Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stream ecology – Ontario

Academic literature on the topic 'Stream ecology – Ontario'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stream ecology – Ontario"

1

Dolinsek, Ivan J., Robert L. McLaughlin, James W. A. Grant, Lisa M. O’Connor, and Thomas C. Pratt. "Do natural history data predict the movement ecology of fishes in Lake Ontario streams?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 8 (August 2014): 1171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0294.

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Little is known about the movements of most stream fishes, so fisheries managers often rely on natural history data from the literature to make management decisions. Observations of over 15 000 individuals from 37 species across 3 years were used to evaluate four aspects of the reliability of literature data for predicting the movement behaviour of stream fishes: (i) water temperature when fish enter streams; (ii) reasons for moving into the streams; (iii) stream residence times of migrants; and (iv) relative use of lake and stream habitats. Comparisons of our data for arrival times in the streams, water temperature at arrival, and time spent in the streams were highly correlated with literature data, whereas relative use of the lake was not. Further, our detailed data revealed two novel findings: (1) in many species juveniles were also moving into streams, even in those species where adults were clearly spawning in the streams; and (2) adult-sized individuals were moving into streams for nonreproductive purposes. Our results suggest that fishery managers can confidently use natural history information to gain general insights into the movement ecology of fishes, but should also recognize that this information remains incomplete in important ways.
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2

Mahon, Robin, and Eugene K. Balon. "Fish Production in Warmwater Streams in Poland and Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-148.

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Density (numbers per hectare), biomass (kilograms per hectare), and annual production (kilograms per hectare per year) of entire stream fish taxocenes were significantly higher at localities in Ontario (n = 11) than in Poland (n = 14). The production/biomass ratio and the mean size of individuals did not differ significantly between the two sets of localities. The average stream size at the localities studied in Poland was significantly smaller than in Ontario. Production and biomass in Poland showed a significant negative association with stream size, whereas in Ontario these relationships were not significant; therefore, the differences in these variables between Poland and Ontario may even be underestimated. Differences in fluvial fish taxocene richness might explain the observed differences in production if the streams in Poland are less saturated than those in Ontario. However, the possibility of more basic differences in productivity at lower trophic levels cannot be ruled out.
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Raney, Shanel M., and M. Catherine Eimers. "Unexpected declines in stream phosphorus concentrations across southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 3 (March 2014): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0300.

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Long-term trends (1975–2010) in total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were evaluated at 113 stream stations across southern Ontario. Declines in TP were evident at the majority of sites (68%), including those both with (n = 49) and without (n = 64) upstream municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). Although declines in TP at stream stations downstream of MWWTPs may be attributed to improvements in P removal from treated effluent, declines at the remaining streams must be attributed to other causes. During the same time period, increases in chloride (Cl−) were observed at almost all (95%) of the 64 MWWTP-free stations. Over the past 35 years, urban land cover has increased at the expense of agricultural land area in Ontario, with the majority of these changes occurring in southern Ontario. The coincidence of declines in TP and increases in Cl− at the 64 MWWTP-free streams suggests that the two may be related, with P-rich agricultural fields being replaced with impervious surfaces and therefore increased road salt applications.
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4

Rand, Peter S., Charles A. S. Hall, William H. McDowell, Neil H. Ringler, and Jonathan G. Kennen. "Factors Limiting Primary Productivity in Lake Ontario Tributaries Receiving Salmon Migrations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-262.

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Many tributary streams of Lake Ontario have become important spawning habitats for introduced Pacific salmon. We examine how phosphorus released through salmon decomposition and other environmental factors potentially limit primary productivity in two Lake Ontario tributaries in New York State. Contribution of phosphorus (measured as total phosphorus) from salmon carcasses, computed as the percentage of the estimated phosphorus discharged from the stream, was very low (< 1%∙yr−1), but of modest importance (> 50%∙d−1) during restricted periods in the spring. Experimental results from three stream sites demonstrated that phosphorus, which is present naturally at high concentrations, is not limiting primary productivity during the period that the salmon are in the streams. Finally, results from an analysis of 15 free-water oxygen studies indicate that the streams are productive (gross primary production 0.9–10.2 g O2∙m−2∙d−1) and that light appears to limit stream primary productivity more than nutrients. We conclude that salmon migrations are unlikely to substantially increase the rate of primary productivity in these already fertile streams.
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5

Giberson, Donna J., and Rosemary J. Mackay. "Life history and distribution of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in some acid streams in south central Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-135.

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Life histories and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) were investigated in 11 streams in south central Ontario that ranged from highly acidic to circumneutral. At least 29 mayfly species were recorded from the streams, with 16 common enough for life history analysis. Mayfly distribution and diversity were correlated with pH regime and stream size. No mayflies were found in the smallest, most acid stream, and numbers of mayfly species and their relative abundances generally increased with both increasing stream size and stream pH. Incorporation of life cycle information with distributional data enabled us to determine the precise stream-water pH range encountered by different mayfly life stages in the study streams. Generally, during the period of greatest acid stress in the streams (pH depressions associated with spring snowmelt) the mayflies were present in large or dormant stages, which are believed to be more tolerant of lowered pH.
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6

Molot, Lewis A., P. J. Dillon, and B. D. LaZerte. "Factors Affecting Alkalinity Concentrations of Streamwater during Snowmelt in Central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-211.

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Relative contributions of changes in base cations and acid anions to alkalinity decreases during spring snowmelt in 1984–86 were analyzed for 15 headwater streams and lake outflows in three central Ontario catchments. During episodes, concentration changes in ions which contributed to alkalinity decreases were partially offset by smaller changes in other ions which contributed to alkalinity increases. The major contributor to alkalinity depressions was base cation dilution by snowmelt water. Akalinity depressions were more likely to be dominated by SO42− increases in streams that were more acidic. Neither nitrate nor organic acid anions were significant contributors to alkalinity depressions. Discharge was highly correlated with alkalinity in a circumneutral stream but not in an acidic stream and is consistent with dilution being less important as a cause of alkalinity depressions as streams become more acidic.
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7

Hudson, J. J., J. C. Roff, and B. K. Burnison. "Bacterial Productivity in Forested and Open Streams in Southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-267.

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Bacterial abundance, biomass, and heterotrophic production were measured in the water, sediment, and epilithon of forested and open streams in southern Ontario in summer 1988. Relationships of environmental variables to production were examined. The time course of nucleoside incorporation, recovery efficiency of bacterial DNA, isotope dilution, and disturbance artifacts were examined to compare bacterial production rates and to determine the appropriateness of the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into bacterial DNA as an estimate of bacterial production in these habitats. Water column bacterial biomass (12–97 μg C∙L−1) and heterotrophic production (0.21–67 μg C∙L−1∙h−1) were greater in open streams than in forested streams. Differences between open and forested stream sediment bacterial biomass (0.30–1.1 g C∙m−2) and heterotrophic production (18–140 mg C∙m−2∙h−1) were not as pronounced as they were in the water column. A methodological disturbance artifact may have introduced a minor bias in sediment production measurements. Epilithic bacterial biomass was 35–150 mg C∙m−2, and heterotroph production was 1.3–51 mg C∙m−2∙h−1, significantly greater (P < 0.05) in open streams than in forested streams. Epilithic production and stream water temperature were positively correlated (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacterial production exceeded net primary production in forested streams, but not in open streams.
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8

Reid, Scott, and Anita LeBaron. "Autumn electrofishing reduces harm to Ontario (Canada) stream fishes collected during watershed health monitoring." Conservation Evidence Journal 18 (January 1, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52201/cej18hjvu9134.

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Electrofishing surveys provide important information on watershed health, and the status of imperiled and recreationally important stream fishes. Concerns about the harmful effects of electrofishing on the endangered redside dace Clinostomus elongatus have resulted in restrictions on its use in sampling activities in the province of Ontario, Canada. However, the effectiveness of these restrictions is unproven. We undertook a paired sampling gear study in 2018-2019 to test whether an alternate gear (seine nets) or a change in electrofishing timing (autumn rather than summer) reduced harm to stream fishes. The study took place in streams located in the Greater Toronto Area. We found large differences in the frequency and magnitude of sampling-related mortalities between sampling gear and seasons. During individual surveys, electrofishing mortality never exceeded 9% in the summer or 4% in the autumn, while seining-related mortality reached 60% at two stream sites. Overall, autumn electrofishing resulted in mortality rates that were 5.6 and 15 times lower than summer electrofishing and summer seining. These results indicate that survival of Ontario stream fishes can be improved by delaying electrofishing until early autumn.
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9

Hill, Alan R., and Donna J. Lymburner. "Hyporheic zone chemistry and stream-subsurface exchange in two groundwater-fed streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-250.

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Data from two headwater streams in southern Ontario provide support for conceptual models that suggest that hyporheic zone influence on stream nutrient retention is determined by the extent of surface-groundwater exchange and subsurface chemical transformation rates. The hyporheic zone (>10% stream water) was delineated by a chemical mixing equation using differences in background stream and groundwater chloride concentrations and by injections of chloride to stream flow. Good agreement between the two methods confirmed that the extent of stream-groundwater exchanges can be successfully estimated using background conservative ions as a tracer technique. During low stream flows in May-October the depth of the hyporheic zone was 2-15 cm in a 12-m sand-bottom pool, debris dam, pool reach of Glen Major stream and 15-20 cm in a 16-m gravel riffle reach of Duffin Creek. Differences between observed NO3 concentrations and concentrations predicted from background chloride indicated depletion of NO3 in the hyporheic zone at a few locations in Glen Major and at 5-10 cm depth throughout the Duffin Creek reach. NO3 and NH4 injected into stream water were reactive at only a few hyporheic sites in the streams. Upstream-downstream comparisons during injections indicated that stream retention was minor.
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10

Chu, Cindy, Nicholas E. Jones, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Andrew R. Piggott, and Charles K. Minns. "The influence of air temperature, groundwater discharge, and climate change on the thermal diversity of stream fishes in southern Ontario watersheds." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-007.

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The availability of suitable thermal habitat for fishes in streams is influenced by several factors, including flow, channel morphology, riparian vegetation, and land use. This study examined the influence of air temperature and groundwater discharge, predictors of stream temperature, on the thermal diversity (cold-, cool-, and warm-water preferences) of stream fish communities in southern Ontario watersheds. Site-level fish sampling data were used to assess the thermal diversity of 43 quaternary watersheds using three metrics, the proportion of sites within a watershed having (i) cold-, (ii) cool-, and (iii) warm-water fishes. Our results indicated that 53.9% of the variances in cold-water and 54.1% of the variances in warm-water fish distributions within the watersheds could be attributed to groundwater discharge and air temperature variables. Climate change scenarios suggested that watersheds with high groundwater discharge and the associated thermal diversity of fishes within those watersheds are less sensitive to climate change than watersheds with low groundwater discharge. Conservation of groundwater resources will be required to lessen climate change impacts on the thermal habitat and thermal diversity of stream fishes in southern Ontario watersheds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stream ecology – Ontario"

1

Lalonde, Benoît. "Relationships between water quality and stream invertebrate assemblages of Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8694.

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Forty-seven riffle zones from 21 streams of Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec were sampled in 1998 to describe how characteristics of the benthic invertebrate assemblage (abundance, taxa richness and size distribution) varied as a function of water quality parameters (conductivity, TP, SRP, TSS, NO3+NO2, NH3, TKN, Cl-, SO42-) along a gradient of watershed development. A principal components analysis on water quality parameters revealed that there were two groups of correlated water quality variables that explained the majority of the variability among sites. The first group of variables included chloride, sulfate, nitrate+nitrite and conductivity and represented a gradient of urbanization while the second group represented nutrients and included: soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonia, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. Simple and multiple regression models predicting invertebrate assemblage characteristics were fitted using water quality principal components scores as independent variables. Overall, invertebrate assemblage characteristics were related to both groups of water quality variables. Abundances per taxon and size classes generally increased with increased nutrients, and overall abundance and the ratio of abundances of sensitive to tolerant taxa declined with increasing chloride, sulfate, nitrate+nitrite and conductivity. Existing information suggests that the water quality gradient found in these streams is more a reflection of anthropogenic sources than the result of geological differences. Therefore, it appears that human activities affect the distribution and abundance of invertebrates in this region. However our models did not explain a good proportion of the variability. It would seem that stream invertebrates of the Ottawa valley are also affected by other parameters that have yet to be identified.
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2

Stasko, Carly. "A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and Healing." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18109.

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This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.
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Books on the topic "Stream ecology – Ontario"

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Ryder, Richard A. Comparative properties of rivers and lakes from an Ontario perspective. Edited by Pesendorfer J, Olver C. H, and Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1988.

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2

P, Dodge D., ed. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS): Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada, September 14-21, 1986. Ottawa: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989.

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