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Journal articles on the topic 'Stream-breeding frogs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Gillespie, Graeme R., David Lockie, Michael P. Scroggie, and Djoko T. Iskandar. "Habitat use by stream-breeding frogs in south-east Sulawesi, with some preliminary observations on community organization." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 4 (July 2004): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001361.

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The habitat associations of stream-breeding frogs were examined along a series of stream transects on Buton Island in south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the eight frog species located along streams, four were observed breeding in stream habitats. We examined spatial habitat partitioning among these species. Three of the four species were found to be associated with a non-random selection of the available perch sites. Strong partitioning between species in habitat associations was found; partitioning of the available habitat space was primarily associated with differences in proximity to stream features, and in the height of perch sites. General observations indicated that oviposition sites of most species were associated with the microhabitats in which the adult frogs were found. All four stream-breeding species appear to have synchronous breeding phenologies and the spatial relationships of these species within the habitat space appear to reflect partitioning of calling sites and oviposition sites. The stream-breeding frog community in this region of Sulawesi has much lower species richness and less specialized habitat use compared with other tropical stream-breeding frog communities in the region.

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2

Pilliod, David S., Charles R. Peterson, and Peter I. Ritson. "Seasonal migration of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) among complementary resources in a high mountain basin." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-175.

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Information on how animals partition their activities and travel among complementary resources, such as breeding or overwintering habitats, is needed for species conservation. In a mountain basin at 2500 m elevation in central Idaho, we studied the habitat use and movement patterns of 736 marked and 87 radio-tagged Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from 1995 to 1998. The goals of this study were to (i) identify and characterize R. luteiventris breeding, summer foraging, and overwintering habitats, (ii) describe the movement patterns of juvenile, male, and female R. luteiventris among these resources, and (iii) determine migration routes. Juvenile and adult R. luteiventris occupied a variety of widely distributed wetlands from late June to September. On average, 132% of juvenile, 611% of male, and 1651% of female frogs moved from breeding ponds to summer habitats. Migratory males remained within 200 m of the breeding sites, whereas females traveled up to 1030 m to reach summer habitats. From late August through September, frogs migrated to deep (>3 m) lakes to overwinter. Frog migrations occurred quickly and often followed shortest-distance travel routes through dry, open forest even when stream corridors were available nearby. This study exemplifies the need to protect both complementary resources and the corridors connecting these anuran habitats.

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3

Roznik, Elizabeth A., Sarah J. Sapsford, David A. Pike, Lin Schwarzkopf, and Ross A. Alford. "Condition-dependent reproductive effort in frogs infected by a widespread pathogen." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1810 (July 7, 2015): 20150694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0694.

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To minimize the negative effects of an infection on fitness, hosts can respond adaptively by altering their reproductive effort or by adjusting their timing of reproduction. We studied effects of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on the probability of calling in a stream-breeding rainforest frog ( Litoria rheocola ). In uninfected frogs, calling probability was relatively constant across seasons and body conditions, but in infected frogs, calling probability differed among seasons (lowest in winter, highest in summer) and was strongly and positively related to body condition. Infected frogs in poor condition were up to 40% less likely to call than uninfected frogs, whereas infected frogs in good condition were up to 30% more likely to call than uninfected frogs. Our results suggest that frogs employed a pre-existing, plastic, life-history strategy in response to infection, which may have complex evolutionary implications. If infected males in good condition reproduce at rates equal to or greater than those of uninfected males, selection on factors affecting disease susceptibility may be minimal. However, because reproductive effort in infected males is positively related to body condition, there may be selection on mechanisms that limit the negative effects of infections on hosts.

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4

Schmidt, Katrin, Stephen Richards, Richard G. Pearson, Ross A. Alford, and Robert Puschendorf. "Seasonal, annual and decadal change in tadpole populations in tropical Australian streams." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 4 (2019): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191168.

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Abstract Declines due to fungal disease (chytridiomycosis) have affected many stream-dwelling frog species, especially in the tropics, leading to reduced abundance and diversity of their tadpoles. Studies in the Australian Wet Tropics have demonstrated that some frog species have declined or disappeared, while others have persisted. To assess the occurrence of stream-breeding frogs, we monitored tadpole populations of five frog species in Wet Tropics streams in the early 1990s (uplands, before chytridomycosis emergence), and in 2011-2013 (uplands and lowlands, after chytridiomycosis emergence), and investigated environmental factors that might influence tadpole abundance. Riffle-dwelling tadpoles of two frog species disappeared from the upland stream site during the 1990s, reflecting reported losses of adult populations. Tadpoles of one upland pool species initially declined but had recovered by 2011-2013. Samples from the lowlands in 2011 to 2013 indicated no similar loss. Chytridiomycosis was the likely cause of changes in tadpole abundances between the two survey periods, given its known occurrence and documented effects on adult frogs in these systems; however, we did not measure its prevalence in this study. Tadpole populations fluctuated seasonally, with abundances highest in spring and summer, reflecting the timing of frog reproduction. The most important biophysical influence on the assemblages that we measured was current velocity. Tadpole peak abundances suggest that they make a substantial contribution at the consumer level of food webs, and that their loss has altered food webs substantially in upland streams.

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5

TAPLEY, BENJAMIN, LUAN THANH NGUYEN, TIMOTHY CUTAJAR, CHUNG THANH NGUYEN, CHRISTOPHER PORTWAY, HAO VAN LUONG, and JODI J. L. ROWLEY. "The tadpoles of five Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from the Hoang Lien Range, Vietnam." Zootaxa 4845, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.1.3.

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Frogs in the genus Megophrys are an Asian radiation of stream-breeding frogs. The tadpoles of many Megophrys species are undescribed; those that are described are often dubiously allocated to species by association with post metamorphic specimens at collection sites and without supportive molecular data. We provide detailed descriptions of the larvae of five species of Megophrys from the Hoang Lien Range in northwest Vietnam: Megophrys fansipanensis, M. gigantica, M. hoanglienensis, M. jingdongensis and M. maosonensis. Tadpoles from different subgenera differ from each other via a combination of patternation in life, oral disc shape and tail morphology but given the small sample size, and limited number of species it is unlikely that these differences can be applied more widely to delineate subgenera. Morphological differences between tadpoles from species within the subgenus Panophrys were insufficient to clearly delineate all species. The ability to identify tadpoles is likely to advance our understanding of the frog fauna in mainland southeast Asia.

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6

Rowley, Jodi J. L., and Ross A. Alford. "Movement patterns and habitat use of rainforest stream frogs in northern Queensland, Australia: implications for extinction vulnerability." Wildlife Research 34, no. 5 (2007): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07014.

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Amphibians are one of the most highly threatened groups of animals, but their effective conservation is hampered by a paucity of basic ecological knowledge, particularly for tropical stream-breeding species, in which declines have been most common and severe. We examined the movement patterns and habitat use of three stream-breeding frog species at five sites in northern Queensland, Australia. Movement and habitat use differed significantly among species. Litoria lesueuri moved more frequently and greater distances than did our other study species, and was often located away from streams, moving between intact rainforest and highly disturbed environments. Litoria genimaculata moved less frequently and shorter distances and was more restricted to stream environments compared with L. lesueuri, but was often located in the canopy. L. genimaculata occasionally moved large distances along and between streams, but was never located outside of intact rainforest. Litoria nannotis moved almost as frequently as the other species, but remained in streams during the day, did not move large distances along or between streams, and was always located within intact rainforest. Because of its sedentary behaviour, narrow habitat tolerance and affinity for stream environments, L. nannotis may be more vulnerable to extinction in human-modified landscapes compared with L. lesueuri and L. genimaculata.

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7

Stratford, Danial, Gordon Grigg, Hamish McCallum, and Harry Hines. "Breeding ecology and phenology of two stream breeding myobatrachid frogs (Mixophyes fleayi and M. fasciolatus) in south-east Queensland." Australian Zoologist 35, no. 2 (January 2010): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2010.007.

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8

Van Hattem, Michael, William T. Bean, Pairsa Belamaric, Holly Gamblin, Jennie Jones Scherbinski, Jennifer Olson, Alyssa Semerdjian, Katrina Smith, and Ivy Widick. "Foothill yellow-legged frog breeding biology in a semiregulated river, Humboldt County, CA." California Fish and Wildlife Journal, CESA Special Issue (June 6, 2021): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.cesasi.10.

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River-breeding foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) are endemic to California and Oregon. Across this wide geographic range, many populations have declined due habitat loss, non-native competitors and predators (e.g., American bullfrogs [Lithobates catesbeianus], Centrarchid fish), and disrupted water flow due to dams. Even when flow conditions are not extensively regulated, managers still require basic and region-specific information about the breeding biology of this species to prevent further decline. To document spatiotemporal dynamics of reproductive output during drought and high flow years, we surveyed a 13.5 km reach of the lower Mad River, Humboldt County, CA approximately 70 km downstream of Matthews Dam. We found relatively high densities of egg masses (39 to 59 masses / km). Egg masses were generally laid on small cobbles (mean ±SE diameter = 11 ± 0.24 cm) at depths between 0 and 20 cm, and 95% of egg masses were laid within 6 m of the wetted edge. Egg masses were disproportionately found in the tailouts of fast runs and glides, and found less often than expected in side arms, runs, and riffles than would be expected by chance. Breeding timing appeared to be more related to rapid decreases in stream flow variance than air temperature. Taken with previous information about the species, our results suggest that R. boylii rely on multiple cues to initiate breeding. Our results can be used to help inform breeding timing and habitat use by R. boylii breeding under natural flow regimes in Northern California. Our recommendations for future research include further investigating upland habitat use by post-metamorphic life stages factors that influence breeding site selection.

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9

Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián, Luís Felipe Toledo, José M. Venzal, Arlei Marcili, Thiago F. Martins, Igor C. L. Acosta, Adriano Pinter, and Marcelo B. Labruna. "Description of a new soft tick species (Acari: Argasidae: Ornithodoros ) associated with stream-breeding frogs (Anura: Cycloramphidae: Cycloramphus ) in Brazil." Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 8, no. 5 (August 2017): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.015.

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10

RANDRIANIAINA, ROGER-DANIEL, LILIANE RAHARIVOLOLONIAINA, CLAUDIA PREUSS, AXEL STRAUß, FRANK GLAW, MEIKE TESCHKE, JULIAN GLOS, NOROMALALA RAMINOSOA, and MIGUEL VENCES. "Descriptions of the tadpoles of seven species of Malagasy treefrogs, genus Boophis." Zootaxa 2021, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2021.1.2.

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The genus Boophis is a species-rich group of treefrogs within the family Mantellidae Laurent, endemic to Madagascar. The larval morphology of these frogs is an important trait to understand the evolution of reproductive modes and larval morphologies in the mantellid radiation and can provide important information to compare adaptations of tadpoles and adults, and elucidate possible covariation, and convergent evolution of these traits. We here assign seven previously unknown or insufficiently described Boophis tadpoles to species via DNA barcoding, and provide detailed morphological descriptions based mainly on the unambiguously identified DNA voucher specimens. All described tadpoles are stream-adapted, exotrophic tadpoles of a relatively generalized morphology. Applying our previous classification for stream-breeding Boophis based on relative oral disk width and the number of papillae and keratodonts we attempt an assignment of all species into ecomorphological guilds. Our results show that this previous definition of guilds (in Boophis) based on only three characters was an oversimplification, and that the variation in these tadpoles is more complex. In a phylogenetic context we found that species within at least two species groups of Boophis are heterogeneous in their assignment to the ecomorphological guilds confirming the probable non-monophyly of these groups.

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11

KUSANO, TAMOTSU, and TERUTAKE HAYASHI. "Female Size-specific Clutch Parameters of Two Closely Related Stream-breeding Frogs, Rana sakuraii and R. tagoi tagoi: Female Size-independent and Size-dependent Egg Sizes." Current herpetology 21, no. 2 (2002): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5358/hsj.21.75.

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12

Rennie, Susannah, Chris Andrews, Sarah Atkinson, Deborah Beaumont, Sue Benham, Vic Bowmaker, Jan Dick, et al. "The UK Environmental Change Network datasets – integrated and co-located data for long-term environmental research (1993–2015)." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-87-2020.

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Abstract. Long-term datasets of integrated environmental variables, co-located together, are relatively rare. The UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) was launched in 1992 and provides the UK with its only long-term integrated environmental monitoring and research network for the assessment of the causes and consequences of environmental change. Measurements, covering a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological “driver” and “response” variables are made in close proximity at ECN terrestrial sites using protocols incorporating standard quality control procedures. This paper describes the datasets (there are 19 published ECN datasets) for these co-located measurements, containing over 20 years of data (1993–2015). The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the NERC Environmental Information Data Centre under the terms of the Open Government Licence using the following DOIs. Meteorology Meteorology: https://doi.org/10.5285/fc9bcd1c-e3fc-4c5a-b569-2fe62d40f2f5 (Rennie et al., 2017a) Biogeochemistry Atmospheric nitrogen chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/baf51776-c2d0-4e57-9cd3-30cd6336d9cf (Rennie et al., 2017b) Precipitation chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/18b7c387-037d-4949-98bc-e8db5ef4264c (Rennie et al., 2017c) Soil solution chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/b330d395-68f2-47f1-8d59-3291dc02923b (Rennie et al., 2017d) Stream water chemistry: https://doi.org/10.5285/fd7ca5ef-460a-463c-ad2b-5ad48bb4e22e (Rennie et al., 2017e) Stream water discharge: https://doi.org/10.5285/8b58c86b-0c2a-4d48-b25a-7a0141859004 (Rennie et al., 2017f) Invertebrates Moths: https://doi.org/10.5285/a2a49f47-49b3-46da-a434-bb22e524c5d2 (Rennie et al., 2017g) Butterflies: https://doi.org/10.5285/5aeda581-b4f2-4e51-b1a6-890b6b3403a3 (Rennie et al., 2017h) Carabid beetle: https://doi.org/10.5285/8385f864-dd41-410f-b248-028f923cb281 (Rennie et al., 2017i) Spittle bugs: https://doi.org/10.5285/aff433be-0869-4393-b765-9e6faad2a12b (Rennie et al., 2018) Vegetation Baseline: https://doi.org/10.5285/a7b49ac1-24f5-406e-ac8f-3d05fb583e3b (Rennie et al., 2016a) Coarse grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/d349babc-329a-4d6e-9eca-92e630e1be3f (Rennie et al., 2016b) Woodland: https://doi.org/10.5285/94aef007-634e-42db-bc52-9aae86adbd33 (Rennie et al., 2017j) Fine grain: https://doi.org/10.5285/b98efec8-6de0-4e0c-85dc-fe4cdf01f086 (Rennie et al., 2017k) Vertebrates Frogs: https://doi.org/10.5285/4d8c7dd9-8248-46ca-b988-c1fc38e51581 (Rennie et al., 2017l) Birds (Breeding bird survey): https://doi.org/10.5285/5886c3ba-1fa5-49c0-8da8-40e69a10d2b5 (Rennie et al., 2017m) Birds (Common bird census): https://doi.org/10.5285/8582a02c-b28c-45d2-afa1-c1e85fba023d (Rennie et al., 2017n) Bats: https://doi.org/10.5285/2588ee91-6cbd-4888-86fc-81858d1bf085 (Rennie et al., 2017o) Rabbits and deer: https://doi.org/10.5285/0be0aed3-f205-4f1f-a65d-84f8cfd8d50f (Rennie et al., 2017p)

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13

Fukuyama, Kinji, and Tamotsu Kusano. "Factors Affecting Breeding Activity in a Stream-Breeding Frog, Buergeria buergeri." Journal of Herpetology 26, no. 1 (March 1992): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565031.

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14

Hiragond, Ningappa C., Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag, and Srinivas K. Saidapur. "Description of the Tadpole of a Stream Breeding Frog, Rana curtipes." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1566044.

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15

Liu, Wanzhao, Datong Yang, Carl Ferraris, and Masafumi Matsui. "Amolops bellulus: A New Species of Stream-Breeding Frog from Western Yunnan, China (Anura: Ranidae)." Copeia 2000, no. 2 (May 2000): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0536:abanso]2.0.co;2.

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16

Newell, David Alan, Ross Lindsay Goldingay, and Lyndon Owen Brooks. "Population Recovery following Decline in an Endangered Stream-Breeding Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) from Subtropical Australia." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (March 13, 2013): e58559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058559.

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17

Miwa, Tokio. "Conditions controlling the onset of breeding migration of the Japanese mountain stream frog, Rana sakuraii." Naturwissenschaften 94, no. 7 (March 8, 2007): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0226-2.

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18

Zhang, Lixia, Jie Yang, Youqiang Lu, Xin Lu, and Xiaohong Chen. "Aquatic eggs are fertilised by multiple males not engaged in amplexus in a stream-breeding frog." Behavioural Processes 91, no. 3 (November 2012): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.08.003.

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19

KUSANO, TAMOTSU, and KINJI FUKUYAMA. "Body Size and Breeding Activity of a Stream-Breeding Ranid Frog (Rana sp.) in the Bonboni River, Itsukaichi-Machi, Tokyo." Japanese journal of herpetology 12, no. 2 (1987): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5358/hsj1972.12.2_65.

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20

Ueda, Hiroaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa, and Junsuke Marunouchi. "Geographical Differentiation in a Japanese Stream-Breeding Frog, Buergeria buergeri, Elucidated by Morphometric Analyses and Crossing Experiments." Zoological Science 15, no. 4 (August 1998): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/0289-0003(1998)15[615:gdiajs]2.0.co;2.

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21

Ueda, Hiroaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa, and Junsuke Marunouchi. "Geographical Differentiation in a Japanese Stream-Breeding Frog, Buergeria buergeri, Elucidated by Morphometric Analyses and Crossing Experiments." ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 15, no. 4 (1998): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.15.615.

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22

Catenazzi, Alessandro, and Sarah J. Kupferberg. "The importance of thermal conditions to recruitment success in stream-breeding frog populations distributed across a productivity gradient." Biological Conservation 168 (December 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.09.010.

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23

Caldart, Vinícius Matheus, Luiza Loebens, Amanda Jamile Carvalho Brum, Lívia Bataioli, and Sonia Zanini Cechin. "Reproductive Cycle, Size and Age at Sexual Maturity, and Sexual Dimorphism in the Stream-Breeding Frog Crossodactylus schmidti (Hylodidae)." South American Journal of Herpetology 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2994/sajh-d-17-00060.1.

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24

Caldart, Vinícius Matheus, Samanta Iop, Rodrigo Lingnau, and Sonia Zanini Cechin. "Communication in a noisy environment: short-term acoustic adjustments and the underlying acoustic niche of a Neotropical stream-breeding frog." acta ethologica 19, no. 3 (May 2, 2016): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10211-016-0235-2.

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25

Caldart, Vinícius Matheus, Samanta Iop, Rodrigo Lingnau, and Sonia Zanini Cechin. "Calling Activity of a Stream-Breeding Frog from the Austral Neotropics: Temporal Patterns of Activity and the Role of Environmental Factors." Herpetologica 72, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00029.

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26

Malonza, Patrick K. "Natural History Observations on a Warty Frog: Callulina dawida (Amphibia: Brevicipitidae) in the Taita Hills, Kenya." ISRN Zoology 2012 (March 15, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/212491.

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Amphibian populations are declining throughout the world, but most of the susceptible species possess particular biological attributes. Understanding these traits plus the environmental factors responsible for declines greatly aids conservation prioritization and planning. This paper examines the natural history observations and ecological characteristics of Callulina dawida, a frog endemic to the montane forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya. Sampling was accomplished by use of standardized pitfall trapping, transects, and time-limited searches. Mean monthly temperature and elevation significantly influenced the species distribution and abundance but mean monthly rainfall did not. The species was rare or absent during the cold season and its abundance increased with elevation. Breeding occurred during the long dry season (June to October) with juveniles being abundant between January and March. Available evidence shows that this species deposits a cluster of large yolk-rich eggs on the forest floor with maternal care and direct development. Its occurrence only within highly fragmented indigenous forests makes the species worth listing as critically endangered. To conserve this species, all remaining indigenous forest fragments including those communally or privately owned should be preserved and connected through planting of indigenous trees along stream valleys. In addition, the exotic tree plantations should be replaced with indigenous trees to restore the species habitat.

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FUKUYAMA, KINJI, TAMOTSU KUSANO, and MASATOSHI NAKANE. "A Radio-tracking Study of the Behaviour of Females of the Frog Buergeria buergeri (Rhacophoridae, Amphibia) in a Breeding Stream in Japan." Japanese journal of herpetology 12, no. 3 (1988): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5358/hsj1972.12.3_102.

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28

GURURAJA, KOTAMBYLU VASUDEVA, K. P. DINESH, H. PRITI, and G. RAVIKANTH. "Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae)." Zootaxa 3796, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.1.2.

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Mokhatla, Mohlamatsane, John Measey, and Ben Smit. "The role of ambient temperature and body mass on body temperature, standard metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in southern African anurans of different habitat specialisation." PeerJ 7 (October 22, 2019): e7885. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7885.

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Temperature and water availability are two of the most important variables affecting all aspects of an anuran’s key physiological processes such as body temperature (Tb), evaporative water loss (EWL) and standard metabolic rate (SMR). Since anurans display pronounced sexual dimorphism, evidence suggests that these processes are further influenced by other factors such as vapour pressure deficit (VPD), sex and body mass (Mb). However, a limited number of studies have tested the generality of these results across a wide range of ecologically relevant ambient temperatures (Ta), while taking habitat use into account. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of Ta on Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR in three wild caught African anuran species with different ecological specialisations: the principally aquatic African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), stream-breeding common river frog (Amietia delalandii), and the largely terrestrial raucous toad (Sclerophrys capensis). Experiments were conducted at a range of test temperatures (5–35 °C, at 5 °C increments). We found that VPD better predicted rates of EWL than Ta in two of the three species considered. Moreover, we found that Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Ta, while Tb increased with increasing Mb in A. delalandii and S. capensis but not in X. laevis. Whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Mb in S. capensis only. We did not find any significant effect of VPD, Mb or sex on whole-animal EWL within species. Lastly, Mb did not influence Tb, whole-animal SMR and EWL in the principally aquatic X. laevis. These results suggest that Mb may not have the same effect on key physiological variables, and that the influence of Mb may also depend on the species ecological specialisation. Thus, the generality of Mb as an important factor should be taken in the context of both physiology and species habitat specialisation.

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30

Elias-Costa, Agustín J., and Julián Faivovich. "Convergence to the tiniest detail: vocal sac structure in torrent-dwelling frogs." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, April 20, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz068.

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Abstract Cascades and fast-flowing streams impose severe restrictions on acoustic communication, with loud broadband background noise hampering signal detection and recognition. In this context, diverse behavioural features, such as ultrasound production and visual displays, have arisen in the evolutionary history of torrent-dwelling amphibians. The importance of the vocal sac in multimodal communication is being increasingly recognized, and recently a new vocal sac visual display has been discovered: unilateral inflation of paired vocal sacs. In the diurnal stream-breeding Hylodidae from the Atlantic forest, where it was first described, this behaviour is likely to be enabled by a unique anatomical configuration of the vocal sacs. To assess whether other taxa share this exceptional structure, we surveyed torrent-dwelling species with paired vocal sacs across the anuran tree of life and examined the vocal sac anatomy of exemplar species across 18 families. We found striking anatomical convergence among hylodids and species of the distantly related basal ranid genera Staurois, Huia, Meristogenys and Amolops. Ancestral character state reconstruction identified three new synapomorphies for Ranidae. Furthermore, we surveyed the vocal sac configuration of other anuran species that perform visual displays and report observations on what appears to be unilateral inflation of paired vocal sacs, in Staurois guttatus – an extremely rare behaviour in anurans.

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Ayres, César. "Ecological features of a Rana iberica population inhabiting a human-altered ecosystem." Basic and Applied Herpetology, November 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11160/bah.172.

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In this work, data are presented about spatial use and behaviour of Iberian brown frog (Rana iberica) during and after the breeding season in Pontevedra (north-western Spain). Field data were collected between November 2008 and February 2010 at a human-altered stream. The results suggest that there was a change in habitat use between the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. Rana iberica individuals concentrated in the upper part of the stream during the breeding season (November-March), moving to lower parts of the stream during late spring and summer. The estimated monthly frog abundance was inversely correlated to the recorded mean daily minimum temperatures.

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Limbu, Ash Bdr, Dophu, Aita Bir Biswa, Leki Sonam, Kesang Norbu, Dawa Gyeltshen, Dal Bahadur Basnet, Jamba Gyeltshen, and Tshering Nidup. "Breeding Ecology of Amolops himalayanus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) in Bodidrang Stream, Trashigang District, Bhutan." Asian Journal of Biology, September 15, 2020, 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2020/v10i130100.

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The breeding activity of Himalayan sucker frog (Amolops himalayanus), was studied under natural conditions at Bodidrang stream, Kanglung, Trashigang, Bhutan, for 12 months. We examined the correlation between meteorological factors (relative humidity, temperature and rainfall) and sightings of adult, juvenile, and tadpole/larvae individuals as well as egg masses from monthly surveys using Pearson Correlation in statistical software (Python 3.6). A. himalayanus was an explosive breeder influenced by the high seasonality in Bhutan. Adult, juvenile, and larvae individuals recorded had a positive Pearson correlation with monthly mean rainfall. There was a strong correlation between rainfall and adult sightings (r=0.732), however tadpoles sightings had a low correlation (r=0.178). We observed moderate positive correlations of temperature and relative humidity with adult (r=0.536; r=0.442) and juvenile (r=0.398; r=0.252) individuals, while tadpoles had low positive correlation for relative humidity (r =0.048) respectively. Brief note of amplexus position of A. himalayanus is discussed.

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