, Svante. Antibacterial effects of human salivary lysozyme with special reference to Streptococcus mutans. Stockholm: Departments of Pedodontics and Oral Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, 1985.

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Branting, Christina. Studies on S øt ør øe øp øt øo øc øo øc øc øu øs ø m øu øt øa øn øs ø glucans with special reference to cell adhesion. Stockholm: Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988.

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Zarrabian, Shirin. Development of improved slow-release dental varnish formulations effective against streptococcus mutans in vitro. [Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1992.

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Zarrabian, Shirin. Development of improved slow-release dental varnish formulations effective against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Wang, Dongsheng. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Streptococcus mutans gene encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Wang, Dongsheng. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a streptococcus mutans gene encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein. [Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1992.

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Newsholme, Heather Dawn Bickell. Influence of a substituted guar gum on the adshesion of streptococcus mutans to glass and hydroxylapatite. Salford: University of Salford, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Streptococcus mutans"

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Nakano, Kazuhiko, Ichiro Nakagawa, Satu Alaluusua, and Takashi Ooshima. "Molecular Typing of Streptococcus mutans." In Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections, 127–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_9.

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Lewis, C. R., and R. R. B. Russell. "Chromosomal Deletions in Streptococcus mutans." In Streptococci and the Host, 677–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_158.

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Lemos, J. A., S. R. Palmer, L. Zeng, Z. T. Wen, J. K. Kajfasz, I. A. Freires, J. Abranches, and L. J. Brady. "The Biology of Streptococcus mutans." In Gram-Positive Pathogens, 435–48. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781683670131.ch27.

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Curtiss, R. "Genetic Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Virulence." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 253–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70586-1_14.

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Lion, Christine, A. Lozniewski, M. Weissenbach, and M. Weber. "“Streptococcus mutans” Group in Human Saliva." In Streptococci and the Host, 173–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_42.

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Kuramitsu, Howard K. "The Virulence Properties of Streptococcus mutans." In Gram-Positive Pathogens, 340–46. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816513.ch28.

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Ajdic, Dragana, and Joseph J. Ferretti. "Regulation of the Galactose Operon of Streptococcus mutans." In Streptococci and the Host, 1015–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_239.

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Spatafora, Grace A., and Meagan W. Moore. "Growth of Streptococcus mutans in an iron-limiting medium." In Methods for studying the genetics, molecular biology, physiology, and pathogenesis of the streptococci, 217–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2258-2_24.

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Haas, Wolfgang, and Jeffrey A. Banas. "The Glucan Binding Domain of the Streptococcus mutans Glucan Binding Protein." In Streptococci and the Host, 707–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_165.

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King, William F., Tsute Chen, Ruchele Nogueira, Renata Mattos-Graner, and Daniel J. Smith. "Epitopes shared among pioneer oral flora and Streptococcus mutans GbpB." In Interface Oral Health Science 2009, 416–17. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99644-6_119.

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Conference papers on the topic "Streptococcus mutans"

1

Tek, Erhan, and Nizami Duran. "Efficacy of Capsaicin on Cell Adhesion and Invasion of Oral Pathogens." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iii.19.

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Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans are important human pathogens and their infections in the mouth, mouth, and throat are important. Prophylaxis against oral and respiratory tract infections is of great importance in terms of both reducing the use of antibiotics and lowering the infection frequency. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Capsaicin against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. pyogenes. Non-cytotoxic concentration of Capsaicin was determined in the Vero cell line by the MTT method. Efficacy studies were performed within these determined non-cytotoxic concentrations. The efficacy of single and different combinations of these three biological components on cell adhesion and invasion. The non-toxic concentration of capsaicin on Vero cells was <1.35 µg/ml. Capsaicin exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes, S. mutans, and C. albicans. Moreover, capsaicin was statistically significantly effective against host cell adhesion and invasion against S. mutans, S. pyogenes and C. albicans compared to the control group. The results showed that capsaicin is a highly potent antibacterial agent against S. pyogenes, and S. mutans, as well as an important prophylactic agent for fungal infections. As a result, we think that capsaicin is a useful molecule for the provision and maintenance of both respiratory diseases and oral health.
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Rago, I., A. Bregnocchi, E. Zanni, A. G. D'Aloia, F. De Angelis, M. Bossu, G. De Bellis, A. Polimeni, D. Uccelletti, and M. S. Sarto. "Antimicrobial activity of graphene nanoplatelets against Streptococcus mutans." In 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2015.7388945.

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Beier, Brooke D., Robert G. Quivey, and Andrew J. Berger. "Confocal Raman Microscopy of Streptococcus Sanguis and Mutans." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2008.fwd6.

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Beier, Brooke D., Robert G. Quivey, and Andrew J. Berger. "Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy of Streptococcus sanguis and mutans." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2010.ftuf7.

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Astuti, Suryani Dyah, A. Zaidan, Ernie Maduratna Setiawati, and Suhariningsih. "Chlorophyll mediated photodynamic inactivation of blue laser on Streptococcus mutans." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES (ICOWOBAS 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943353.

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Burns, Tracy, Michael Wilson, and G. J. Pearson. "Mechanism of killing of streptococcus mutans by light-activated drugs." In BiOS Europe '95, edited by Benjamin Ehrenberg, Giulio Jori, and Johan Moan. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.230944.

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Soekanto, Sri Angky, Saly Salim Alatas, Rima Ristanti, Ferry P. Gultom, and Muhamad Sahlan. "Efficacy of propolis fluoride in inhibiting the formation of Streptoccocus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF MATHEMATICS (SICME2019). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5096712.

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Chismirina, Santi, Suzanna Sungkar, Ridha Andayani, Sri Rezeki, and Darmawi. "Existence of Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus in Oral Cavity as Main Cariogenc Bacteria of Dental Caries." In 1st Aceh International Dental Meeting (AIDEM 2019), Oral Health International Conference On Art, Nature And Material Science Development 2019. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210201.020.

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Gegiu, Gabriela. "STUDY REGARDING THE EFFECT OF PRUNUS SPINOSA SPECIES ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b11/s2.121.

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Sui, Lei, Pingting Wang, Rui Li, and Changyi Li. "Antibacterial Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Prepared Tooth Structure Contaminated with Streptococcus mutans." In 2009 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics. IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sopo.2009.5230128.

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