Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stream temperature

Academic literature on the topic 'Stream temperature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Johnson, Sherri L. "Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-040.

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The temperature of stream water is an important control of many in-stream processes. To better understand the processes and consequences of solar energy inputs to streams, stream temperature dynamics were examined before, during, and after experimental shading of a 150-m reach of a second-order stream in the Oregon Cascade Range. Maximum water temperatures declined significantly in the shaded reach, but minimum and mean temperatures were not modified. Heat budget calculations before shading show the dominance of solar energy as an influence of stream temperature. The influence of substrate type on stream temperature was examined separately where the water flowed first over bedrock and then through alluvial substrates. Maximum temperatures in the upstream bedrock reach were up to 8.6 °C higher and 3.4 °C lower than downstream in the alluvial reach. Better understanding of factors that influence not only maximum but minimum temperatures as well as diurnal temperature variation will highlight types of reaches in which stream temperature would be most responsive to changes in shading. Many apparent discrepancies in stream temperature literature can be explained by considering variation in the relative importance of different stream temperature drivers within and among streams and over time.
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Kristensen, P. B., E. A. Kristensen, T. Riis, A. J. Baisner, S. E. Larsen, P. F. M. Verdonschot, and A. Baattrup-Pedersen. "Riparian forest as a management tool for moderating future thermal conditions of lowland temperate streams." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2013): 6081–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-6081-2013.

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Abstract. Predictions of the future climate infer that stream water temperatures may increase in temperate lowland areas and that streams without riparian forest will be particularly prone to elevated stream water temperature. Planting of riparian forest is a potential mitigation measure to reduce water temperatures for the benefit of stream organisms. However, no studies have yet determined the length of a forested reach required to obtain a significant temperature decrease. To investigate this we measured the temperature in five small Danish lowland streams from June 2010 to July 2011, all showing a sharp transition between an upstream open reach and a downstream forested reach. In all stream reaches we also measured canopy cover and a range of physical variables characterizing the streams reaches. This allowed us to analyse differences in mean daily temperature and amplitude per month among forested and open sections as well as to study annual temperature regimes and the influence of physical conditions on temperature changes. Stream water temperature in the open reaches was affected by heating, and in July we observed an increase in temperature over the entire length of the investigated reaches, reaching temperatures higher than the incipient lethal limit for brown trout. Along the forest reaches a significant decrease in July temperatures was recorded immediately (100 m) when the stream moved into the forested area. In three of our study streams the temperature continued to decrease the longer the stream entered into the forested reach, and the temperature decline did not reach a plateau. The temperature increases along the open reaches were accompanied by stronger daily temperature variation; however, when the streams entered into the forest, the range in daily variation decreased. Multiple regression analysis of the combined effects on stream water temperature of canopy cover, Width/Depth ratio, discharge, current velocity and water temperature revealed that canopy cover and Width/Depth were the two variables responsible for the reduced temperature observed when the streams enter the forest. In consequence, we conclude that even relatively short stretches (100–500 m) of forest alongside streams may combat the negative effects of heating of stream water and that forest planting can be a useful mitigation measure.
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Murphy, Robert D., John A. Hagan, Bradley P. Harris, Suresh A. Sethi, T. Scott Smeltz, and Felipe Restrepo. "Can Landsat Thermal Imagery and Environmental Data Accurately Estimate Water Temperatures in Small Streams?" Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-048.

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Abstract The ability to monitor water temperature is important for assessing changes in riverine ecosystems resulting from climate warming. Direct in situ water temperature collection efforts provide point samples but are cost-prohibitive for characterizing stream temperatures across large spatial scales, especially for small, remote streams. In contrast, satellite thermal infrared imagery may provide a spatially extensive means of monitoring riverine water temperatures; however, researchers do not have a good understanding of the accuracy of these remotely sensed temperatures for small streams. Here, we investigated the utility of Landsat 8 thermal infrared imagery and both local and regional environmental variables to estimate subsurface temperatures in high-latitude small streams (2–30 m wetted width) from a test watershed in southcentral Alaska. Our results suggested that Landsat-based surface temperatures were biased high, and the degree of bias varied with hydrological and meteorological factors. However, with limited in-stream validation work, results indicated it is possible to reconstruct average in situ water temperatures for small streams at regional scales using a regression modelling framework coupled with publicly available Landsat or air temperature information. Generalized additive models built from stream stage information from a single gage and air temperatures from a single weather station in the drainage fit to a limited set of in situ temperature recordings could estimate average stream temperatures at the watershed level with reasonable accuracy (root mean square error = 2.4°C). Landsat information did track closely with regional air temperatures and we could also incorporate it into a regression model as a substitute for air temperature to estimate in situ stream temperatures at watershed scales. Importantly, however, while average watershed-scale stream temperatures may be predictable, site-level estimates did not improve with the use of Landsat information or other local covariates, indicating that additional information may be necessary to generate accurate spatially explicit temperature predictions for small order streams.
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Bourque, C. P. A., and J. H. Pomeroy. "Effects of forest harvesting on summer stream temperatures in New Brunswick, Canada: an inter-catchment, multiple-year comparison." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2001): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-599-2001.

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Abstract. This paper presents a pre- and post-harvest comparison of stream temperatures collected in five neighbouring streams (sub-catchments) over a period of five years (1994-1998). The aim of the study was to determine whether land cover changes from clear cutting in areas outside forest buffer zones (applied to streams >0.5 m wide) might contribute to an increase in summer mean stream temperatures in buffered streams downslope by infusion of warmed surface and sub-surface water into the streams. Specific relationships were observed in all five forest streams investigated. To assist in the analysis, several spatially-relevant variables, such as land cover change, mid-summer potential solar radiation, flow accumulation, stream location and slope of the land were determined, in part, from existing aerial photographs, GIS-archived forest inventory data and a digital terrain model of the study area. Spatial calculations of insolation levels for July 15th were used as an index of mid-summer solar heating across sub-catchments. Analysis indicated that prior to the 1995 harvest, differences in stream temperature could be attributed to (i) topographic position and catchment-to-sun orientation, (ii) the level of cutting that occurred in the upper catchment prior to the start of the study, and (iii) the average slope within harvested areas. Compared to the pre-harvest mean stream temperatures in 1994, mean temperatures in the three streams downslope from the 1995 harvest areas increased by 0.3 to 0.7°C (representing a 4-8% increase; p-value of normalised temperatures <<0.05). The greatest temperature change occurred in the stream that had the greatest proportion of its upper catchment harvested (16.8%), which also had the highest calculated potential solar loading ( ~2749 MJ per stream cell). From the analysis it was determined that the thinning applied to the forest buffer of that stream, with a basal area removal of ~28%, was insufficient to cause significant change in the observed stream temperature. Similar effects were observed following a second harvest in 1997. In general, increases in mean stream temperature coincided with forest harvesting activities outside forest buffers, where conditions promoting stream warming were greatest. In this study, no clear relationship existed between forest buffer strip width (ranging from 30-60 m) and the level of stream warming observed at the monitoring stations. Keywords: terrain attributes, solar radiation, land cover, forest buffers, New Brunswick regulations, spatial modelling, DEM, forest covertypes
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Joughin, Ian R., Slawek Tulaczyk, and Hermann F. Engelhardt. "Basal melt beneath Whillans Ice Stream and Ice Streams A and C, West Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 36 (2003): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781816130.

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AbstractWe have used a recently derived map of the velocity of Whillans Ice Stream and Ice Streams A and C, West Antarctica, to help estimate basal melt. Ice temperature was modeled with a simple vertical advection–diffusion equation,“tuned” to match temperature profiles. We find that most of the melt occurs beneath the tributaries, where larger basal shear stresses and thicker ice favor greater melt (e.g. 10–20mm a−1). The occurrence of basal freezing is predicted beneath much of the ice plains of Ice Stream C andWhillans Ice Stream. Modeled melt rates for when Ice Stream C was active suggest there was enough meltwater generated in its tributaries to balance basal freezing on its ice plain. Net basal melt for Whillans Ice Stream is greater due to less steep basal temperature gradients. Modeled temperatures on Whillans Ice Stream, however, were constrained by a single temperature profile at UpB. Basal temperature gradients for Whillans branch 1 and Ice Stream A may have conditions more similar to those beneath Ice Streams C and D, in which case, there may not be sufficient melt to sustain motion. This would be consistent with the steady deceleration of Whillans Ice Stream over the last few decades.
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Munir, Tariq, and Cherie Westbrook. "Thermal Characteristics of a Beaver Dam Analogues Equipped Spring-Fed Creek in the Canadian Rockies." Water 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070990.

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Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) are becoming an increasingly popular stream restoration technique. One ecological function BDAs might help restore is suitable habitat conditions for fish in streams where loss of beaver dams and channel incision has led to their decline. A critical physical characteristic for fish is stream temperature. We examined the thermal regime of a spring-fed Canadian Rocky Mountain stream in relation to different numbers of BDAs installed in series over three study periods (April–October; 2017–2019). While all BDA configurations significantly influenced stream and pond temperatures, single- and double-configuration BDAs incrementally increased stream temperatures. Single and double configuration BDAs warmed the downstream waters of mean maxima of 9.9, 9.3 °C by respective mean maxima of 0.9 and 1.0 °C. Higher pond and stream temperatures occurred when ponding and discharge decreased, and vice versa. In 2019, variation in stream temperature below double-configuration BDAs was lower than the single-configuration BDA. The triple-configuration BDA, in contrast, cooled the stream, although the mean maximum stream temperature was the highest below these structures. Ponding upstream of BDAs increased discharge and resulted in cooling of the stream. Rainfall events sharply and transiently reduced stream temperatures, leading to a three-way interaction between BDA configuration, rainfall and stream discharge as factors co-influencing the stream temperature regime. Our results have implications for optimal growth of regionally important and threatened bull and cutthroat trout fish species.
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Stott, T., and S. Marks. "Effects of plantation forest clearfelling on stream temperatures in the Plynlimon experimental catchments, mid-Wales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-95-2000.

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Abstract. Hourly stream temperatures monitored over 28 months, which spanned a 3 month period of environmentally sensitive plot-scale harvesting of 20 ha. (20%) of the Nant Tanllwyth catchment (0.89 km2) on the south side of the main stream in early 1996, resulted in a 0.58°C (p< 0.001) increase in monthly mean stream temperature. Over the same 28 month experimental period, there was no significant increase in the monthly mean air temperature recorded at a nearby automatic weather station. Monthly mean temperatures are highest in July and August in the year before and the year after the clearfelling, and one of the main effects of the clearfelling was to decrease the difference between the monthly mean stream and air temperatures. Despite the air temperatures being cooler in the post-clearfelling year, the stream temperatures still showed an increase in the summer months. Monthly mean maximum stream temperatures, also highest in July and August in the year before and the year after the clearfelling, showed a marked increase of 7.0°C: in July and 5.3°C in August from the pre- to the post-clearfelling years, while monthly mean minimum air temperatures actually showed a slight decrease for the same months. The likely effects on stream fauna are discussed, as are suggestions for, and likely effects of, buffer strips alongside the streams. Keywords: stream temperature; air temperature; ground surface temperature; clearfelling; Plynlimon
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Brown, Alastair. "Stream temperature velocity." Nature Climate Change 6, no. 5 (April 27, 2016): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3015.

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Ice, George G., Jeff Light, and Maryanne Reiter. "Use of Natural Temperature Patterns to Identify Achievable Stream Temperature Criteria for Forest Streams." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.4.252.

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Abstract Almost 90% of the streams listed on the EPA's nationwide database as water-quality impaired for temperature are in the Northwest. Historic records, monitoring of streams in federal wilderness areas in Oregon, and available data for least-impaired streams in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho show that many of these streams cannot achieve state temperature criteria. Forest management often is cited as a cause for increased stream temperature above state standards. The expectation that all forested streams should be below state targets has led to unnecessary listing of streams as impaired, wasting limited watershed protection resources. State water-quality programs should base water temperature criteria on natural patterns of stream temperature and on factors that have biological relevance to beneficial uses. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):252–259.
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Leach, J. A., and R. D. Moore. "Winter stream temperature in the rain-on-snow zone of the Pacific Northwest: influences of hillslope runoff and transient snow cover." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 819–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-819-2014.

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Abstract. Stream temperature dynamics during winter are less well studied than summer thermal regimes, but the winter season thermal regime can be critical for fish growth and development in coastal catchments. The winter thermal regimes of Pacific Northwest headwater streams, which provide vital winter habitat for salmonids and their food sources, may be particularly sensitive to changes in climate because they can remain ice-free throughout the year and are often located in rain-on-snow zones. This study examined winter stream temperature patterns and controls in small headwater catchments within the rain-on-snow zone at the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Two hypotheses were addressed by this study: (1) winter stream temperatures are primarily controlled by advective fluxes associated with runoff processes and (2) stream temperatures should be depressed during rain-on-snow events, compared to rain-on-bare-ground events, due to the cooling effect of rain passing through the snowpack prior to infiltrating the soil or being delivered to the stream as saturation-excess overland flow. A reach-scale energy budget analysis of two winter seasons revealed that the advective energy input associated with hillslope runoff overwhelms vertical energy exchanges (net radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, bed heat conduction, and stream friction) and hyporheic energy fluxes during rain and rain-on-snow events. Historical stream temperature data and modelled snowpack dynamics were used to explore the influence of transient snow cover on stream temperature over 13 winters. When snow was not present, daily stream temperature during winter rain events tended to increase with increasing air temperature. However, when snow was present, stream temperature was capped at about 5 °C, regardless of air temperature. The stream energy budget modelling and historical analysis support both of our hypotheses. A key implication is that climatic warming may generate higher winter stream temperatures in the rain-on-snow zone due to both increased rain temperature and reduced cooling effect of snow cover.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Richards, John. "Alpine proglacial stream temperature dynamics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5039.

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This study was motivated by an interest in understanding the effects of glacier retreat on late summer stream temperatures in an above-treeline proglacial stream and lake system in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Fieldwork was carried out during August and September of 2007 and focused on thermal processes controlling water temperature in the proglacial lake and a 1 km alpine reach directly downstream of the lake outlet. The proglacial lake was small (0.07 km²), featured a single inflow and outflow channel and had a residence time of approximately 4 days. The alpine reach featured continual cascading flow (25% channel gradient), marked diurnal fluctuations in discharge and variable terrain shading. It was found that warming between the inflow and outflow of the lake (1.8°C, on average) was controlled by the total heat content of the lake and cycles of mixing and stratification. A heat budget analysis indicated that the heat content of the lake was dominantly controlled by absorbed shortwave radiation and the advective effect of the inflow and outflow streams. Application of a dynamic reservoir model (DYRESM) to model observed lake temperatures (inflow, outflow and a temperature-depth profile), and comparison to other studies, suggested that suspended sediment concentration in the inflow had a dominant control on lake mixing and stratification. Based on equations developed from low-gradient channels, a stream energy budget model failed to replicate observed downstream warming rates. A spatially distributed net radiation model, along with statistical modification of the energy budget, provided insight into the processes that control stream temperatures in alpine areas. The final hybrid model showed a good match with observed downstream warming. This model accounted for the variation of width and albedo with discharge, and the spatial variability in net radiation due to topographic shading and the slope and aspect of the channel. The model also included parameters that increased the sensible and latent heat fluxes relative to values calculated from standard equations, which is consistent with the hypothesis that these fluxes are enhanced by cascading flow.
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Buck, Christina Rene. "Managing Groundwater for Environmental Stream Temperature." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3565483.

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This research explores the benefits of conjunctively managed surface and groundwater resources in a volcanic aquifer system to reduce stream temperatures while valuing agricultural deliveries. The example problem involves advancing the understanding of flows, stream temperature, and groundwater dynamics in the Shasta Valley of Northern California. Three levels of interaction are explored from field data, to regional simulation, to regional management optimization. Stream temperature processes are explored using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data from the Shasta River and recalibrating an existing physically-based flow and temperature model of the Shasta River. DTS technology can collect abundant high resolution river temperature data over space and time to improve development and performance of modeled river temperatures. These data also identify and quantify thermal variability of micro-habitat that temperature modeling and standard temperature sampling do not capture. This helps bracket uncertainty of daily temperature variation in reaches, pools, side channels, and from cool or warm surface or subsurface inflows. The application highlights the influence of air temperature on stream temperatures, and indicates that physically-based numerical temperature models, using a heat balance approach as opposed to statistical models, may under-represent this important stream temperature driver. The utility of DTS to improve model performance and detailed evaluation of hydrologic processes is demonstrated.

Second, development and calibration of a numerical groundwater model of the Pluto's Cave basalt aquifer and Parks Creek valley area in the eastern portion of Shasta Valley helps quantify and organize the current conceptual model of this Cascade fracture flow dominated aquifer. Model development provides insight on system dynamics, helps identify important and influential components of the system, and highlights additional data needs. The objective of this model development is to reasonably represent regional groundwater flow and to explore the connection between Mount Shasta recharge, pumping, and Big Springs flow. The model organizes and incorporates available data from a wide variety of sources and presents approaches to quantify the major flow paths and fluxes. Major water balance components are estimated for 2008-2011. Sensitivity analysis assesses the degree to which uncertainty in boundary flow affects model results, particularly spring flow.

Finally, this work uses optimization to explore coordinated hourly surface and groundwater operations to benefit Shasta River stream temperatures upstream of its confluence with Parks Creek. The management strategy coordinates reservoir releases and diversions to irrigated pasture adjacent to the river and it supplements river flows with pumped cool groundwater from a nearby well. A basic problem formulation is presented with results, sensitivity analysis, and insights. The problem is also formulated for the Shasta River application. Optimized results for a week in July suggest daily maximum and minimum stream temperatures can be reduced with strategic operation of the water supply portfolio. These temperature benefits nevertheless have significant costs from reduced irrigation diversions. Increased irrigation efficiency would reduce warm tail water discharges to the river instead of reducing diversions. With increased efficiency, diversions increase and shortage costs decrease. Tradeoffs and sensitivity of model inputs are explored and results discussed.

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Holthuijzen, Maike F. "A Comparison of Five Statistical Methods for Predicting Stream Temperature Across Stream Networks." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6535.

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The health of freshwater aquatic systems, particularly stream networks, is mainly influenced by water temperature, which controls biological processes and influences species distributions and aquatic biodiversity. Thermal regimes of rivers are likely to change in the future, due to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts, and our ability to predict stream temperatures will be critical in understanding distribution shifts of aquatic biota. Spatial statistical network models take into account spatial relationships but have drawbacks, including high computation times and data pre-processing requirements. Machine learning techniques and generalized additive models (GAM) are promising alternatives to the SSN model. Two machine learning methods, gradient boosting machines (GBM) and Random Forests (RF), are computationally efficient and can automatically model complex data structures. However, a study comparing the predictive accuracy among a variety of widely-used statistical modeling techniques has not yet been conducted. My objectives for this study were to 1) compare the accuracy among linear models (LM), SSN, GAM, RF, and GBM in predicting stream temperature over two stream networks and 2) provide guidelines in choosing a prediction method for practitioners and ecologists. Stream temperature prediction accuracies were compared with the test-set root mean square error (RMSE) for all methods. For the actual data, SSN had the highest predictive accuracy overall, which was followed closely by GBM and GAM. LM had the poorest performance overall. This study shows that although SSN appears to be the most accurate method for stream temperature prediction, machine learning methods and GAM may be suitable alternatives.
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Garner, Grace. "River and stream temperature in a changing climate." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5418/.

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There is major concern that river temperature changes driven by a changing climate and associated hydrological changes will have profound impacts on freshwater ecosystems. To identify the rivers most sensitive to change and implement effective strategies to mitigate high thermal extremes, this thesis aims to improve understanding of the influences of hydrometeorology and riparian landuse on river temperature dynamics, controls and processes within a UK context. Four studies are presented within a multi-scale research design which aimed to improve understanding of: (1) spatial patterns and inter-annual variability in the shape and magnitude of annual river temperature regimes across England and Wales, and regime sensitivity to air temperature and river basin properties, (2) the effects of riparian vegetation on water temperature under a range of hydrometeorological conditions, (2) the processes by which cool water refugia are produced beneath semi-natural, deciduous forest canopies, and (4) how minimal riparian planting can be used to produce thermal refugia in reaches of differing aspect and hydraulic characteristics. The aims are achieved by combining observational, statistical and deterministic modelling techniques. The outcomes of the research contribute significant new knowledge and tools for evidence based management of river and stream temperature under present and future climates.
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Leach, Jason A. "Stream temperature dynamics following riparian wildfire : effects of stream-subsurface interactions and standing dead trees." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1411.

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The primary objectives of this study were to address how stream temperature is influenced by (1) spatial variability in energy exchanges, (2) reach-scale stream-subsurface water interactions and (3) the net radiation dynamics associated with standing dead riparian vegetation. Stream temperature, riparian microclimate, and hydrology were characterized for a 1.5 km reach of Fishtrap Creek, located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. Within-reach air temperature and humidity variability was small, while wind speed, net radiation and surface-subsurface interactions exhibited considerable spatially variability. The field data were used to drive a deterministic energy budget model to predict stream temperature. The model was evaluated against measured stream temperature and performed well. The model indicated that the spatially complex hydrology was a significant control on the observed stream temperature patterns. A modelling exercise using three canopy cover scenarios revealed that post-disturbance standing dead trees reduce daytime net radiation reaching the stream surface by one third compared to complete vegetation removal. However, standing dead trees doubled daytime net radiation reaching the stream compared to pre-wildfire conditions. The results of this study have highlighted the need to account for the spatial variability of energy exchange processes, specifically net radiation and surface-subsurface water interactions, when understanding and predicting stream thermal regimes.
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Hill, Ryan A. "Modeling USA stream temperatures for stream biodiversity and climate change assessments." Thesis, Utah State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587567.

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Stream temperature (ST) is a primary determinant of individual stream species distributions and community composition. Moreover, thermal modifications associated with urbanization, agriculture, reservoirs, and climate change can significantly alter stream ecosystem structure and function. Despite its importance, we lack ST measurements for the vast majority of USA streams. To effectively manage these important systems, we need to understand how STs vary geographically, what the natural (reference) thermal condition of altered streams was, and how STs will respond to climate change. Empirical ST models, if calibrated with physically meaningful predictors, could provide this information. My dissertation objectives were to: (1) develop empirical models that predict reference- and nonreference-condition STs for the conterminous USA, (2) assess how well modeled STs represent measured STs for predicting stream biotic communities, and (3) predict potential climate-related alterations to STs. For objective 1, I used random forest modeling with environmental data from several thousand US Geological Survey sites to model geographic variation in nonreference mean summer, mean winter, and mean annual STs. I used these models to identify thresholds of watershed alteration below which there were negligible effects on ST. With these reference-condition sites, I then built ST models to predict summer, winter, and annual STs that should occur in the absence of human-related alteration (r2 = 0.87, 0.89, 0.95, respectively). To meet objective 2, I compared how well modeled and measured ST predicted stream benthic invertebrate composition across 92 streams. I also compared predicted and measured STs for estimating taxon-specific thermal optima. Modeled and measured STs performed equally well in both predicting invertebrate composition and estimating taxon-specific thermal optima (r2 between observation and model-derived optima = 0.97). For objective 3, I first showed that predicted and measured ST responded similarly to historical variation in air temperatures. I then used downscaled climate projections to predict that summer, winter, and annual STs will warm by 1.6 °C - 1.7 °C on average by 2099. Finally, I used additional modeling to identify initial stream and watershed conditions (i.e., low heat loss rates and small base-flow index) most strongly associated with ST vulnerability to climate change.

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Su, Yibing. "Real-time prediction of stream water temperature for Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5653.

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In the agricultural state of Iowa, water quality research is of great importance for monitoring and managing the health of aquatic systems. Among many water quality parameters, water temperature is a critical variable that governs the rates of chemical and biological processes which affect river health. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a real-time high resolution predictive stream temperature model for the entire state of Iowa. A statistical model based solely on the water-air temperature relationship was developed using logistic regression approach. With hourly High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) air temperature estimations, the implemented stream temperature model produces current state-wide estimations. The results are updated hourly in real-time and presented on a web-based visualization platform: the Iowa Water Quality Information System, Beta version (IWQIS Beta). Streams of 4th order and up are color-coded according to the estimated temperatures. Hourly forecasts for lead time of up to 18 hours are also available. A model was developed separately for spring (March to May), summer (June to August), and autumn (September to November) seasons. 2016 model estimation results generate less than 3 °C average RMSE for the three seasons, with a summer season RMSE of below 2 °C. The model is transferrable to basins of different catchment sizes within the state of Iowa and requires hourly air temperature as the only input variable. The product will assist Iowa water quality research and provide information to support public management decisions.
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Lund, David Charles. "Gulf Stream temperature, salinity and transport during the last millennium /." Cambridge, Mass. : Woods Hole, Mass. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1774.

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Originally issued as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006.
"February 2006". "Doctoral dissertation." "Department of origin: Geology and Geophysics." "Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lund, David Charles. "Gulf stream temperature, salinity and transport during the last millennium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34567.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February 2006.
Includes bibliographical references.
Benthic and planktonic foraminiferal [delta]18O ([delta 18Oc) from a suite of well-dated, high-resolution cores spanning the depth and width of the Straits of Florida reveal significant changes in Gulf Stream cross-current density gradient during the last millennium. These data imply that Gulf Stream transport during the Little Ice Age (LIA: 1200-1850 A.D.) was 2-3 Sv lower than today. The timing of reduced flow is consistent with cold conditions in Northern Hemisphere paleoclimate archives, implicating Gulf Stream heat transport in centennial-scale climate variability of the last 1,000 years. The pattern of flow anomalies with depth suggests reduced LIA transport was due to weaker subtropical gyre wind stress curl. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida Current surface water ([delta]18Ow) near Dry Tortugas increased 0.4%0/ during the course of the Little Ice Age (LIA: -1200-1850 A.D.), equivalent to a salinity increase of 0.8-1.5 psu. On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, [delta]18Ow increased by 0.3%o during the last 200 years. Although a portion (-O. 1%o) of this shift may be an artifact of anthropogenically-driven changes in surface water [Epsilon]CO2, the remaining [delta]18Ow signal implies a 0.4 to 1 psu increase in salinity after 200 yr BP.
(cont.) The simplest explanation of the [delta]18Ow, data is southward migration of the Atlantic Hadley circulation during the LIA. Scaling of the [delta]18Ow records to salinity using the modern low-latitude 180,w-S slope produces an unrealistic reversal in the salinity gradient between the two sites. Only if [delta]18Ow is scaled to salinity using a high-latitude [delta]18Ow-S slope can the records be reconciled. Changes in atmospheric 14C paralleled shifts in Dry Tortugas [delta]18Ow, suggesting that variable solar irradiance paced centennial-scale Hadley cell migration and changes in Florida Current salinity during the last millennium.
by David C. Lund.
Ph.D.
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Makarowski, Kathryn Elizabeth. "An investigation of spatial and temporal variability in several of Montana's reference streams working toward a more holistic management strategy /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252009-120501.

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Books on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Dyar, T. R. Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Moore, James A. Stream temperatures: Some basic considerations. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1997.

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Bartholow, John M. Stream temperature investigations: Field and analytical methods. Washington: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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Bartholow, John M. The stream segment and stream network temperature models: A self-study course. 2nd ed. [Fort Collins, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Saltveit, Svein Jakob, and Åge Brabrand. "Predicting the Effects of a Possible Temperature Increase Due to Stream Regulation on the Eggs of Whitefish (Coregonus Lav Aretus) — A Laboratory Approach." In Regulated Streams, 219–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5392-8_14.

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Hakim, A. N., S. Aso, S. Miyamoto, and K. Toshimitsu. "An experimental study of supersonic combustion with incoming high temperature pure air stream obtained by shock tunnel." In Shock Waves, 959–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_146.

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Peter, Johannes M. F., and Markus J. Kloker. "Numerical Simulation of Film Cooling in Supersonic Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 79–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_5.

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Abstract High-order direct numerical simulations of film cooling by tangentially blowing cool helium at supersonic speeds into a hot turbulent boundary-layer flow of steam (gaseous H2O) at a free stream Mach number of 3.3 are presented. The stagnation temperature of the hot gas is much larger than that of the coolant flow, which is injected from a vertical slot of height s in a backward-facing step. The influence of the coolant mass flow rate is investigated by varying the blowing ratio F or the injection height s at kept cooling-gas temperature and Mach number. A variation of the coolant Mach number shows no significant influence. In the canonical baseline cases all walls are treated as adiabatic, and the investigation of a strongly cooled wall up to the blowing position, resembling regenerative wall cooling present in a rocket engine, shows a strong influence on the flow field. No significant influence of the lip thickness on the cooling performance is found. Cooling correlations are examined, and a cooling-effectiveness comparison between tangential and wall-normal blowing is performed.
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Meng, F. R., C. P. A. Bourque, K. Jewett, D. Daugharty, and P. A. Arp. "The Nashwaak Experimental Watershed Project: Analysing Effects of Clearcutting on Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, Snowpack, Snowmelt and Stream Flow." In Boreal Forests and Global Change, 363–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0942-2_35.

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Davenport, John. "Temperature." In Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation, 4–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6073-5_2.

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Benedini, Marcello, and George Tsakiris. "Temperature Dependence." In Water Quality Modelling for Rivers and Streams, 87–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5509-3_8.

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Devasirvatham, Viola, Daniel K. Y. Tan, Pooran M. Gaur, and Richard M. Trethowan. "Chickpea and temperature stress." In Legumes under Environmental Stress, 81–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118917091.ch5.

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Gerday, Charles. "Life at the Extremes of Temperature." In Bacterial Stress Responses, 425–44. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816841.ch26.

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Wilson, William J., Michael D. Kelly, and Paul R. Meyer. "Instream Temperature Modeling and Fish Impact Assessment for a Proposed Large Scale Alaska Hydroelectric Project." In Regulated Streams, 183–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5392-8_12.

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Sørensen, Jesper G., Pernille Sarup, Torsten N. Kristensen, and Volker Loeschcke. "Temperature-Induced Hormesis in Drosophila." In Mild Stress and Healthy Aging, 65–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6869-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Nakrachi, A., C. Chera, and C. Dimon. "Air-stream and Temperature Plant Remote Control." In Multiconference on "Computational Engineering in Systems Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesa.2006.4281767.

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Kelleher, Christa, Margaret Zimmer, and Margaret Zimmer. "WHAT CAUSES CHANGES TO STREAM TEMPERATURES: LEVERAGING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE STREAM TEMPERATURE DATASETS TO INTERPRET DRIVERS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315852.

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McGhee, J. "Multifrequency binary testing and simulation of temperature sensors with compensated stream temperature control." In International Conference on Control '94. IEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19940189.

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Chakraborty, Debasis, H. S. Mukunda, and P. J. Paul. "Effect of Stream Temperature on Hypervelocity Reacting Mixing Layer." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1205.

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Blazhenkov, V. V., A. S. Dmitriev, A. V. Klimenko, and D. S. Lin. "Temperature diagnostics of aerosol particles stream by laser probing." In Optical Monitoring of the Environment: CIS Selected Papers, edited by Nicholay N. Belov and Edmund I. Akopov. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.162170.

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Oscar Link Professor, Dr.-Ing., Andrés Espinoza Research Fellow, Alejandra Stehr, and Alex García. "Development and Verification of JAZZ1D: A Stream Temperature Model." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, 29 March - 3 April 2008, Concepcion, Chile. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24324.

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Haq, Rizwan ul, and William James. "Thermal Enrichment of Stream Temperature by Urban Storm Waters." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)195.

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Tester, Brian, and Christopher Morfey. "Jet Mixing Noise: A Review of Single Stream Temperature Effects." In 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (30th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3376.

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Fang, Jiangcheng, Haiou Zhang, Guilan Wu, Yanxiang Chen, and Pengju Xue. "Temperature field measurement of plasma stream during rapid sprayed tooling." In Optics and Optoelectronic Inspection and Control: Techniques, Applications, and Instruments, edited by FeiJun Song, Frank Chen, Michael Y. Y. Hung, and H. M. Shang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402646.

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Perova, Iryna, Olena Litovchenko, Yevgeniy Bodvanskiy, Yelizaveta Brazhnykova, Igor Zavgorodnii, and Pavlo Mulesa. "Medical Data-Stream Mining in the Area of Electromagnetic Radiation and Low Temperature Influence on Biological Objects." In 2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsmp.2018.8478577.

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Reports on the topic "Stream temperature"

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Dunham, Jason, Gwynne Chandler, Bruce Rieman, and Don Martin. Measuring stream temperature with digital data loggers: a user's guide. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-150.

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Fondeur, F., M. Michael Poirier, and S. Samuel Fink. ESTIMATION OF THE TEMPERATURE RISE OF A MCU ACID STREAM PIPE IN NEAR PROXIMITY TO A SLUDGE STREAM PIPE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/917511.

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Hennings, Raymond. Stream Temperature Management in the Tualatin Watershed: Is it Improving Salmonid Habitat? Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/geogmaster.07.

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Watson, Eric. Use of Distance Weighted Metrics to Investigate Landscape-Stream Temperature Relationships Across Different Temporal Scales. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3113.

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Clinton, Barton D., James M. Vose, and Dick L. Fowler. Flat Branch monitoring project: stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-51.

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Clinton, Barton D., James M. Vose, and Dick L. Fowler. Flat Branch monitoring project: stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-51.

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Matthews, Kathleen R. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, flow, and shade measurements in the three stream sections of the Golden Trout Wilderness. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rn-427.

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Matthews, Kathleen R. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, flow, and shade measurements in the three stream sections of the Golden Trout Wilderness. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rn-427.

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Brenneman, Emma. Hydrologic Trends and Spatial Relationships of Stream Temperature and Discharge in Urbanizing Watersheds in the Portland Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7007.

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Winnick, J. High temperature electrochemical polishing of H{sub 2}S from coal gasification process stream. Quarterly progress report, January 1, 1995--March 31, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105664.

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