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Academic literature on the topic 'Streptococcal infections'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

1

Skripchenko, N. V., G. F. Zheleznikova, A. A. Alekseeva, E. Y. Skripchenko, G. P. Ivanova, and T. V. Bessonova. "Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe clinical forms of streptococcal infection in children." Infekcionnye bolezni 21, no. 3 (2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2023-3-81-94.

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Currently, there is a significant increase in the morbidity of streptococcal infections, including the severe cases with a fatal outcomes. In this article we show the general information on the modern features of diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Infections), pathogenicity factors of the microbe and its strain diversity. Various aspects of immunopathogenesis in various clinical forms of streptococcal infection, such as tonsillitis, acute rheumatic fever, toxic shock syndrome, neurological and myocardial complications are discussed. The issues of association between the severe course of GAS infection against the background of previous chickenpox, influenza, infectious mononucleosis are described. Possible mechanisms of interaction of pathogens in combined virus-streptococcal infection are presented. The ways of avoiding streptococcus from the host's protective reactions, the features of the innate and adaptive immune response in various clinical forms of streptococcal infections, as well as the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of severe disease in children are reflected. The tactics of pathogenetic therapy using the medicine of complex action cytoflavin, which allows optimizing the course of generalized streptococcal infection, is noted. Key words: streptococcal infections, viruses, immunopathogenesis, clinic, cytoflavin, strains

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Huang, Allen R., and Dalius J. Briedis. "Group C Streptococcal Endocarditis Presenting as Clinical Meningitis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, no. 5 (1992): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/597941.

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Lancefield group C streptococci are known to be pathogenic in a number of animal species, but cause human disease much less commonly than do streptococci of scrogroups A or B. Reported cases of bacteremic infection, pneumonia or meningitis in humans have been very severe with a grave prognosis. The authors describe a patient who presented with classic clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial meningitis which proved to be a complication of endocarditis caused by a group C streptococcus. This is the first reported case in which meningitis was the presenting manifestation of group C streptococcal endocarditis and is only the second case in which group C streptococcal meningitis and endocarditis have been associated in the same patient. A total of 13 cases of group C streptococcal meningitis have now been reported in the medical literature. Five of these patients died, and four others recovered only to be left with neurological sequelae. The current case confirms the seriousness of group C streptococcal infections in humans. Such infections are associated with a poor prognosis despite apparently adequate antimicrobial therapy.

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Miller, Craig W., John F. Prescott, Karol A. Mathews, Stephen D. Betschel, J. A. Yager, Veena Guru, L. DeWinter, and Donald E. Low. "Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 8 (October 15, 1996): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.08.1421.

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Objective To determine the clinical, pathologic, and bacteriologic findings in dogs that developed severe invasive infections with group G streptococci (GGS) over a 6-month period in southern Ontario. Design Prospective case series. Animals 7 dogs in southern Ontario with severe streptococcal infection during a 6-month period. Procedure Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, molecular typing of streptococcal isolates was performed. Isolates were examined for the M protein gene emm1.0, pyrogenic exotoxin genes speA, speB, speF, hyaluronic acid synthase genes hasA, hasB, and for C5a peptidase gene scpA by use of DNA probes or polymerase chain reaction. Results 3 dogs with streptococcal shock without necrotizing fasciitis died or were euthanatized within 48 hours of admission, whereas 4 dogs with streptococcal shock and necrotizing fasciitis survived following surgical debridement, supportive medical treatment, and treatment with antibiotics. Of the 6 Lancefield group G streptococcal isolates available for characterization, 5 were Streptococcus canis and 1 had characteristics of group G streptococcal strains of human origin. Results of molecular typing indicated that isolates were unrelated to each other. Examination of the canine isolates for putative virulence genes found in human group A streptococci resulted in identification of the the emm1.0 gene only in 1 of the isolates. The canine isolates otherwise lacked virulence genes associated with human group A streptococcal toxic shock infections. Clinical Implications The development of severe invasive infection in dogs resulting from GGS indicates that a virulent form of GGS has developed in southern Ontario. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1421–1426)

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Tjiu Ritonga, Christian Martin. "Group A Streptococcus Infection in Children : Literature Review." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 11, no. 11 (November 23, 2023): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i11.mp03.

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Streptococci are a large and diverse group of gram-positive cocci that grow in pairs or chains. Invasive group A Streptococcus infection (GAS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanism for spreading Streptococcus from one person to another and one part of the body to another part of the body varies according to the clinical manifestations of the infection. Group A Streptococcus infection, consisting of non-invasive gas infection and invasive gas infection. Generally, for non-severe infections due to group A Streptococcus is good with very low morbidity and mortality rates. On the other hand, the more invasive and severe infections caused by group A Streptococcus carry with them significant mortality and morbidity rates. The purpose of writing this literature review is to improve understanding and treatment of group A streptococcal infections in children so that the mortality and morbidity associated with this infection can be reduced.

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Numberger, Daniela, Ursula Siebert, Marcus Fulde, and Peter Valentin-Weigand. "Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020350.

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Marine mammals are sentinels for the marine ecosystem and threatened by numerous factors including infectious diseases. One of the most frequently isolated bacteria are beta-hemolytic streptococci. However, knowledge on ecology and epidemiology of streptococcal species in marine mammals is very limited. This review summarizes published reports on streptococcal species, which have been detected in marine mammals. Furthermore, we discuss streptococcal transmission between and adaptation to their marine mammalian hosts. We conclude that streptococci colonize and/or infect marine mammals very frequently, but in many cases, streptococci isolated from marine mammals have not been further identified. How these bacteria disseminate and adapt to their specific niches can only be speculated due to the lack of respective research. Considering the relevance of pathogenic streptococci for marine mammals as part of the marine ecosystem, it seems that they have been neglected and should receive scientific interest in the future.

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Liao, Pei-Chih, Yi-Lun Tsai, Yao-Chung Chen, Pei-Chi Wang, Shu-Chu Liu, and Shih-Chu Chen. "Analysis of Streptococcal Infection and Correlation with Climatic Factors in Cultured Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in Taiwan." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10114018.

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Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), a prominent warm water food fish, is one of the major fish species grown in the aquaculture industry in south-east Asia. Tilapia can tolerate adverse water quality and other stressors, like diverse salinity and fluctuation of pH value, better than most other commercial aquaculture species. Environmental fluctuations are one of the main factors that affect the outbreak of infectious diseases in cultured tilapia. Cultured tilapia in Taiwan appears to be more susceptible to infections caused by Streptococci during the summer season. The present study emphasizes the Streptococcus spp. infection in tilapia in Taiwan and is the first study on the analysis of the potential impact of climate change on streptococcal infection in cultured tilapia in Asia. The data collected from the treatment and diagnosis system (TDS) of the aquatic animal diseases database from 2006 to 2015 were used to analyze the endemic streptococcal infection and the effect of climatic factors. Based on the results, the factor, average atmospheric pressure, is negatively correlated to streptococcal infection, while the other three, including average temperature, ultraviolet (UV) index, and rainfall, are positively correlated to streptococcal infection. A multivariate logistic regression model with these four factors was also built. When the average temperature is above 27.0 °C, the average atmospheric pressure is lower than 1005.1 hPa, or the UV index is above 7.2, the percentage of cumulated positive farms from all submitted tilapia cases was more than 50%. In addition, within 3 days of rain, rainfall is relevant to the occurrence of Streptococcus in tilapia. Using TDS to alert the occurrence of streptococcal infection in tilapia can be a very useful tool for veterinary aquatic animal inspection stations, and reducing economic losses and labour costs in aquatic agriculture.

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Santalova, G. V., P. A. Lebedev, A. A. Garanin, A. V. Lyamin, and M. E. Kuzin. "Cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of infection caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 5, no. 1 (2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-1-63-71.

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Infection caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is characterized by significant diversity of clinical presentations accounted for by different GABHS strains and individual patients’ predisposition to immune inflammation. This paper reviews current data on streptococcal infection and poststreptococcal cardiac and non-cardiac complications and describes early diagnostic tools. Superficial infections are the most common forms (particularly in pediatrics) manifested as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis, or sinusitis. Invasive infections (pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis) are potentially lethal conditions accompanied by bacteremia and generalized inflammation. Strains producing exotoxins (GABHS superantigens) provoke scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The primary burden of cardiac complications of GABHS infections is still chronic rheumatic heart disease resulting from undiagnosed and untreated acute rheumatic fever. Valvulitis underlying cardiac complications have a subclinical course, requiring echocardiography to establish the diagnosis. Antibacterial treatment with β-lactam antibiotics as a first-line treatment for GABHS infection and prevention of cardiac and non-cardiac complications increase the relevance of early etiological diagnosis. These tools are clinical syndrome scale, culture, and rapid diagnostic tests based on streptococcal DNA and antigen detection. KEYWORDS: group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus, manifestations and complications of streptococcal infections, acute rheumatic fever, chronic rheumatic heart disease. FOR CITATION: Santalova G.V., Lebedev P.A., Garanin A.A. et al. Cardiac and non-cardiac manifestations of infection caused bygroup A β-hemolytic Streptococcus. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(1):63–71 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-1-63-71.

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Santos, Joana Eugénio, Catuxa Rodríguez Magariños, Leticia García Gago, Daniela Astudillo Jarrín, Sonia Pértega, Ana Rodríguez-Carmona, Teresa García Falcón, and Miguel Pérez Fontán. "Long-term trends in the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis disclose an increasing relevance of streptococcal infections: A longitudinal study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): e0244283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244283.

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Background The selective impact of strategies for prevention of PD-related peritonitis (PDrP) may have modified, in the long term, the causal spectrum, clinical presentation and outcomes of these infections. Objectives To compare trends in the incidence of PDrP by different microorganisms during a 30-year period, with a particular focus on streptococcal infections. To analyze the clinical presentation and outcomes of these infections. Secondarily, to investigate how the isolation of different species of streptococci can influence the clinical course of PDrP by this genus of bacteria. Method Following a retrospective, observational design we investigated 1061 PDrP (1990–2019). We used joinpoint regression analysis to explore trends in the incidence of PDrP by different microorganisms, and compared the risk profile (Cox), clinical presentation and outcomes (logistic regression) of these infections. Main results Our data showed a progressive decline in the incidence of PDrP by staphylococci and Gram negative bacteria, while the absolute rates of streptococcal (average annual percent change +1.6%, 95% CI -0.1/+3.2) and polymicrobial (+1.8%, +0.1/+3.5) infections tended to increase, during the same period. Remarkably, streptococci were isolated in 58.6% of polymicrobial infections, and patients who suffered a streptococcal PDrP had a 35.8% chance of presenting at least one other infection by the same genus. The risk profile for streptococcal infections was comparable to that observed for PDrP overall. Streptococcal PDrP were associated with a severe initial inflammatory response, but their clinical course was generally nonaggressive thereafter. We did not observe a differential effect of different groups of streptococci on the clinical presentation or outcome of PDrP. Conclusions Time trends in the incidence of PDrP by different microorganisms have granted streptococci an increasing relevance as causative agents of these infections, during the last three decades. This behaviour suggests that current measures of prevention of PDrP may not be sufficiently effective, in the case of this genus of microorganisms.

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Bronze, M. S., D. S. McKinsey, E. H. Beachey, and J. B. Dale. "Protective immunity evoked by locally administered group A streptococcal vaccines in mice." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 8 (October 15, 1988): 2767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.8.2767.

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Abstract The present studies were undertaken to determine the pathogenicity of group A streptococci introduced intranasally (i.n.) into mice in an attempt to mimic mucosal infections in humans and to determine the efficacy of streptococcal vaccines administered via the mucosal route. The LD50 of type 24 streptococci (M24 strep) administered i.n. was 3 x 10(4) CFU. Throat cultures were performed in M24 strep-inoculated mice. Of 11 mice that died, 9 had positive throat cultures 3 or 4 days after i.n. challenge, and of 9 mice that survived, only 1 had a positive throat culture, indicating an association between mucosal infection and death. Postmortem examination performed on 35 mice that died after i.n. challenge showed that all had evidence of disseminated infections, and group A streptococci were recovered from the cervical lymph nodes, blood, spleen, liver, and brain. To determine vaccine efficacy, heat-killed M24 strep or pep M24 were administered i.n. to groups of mice. Whole, heat-killed streptococci and pep M24 administered locally protected mice against death from i.n. challenge infections with homologous M24 strep. The whole cell vaccine also protected against i.n. challenge infections with heterologous type 6 streptococci. Our data suggest that streptococcal vaccines administered locally evoke protective immunity against streptococcal infections.

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Dos Santos, Maria Virginia, Sebastian Meller, Carsten Perka, Andrej Trampuz, and Nora Renz. "IMPACT OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUPPRESSION ON LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF STREPTOCOCCAL PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTIONS." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_17 (November 24, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.17.048.

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AimAntimicrobial suppression has shown to significantly improve treatment success of streptococcal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to 12-week standard antimicrobial therapy, however, only short-term follow-up was investigated. In this study we assessed the impact of suppression on the long-term outcome of streptococcal PJI.MethodConsecutive patients with streptococcal PJI (defined by EBJIS criteria) treated 2009–2021 were prospectively included and allocated into standard and suppression (> 6 months) treatment group. Infection-free survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier-method and compared between the groups with log rank test. Rates of infection-free, streptococcal infection-free and relapse-free status as well as tolerability of suppression were assessed.ResultsSixty-three PJI episodes (36 knee, 26 hip and one shoulder prosthesis) of patients with a median age of 70 (35–87) years were included. Twenty-seven (43%) were females. Predominant pathogens were S. agalactiae (n=20), S. dysgalactiae (n=18) and S. mitis/oralis (n=13). The main surgical procedures used were two-stage exchange (n=35) and prosthesis retention (n=21). Standard 12-week treatment was administered in 33 patients and suppression in 30 patients, of whom 10 had ongoing suppression and 20 had discontinued antibiotics at time of follow-up. Used oral antibiotics for suppression were amoxicillin (n=29), doxycycline (n=5) and clindamycin (n=2); 6 patients changed antibiotic substance due to side effects. The median follow-up time was 3.9 (0.3–13.3) years. Infection-free survival after 7.5 years was 38% with standard treatment and 62% with suppression (p=0.038). Of all failures, 52% (14/27) were due to streptococci. Suppression was effective in preventing streptococcal infection for the duration of antimicrobial treatment, however, after discontinuation relapses or new infections due to streptococci occurred in 5/20 (25%) patients and infection with any Streptococcus spp. was observed in 9/19 (47%) failures with standard treatment, 5/6 (83%) failures after discontinuing suppression and none during suppression. All failures in patients with ongoing suppression were caused by gram-negative rods.ConclusionAt long-term follow-up, the success rate was superior with suppression compared to standard treatment. Most failures after stopping suppression were caused by streptococci, whereas failures under suppression were caused by aerobic gram-negative rods.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

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Flock, Margareta. "Development of a vaccine against strangles /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-500-3/.

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Unnikrishnan, Meera. "Streptococcal superantigens in Group A streptococcal infections." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248185.

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Smith, Jennifer Marie. "Characterization of host-bacteria interactions contributing to group B streptococcus colonization." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=64.

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Ihendyane, Nahla. "Pathogenesis and immunotherapy of streptococcal septicemia and shock /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-599-9/.

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Darenberg, Jessica. "Streptococcus pyogenes infections and toxic shock syndrome : molecular epidemiology and immunotherapy /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-676-X/.

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Law, Vicky Wai-Kee. "Oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children : a longitudinal study /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19176.pdf.

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Westling, Katarina. "Viridans group streptococci septicaemia and endocarditis : molecular diagnostics, antibiotic susceptibility and clinical aspects /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-364-7/.

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Power, Daniel Aaron, and n/a. "Non-culture based studies of the human upper respiratory tract microbiota and preliminary considerations of the influence of bacteriocin producing commensal and pathogenic oral streptococci." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070620.160726.

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The upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans is complex and interconnected region and comprises several major ecosystems including the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx and middle ear. Most of the anatomical locations within the URT are colonised with a normal bacterial microbiota, within which are often organisms having the potential to cause disease. The diseases of the URT are both varied and frequent in their occurrence, and conditions such as otitis media, rhinosinusitis and pharyngitis are sources of morbidity and mortality in adults and children in both developing and developed countries. The study of diseases of the URT has traditionally been based on application of culture-based methods in which the infection-implicated organisms are first grown in vitro and then studied further. Ongoing advances in DNA-based techniques have led to the development of new molecular tools for the study of infectious diseases. One such technique is PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). This is a PCR-based tool that allows the investigation of microbial communities independent of culture. Although this technique has been applied extensively in the study of the gastrointestinal tract, the vagina and endodontic infections in humans, there have been few reports of its application to URT infections. PCR-DGGE was applied in the present study to investigate (a) the bacteria present in the middle ear of children suffering from otitis media with effusion (OME), (b) the microbiota associated with the sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and (c) perioperative changes in the bacterial population of the middle meatus of patients undergoing nasal or sinus surgery. The analysis of the middle ear fluid samples indicated an increased role in OME for the newly-discovered pathogen Alloiococcus otitidis and also the possible involvement of certain coryneform bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci in the aetiology of this condition. PCR-DGGE analysis of patients with CRS revealed a polymicrobial disease with considerable variability in the predominant species detected when multiple, serial samples were evaluated. The perioperative audit showed that when good clinical practice is adhered to, there was no apparent introduction of potentially-harmful organisms into the middle meatus. Streptococcus salivarius is a common, commensal inhabitant of the oral cavity of humans and has also been shown to inhabit the nasopharynx of infants. S. salivarius is also a well known producer of bacteriocins with activity directed against Streptococcus pyogenes. One such strain, S. salivarius K12, is now marketed in New Zealand as the probiotic, K12 Throat Guard[TM]. In the present study, S. salivarius K12 was compared with two additional strongly-inhibitory S. salivarius (strains T18A and T30A) for activity against the common causative pathogens of otitis media. A paediatric formulation of strain K12 was also tested in a pilot clinical trial for its ability to colonise the URT of young children. Although the levels of colonisation of these subjects was not as high as typically obtained with use of the K12 Throat Guard[TM] formulation, it was considered that further development of the paediatric formulation is warranted, particularly with respect to use of a different pre-treatment regimen. In other studies, the molecular basis for the unusual in vitro inhibitory activity of S. salivarius strain T30A was investigated. Although this still remains unresolved, other observations made during the course of this study have led to the introduction of a schema for the division of inhibitory S. salivarius into three groups based on (a) their sensitivity to the lantibiotic salivaricin A and (b) the structure of their salivaricin A genetic locus. This grouping is analogous to the "rock-paper-scissors" system previously described for colicin-producing strains of E. coli. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases in humans. There have been very few reports of bacteriocin production by S. pneumoniae when compared to other streptococcal species. In the present study a putative cluster of bacteriocins encoded by the blp locus has been investigated. The distribution of the individual blp determinants within this locus was evaluated in a collection of S. pneumoniae strains using PCR. The blp genes were detected in 92% of 57 tested strains and a variant form (termed the B-form) of the cluster was identified that appeared to have arisen due to a genetic recombination event. In this case an approximately 250 bp portion of the blpMNO cluster appears to have recombined into blpK of the blpIJK cluster. Attempts were made to express the putative bacteriocin peptide genes in an Escherichia coli expression system. Failure to achieve expression was taken to indicate that these bacteriocin-like peptides may be toxic for the host producer cells under these test conditions. Future attempts to achieve expression of the Blp peptides, could explore the use of different fusion proteins, a Gram-positive expression host or a cell-free protein expression system.

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Wright, Lynda J. "Identification and characterisation of components expressed by gram-positive bacterial pathogens during human infection." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10312/.

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Gram-positive pathogens are responsible for a wide range of global diseases, including nosocomial infections. The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant strains warrants the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat these organisms.

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Sanderson-Smith, Martina Louise. "Investigation of the role of the plasminogen-binding group A streptococcal M-like protein (PAM) in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.125843/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

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Illinois. Department of Public Health. Streptococcal pharyngitis: (strep throat). Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Public Health, 1991.

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Lancefield, International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases (11th 1990 Siena Italy). New perspectives on streptococci and streptococcal infections: Proceedings of the XI Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases, Siena, September 10-14, 1990. Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1992.

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Lancefield, International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases (16th 2005 Palm Cove Australia). Streptococci: New insights into an old enemy. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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Lancefield International Symposium on streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases (9th 1984 Yamanakako-mura, Japan). Recent advances in streptococci and streptococcal diseases: Proceedings of the IXth Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases held in September 1984. Bracknell, Berkshire: Reedbooks, 1985.

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Smith, Tara C. Streptococcus (group A). Edited by Alcamo I. Edward and Heymann David L. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2005.

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R, Johnson Dwight, and World Health Organization, eds. Laboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.

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Verani, Jennifer R. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: Revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. Atlanta, GA: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010.

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L, Stevens Dennis, and Kaplan Edward L, eds. Streptococcal infections: Clinical aspects, microbiology, and molecular pathogenesis. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. The official patient's sourcebook on group A streptococcus infection. Edited by Icon Group International Inc and NetLibrary Inc. San Diego, Calif: Icon Health Publications, 2002.

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Valdivia-Lopez, Meryssa. The presence of Streptococcal bacteria in mouth expirated bloodstains. [San Diego, California]: National University, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

1

Mustafa, Mahmoud M. "Streptococcal Infections." In Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 1045–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_93.

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Gray, Barry M. "Streptococcal Infections." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 673–711. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_35.

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Gray, Barry M. "Streptococcal Infections." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 639–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1211-7_31.

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Gray, Barry M., and Dennis L. Stevens. "Streptococcal Infections." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 743–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09843-2_35.

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Faro, Sebastian. "Streptococcal Infections." In Principles of Medical Therapy in Pregnancy, 441–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2415-7_52.

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Ryan, Raymond W. "Streptococcal Infections: Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococci." In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, 483–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_50.

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Good, M. F., K. S. Sriprakash, and D. J. Kemp. "Vaccine Control Strategies against Group A Streptococcal Infections." In Streptococcal Pharyngitis, 202–14. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076207.

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Cavaillon, Jean-Marc, Heide Müller-Alouf, and Joseph E. Alouf. "Cytokines in Streptococcal Infections." In Streptococci and the Host, 869–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_206.

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Gerber, Michael A. "Group A Streptococcal Infections." In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, 294–301. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_30.

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Gronthoud, Firza Alexander. "Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections." In Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 240–42. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315194080-4-33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

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Regaieg, Chiraz, Manel Charfi, Nour Houda Ben Ayed, Amel Ben Hmed, Ridha Regaieg, Nedia Hmida, Adnen Hamammi, Afef Ben Thabet, and Abdellatif Gargouri. "P453 Neonatal streptococcal B infections." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.789.

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Divya Raj, TG, H. Santosh, and Surbhi Chaturvedi. "589 An unusual case of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections(PANDAS) – diagnostic evaluation, treatment and the remarkable outcome." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.360.

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Tek, Erhan, and Nizami Duran. "Efficacy of Capsaicin on Cell Adhesion and Invasion of Oral Pathogens." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iii.19.

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Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans are important human pathogens and their infections in the mouth, mouth, and throat are important. Prophylaxis against oral and respiratory tract infections is of great importance in terms of both reducing the use of antibiotics and lowering the infection frequency. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Capsaicin against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. pyogenes. Non-cytotoxic concentration of Capsaicin was determined in the Vero cell line by the MTT method. Efficacy studies were performed within these determined non-cytotoxic concentrations. The efficacy of single and different combinations of these three biological components on cell adhesion and invasion. The non-toxic concentration of capsaicin on Vero cells was <1.35 µg/ml. Capsaicin exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes, S. mutans, and C. albicans. Moreover, capsaicin was statistically significantly effective against host cell adhesion and invasion against S. mutans, S. pyogenes and C. albicans compared to the control group. The results showed that capsaicin is a highly potent antibacterial agent against S. pyogenes, and S. mutans, as well as an important prophylactic agent for fungal infections. As a result, we think that capsaicin is a useful molecule for the provision and maintenance of both respiratory diseases and oral health.

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Brealey, Jaelle, Peter Sly, Paul Young, and Keith Chappell. "LSC Abstract – Clinical significance of streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection during respiratory syncytial virus infections in young children." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pp138.

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Buiting, A. G. M., J. Thomson, J. J. Emeis, H. Mattie, E. J. P. Brommer, and R. Van Furth. "EFFECT OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (t-PA) ON BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643742.

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In bacterial endocarditis the causing microorganisms are located in a fibrin-platelet matrix, making them less accessible to host-defence mechanisms and antibiotic therapy. Trombolytic treatment could break down the fibrin of these endocardial vegetations and thus eliminate the focus of infection. This approach was studied in vitroand in vivo using recombinant t-PA (rt-PA,Wellcome Biotech) having a fibrinolytic activity comparable with melanoma t-PA. The following results were obtained.1.Incubation of Streptococcus sanguis infected plasma clots in the presence of t-PA resulted in lysis of the clots as evidenced by a significant decrease in the weight of the clots and by an increase in the number of streptococci in the medium.No effect of t-PA was found on the antimicrobial action of penicillin G (PenG)onthe streptococci in the non-lysed part ofthe clots.2. Vegetations isolated from the heart of rabbits with a S. sanguis endocarditis,incubated in medium with t-PA were also lysed. This resulted in a rise in the mediumof both the number of bacteria and the concentration of fibrin degradation products.3.Treatment of rabbits with a S. sanguis endocarditis using a combination of rt-PA, given as bolus injections at one hour intervals (4x0.5 or 4x1 mg per kg/day), andPenG decreased the weight of the endocardial vegetations significantly compared toa control group treated with PenGonly (43.3 and 81.8 mg respectively). No additional decrease in weight was obtained with repeated administration of t-PA at daily intervals up to 2 days. The significant decrease of the number of streptococci per gram of vegetation as a result of the treatmentwith PenG was not influenced by t-PA. Treatment with 4x1 mg t-PA per kg caused a small decrease (about 30%) in the plasma concentration of plasminogen, fibrinogen and aα2~antiplasmin.However, no bleeding complications were observed.In conclusion rt-PA can influence the treatment of bacterial endocarditis in rabbits by decreasing the size of the vegetations but not by influencing antimicrobial action on the bacteria in the non-lysed part of the vegetation.

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Bushueva, T. V., N. A. Roslay, and A. K. Labzova. "THE USE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN ORDER TO FORM AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED GROUP FOR VACCINATION AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-97-101.

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Abstract: Pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people over 60 years of age and workers in some professional groups. According to the medical literature, the frequency of invasive forms of pneumococcal infection among people of working age is 3.8 per 100,000 population. Increased susceptibility to colonization of the respiratory tract and subsequent morbidity may be due to concomitant pathology, exposure to immunocompromising, including harmful production factors. It should be noted that the source of the pathogen is not only sick people, but also healthy carriers. The level of asymptomatic colonization in the adult population is 5-7%, and in families with children increases to 30%. Vaccination is a way to effectively prevent respiratory diseases caused by this infection. The purpose of our study is to substantiate immunological indications for the formation of immunocompromised groups among workers exposed to the aerogenic factor at work for subsequent vaccination against pneumococcal infection. Results: It has been shown that low bactericidal activity of neutrophils (NBT-test) and a high level of secretory immunoglobulin can be used as a marker of immunodeficiency in workers of a ferrous metallurgy enterprise. When a doctor assesses the immune status of workers, he needs to take into account the presence of diseases that are part of the groups of immunological syndrome complexes (infectious-inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, immunoproliferative) and the composition of industrial aerosols

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de Souza Rastelli, Alessandra Nara, Priscila Borges Gobbo de Melo, Jessica Katarine de Abreu Silva, João Felipe Besegato, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "Effect of photodynamic inactivation associated with ultrasound on Streptococcus mutans biofilm (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509695.

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de Souza Rastelli, Alessandra Nara, Diego Dantas Lopes dos Santos, João Felipe Bessegato, Joao Augusto Oshiro, Marlus Chorilli, and Vanderlei S. Bagnato. "Photodynamic inactivation using curcumin-loaded Pluronic® F-127 over Streptococcus mutans biofilm (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2020, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2545296.

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Tsaprouni, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki Melikoki, and Evridiki Vouloumanou. "P396 Kawasaki disease and group a streptococcal infection: a case report." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.742.

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Moore, Michael. "Exploring Diagnostic Strategies for Streptococcal Throat Infection Remotely: A Feasibility Study." In NAPCRG 50th Annual Meeting — Abstracts of Completed Research 2022. American Academy of Family Physicians, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.21.s1.4003.

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Reports on the topic "Streptococcal infections"

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Bercovier, Herve, and Paul Frelier. Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia: Rapid Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568776.bard.

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Within the project "Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia", gram positive cocci pathogens of fish in Israel and in the United States were characterized. We showed that Streptococcus shiloi, the name for an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae and that Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningo-encephalitis in fish. Molecular epidemiology studies on these two pathogens, based on 16S rDNA sequences and ribotyping showed that although each country had specific clones, S. iniae originated probably from the U.S. and L. garvieae from Japan. PCR assays were developed for both pathogens and applied to clinical samples. S. agalactiael S. difficile was also recognized for the first time in the U.S. in tilapia. Our histopathological studies explained the noted paradox (abundant in vitro growth often accompanied by scant to small numbers of organisms within the meninges in histologic sections of brain) in diagnostic of fish streptococcus. The greatest concentration of cocci were consistently observed within macrophages infiltrating the extrameningeal fibroadipose tissue surrounding the brain within the calvarium. These results also suggests that the primary route of meningeal infection may be extension from the extrameningeal connective tissue rather than meningeal vascular emigration of cocci-containing macrophages. Our work has resulted in a cognizance of streptococcus as fish pathogen which goes beyond the pathology observed in tilapia and is already extended to many aquaculture fish species in Israel and in the United States. Finally, our data suggest that vaccines (bivalent or trivalent) could be developed to prevent most of the damages caused by streptococcus in aquaculture.

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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.

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Evans, Donald L., Avigdor Eldar, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, and Herve Bercovier. Streptococcus Iniae Infection in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Towards the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586538.bard.

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The objectives of the BARD proposal were to determine the mechanisms of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) that are necessary to provide heightened innate resistance to infection and to identify the antigenic determinants in Streptococcus iniae that are best suited for vaccine development. Our central hypothesis was that anti-bacterial immunity in trout and tilapia can only be acquired by combining "innate" NCC responses with antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens. These Objectives were accomplished by experiments delineated by the following Specific Aims: Specific aim (SA) #1 (USA) "Clone and Identify the Apoptosis Regulatory Genes in NCC"; Specific aim #2 (USA)"Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae"; Specific aim #3 (Israel) "Characterize the Biological Properties of the S. iniae Capsular Polysaccharide"; and Specific aim #4 (Israel) "Development of an Acellular Vaccine". Our model of S. iniae pathogenesis encompassed two approaches, identify apoptosis regulatory genes and proteins in tilapia that affected NCC activities (USA group) and determine the participation of S.iniae capsular polysaccharides as potential immunogens for the development of an acellular vaccine (Israel group). We previously established that it was possible to immunize tilapia and trout against experimental S. difficile/iniaeinfections. However these studies indicated that antibody responses in protected fish were short lived (3-4 months). Thus available vaccines were useful for short-term protection only. To address the issues of regulation of pathogenesis and immunogens of S. iniae, we have emphasized the role of the innate immune response regarding activation of NCC and mechanisms of invasiveness. Considerable progress was made toward accomplishing SA #1. We have cloned the cDNA of the following tilapia genes: cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS/AF547173»; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF / A Y 428948); and nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide (NACA/ A Y168640). Similar attempts were made to sequence the tilapia FasLgene/cDNA, however these experiments were not successful. Aim #2 was to "Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae." To accomplish this, a new membrane receptor has been identified that may control innate responses (including apoptosis) of NCC to S. iniae. The receptor is a membrane protein on teleost NCC. This protein (NCC cationic antimicrobial protein-1/ncamp-1/AAQ99138) has been sequenced and the cDNA cloned (A Y324398). In recombinant form, ncamp-l kills S. iniae in vitro. Specific aim 3 ("Characterize the Biological Properties of the S.iniae Capsular Polysaccharide") utilized an in- vitro model using rainbow trout primary skin epithelial cell mono layers. These experiments demonstrated colonization into epithelial cells followed by a rapid decline of viable intracellular bacteria and translocation out of the cell. This pathogenesis model suggested that the bacterium escapes the endosome and translocates through the rainbow trout skin barrier to further invade and infect the host. Specific aim #4 ("Development of an Acellular Vaccine") was not specifically addressed. These studies demonstrated that several different apoptotic regulatory genes/proteins are expressed by tilapia NCC. These are the first studies demonstrating that such factors exist in tilapia. Because tilapia NCC bind to and are activated by S. iniae bacterial DNA, we predict that the apoptotic regulatory activity of S. iniae previously demonstrated by our group may be associated with innate antibacterial responses in tilapia.

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Evidence Update for Clinicians: Narrow- versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/eu5.2018.10.

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Comparing Narrow- vs. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. The choice of antibiotic to treat acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections in children can affect both symptom resolution and the risk of side effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. The findings of a PCORI-funded study published in JAMA can help clinicians treating children for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs)—including acute otitis media, Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and acute sinusitis—make decisions with parents about the medicine that is best for the child. The study, led by Jeffrey Gerber, a pediatrician and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, included 30,086 children ages 6 months to 12 years taking narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat ARTIs.

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