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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stratosphere research

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stratosphere research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stratosphere research"

1

Wang, Dongxiang, and Iwona S. Stachlewska. "Stratospheric Smoke Properties Based on Lidar Observations in Autumn 2017 Over Warsaw." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023702033.

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Smoke layers in the stratosphere were observed during autumn 2017 using PollyXT-UW Raman lidar at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network in the frame of the Aerosol Cloud and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure, i.e. the EARLINET-ACTRIS site in Warsaw, Poland. The analysis was focused on discriminating very weak signatures of smoke layers in the stratosphere and investigating their optical properties. Preliminary results are presented and discussed. A decrease of the lidar-derived stratospheric aerosol optical depth contribution to the total optical depth was detected after the stratospheric smoke particles circled Northern Hemisphere.

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Shao, Min, Yansong Bao, George P. Petropoulos, and Hongfang Zhang. "A Two-Season Impact Study of Radiative Forced Tropospheric Response to Stratospheric Initial Conditions Inferred From Satellite Radiance Assimilation." Climate 7, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7090114.

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This study investigated the impacts of stratospheric temperatures and their variations on tropospheric short-term weather forecasting using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) system with real satellite data assimilation. Satellite-borne microwave stratospheric temperature measurements up to 1 mb, from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and the Special Sensor microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMI/S), were assimilated into the WRF model over the continental U.S. during winter and summer 2015 using the community Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system. Adjusted stratospheric temperature related to upper stratospheric ozone absorption of short-wave (SW) radiation further lead to vibration in downward SW radiation in winter predictions and overall reduced with a maximum of 5.5% reduction of downward SW radiation in summer predictions. Stratospheric signals in winter need 48- to 72-h to propagate to the lower troposphere while near-instant tropospheric response to the stratospheric initial conditions are observed in summer predictions. A schematic plot illustrated the physical processes of the coupled stratosphere and troposphere related to radiative processes. Our results suggest that the inclusion of the entire stratosphere and better representation of the upper stratosphere are important in regional NWP systems in short-term forecasts.

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Wu, Zheng, and Thomas Reichler. "Variations in the Frequency of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings in CMIP5 and CMIP6 and Possible Causes." Journal of Climate 33, no. 23 (December 2020): 10305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0104.1.

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AbstractThe climatological frequency of stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs) is an important dynamical characteristic of the extratropical stratosphere. However, modern climate models have difficulties in simulating this frequency, with many models either considerably under- or overestimating the observational estimates. Past research has found that models with a higher upper lid tend to simulate a higher and more realistic number of SSWs. The present study revisits this issue and investigates causes for biases in the simulated SSW frequency from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. It is found that variations in the frequency are closely related to 1) the strength of the polar vortex and 2) the upward-propagating wave activity in the stratosphere. While it is difficult to explain the variations in the polar vortex strength from the available model output, the stratospheric wave activity is influenced by different aspects of the climatological mean state of the atmosphere in the lower stratosphere. We further find that models with a finer vertical resolution in the stratosphere are overall more realistic: vertical resolution is associated with a smaller cold bias above the extratropical tropopause, more upward-propagating wave activity in the lower stratosphere, and a higher frequency of SSWs. We conclude that not only a high model lid but also a fine vertical resolution in the stratosphere is important for simulating the dynamical variability of the stratosphere.

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Ekhwan Toriman, Mohd, Musa Garba Abdullahi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Roslan Umar, Aliyu Muhammad Nalado, and Md Firoz Khan. "Trends Analysis of Ozone Hole Annual Records Using SBUV Data Version 8.6 (1979 to 2017 Datasets)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16858.

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Ozone is the triatomic of oxygen forms within the Earth's atmosphere from the ultraviolet dissociation of oxygen molecules, within tropical stratosphere. It is conveyed toward the extratropics through the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), generating a layer in the stratosphere known as a protective ozone layer. The data from NASA and NOAA measurements of ozone shows that the ozone layer has stopped deteriorating across the world; nonetheless no strong intensification has been detected at latitudes amongst 60° S and 60° N in the outer the Polar Regions within 60° to 90°.In this study, the evidence of the ozone hole from satellite measurements, and evidence that ozone within the lower stratosphere at the amid of 60° S and 60° N has continuous to decline after the Montreal Protocol. This study explained that, upper stratospheric ozone is improving; the recent descending trend in the lower stratosphere prevails, consequential in a descending trend in stratospheric ozone amongst 60° S and 60° N. The trend indicated that by 2060 to 2080, the ozone hole is expecting to have complete heal. Hence, the details for the continual decrease of ozone in the lower stratosphere are not clear; this study models do not prescribe these trends, and thus is a gap for another research.

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Akhil Raj, Sivan Thankamani, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddam Venkata Krishna Murthy. "Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and water vapor over the Indian region." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018.

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Abstract. We have investigated the long-term trends in and variabilities of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and temperature over the Indian monsoon region using the long-term data constructed from multi-satellite (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS MLS and HALOE, 1993–2005), Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, 2004–2015), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER, 2002–2015) on board TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics)) observations covering the period 1993–2015. We have selected two locations, namely, Trivandrum (8.4∘ N, 76.9∘ E) and New Delhi (28∘ N, 77∘ E), covering northern and southern parts of the Indian region. We also used observations from another station, Gadanki (13.5∘ N, 79.2∘ E), for comparison. A decreasing trend in ozone associated with NOx chemistry in the tropical middle stratosphere is found, and the trend turned to positive in the upper stratosphere. Temperature shows a cooling trend in the stratosphere, with a maximum around 37 km over Trivandrum (−1.71 ± 0.49 K decade−1) and New Delhi (−1.15 ± 0.55 K decade−1). The observed cooling trend in the stratosphere over Trivandrum and New Delhi is consistent with Gadanki lidar observations during 1998–2011. The water vapor shows a decreasing trend in the lower stratosphere and an increasing trend in the middle and upper stratosphere. A good correlation between N2O and O3 is found in the middle stratosphere (∼ 10 hPa) and poor correlation in the lower stratosphere. There is not much regional difference in the water vapor and temperature trends. However, upper stratospheric ozone trends over Trivandrum and New Delhi are different. The trend analysis carried out by varying the initial year has shown significant changes in the estimated trend. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry; troposphere – composition and chemistry) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)

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Taguchi, Masakazu. "Predictability of stratospheric sudden warming and vortex intensification and their effects on the troposphere." Impact 2020, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.3.14.

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The atmosphere of the Earth is composed of several different layers that extend out into space. The layer that occupies between the first 9 and 17 km from the Earth's surface is the troposphere, where most of our weather occurs. The stratosphere extends above it up to about 50 km altitude. Associate Professor Masakazu Taguchi at the Department of Earth Science, Aichi University of Education in Japan, is currently focusing his research on understanding the dynamical interaction between the extratropical stratosphere and troposphere and the role of stratospheric variations in the weather and climate.

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Urban, J., M. Pommier, D. P. Murtagh, M. L. Santee, and Y. J. Orsolini. "Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2009 – Part 1: A global climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 23, 2009): 7031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7031-2009.

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Abstract. The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board the Odin satellite, launched in February 2001, observes thermal emissions of stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) originating from the Earth limb in a band centred at 544.6 GHz. Height-resolved measurements of the global distribution of nitric acid in the stratosphere were performed approximately on two observation days per week. An HNO3 climatology based on more than 7 years of observations from August 2001 to April 2009 covering the vertical range between typically ~19 and 45 km (~1.5–60 hPa or ~500–1800 K in terms of potential temperature) was created. The study highlights the spatial and seasonal variation of nitric acid in the stratosphere, characterised by a pronounced seasonal cycle at middle and high latitudes with maxima during late fall and minima during spring, strong denitrification in the lower stratosphere of the Antarctic polar vortex during winter (the irreversible removal of NOy by the sedimentation of cloud particles containing HNO3), as well as large quantities of HNO3 formed every winter at high-latitudes in the middle and upper stratosphere. A strong inter-annual variability is observed in particular at high latitudes. A comparison with a stratospheric HNO3 climatology, based on over 7 years of UARS/MLS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite/Microwave Limb Sounder) measurements from the 1990s, shows good consistency and agreement of the main morphological features in the potential temperature range ~465 to ~960 K, if the different characteristics of the data sets such as the better altitude resolution of Odin/SMR as well as the slightly different altitude ranges are considered. Odin/SMR reaches higher up and UARS/MLS lower down in the stratosphere. An overview from 1991 to 2009 of stratospheric nitric acid is provided (with a short gap between 1998 and 2001), if the global measurements of both experiments are taken together.

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Schanz, A., K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, S. Chabrillat, A. Inness, M. Palm, J. Notholt, I. Boyd, A. Parrish, and Y. Kasai. "The diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone from the MACC reanalysis, the ERA-Interim reanalysis, WACCM and Earth observation data: characteristics and intercomparison." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (December 22, 2014): 32667–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32667-2014.

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Abstract. In this study we compare the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone derived from free-running simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and from reanalysis data of the atmospheric service MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) which both use a similar stratospheric chemistry module. We find good agreement between WACCM and the MACC reanalysis for the diurnal ozone variation in the high-latitude summer stratosphere based on photochemistry. In addition, we consult the ozone data product of the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The ERA-Interim reanalysis ozone system with its long-term ozone parametrization can not capture these diurnal variations in the upper stratosphere that are due to photochemistry. The good dynamics representations, however, reflects well dynamically induced ozone variations in the lower stratosphere. For the high-latitude winter stratosphere we describe a novel feature of diurnal variation in ozone where changes of up to 46.6% (3.3 ppmv) occur in monthly mean data. For this effect good agreement between the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the MACC reanalysis suggest quite similar diurnal advection processes of ozone. The free-running WACCM model seriously underestimates the role of diurnal advection processes at the polar vortex at the two tested resolutions. The intercomparison of the MACC reanalysis and the ERA-Interim reanalysis demonstrates how global reanalyses can benefit from a chemical representation held by a chemical transport model. The MACC reanalysis provides an unprecedented description of the dynamics and photochemistry of the diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone which is of high interest for ozone trend analysis and research on atmospheric tides. We confirm the diurnal variation in ozone at 5 hPa by observations of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) experiment and selected sites of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The latter give valuable insight even to diurnal variation of ozone in the polar winter stratosphere.

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Haarig, Moritz, Holger Baars, Albert Ansmann, Ronny Engelmann, Kevin Ohneiser, Cristofer Jimenez, Dietrich Althausen, et al. "Wildfire Smoke in the Stratosphere Over Europe–First Measurements of Depolarization and Lidar Ratios at 355, 532, and 1064 nm." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023702036.

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Canadian wildfire smoke was detected in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Europe in August and September 2017. Lidar measurements from various stations of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) observed the stratospheric smoke layer. Triple-wavelength (355, 532, and 1064 nm) lidar measurements of the depolarization and the lidar ratio are reported from Leipzig, Germany. The particle linear depolarization ratio of the wildfire smoke in the stratosphere had an exceptional strong wavelength dependence reaching from 0.22 at 355 nm, to 0.18 at 532 nm, and 0.04 at 1064 nm. The lidar ratio increased with wavelength from 40±16 sr at 355 nm, to 66±12 sr at 532 nm, and 92±27 sr at 1064 nm. The development of the stratospheric smoke plume over several months was studied by long-term lidar measurements in Cyprus. The stratospheric smoke layers increased in altitude up to 24 km height.

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Cairo, F., J. P. Pommereau, K. S. Law, H. Schlager, A. Garnier, F. Fierli, M. Ern, et al. "An overview of the SCOUT-AMMA stratospheric aircraft, balloons and sondes campaign in West Africa, August 2006: rationale, roadmap and highlights." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (September 23, 2009): 19713–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-19713-2009.

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Abstract. A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July and 25 August 2006, in the frame of the concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period and SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica was deployed in Ouagadougou (12.3° N, 1.7° W), Burkina Faso, in conjunction with the German D-20 Falcon, while a series of stratospheric balloon and sonde flights were conducted from Niamey (13.5° N, 2.0° E), Niger. The stratospheric aircraft and balloon flights intended to gather experimental evidence for a better understanding of large scale transport, assessing the effect of lightning on NOx production, and studying the impact of intense mesoscale convective systems on water, aerosol, dust and chemical species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The M55 Geophysica carried out five local and four transfer flights between southern Europe and the Sahel and back, while eight stratospheric balloons and twenty-nine sondes were flown from Niamey. These experiments allowed a characterization of the tropopause and lower stratosphere of the region. We provide here an overview of the campaign activities together with a description of the general meteorological situation during the flights and a summary of the observations accomplished.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stratosphere research"

1

Venters, Peter. "The pressure modulation system in the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303614.

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Werrett, Stephen T. R. "Aspects of the design of a satellite borne infra-red radiometer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303618.

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Roell, Marilee May. "Observed decadal variations of the zonal mean hygropause and its relationship to changes in the transport barrier." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45808.

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This study examines the long-term record of lower stratospheric water vapor focusing on the 20-year data record from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II). The SAGE II zonal monthly mean water vapor data was enhanced to include the aerosol heavy late 1980s through the use of aerosol extinction filtering of the data. Comparisons between the SAGE II lower stratospheric water vapor and the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) are performed. This study further focuses on the minimum lower stratospheric water vapor (i.e., hygropause) and on the dehydration seen in the hygropause with examination of the transport barrier at both the tropical tropopause and the tropopause folding region between the tropics and extra-tropics that would account for this decadal variation. The effects of aerosol contamination on the SAGE II water vapor retrievals from four volcanic eruptions from 1984 to 1992 were examined, leading to a four level filtering of the SAGE II water vapor data to allow retention of good data from early in the data record. With the improved filtered water vapor data, monthly and seasonal time series analyses show a significant decadal variation in the lower stratosphere for all months where the satellite coverage provided data from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. This decadal variation documents a decrease in the water vapor from below approximately 25 km to below the tropopause with this decrease seen in the hygropause from the tropics to the poles. Analysis of the hygropause for all months provided a statistically significant consistent neutral or decreasing value in the long-term water vapor minimum. March was shown to be the seasonal minimum in the hygropause over this 20-year low aerosol record, followed by a discontinuity in the minimum abundance after 2000. Three transport pathways for transport of water vapor from the moist troposphere to the lower stratosphere include the tropical tropopause, isentropic transport at the sub-tropical jet locations, and meridional transport from the tropics to the midlatitudes above the hygropause. The tropical tropopause temperatures were examined using the new Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set. Analysis showed a significant decrease in the tropical and sub-tropical tropopause temperatures over the 20-year timeframe for the DJF season preceding the March minimum. The lower temperatures would provide a colder "cold trap" at the tropopause, further "freeze drying" the air seasonally transported from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere, providing the long-term dehydration in the hygropause and lower stratosphere. The Ertel's Potential Vorticity (EPV or PV) was examined as a proxy for the sub-tropical jet movement towards the poles over this long-term record. Changes in this pathway location may affect the efficiency of isentropic transport of moist tropospheric air into the lower stratosphere at these higher latitudes. Analysis using the MERRA zonal EPV and maximum zonal Uwind data showed a statistically significant shift in the locations of the contours towards the SH poles over this 20-year timeframe for the DJF, DJFM seasons and the month of December. The meridional winds above the tropopause show an increase over the 20-year record covered by SAGE II water vapor data. These increasing winds are consistent with the increase in the Brewer-Dobson circulation shown in other studies. The colder tropopause temperatures along with the increasing Brewer-Dobson circulation just above the tropopause, are the likely cause for the decreasing water vapor trend as seen in the SAGE II March hygropause over the 20-years from 1986-2005.

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4

Spoto, D., O. Cosentino, and F. Fiorica. "Transmed, a Scientific Mission Based on Stratospheric Balloons Using S-Band Telemetry Telecommand." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611634.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
After briefly presenting the TRANSMED mission, the configuration of the Telemetry and Telecommand links is illustrated and the their dimensioning is analyzed. Both links operate at S-band with satellite grade standards. The system composition, the main equipment and the system growth potential are thereafter presented.

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Whiteley, Nicholas Ronald. "Techniques of diode laser spectroscopy and spectroscopic studies of isotopic ozone relevant to stratospheric science." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327890.

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Sjöberg, Ludvig. "Wind Forecasts Using Large Eddy Simulations for Stratospheric Balloon Applications." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74457.

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The launch of large stratospheric balloons is highly dependant on the meteorological conditions at ground level, including wind speed. The balloon launch base Esrange Space Center in northern Sweden currently uses forecasts delivered through the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute to predict opportunities for balloon launches. However the staff at Esrange Space Center experience that the current forecasts are not accurate enough. For that reason the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to improve the forecast. The model performs a Large Eddy Simulation over the area closest to Esrange Space Center to predict wind speed and turbulence. During twelve hypothetical launch days the improved forecast have an overall accuracy of 93% compared to the old forecast accuracy of 69%. With some improvements and the right computational power the system is thought to be operationally viable.

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Oehrlein, Jessica. "Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Their Impact on Northern Hemisphere Winter Climate." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5sry-2p27.

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Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are a key driver of winter climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. SSWs are a disruption of the strong stratospheric westerlies over the winter pole in which the winds in the upper to middle stratosphere, from about 30 to 50 km above the surface, weaken and reverse and the polar cap temperatures increase by up to 50 K in only a few days. These events affect tropospheric conditions for the two months following, on average shifting the North Atlantic storm track equatorward and resulting in a negative Northern Annular Mode and North Atlantic Oscillation at the surface. These changes are associated with colder and drier than average conditions in Northern Europe and Eurasia and warmer and wetter than average conditions across Southern Europe, as well as high temperatures across North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia and increased cold air outbreaks in North America and Eurasia. This thesis examines this typical surface response to SSWs in several different contexts. We consider its relationship to other atmospheric phenomena and features, first quantifying its importance relative to the North Atlantic impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and then examining the role of ozone chemistry in modeling the surface response to SSWs. We also study the variability of the surface signature of SSWs, with the goal of understanding the uncertainty in magnitude and spatial pattern of surface climate patterns following SSWs and the relative roles of different sources of this uncertainty. After providing background and context in the first chapter, the second chapter studies interactions between SSWs and the El Niño phase of ENSO. El Niño affects climate in the North Atlantic and European regions, those most affected by SSWs, through tropospheric and stratospheric pathways. One of these pathways is increased SSW frequency. However, most SSWs (about 90\%) are unrelated to ENSO, and the importance for boreal winter surface climate of this frequency increase compared to other El Niño pathways remains to be quantified. We here contrast these two sources of variability using two 200-member ensembles of one-year integrations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, one ensemble with prescribed El Niño sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and one with neutral-ENSO SSTs. We form composites of wintertime climate anomalies, with and without SSWs, in each ensemble and contrast them to a basic state represented by neutral-ENSO winters without SSWs. This approach allows us to isolate the distinct effects of ENSO and SSWs more clearly than was done in previous work. We find that El Niño and SSWs both result in negative North Atlantic Oscillation anomalies and have comparable impacts on European precipitation, but SSWs cause larger Eurasian cooling. These results indicate the potential impact of a strong El Niño on seasonal forecasting in the North Atlantic as well as the importance of resolving the stratosphere in subseasonal and seasonal forecast models to best capture stratospheric polar vortex variability. In the third chapter, we study the importance of interactive ozone chemistry in representing the stratospheric polar vortex and Northern Hemisphere winter surface climate variability. Modeling and observational studies have reported effects of stratospheric ozone extremes on Northern Hemisphere spring climate. Recent work has further suggested that the coupling of ozone chemistry and dynamics amplifies the surface response to midwinter SSWs. We contrast two 200-year simulations from the interactive and specified chemistry (and thus ozone) versions of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with constant year-2000 forcings. This experiment is thus designed to clearly isolate the impact of interactive ozone on polar vortex variability. In particular, we analyze the response with and without interactive chemistry to midwinter SSWs, March SSWs, and strong polar vortex events (SPVs). With interactive chemistry, the stratospheric polar vortex is stronger, and more SPVs occur, but we find little effect on the frequency of midwinter SSWs. At the surface, interactive chemistry results in a pattern resembling a more negative North Atlantic Oscillation following midwinter SSWs, but with little impact on the surface signatures of late winter SSWs and SPVs. These results suggest that including interactive ozone chemistry in model simulations is important for representing North Atlantic and European winter climate variability. In the fourth chapter, we turn from models to reanalysis and consider the uncertainty in the surface response to SSWs. While the qualitative features of the mean surface signature of SSWs in the North Atlantic and Europe are well-established, its uncertainties as well as other features of surface climate following SSWs are less well-understood. To address the question of robustness of the mean observed response to SSWs, we use bootstrapping with replacement to construct synthetic SSW composites from SSW events in reanalysis, creating an ensemble of composites comparable to the observed one. We then examine the differences across these synthetic composites. We find that the canonical responses of a negative North Atlantic Oscillation and associated temperature and precipitation anomalies in the North Atlantic and European regions in the months following SSWs are robust. However, the magnitude and spatial pattern of these anomalies vary considerably across the composites. We further find that this uncertainty is unrelated to vortex strength and is instead the result of unrelated tropospheric variability. These results have implications for evaluating the fidelity of forecast models in capturing the surface impact of SSWs, by comparing both the mean impact as well as the contribution from internal variability with observations. Overall, we demonstrate the complexity of interactions of sudden stratospheric warmings with other sources of variability in the Earth system. We find that the state of the polar vortex itself, the strength of downward propagation following the SSW, and the surface response can all be affected in important ways by these other components (e.g. tropospheric variability and Arctic ozone). We close by providing broader context for these results and looking towards continuing and future work in the field.

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Books on the topic "Stratosphere research"

1

Stratospheric flight: Aeronautics at the limit. New York: Springer, 2011.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development., ed. Stratospheric ozone depletion: A focus on EPA's research. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1995.

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Burke, Patrick. Stratospheric ozone depletion: A focus on EPA's research. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1995.

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Burke, Patrick. Stratospheric ozone depletion: A focus on EPA's research. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1995.

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Burke, Patrick. Stratospheric ozone depletion: A focus on EPA's research. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1995.

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Workshop Italian Research on Antarctic Atmosphere (5th 1992 Porano, Italy). 5th Workshop, Italian Research on Antarctic Atmosphere: Porano, 19-21 October 1992. Bologna, Italy: Italian Physical Society, 1994.

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Workshop Italian Research on Antarctic Atmosphere (8th 1999 Bologna, Italy). 8th Workshop, Italian Research on Antarctic Atmosphere: Bologna, 20-22 October 1999. Bologna, Italy: Italian Physical Society, 2000.

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Tilmes, Simone. Chemical ozone loss in the arctic polar stratosphere: An analysis of twelve years of satellite observations. Jülich: Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2004.

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Chen, B. B. Stratosfernyĭ aėrozolʹnyĭ sloĭ nad T︠S︡entralʹnoĭ Azieĭ. Bishkek: Kyrgyzsko-rossiĭskiĭ slavi︠a︡nskiĭ universitet, 2000.

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Fuller, W. H. 48-inch lidar aerosol measurements taken at the Langley Research Center: May 1974 to December 1987. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stratosphere research"

1

Geller, Marvin A. "Middle atmosphere research before Alan Plumb." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 5–22. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000871.

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Beekmann, M., G. Ancellet, S. Blonsky, D. De Muer, A. Ebel, H. Elbern, J. Hendricks, et al. "Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange: Regional and Global Tropopause Folding Occurrence." In Tropospheric Ozone Research, 131–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58729-0_6.

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Waters, Joe W. "The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)." In The Stratosphere and Its Role in the Climate System, 345–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03327-2_20.

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Riese, Martin. "Physical and Chemical Processes in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere." In Atmospheric Research From Different Perspectives, 19–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06495-6_3.

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Ho, S. P., W. He, and Y. H. Kuo. "Construction of Consistent Temperature Records in the Lower Stratosphere Using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation Data and Microwave Sounding Measurements." In New Horizons in Occultation Research, 207–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00321-9_17.

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Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., and Peter Jenniskens. "Recognizing Leonid Meteoroids among the Collected Stratospheric Dust." In Leonid Storm Research, 505–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2071-7_36.

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Post, Boyd W. "The USDA Global Change Research Program." In Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere, 297–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_42.

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Rummukainen, Markku, Esko Kyrö, Ivar S. A. Isaksen, Frode Stordal, and Bjørg Rognerud. "Stratospheric Ozone Research in Finland, Focusing on Atmospheric Modelling." In Atmospheric Ozone as a Climate Gas, 363–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79869-6_22.

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Angerhausen, Daniel. "Exoplanet Research with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)." In Handbook of Exoplanets, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_191-1.

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Angerhausen, Daniel. "Exoplanet Research with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)." In Handbook of Exoplanets, 1085–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_191.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stratosphere research"

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Dumas, Antonio, Michele Trancossi, and Stefano Anzillotti. "An Airship Design Methodology Based on Available Solar Energy in Low Stratosphere." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38931.

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The actual applicative research concerning airships and their use as HAP (High Altitude Platforms for telecommunications and military use) presents new applicative hypothesis of these systems, also concerning energetic high quote production. Authors present the energetic balance of a high quote photovoltaic platform with capability of static hovering realized by electric powered propellers. This is the first step trough the design of the P. S. I. C. H. E. (Photovoltaic Space Island for Conversion of Hydrogen as Energy vector) airship concept: a stratospheric airship which could be considered a platform for hydrogen and oxygen production by photovoltaic. It investigates the behaviour of a similar platform operating at altitudes between 10 and 20 km, positioned at 45° latitude north [1, 2]. This paper analyses the design process for a High Altitude Platform based on photovoltaic energy caption, but the process could be generalized in order to be applied to any airship project. It is considers airship shapes equipped with large PV array that covers energy request during the day. Surplus in power supplies electrolyser equipments for hydrogen and oxygen production from water, which could be captured by atmospheric humidity or brought by an auxiliary airship. Hydrogen and Oxygen are compressed and stored in gas cylinders. With insufficient solar irradiance, with severe wind conditions and during the night, a fuel cell system fed by hydrogen and oxygen tanks supplies power requirements. The Standard Atmosphere Model is used to evaluate PV performance at various operative altitudes. A propulsion system with electric motors grants airship manoeuvrability and hovering. Energy balance of PV-hydrogen energy supply system has been analyzed for three airship shapes with equal volume with concern of overabundant hydrogen and oxygen production. Total weight and payload are calculated in relation to altitude. Storage tanks dimensions and products ground transportation frequency has been estimated. Hydrogen annual production for PV square meter has been evaluated in relation to ground production at the same latitude.

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Kang, Young Seok, Dong Ho Rhee, Byeung Jun Lim, Sangook Jun, Tae Choon Park, Yang Ji Lee, and Yong Min Jun. "Design of Turbo-Compression System for HALE UAV Propulsion System." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83354.

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A turbo-compression system design and its performance analysis procedure for a high altitude long endurance UAV (HALE UAV), of which cruising altitude is within the stratosphere, is presented. To fly at a relatively low speed for a long time and to make engine performance less sensitive to flight altitude, a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine was chosen for a propulsion system. To utilize an internal combustion engine as a propulsion system at a high altitude, a proper inlet pressure boost system such as a series of turbochargers is required. Hydrogen is highly reactive gas and sometimes backfiring or preignition may occur due to its low ignition energy at stoichiometric ratio. Therefore, fuel to air ratio should be reduced as low as 0.6 to avoid such phenomena. Then rarefied ambient intake air pressure should be boosted up to 1.7 bar to produce required power from the lean burn engine. To gain high pressure ratio from the turbo compression system, at least three stage serial turbocharger with proper intercooler system at each compressor exhaust is required. To analyze multi-stage turbocharger performance at the cruising altitude, an explicit one-dimensional analysis method has been established mainly by matching required power between compressors and turbines. Each compressor performances were corrected according to Reynolds number at a given flight altitude. Compressor efficiency and surge margin deteriorate as the operating altitude increases. Then compressor efficiencies were reflected as functions of flight altitude and corresponding Reynolds number. Once operating points of each turbocharger was determined, then adequate turbochargers were searched for from commercially available models based on performance analysis results. Also, adequate water to air intercoolers were chosen for the turbo-compression system to secure flexibility of placing main components inside the engine bay as well as to obtain high heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchangers. Based on the designed turbo-compression system, technical demonstration test of the turbo-compression system inside altitude environment test chamber in Korea Aerospace Research Institute is planned. Altitude condition in stratosphere is simulated mainly with two stage centrifugal compressor and additional fan will be used to fine control the flight altitude. The turbo compression system will be controlled with a single waste gate located just downstream of the engine to secure simple controllability of the turbo compression system. The test results will validate main components as well as system layout design methods and give more reliable control schedule of the turbo compressions system according to the flight altitude.

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Puricer, Pavel, Pavel Kovar, Jan Mikes, and Jakub Kakona. "Telemetry system for research stratospheric balloon." In 2017 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ae.2017.8053608.

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Wei Li, Haoge Ma, and Zhiwei Cai. "A research on the Stratosphereic Sudden Warming." In 2011 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csqrwc.2011.6037256.

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Wong, A. Y. "Research on mitigation of stratospheric ozone depletion." In Advances in plasma physics. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46747.

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Bingaman, Don C., Christian V. Rice, James L. Mace, Wake Smith, and Mark K. Holly. "Stratospheric Aerosol Research Experiments and Aircraft for Solar Geoengineering." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1681.

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Stern, S. Alan, Jane Poynter, and Taber MacCallum. "World view stratospheric ballooning capabilities, research, and commercial applications." In 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943931.

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Билетов, М. Д., И. М. Зверева, А. А. Зыкина, В. В. Радченко, О. В. Раша, and И. Н. Смовж. "ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ ПРОЕКТНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ПО ЯДЕРНОЙ ФИЗИКЕ НА ТЕМУ «АДИАЦИОННЫЙ МОНИТОРИНГ»." In Актуальные проблемы физики и технологии в образовании, науке и производстве. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/a9284-1831-0220-a.

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Анализируются некоторые результаты школьных исследовательских проектных работ по изучению мощности радиационного фона: во Владимирской области, московском метро и атмосфере при стратосферном полете. Обсуждаются методы повышения точности дозиметрических измерений: одновременное измерение несколькими дозиметрами при пространственном перемещении прибора и увеличение длительности измерений при локальных измерениях. Some results of school research works on studying the background radiation are analyzed: in the Vladimir region, in Moscow metro and in the atmosphere during stratospheric flight. Methods for improving the accuracy of dosimetric measurements are discussed: simultaneous measurement by several dosimeters during the spatial movement of the device and increasing the duration of measurements during local measurements.

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Zhang, Guhan, and Xianwu Lin. "Research on Drag Reduction of Stratospheric Airship Based on Height Control." In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8866667.

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Barnett, John J., Paul E. Morris, T. J. Nightingale, Christopher W. Palmer, Guy D. Peskett, Clive D. Rodgers, Fredric W. Taylor, et al. "Improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite." In Environmental Sensing '92, edited by Harold I. Schiff and Ulrich Platt. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.140205.

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