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Academic literature on the topic 'Straw barley'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Straw barley":

1

Capper, B. S., G. Sage, P. R. Hanson, and A. H. Adamson. "Influence of variety, row type and time of sowing on the morphology, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of barley straw." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (April 1992): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960006874x.

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SUMMARYLeaf proportions (LP) were determined in spring barley straws harvested at Cambridge in 1984 and 1985. Linear regression equations showed that a greater number of days to flowering increased LP whilst greater plant height decreased LP in spring barley straws. Plant height accounted for more than 70% of the variance in LP. By contrast, grain yield and stem diameter accounted for only a small percentage of the variance in LP. Straws from two-rowed winter barleys had slightly higher LP than six-rowed winter barleys but LP in winter and spring barleys were similar.Leaf blade and leaf sheath fractions of the straws had lower acid detergent fibre and lignin contents and were more digestible than the stem fractions. Linear regression equations of straw digestibility in spring barleys on LP, grain yields, days to flowering and plant heights showed that LP accounted for a higher percentage of the variance in digestibility in 1984 than the other characteristics. In 1985, when harvesting conditions were unusually wet, grain yield accounted for the highest percentage of the variance in straw digestibility.There were no differences in chemical composition and straw digestibility between two-rowed and six-rowed barleys, but winter barleys had higher straw digestibility than spring barleys. Date of sowing did not influence straw quality in two-rowed winter barleys.The ranking of two-rowed spring barleys for LP, chemical composition and digestibility suggested that varieties with consistently better straw quality could be identified.
2

Narasimhalu, P., D. Kong, and T. M. Choo. "Straw yields and nutrients of seventy-five Canadian barley cultivars." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-020.

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Straw, grain, and total yields were compared among 32 two-row and 43 six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars registered in eastern and western Canada, that were grown at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in 1991 and 1992. Straw nutrients was determined in 1991. Two-row cultivars yielded more straw and less grain than six-row cultivars (P < 0.05). The total yield (i.e., total aboveground dry matter) of two-row cultivars was approximately equal to that of six-row cultivars. Straw of two-row cultivars contained more cell contents but less hemicellulose, total-N, Ca, Na, Mn, and Zn than six-row cultivars straw (P < 0.05). Straw yields were not different between eastern and western cultivars regardless of whether they were two-row or six-row types. Eastern two-row cultivars showed higher grain yield and higher total yield than western two-row, and their straws contained less lignin and P than those of western cultivars. Straw of eastern six-row cultivars contained less Ca, but more Na and Mg than that of western six-row cultivars. Hulless barleys showed less grain yield and their straw contained less cellulose than covered barleys regardless of whether they were two-row or six-row types. Two-row hulless cultivars yielded more straw than two-row covered barleys. Straw of six-row hulless barleys contained more cell contents, total-N, and minerals (except for Na and Mn) than that of six-row covered barleys. Key words: Barley cultivars, straw, yield, crude protein, fibre, minerals
3

Al-Saghier, O. A. S., and R. C. Campling. "Energy and protein supplements to straw-based diets for yearling cattle: effects on straw intake and digestibility." Animal Science 52, no. 1 (February 1991): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005717.

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ABSTRACTA series of change-over experiments examined the intake and digestibility of straw-based diets in yearling dairy heifers. Voluntary intakes of straws given as the sole food to yearling dairy heifers were 1·28, 1·20 and 0·90 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg live weight for barley, wheat and oat straws respectively, and the corresponding digestibility of organic matter was 0·47, 0·53 and 0·48. When supplemented with 2 kg rolled barley the intakes of straw did not alter, nor were they affected by replacing part of the rolled barley with an equal amount of soya-bean meal and thus increasing the dietary concentration of protein from about 50 to 110 g/kg DM. The use of molassed sugar-beet pulp in place of rolled barley reduced the intake of straw. Flaked maize promoted slightly higher intakes of straw than an equal amount of coarsely milled maize. Replacing rolled barley by lucerne hay reduced straw intake. It is estimated that, to provide sufficient energy and protein for a daily gain of 0·5 kg, heifer straw-based diets would require a supplement of 1·2 kg rolled barley and 0·8 kg soya-bean meal.
4

Wang, Bing, Yongang Li, Hongyu Si, Huiyuan Chen, Ming Zhang, and Tao Song. "Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons based on hulless barley straw and plain wheat straw obtained by H3PO4 activation." BioResources 13, no. 3 (May 18, 2018): 5204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5204-5212.

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High specific surface area activated carbon was prepared by improving the process conditions of phosphoric acid activation and hulless barley straw and plain wheat straw as raw materials. The effects of the activation time on the pore structure and specific surface area of two types of activated carbon were investigated. The results revealed that soaking straws in the high concentrations of H3PO4 for 0.5 h to ensure complete soaking and then removing the straws from H3PO4 solution to activate was beneficial to the infiltration of H3PO4 in the raw material, and there was an increase in the surface area of activated carbon. The largest specific surface area of activated carbon prepared from plain wheat straw and hulless barley straw was 1524 m2/g and 1885 m2/g, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed that the higher cellulose content, higher hemicellulose content, and smaller fiber morphology in hulless barley straw compared with wheat straw were the main reasons for the more abundant pore structure and higher specific surface area of the activated carbon.
5

Tuah, A. K., E. Lufadeju, E. R. Ørskov, and G. A. Blackett. "Rumen degradation of straw 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw." Animal Science 43, no. 2 (October 1986): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100002440.

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ABSTRACTThe dry-matter degradation of 19 varieties of barley, 14 varieties of wheat, 11 varieties of oats and one variety of triticale straws, both untreated and ammonia treated were studied using the nylon-bag technique. There were significant differences between the untreated varieties of all the types of cereal straw studied with respect to dry-matter loss (DML) values. When the barley and wheat straws were treated with ammonia, the differences between the varieties were also significant although ammonia treatment tended to improve those with lower values to a greater extent than those with higher values. There were also significant differences between the DML values of the oat straws when they were treated with ammonia but only after 48-h incubation. There was a significant negative relationship between the 48-h DML values of the untreated oat straws and the improvement in the DML values with ammonia treatment (r = −0·65; P < 0·05). Grain yield, straw length and nitrogen concentration had no significant relationship with the DML values of the untreated straws. Barley and oat straws had generally higher DML than the wheat and triticale straws.
6

Ng'ambi, J. W. W., and R. C. Campling. "Effects of sodium hydroxide and of energy and protein supplements on the voluntary intake and digestibility of barley, oat and wheat straw by cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 117, no. 2 (October 1991): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600065357.

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SUMMARYThree change-over experiments with yearling cattle examined the effects on voluntary intake and digestibility of treating barley, oat and wheat straws with NaOH. Increases in intake due to the NaOH treatment were: with barley straw 31 %, oat straw 9% and with wheat straw 1 %, and the corresponding improvements in digestibility were 36, 13 and 24%. A further three experimentswith yearling heifers and steers measured the effects of supplements on the responsein feeding value to NaOH treatment of wheat straw. Increasing the daily supplement of rolled barley from 10 to 3·4 kg led to a decrease in voluntary intake of treated straw from 4·6 to 3·6 kg organic matter (OM), while including urea, to increase the concentrationof nitrogenin a beet pulp supplement from 19 to 24 gN/kg dry matter (DM), gave an increasein intakeof straw from 3·4 to 4·8 kg OM. Providing more than c. 15 gN/kg dietary DM did not lead to a significant increase in voluntary intake or digestibility. In a further experiment, isonitrogenous supplements of rolled barley and soyabean meal, or rolled barley and fishmeal, led to similar intakes and digestibilities of treatedstraw. The variation in response to NaOH treatment is discussed.
7

Mathison, G. W., R. Soofi-Siawash, E. K. Okine, J. Helm, and P. Juskiw. "Factors influencing composition and ruminal degradability of barley straw." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-012.

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Chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability characteristics for 25 and 40 genotypes of barley straw were measured for crops grown in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Straw from semidwarf genotypes contained more crude protein and less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than that from genotypes with medium straw length and effective ruminal degradability was 9% higher (P < 0.01). Straw from two-row genotypes contained 19% more crude protein (4.4 vs. 3.7%) and 3% less NDF (75.2 vs. 77.6%) than that from six-row genotypes and effective ruminal degradability was 6% higher (P < 0.01) when genotypes with medium-length straw only were considered. Genotypes with smooth awns had higher rates of degradation but contained less of the slowly degraded fraction than straw with rough awns when straws of medium straw length were compared (P < 0.05). Straw from hulless genotypes contained more (P = 0.006) NDF than that from covered varieties. Both ambient and soil temperature were positively related (P < 0.05) to effective ruminal degradability of straw, possibly because of associated greater leafiness when temperatures were higher and there was more light. It was concluded that it is possible to select barley genotypes that have superior straw nutritive value for ruminant animals. Key words: Barley, straw, degradability, cattle, genotype, environment
8

Mawuenyegah, P. O., L. Warly, T. Harumoto, and T. Fujihara. "Effect of ammonia treatment or protein supplementation on rumination behaviour in sheep given barley straw." Animal Science 64, no. 3 (June 1997): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800016040.

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AbstractA study was conducted to compare the effects of ammoniation and protein supplementation of barley straw on rumination behaviour of sheep. Four wethers were allocated to four diets offered ad libitum in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets were, untreated barley straw + molasses meal (diet 1), untreated barley straw + soya-bean meal + molasses meal (diet 2), ammonia-treated barley straw + molasses meal (diet 3) and ammonia-treated barley straw + soya-bean meal + molasses meal (diet 4). Animals were kept in metabolism crates throughout each 16-day experimental period and allowed free access to water and a mineralized salt lick. The first 11 days of each period were for adaptation to the harnesses and diets while the last 5 days were used for rumination studies. Animals given diets 3 and 4 had slower eating rates compared with those given diets 1 and 2. Rumination index and duration of each rumination period was lower for sheep consuming diets 3 and 4 than for those on diets 1 and 2 but not significantly so (P > 0·05). Rumination time per 100 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) intake was significantly lower (P < 0·01) for diets containing ammoniated straw. Animals given ammoniated straw diets also regurgitated fewer boluses per unit NDF intake than did those on untreated straw diets. The results showed that increased intake and digestibility, which is usually associated with ammoniated straws, was due to sheep doing less work per unit of time to break down straw for digestion. In this way, potentially digestible tissues within a given amount of straw is more readily exposed. The foregoing suggests that ammonia treatment results in less rumination so that ruminants given ammonia-treated straw diets do less work ruminating.
9

Hart, M. J., M. Kay, and E. R. Ørskov. "The nutritive value of varieties of wheat and barley straw." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023266.

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The utilization of cereal straws are limited by their low nutritive value and bulkiness which prevents ruminants from consuming sufficient to meet their nutrient requirements. However, recently there has been interest in furthering the use of cereal straws as food for ruminants. The main objective of the present study was to provide information on the degradability of straw for cereal varieties recently included on the SAC recommended lists. A further objective was to examine the between farm variation in degradability of straw for individual cereal varieties and to assess how this may be affected by management practices in the field.Forty two samples of straw comprising three varieties of winter wheat, four varieties of winter barley and seven varieties of spring barley straw were collected from farms in and around the North East of Scotland. The potential degradabilities of the straw was measured using three different techniques; 1) the nylon bag technique (0rskov, 1985); 2) in vitro analysis, and 3) near infra red analysis (NIR).
10

Sedmihradská, Anežka, Michael Pohořelý, Petr Jevič, Siarhei Skoblia, Zdeněk Beňo, Josef Farták, Bohumír Čech, and Miroslav Hartman. "Pyrolysis of wheat and barley straw." Research in Agricultural Engineering 66, No. 1 (March 27, 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2019-rae.

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Pyrolysing agricultural crop residues and other biomass constitutes a newer method of transforming often difficult, waste materials into a novel type of soil amendment/additive. Simultaneously, this process also makes it possible to exploit part of the energy released in the agricultural production. Biochar, viewed as the solid product of biomass pyrolysis, is a remarkable, porous material, rich in carbon. Two agricultural crop residues, such as wheat and barley straw, were selected for the experimental studies. The results indicate that the practical temperature for the production of biochar from the two explored materials occurs in the vicinity of 600 °C. Starting at this temperature, the biochar produced complies safely with the principal European Biochar Certificate standards (EBC 2012). Thus, for the wheat straw and barley straw – originated char, the content of the carbon amounts to 67.2 and 67.0 mass %, the atomic ratio H : C is as large as 0.032 and 0.026, and the specific surface area amounts to 217 and 201 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>–1</sup>, respectively.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Straw barley":

1

Pillinger, Judith Mary. "Algal control by barley straw : an interdisciplinary study." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654951.

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2

Schneider, L. (Laura). "Mechanocatalytic pretreatment of lignocellulosic barley straw to reducing sugars." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216478.

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Abstract Biomass conversion methods represent bioeconomic solutions for the sustainable production of value added commodities (chemicals and materials) as well as for energy purposes, either in solid (pellets), liquid (transport fuels) or gaseous (combustion gases e.g. biomethane) form. Lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable source available in immense quantity, is considered to be one of the most promising natural sources, with high potential in the replacement of conventional transportation fuels and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis provides new insights into mechanocatalysis, which as yet is a novel technique in catalytic biomass conversion. The mechanocatalytic approach combines chemical catalysis and mechanical assisted processing driven by ball milling. Lignocellulosic barley straw was impregnated or merely mixed with the catalyst (formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid dihydrate and potassium pyrosulfate) and ball milled under various conditions yielding the selective depolymerization of lignocellulose into water-soluble xylo-oligosaccharides. Subsequent hydrolysis at moderate temperatures resulted in the formation of valuable reducing sugars, mainly xylose, galactose, arabinose and glucose, which constitute the basic materials for transportation fuel and chemical production. Reducing sugar release of 53.4 wt% with low by-product formation was observed within short milling durations using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in mechanocatalysis. Likewise, oxalic acid dihydrate and potassium pyrosulfate as a novel catalyst, successfully converted barley straw to reducing sugars (42.4 wt% and 39.7 wt%, respectively), however longer milling durations were required. In comparison, lower saccharification (<10 wt%) was obtained by employing formic acid and acetic acid in mechanocatalysis. Harsh milling conditions initiated a temperature increase within the reaction vessel resulting in enhanced sugar release. Likewise, greater sugar release was observed with increased catalyst amount and acidity. The results revealed that the balance of these factors is crucial for efficient catalytic conversion of barley straw
Tiivistelmä Biomassan konvertointimenetelmät mahdollistavat biotalouden hengen mukaisesti uusia ratkaisuja kemikaalien ja materiaalien kestävään tuotantoon sekä biomassan energiakäyttöön eri muodoissa (kuten pelletit, biopolttoaineet ja biokaasu). Lignoselluloosapohjaista, uusiutuvaa biomassaa, kuten tässä työssä tutkittua ohran olkea, on runsaasti saatavilla. Lignoselluloosa onkin yksi lupaavimmista raaka-aineista korvaamaan fossiilisia polttoaineita ja vähentämään kasvihuonekaasupäästöjä. Väitöskirjatutkimus antaa uutta tietoa ohran oljen mekaanis–katalyyttisestä käsittelystä, mikä on suhteellisen uusi menetelmä biomassan katalyyttisessä muokkauksessa. Menetelmässä yhdistetään kemiallinen katalyysi ja mekaaninen muokkaus (jauhatus) kuulamyllyllä. Lignoselluloosa (ohran olki) impregnoitiin tai sekoitettiin tutkitun katalyytin (muurahaishappo, etikkahappo, rikkihappo, oksaalihappodihydraatti, kaliumpyrosulfaatti) kanssa ja käsiteltiin erilaisissa mekaanis–katalyyttisissä olosuhteissa. Lignoselluloosan selektiivinen depolymerointi muodosti vesiliukoisia oligosakkarideja ja edelleen hydrolyysin kautta pelkistyneitä sokereita (pääasiassa ksyloosia, galaktoosia, arabinoosia ja glukoosia), joita voidaan käyttää biopolttoaineiden ja -kemikaalien valmistuksessa. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella rikkihappokatalyytillä saatiin 53,4 massa-% ohran oljen sisältämistä pelkistyneistä sokereista vapautettua lyhyillä käsittelyajoilla. Lisäksi sivutuotteiden muodostuminen oli vähäistä. Vastaavasti oksaalihappodihydraatti (sokerisaanto 42,4 massa-%) ja kaliumpyrosulfaatti (sokerisaanto 39,7 massa-%) toimivat uusina katalyytteinä hyvin, mutta vaativat rikkihappokatalyyttiä pidemmät jauhatusajat. Sen sijaan muurahaishapolla ja etikkahapolla sokerisaanto oli erittäin alhainen (alle 10 massa-%) mekaanis–katalyyttisessä käsittelyssä. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että voimakas jauhatus vaikutti selkeästi reaktiolämpötilan nousuun käsittelyn aikana, mikä edisti korkeampaa sokerisaantoa. Vastaavasti sokerisaantoa voitiin parantaa katalyyttimäärällä ja happamuudella. Tulokset osoittavat, että näiden muuttujien tasapaino on ratkaisevaa ohran oljen tehokkaan katalyyttisen muuntamisen kannalta
3

Capper, Brian Stephen. "Factors influencing the nutritive value of barley straw for ruminants." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238166.

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4

Che, Ibrahim Shariff. "Treatment of oily and dye wastewater with modified barley straw." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/589.

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Barley straw, an agricultural byproduct, was identified as a potential adsorbent material for wastewater treatment as it offers various advantages such as abundant availability at no or very low cost, little processing cost and ability to biodegradation. The raw barley straw, however, needs to be modified as a preliminary study showed less favorability of the raw barley straw in removing oil and anionic dyes. Barley straw was chemically pretreated with sodium hydroxide and modified using a cationic surfactant, hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC).Generally, the treatment with NaOH increases the negatively charged sites on straw surface and the cationic surfactant introduced forms a hydrophobic layer on the straw surface and changes the surface potential charge from negative to positive. From this exercise, four different adsorbents have been prepared, viz; raw barley straw (RBS), raw barley straw pretreated with sodium hydroxide (RBS-N), and the modification of RBS and RBS-N with the cationic surfactant CPC, which were labelled as surfactant modified barley straw (SMBS) and base pretreated surfactant modified barley straw (BMBS).Several physical and chemical techniques were employed to characterize barley straw samples to understand the properties of raw and modified straws as well as to study the effects of modification on the textural and surface properties of the raw barley straw. Chemical compositional analyses showed that the amounts of potassium, sodium, arsenic and cadmium existing in RBS, RBS-N were generally low. The availability of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in RBS offers the great potential of using the barley straw as a biosorbent material. Surface group measurement by the Boehm titration showed higher acid groups in the base-treated straw (RBS-N) than raw straw due to the base hydrolization of lignocellulosic material, which is responsible for the increase in surface acidic sites such as carboxylic and hydroxyl groups.The percentages of carbon and nitrogen for SMBS and BMBS were greater compared to RBS and RBS-N, due to loading of CPC. Based on carbon and nitrogen values, the impregnated CPC on SMBS and BMBS was calculated as 0.086 and 0.109 mmol g-1, respectively. For the surfactant modified straw, lower BET surface area was observed and could be explained by the attachment of the surfactant moieties to the internal framework of raw adsorbents causing the constriction of pore channels. The electrical conductivity was found much lower in surfactant modified straw due to significant reduction in water soluble mineral after the surfactant modification. Higher bulk density of SMBS and BMBS was due to the addition of CPC onto the straw surface. SEM microphotos of all the prepared adsorbents showed the highly irregular shapes and sizes.The treatment with alkaline solution partly removed the protective thin wax on straw surface. The surfactant modified surface appeared to be rough, indicating that the surface had been covered with organic molecules. FT-IR spectra of RBS and RBS-N did not show any radical changes indicating that the treatment with mild base solution did not significantly alter the chemical properties of the straw. Two new bands lying at about 2920, 2850 cm-1 referred as asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of methylene (C-H) adsorption bands originated from the alkyl chain of CPC were observed on SMBS and BMBS, proving the existence of CPC on straw surface. Desorption of CPC from the surfactant modified straw was observed to increase with increasing acid solution concentration. The increasing desorption of CPC (with increased in acid solution) describes that ion exchange is the major binding mechanism. The sorption of CPC generally showed that the sorption capacity of CPC increases with increasing CPC equilibrium concentration for both RBS and RBS-N. The surfactant sorption was at the maximum when the equilibrium surfactant concentrations reached the critical micelle concentration, CMC.Preliminary experiments found the effectiveness of the prepared adsorbents, namely; RBS, RBS-N, SMBS and BMBS in removing different types of emulsified oil from wastewater such as canola oil (CO) and standard mineral oil (SMO). Comparing to SMBS and BMBS, RBS and RBS-N showed low removal efficiency of the emulsified oil. This provided a sensible justification in using SMBS and BMBS as adsorbent materials. The adsorption tests were performed using SMBS and BMBS on CO and SMO by batch adsorption. For the sorption of CO and SMO on SMBS and BMBS, the adsorption was less favorable at high acidic condition and the maximum adsorption capacity was observed at about neutrality. Larger particle size would result in lower adsorption while adsorption temperature would not affect adsorption significantly.The kinetic study revealed that equilibrium time was short and pseudo first order model provided the best correlation for the kinetic adsorption data of CO and SMO on both SMBS and BMBS. The film diffusion was observed as the rate limiting in the sorption of CO and SMO on SMBS and BMBS. The isotherm data for sorption of CO and SMO on SMBS and BMBS indicated that the adsorption was fitted well by the Langmuir model. The Langmuir adsorption capacities of CO and SMO on SMBS were 576.00 and 518.63 mg g-1; and 613.29 and 584.22 mg g-1 on BMBS, respectively. Desorption experiments also showed the stability of the oil loaded on straw. The adsorbent was later evaluated in a fixed bed column. The breakthrough curves indicated the favorable performance of SMBS and BMBS for both CO and SMO; however, less success was observed for RBS and RBS-N. The modeling of column tests showed a good agreement of experimental data of oil adsorption on SMBS and BMBS with the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. The column adsorption capacities from the Thomas model for SMBS and BMBS were 368.82 and 440.74 mg g-1 for CO; and 310.16 and 336.31 mg g-1 for SMO, respectively.The applicability of the prepared adsorbents was also evaluated for treating dye containing wastewater. The adsorption tests were performed using SMBS and BMBS on anionic dyes of Acid Blue 40(AB40), Reactive Blue 4(RB4) and Reactive Black 5(RB5) as the preliminary batch adsorption experiments showed low removal percentage of dyes on RBS and RBS-N. The batch study also revealed that the adsorption was a function of dye concentration, pH and temperature. Adsorption capacity was found higher at pH about neutrality for AB40, and at acidic condition (pH 3) for the other dyes. Adsorption capacity of AB40 increased at increasing experimental temperature whereas no significant change was observed for RB4 and RB5. The kinetic experiment revealed that adsorption of dyes was rapid at initial stage followed by a slower phase where equilibrium uptake was achieved. Based on batch kinetic study of adsorption of AB40, RB4 and RB5 on SMBS and BMBS, the pseudosecond- order model fitted well with the kinetic data other than the pseudo first order model.The film diffusion was observed as the rate limiting in the sorption of AB40, RB4 and RB5 on SMBS and BMBS. The isotherm data of dye adsorption on SMBS and BMBS indicated that the adsorption was fitted well by the Langmuir model. The Langmuir adsorption capacities of AB40, RB4 and RB5 were 45.4, 29.16 and 24.92 mg g-1 for SMBS and 51.95, 31.50 and 39.88 mg g-1 for BMBS, respectively.Desorption experiments also showed that the dye loaded straw was stable at acidic condition but desorption increased as the pH increased (i.e pH 11). The applicability of the adsorbents for AB40 and RB5 removal was also tested in a fixed bed column study. Similar to the column system for CO and SMO, the breakthrough curves on RBS and RBS-N was also poor, however, favorable column breakthrough performance was observed on SMBS and BMBS. The column breakthrough modeling showed the better fit of the experimental data of SMBS and BMBS with the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson breakthrough models. The adsorption capacities from the Thomas model for SMBS and BMBS were estimated as 53.39 and 77.29 mg g-1 for AB40; and 24.57 and 33.46 mg g-1 for RB5, respectively.
5

Ruiz-Barrera, Oscar. "Better quality forage as supplement to sheep offered untreated barley straw." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358270.

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6

Murray, Daniel. "The potential of barley straw as an algal and cyanobacterial growth control." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4459.

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Algal and cyanobacterial1 blooms are increasingly becoming a problem to water utilities in the UK and around the world. Conditions such as increasing eutrophication and poor management of water bodies are consequently leading to increases in the number and severity of algal bloom events. These blooms present serious issues to both utilities and the environment; problems include deoxygentation of water bodies leading to fish kill and rapid algal growth leads to overgrowing of other plant species in the water, while blooms of toxic cyanobacteria can lead to the closure of reservoirs and a number of algae can lead to pump and filter blockages in treatment works. The problems created by algal and cyanobacterial blooms are becoming increasingly expensive to offset and while some technologies such as dissolved air flotation exist to control them at treatment level, there are few effective options to tackle blooms where control would be most effective, at the source. What methods there are for source control are often unreliable or almost as bad for the environment as the blooms themselves such as, in the use of chemical pesticides. Barley straw has been shown to have to potential to be an effective control of algal and cyanobacterial blooms at the reservoir level, being able to inhibit a variety of species at practical straw concentrations, but little is known about how it functions or how its ‘effect’ is developed. This study identified spcific areas which when investigated provided insight into these gaps in current knowledge. An analysis of the chemicals proposed as released by decaying barley straw has shown that they can control algal blooms at concentrations similar to what has been detected in the field. Investigations into the decay of barley straw has shown that barley straw decays in water in a way consistent with species that breakdown the lignin section of the straw potentially releasing the proposed chemicals. This finding was supported by the effect being consistent when field rotted straw, fresh straw rotted in the lab, and straw cultured in the lab with species specifically adapted to breaking down the lignin section of the straw were compared. Attempts at pre-treating the straw have shown that microbiological activity is important in developing the algistatic effect, which could lead to the possibility of keeping straw ‘ready for use’ thus removing the current need of several months wait before barley becomes effective. These findings have also provided a definitive route by which barley straw develops its effect, namely, microbiological decay of the lignin fraction of the straw leading to the production of phenol chemical release.
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Magama, Frank. "Generating barley plants with modified straw by suppressing HCT and C3H genes." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/628309c0-0cd4-4f41-b0fa-a8838b12755a.

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Grussu, Dominic. "Influence of lignin in barley straw on agronomic traits and biofuel applications." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3054a490-e2a1-4d53-8ee9-2053032c085f.

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In the world today there is a massive dependency on fossil fuels as they are currently used to provide around 80% of the world’s energy. This is hugely detrimental to the environment and is a major contributory factor in climate change. Biofuel is a renewable energy source that is already being used to lessen some of the fossil fuel dependency. 2nd generation biofuels, by using non-food parts of plants, circumvent the food vs fuel argument, and by using farming waste or surplus can also avoid changing land use problems. Additionally liquid biofuels can use existing infrastructure for storage and delivery, and also fit into current lifestyles. Cost-effective 2nd generation biofuel production is directly affected by the presence of the polymer lignin in plant biomass, as it has been shown to impede enzymatic sugar release (saccharification) that is used for biofuel production. The work undertaken in this project developed a high-throughput methodology for the assessment of straw lignin content and composition across a large population of elite varieties in the economically important cereal crop, barley. Saccharification yield was also measured across the same population along with a number of other agronomically important traits, such as thousand-grain weight, biomass, mechanical stem properties and height. The data provided by these measurements allowed correlations between traits to be identified and their strength gauged. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were also carried out and identified influential regions of the genome for each trait. The results revealed varying levels of association between measured traits and lignin content and monomeric constituents. Importantly a negative connection was shown between lignin content and saccharification yield, with lignin content being responsible for approximately 1/5th of the variation seen. Interestingly there was no correlation between lignin content and mechanical stem properties, an important factor in the agronomically important trait, lodging. GWAS results revealed a number of genomic regions that were influential across several traits indicating regions that would be difficult to separate through breeding due to their close proximities. However, unique QTL were identified for saccharification yield and lignin content providing candidates for breeding or genetic manipulation to improve the crop for biofuel production.
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Wallace, Graham. "A study of phenolic-carbohydrate linkages in the Gramineae." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245610.

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Odoi, Frederick Nii Ako. "Encouraging lambs to eat barley straw when housed after grazing : effects of previous exposure to straw and isolation on intake and behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359495.

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Books on the topic "Straw barley":

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Stroud, Charles. The biotransformation of wheat and barley straw by the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 1995.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology. Watershed Management Section. and Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., eds. Focus on best management practices for using barley straw for algae control in non-flowing water. [Olympia Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 2004.

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Wolfsie, Dick. Barney: The stray beagle who became a TV star and stole our hearts. Cincinnati, OH: Emmis Books, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Straw barley":

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Caffrey, J. M., and C. Monahan. "Filamentous algal control using barley straw." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 315–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_46.

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Ridge, Irene, and J. M. Pillinger. "Towards Understanding the Nature of Algal Inhibitors from Barley Straw." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 301–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_48.

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Barrett, P. R. F., J. W. Littlejohn, and J. Curnow. "Long-term algal control in a reservoir using barley straw." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 309–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_45.

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Chand, Rumi, Takanori Watari, Toshio Torikai, Mitsunori Yada, and Katsutoshi Inoue. "Adsorption Behavior of Barley Straw Carbon for Chromium (VI) Ion." In Eco-Materials Processing and Design IX, 213–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-472-3.213.

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Kumari, Parveen, Sonika Banyal, Prerna Sethi, and Ankur Luthra. "Valorization of Barley Straw and Husk: Valorization Methods and Packaging Applications." In Agro-Wastes for Packaging Applications, 66–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003453277-4.

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García-Aparicio, María P., Mercedes Ballesteros, Paloma Manzanares, Ignacio Ballesteros, Alberto González, and M. José Negro. "Xylanase Contribution to the Efficiency of Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Barley Straw." In Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology, 353–65. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-181-3_31.

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Barrett, P. R. F., J. C. Curnow, and J. W. Littlejohn. "The control of diatom and cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs using barley straw." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 307–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_49.

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Zhu, Zhe, Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, and Guanyi Chen. "Subcritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Barley Straw in Fresh Water and Recycled Aqueous Phase." In World Sustainable Energy Days Next 2014, 121–28. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04355-1_15.

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Kuzmin, A. M. "Influence of Compatibilizator on the Operational and Technological Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Filled with Fine Barley Straw." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 325–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54652-6_49.

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Mayer, M., C. H. P. Einfeldt, S. Ceccarelli, M. Blümmel, A. Gland, and H. H. Geiger. "Straw Quality of Barley in the Dry Areas of North Syria from a Breeder’s Point of View." In Developments in Plant Breeding, 239–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0966-6_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Straw barley":

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Kingsley L. Iroba, Lope G. Tabil, Meda Venkatesh, and Baik Oon-Doo. "Thermal properties of lignocellulosic biomass barley straw." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131594972.

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"Briquetting of wheat, barley, canola and oat straw." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152181098.

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Cherepukhina, I. V., M. V. Kolesnikova, N. V. Bezler, A. I. Gromovik, N. S. Gorbunova, and Yu Yu Khatuntseva. "Application of micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra) to accelerate the decomposition of grain crops straw." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.24.

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One of the ways to maintain soil fertility is to use organic fertilizers. One of them can be straw of cereal crops (winter wheat and barley). However, the process of its decomposition can be delayed for several years. It is possible to accelerate the transformation process by using the native strain of cellulosolytic micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016). Its introduction together with straw before plowing stabilizes agrophytocenosis. The experiments were carried out in laboratory under simulated conditions close to field ones. Scheme of the experiment: 1. Straw; 2. Straw + N (40 mg/4 g, which corresponds to 40 kg/ha); 3. Straw + N + H. fuscoatra + PC (nutritional supplement – molasses) (Kolesnikova M.V., 2014). As a result of the studies, it was established that winter wheat straw without additional components lost 0.86 g in weight (from the initial 4 g), 1.03 g when adding nitrogen fertilizer to the straw, and 1.49 g when using H. fuscoatra. We found that the addition of nitrogen to the straw stimulate the process of its transformation. Straw with nitrogen decompose faster than straw without any additives (by 41.5%). However, the addition of the native strain of micromycete accelerate the process by 48.3%. Barley straw lost 0.82 g in weight, straw with nitrogen fertilizer lost 1.06 g, straw and H. fuscoatra – 1.13 g. Further, the decomposition rate increased in the following row: straw → straw + N, where the speed was 26.7% higher → straw + N + H. fuscoatra, the decomposition rate is – 85.3% higher.
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Kingsley L Iroba and Lope G Tabil. "Densification of Radio Frequency Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass Barley Straw." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41826.

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Shuliko, N. N. "THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE OF SPRING BARLEY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-270-274.

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The biological activity of the rhizosphere soil increased upon the application of mineral fertilizers (N18P42) and their combination with straw (N18P42 + straw) by 58 and 70 %, in comparison to the control. Of the three studied factors, the application of mineral fertilizers had the highest positive effect on the number of microorganisms in the barley rhizosphere, both separately and in combination with the studied factors.
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Aqsha, A., M. M. Tijani, and N. Mahinpey. "Catalytic pyrolysis of straw biomasses (wheat, flax, oat and barley straw) and the comparison of their product yields." In ENERGY QUEST 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eq140942.

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Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi, Manouchehr Heidarpour, Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard, Ali Madani, Sayed-Farhad Mousavi, Mahdi Gheysari, and Mehran Shirvani. "Nitrate Removal of Drainage Water with Barley Straw as a Bioreactor Filter." In 9th International Drainage Symposium held jointly with CIGR and CSBE/SCGAB Proceedings, 13-16 June 2010, Québec City Convention Centre, Quebec City, Canada. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32146.

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"Enhancing the physical quality of barley straw pellets by optimizing biological pretreatment." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162447920.

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"Enhancing the physical quality of barley straw pellets by optimizing biological pretreatment." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162455623.

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Salapa, Ioanna, Panagiotis Haralampous, Georgios Giakoumakis, Antonios Nazos, and Dimitrios Sidiras. "Torrefaction of Barley Straw for the Co-Production of Energy and Adsorbent Materials." In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccpe18.108.

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Reports on the topic "Straw barley":

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Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.

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Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.

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