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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stratosphere dynamics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stratosphere dynamics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

1

Black, Robert X., and Brent A. McDaniel. "The Dynamics of Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Final Warming Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (August 2007): 2932–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3981.1.

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A lag composite analysis is performed of the zonal-mean structure and dynamics of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric final warming (SFW) events. SFW events are linked to distinct zonal wind deceleration signatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. The period of strongest stratospheric decelerations (SD) is marked by a concomitant reduction in the high-latitude tropospheric westerlies. However, a subsequent period of tropospheric decelerations (TD) occurs while the stratospheric circulation relaxes toward climatological conditions. During SFW onset, a wavenumber-1 disturbance at stratospheric altitudes evolves into a circumpolar anticyclonic circulation anomaly. Transformed Eulerian-mean dynamical diagnoses reveal that the SD period is characterized by an anomalous upward Eliassen–Palm (EP) signature at high latitudes extending from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The associated wave-driving pattern consists of zonal decelerations extending from the upper troposphere to the midstratosphere. Piecewise potential vorticity tendency analyses further indicate that zonal wind decelerations in the lower and middle troposphere result, at least in part, from the direct response to latitudinal redistributions of potential vorticity occurring in the lower stratosphere. The TD period exhibits a distinct dynamical behavior with anomalous downward EP fluxes in the high-latitude stratosphere as the zero zonal wind line descends toward the tropopause. This simultaneously allows the stratospheric polar vortex to radiatively recover while providing anomalous upper-tropospheric zonal decelerations (as tropospheric Rossby wave activity is vertically trapped in the high-latitude troposphere). The tropospheric decelerations that occur during the TD period are regarded as a subsequent indirect consequence of SFW events.

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Baldwin, Mark P., Thomas Birner, Guy Brasseur, John Burrows, Neal Butchart, Rolando Garcia, Marvin Geller, et al. "100 Years of Progress in Understanding the Stratosphere and Mesosphere." Meteorological Monographs 59 (January 1, 2019): 27.1–27.62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-19-0003.1.

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Abstract The stratosphere contains ~17% of Earth’s atmospheric mass, but its existence was unknown until 1902. In the following decades our knowledge grew gradually as more observations of the stratosphere were made. In 1913 the ozone layer, which protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation, was discovered. From ozone and water vapor observations, a first basic idea of a stratospheric general circulation was put forward. Since the 1950s our knowledge of the stratosphere and mesosphere has expanded rapidly, and the importance of this region in the climate system has become clear. With more observations, several new stratospheric phenomena have been discovered: the quasi-biennial oscillation, sudden stratospheric warmings, the Southern Hemisphere ozone hole, and surface weather impacts of stratospheric variability. None of these phenomena were anticipated by theory. Advances in theory have more often than not been prompted by unexplained phenomena seen in new stratospheric observations. From the 1960s onward, the importance of dynamical processes and the coupled stratosphere–troposphere circulation was realized. Since approximately 2000, better representations of the stratosphere—and even the mesosphere—have been included in climate and weather forecasting models. We now know that in order to produce accurate seasonal weather forecasts, and to predict long-term changes in climate and the future evolution of the ozone layer, models with a well-resolved stratosphere with realistic dynamics and chemistry are necessary.

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Ivy, Diane J., Susan Solomon, and Harald E. Rieder. "Radiative and Dynamical Influences on Polar Stratospheric Temperature Trends." Journal of Climate 29, no. 13 (June 21, 2016): 4927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0503.1.

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Abstract Radiative and dynamical heating rates control stratospheric temperatures. In this study, radiative temperature trends due to ozone depletion and increasing well-mixed greenhouse gases from 1980 to 2000 in the polar stratosphere are directly evaluated, and the dynamical contributions to temperature trends are estimated as the residual between the observed and radiative trends. The radiative trends are obtained from a seasonally evolving fixed dynamical heating calculation with the Parallel Offline Radiative Transfer model using four different ozone datasets, which provide estimates of observed ozone changes. In the spring and summer seasons, ozone depletion leads to radiative cooling in the lower stratosphere in the Arctic and Antarctic. In Arctic summer there is weak wave driving, and the radiative cooling due to ozone depletion is the dominant driver of observed trends. In late winter and early spring, dynamics dominate the changes in Arctic temperatures. In austral spring and summer in the Antarctic, strong dynamical warming throughout the mid- to lower stratosphere acts to weaken the strong radiative cooling associated with the Antarctic ozone hole and is indicative of a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. This dynamical warming is a significant term in the thermal budget over much of the Antarctic summer stratosphere, including in regions where strong radiative cooling due to ozone depletion can still lead to net cooling despite dynamical terms. Quantifying the contributions of changes in radiation and dynamics to stratospheric temperature trends is important for understanding how anthropogenic forcings have affected the historical trends and necessary for projecting the future.

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Wang, W., W. Tian, S. Dhomse, F. Xie, and J. Shu. "Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (November 12, 2013): 29447–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-29447-2013.

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Abstract. We have investigated the impact of assumed nitrous oxide (N2O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics by a series of idealized simulations. In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NOy from a changed N2O is known to decrease, but NOy can still be significantly increased by the increase of N2O. Results with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM) show that increases in N2O of 50%/100% between 2001 and 2050 result in more ozone destruction, causing a reduction in ozone mixing ratios of maximally 6%/10% in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa. This enhanced destruction could cause an ozone decline in the second half of this century in the middle stratosphere. However, the total ozone column still shows an increase in future decades, though the increase of 50%/100% in N2O caused a 2%/6% decrease in TCO compared with the reference simulation. N2O increases have significant effects on ozone trends at 20–10 hPa in the tropics and at northern high latitude, but have no significant effect on ozone trends in the Antarctic stratosphere. The ozone depletion potential for N2O in a future climate depends both on stratospheric temperature changes and tropospheric N2O changes, which have reversed effects on ozone in the middle and upper stratosphere. A 50% CO2 increase in conjunction with a 50% N2O increase cause significant ozone depletion in the middle stratosphere and lead to an increase of ozone in the upper stratosphere. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis and a series of sensitivity simulations, we find that the chemical effect of N2O increases dominates the ozone changes in the stratosphere while the dynamical and radiative effects of N2O increases are insignificant on average. However, the dynamical effect of N2O increases may cause large local changes in ozone mixing ratios, particularly, in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere.

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Grise, Kevin M., David W. J. Thompson, and Piers M. Forster. "On the Role of Radiative Processes in Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling." Journal of Climate 22, no. 15 (August 1, 2009): 4154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2756.1.

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Abstract Climate change in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar stratosphere is associated with substantial changes in the atmospheric circulation that extend to the earth’s surface. The mechanisms that drive the changes in the SH troposphere are not fully understood, but most previous hypotheses have focused on the role of atmospheric dynamics rather than that of radiation. This study quantifies the radiative response of temperatures in the SH polar troposphere to the forcing from long-term temperature and ozone trends in the SH polar stratosphere. A novel methodology is employed that explicitly neglects changes in tropospheric dynamics and hence isolates the component of the tropospheric temperature response that is radiatively driven by the overlying stratospheric trends. The results reveal that both the amplitude and seasonality of the observed cooling of the middle and upper SH polar troposphere over the past few decades are consistent with a reduction in downwelling longwave radiation induced by cooling in the SH polar stratosphere. The results are compared with analogous calculations for trends in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar stratosphere. Both the observations and radiative calculations imply that the comparatively weak trends in the NH polar stratosphere have not played a central role in driving NH tropospheric climate change. Overall, the results suggest that radiative processes play a key role in coupling the large trends in SH polar stratospheric temperatures to tropospheric levels. The tropospheric radiative temperature response documented here could be important for triggering the changes in internal tropospheric dynamics associated with stratosphere–troposphere coupling.

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Mukougawa, Hitoshi, Shunsuke Noguchi, Yuhji Kuroda, Ryo Mizuta, and Kunihiko Kodera. "Dynamics and Predictability of Downward-Propagating Stratospheric Planetary Waves Observed in March 2007." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 3533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0330.1.

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Abstract The predictability of a downward-propagating event of stratospheric planetary waves observed in early March 2007 is examined by conducting ensemble forecasts using an AGCM. It is determined that the predictable period of this event is about 7 days. Regression analysis using all members of an ensemble forecast also reveals that the downward propagation is significantly related to an amplifying quasi-stationary planetary-scale anomaly with barotropic structure in polar regions of the upper stratosphere. Moreover, the anomaly is 90° out of phase with the ensemble-mean field. Hence, the upper-stratospheric anomaly determines the subsequent vertical-propagating direction of incoming planetary waves from the troposphere by changing their vertical phase tilt, which depends on its polarity. Furthermore, the regressed anomaly is found to have similar horizontal structure to the pattern of greatest spread among members of the predicted upper-stratospheric height field, and the spread growth rate reaches a maximum prior to the occurrence of the downward propagation. Hence, the authors propose a working hypothesis that the regressed anomaly emerges as a result of the barotropic instability inherent to the upper-stratospheric circulation. In fact, the stability analysis for basic states constituting the ensemble-mean forecasted upper-stratospheric streamfunction field using a nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation on a sphere supports this hypothesis. Thus, the barotropic instability inherent to the distorted polar vortex in the upper stratosphere forced by incoming planetary waves from the troposphere determines whether the planetary waves are eventually absorbed or emitted downward in the stratosphere.

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Lee, Yun-Young, and Robert X. Black. "The Structure and Dynamics of the Stratospheric Northern Annular Mode in CMIP5 Simulations." Journal of Climate 28, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00570.1.

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Abstract The structure and dynamics of stratospheric northern annular mode (SNAM) events in CMIP5 simulations are studied, emphasizing (i) stratosphere–troposphere coupling and (ii) disparities between high-top (HT) and low-top (LT) models. Compared to HT models, LT models generally underrepresent SNAM amplitude in stratosphere, consistent with weaker polar vortex variability, as demonstrated by Charlton-Perez et al. Interestingly, however, this difference does not carry over to the associated zonal-mean SNAM signature in troposphere, which closely resembles observations in both HT and LT models. Nonetheless, a regional analysis illustrates that both HT and LT models exhibit anomalously weak and eastward shifted (compared to observations) storm track and sea level pressure anomaly patterns in association with SNAM events. Dynamical analyses of stratosphere–troposphere coupling are performed to further examine the distinction between HT and LT models. Variability in stratospheric planetary wave activity is reduced in LT models despite robust concomitant tropospheric variability. A meridional heat flux analysis indicates relatively weak vertical Rossby wave coupling in LT models consistent with the excessive damping events discussed by Shaw et al. Eliassen–Palm flux cross sections reveal that Rossby wave propagation is anomalously weak above the tropopause in LT models, suggesting that weak polar vortex variability in LT models is due, at least in part, to the inability of tropospheric planetary wave activity to enter the stratosphere. Although the results are consistent with anomalously weak vertical dynamical coupling in LT models during SNAM events, there is little impact upon attendant tropospheric variability. The physical reason behind this apparent paradox represents an important topic for future study.

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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. Rozanov, C. C. Raible, T. Peter, A. Stenke, A. I. Shapiro, et al. "Forcing of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics during the Dalton Minimum." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2013): 10951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10951-2013.

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Abstract. The response of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics to volcanic eruptions and to a decrease in solar activity during the Dalton Minimum is investigated with the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry general circulation model SOCOL-MPIOM (modeling tools for studies of SOlar Climate Ozone Links-Max Planck Institute Ocean Model) covering the time period 1780 to 1840 AD. We carried out several sensitivity ensemble experiments to separate the effects of (i) reduced solar ultra-violet (UV) irradiance, (ii) reduced solar visible and near infrared irradiance, (iii) enhanced galactic cosmic ray intensity as well as less intensive solar energetic proton events and auroral electron precipitation, and (iv) volcanic aerosols. The introduced changes of UV irradiance and volcanic aerosols significantly influence stratospheric dynamics in the early 19th century, whereas changes in the visible part of the spectrum and energetic particles have smaller effects. A reduction of UV irradiance by 15%, which represents the presently discussed highest estimate of UV irradiance change caused by solar activity changes, causes global ozone decrease below the stratopause reaching as much as 8% in the midlatitudes at 5 hPa and a significant stratospheric cooling of up to 2 °C in the mid-stratosphere and to 6 °C in the lower mesosphere. Changes in energetic particle precipitation lead only to minor changes in the yearly averaged temperature fields in the stratosphere. Volcanic aerosols heat the tropical lower stratosphere, allowing more water vapour to enter the tropical stratosphere, which, via HOx reactions, decreases upper stratospheric and mesospheric ozone by roughly 4%. Conversely, heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols reduces stratospheric NOx, leading to a 12% ozone increase in the tropics, whereas a decrease in ozone of up to 5% is found over Antarctica in boreal winter. The linear superposition of the different contributions is not equivalent to the response obtained in a simulation when all forcing factors are applied during the Dalton Minimum (DM) – this effect is especially well visible for NOx/NOy. Thus, this study also shows the non-linear behaviour of the coupled chemistry-climate system. Finally, we conclude that especially UV and volcanic eruptions dominate the changes in the ozone, temperature and dynamics while the NOx field is dominated by the energetic particle precipitation. Visible radiation changes have only very minor effects on both stratospheric dynamics and chemistry.

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Banerjee, Antara, Amy H. Butler, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Alan Robock, Isla R. Simpson, and Lantao Sun. "Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 6985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021.

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Abstract. It has been suggested that increased stratospheric sulfate aerosol loadings following large, low latitude volcanic eruptions can lead to wintertime warming over Eurasia through dynamical stratosphere–troposphere coupling. We here investigate the proposed connection in the context of hypothetical future stratospheric sulfate geoengineering in the Geoengineering Large Ensemble simulations. In those geoengineering simulations, we find that stratospheric circulation anomalies that resemble the positive phase of the Northern Annular Mode in winter are a distinguishing climate response which is absent when increasing greenhouse gases alone are prescribed. This stratospheric dynamical response projects onto the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, leading to associated side effects of this climate intervention strategy, such as continental Eurasian warming and precipitation changes. Seasonality is a key signature of the dynamically driven surface response. We find an opposite response of the North Atlantic Oscillation in summer, when no dynamical role of the stratosphere is expected. The robustness of the wintertime forced response stands in contrast to previously proposed volcanic responses.

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Jucker, M., S. Fueglistaler, and G. K. Vallis. "Maintenance of the Stratospheric Structure in an Idealized General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 11 (October 31, 2013): 3341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0305.1.

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Abstract This work explores the maintenance of the stratospheric structure in a primitive equation model that is forced by a Newtonian cooling with a prescribed radiative equilibrium temperature field. Models such as this are well suited to analyze and address questions regarding the nature of wave propagation and troposphere–stratosphere interactions. The focus lies on the lower to midstratosphere and the mean annual cycle, with its large interhemispheric variations in the radiative background state and forcing, is taken as a benchmark to be simulated with reasonable verisimilitude. A reasonably realistic basic stratospheric temperature structure is a necessary first step in understanding stratospheric dynamics. It is first shown that using a realistic radiative background temperature field based on radiative transfer calculations substantially improves the basic structure of the model stratosphere compared to previously used setups. Then, the physical processes that are needed to maintain the seasonal cycle of temperature in the lower stratosphere are explored. It is found that an improved stratosphere and seasonally varying topographically forced stationary waves are, in themselves, insufficient to produce a seasonal cycle of sufficient amplitude in the tropics, even if the topographic forcing is large. Upwelling associated with baroclinic wave activity is an important influence on the tropical lower stratosphere and the seasonal variation of tropospheric baroclinic activity contributes significantly to the seasonal cycle of the lower tropical stratosphere. Given a reasonably realistic basic stratospheric structure and a seasonal cycle in both stationary wave activity and tropospheric baroclinic instability, it is possible to obtain a seasonal cycle in the lower stratosphere of amplitude comparable to the observations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

1

Gregory, Andrew Robin. "Numerical simulations of winter stratosphere dynamics." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312414.

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Rae, Cameron Davies. "The downward influence of ozone depletion in the Arctic lower stratosphere." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271796.

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Severe ozone depletion in the polar lower stratosphere has been linked to significant changes in tropospheric circulation patterns in the both hemispheres. Observed Southern Hemisphere circulation changes are easily reproduced in climate models and may be achieved by either increasing ozone depleting substances in a chemistry-climate model(CCM) or by imposing observed ozone losses as a zonally-symmetric perturbation in a prescribed-ozone global circulation model (GCM). In the Northern Hemisphere however, only the CCM method produces a circulation response in agreement with analysis of observations, while the GCM method is unable to produce any significant tropospheric circulation changes from imposing observed zonal-mean Arctic ozone losses. Confidence in a mechanistic link between Arctic stratospheric ozone change and changes in tropospheric circulation is greatly increased if the change can be reproduced using a GCM in addition to being reproducible in a CCM. This thesis demonstrates that by allowing ozone to vary along longitude, and by imposing ozone depletion during a realistic timeframe, the GCM method can produce circulation changes compatible with both the CCM method and observations. An equivalent-latitude coordinate allows the prescribed ozone field, and imposed ozone losses, to follow the polar vortex as it is systematically disturbed or displaced off the pole throughout the winter, producing a realistic circulation response in the troposphere in contrast to when ozone and its imposed losses are zonally-symmetric. Timing the imposed ozone depletion with the breakup of the polar vortex reveals that the appearance of the circulation response is very sensitive to the relative timing of these events and to the pre-existing dynamical state of the polar vortex. These results demonstrate that prescribing ozone as a zonally symmetric climatology within a GCM, as has been recent practice in the literature, is only representative of the Southern Hemisphere and is inappropriate for accurately representing processes within the Arctic stratosphere. Moreover this work demonstrates that these dynamically-evolving zonal asymmetries in ozone, which are not present in zonally-symmetric ozone schemes, play a crucial role in allowing perturbations in the Arctic stratosphere to influence the troposphere and surface conditions.

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Moss, Andrew. "Wave dynamics of the stratosphere and mesosphere." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707571.

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Gravity waves play a fundamental role in driving the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere. They are influenced both by the variation in their sources and the filtering effects of the winds they encounter as they ascend through the atmosphere. In this thesis we present new evidence that gravity waves play a key role in coupling the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere. In particular, we examine the connection of gravity waves to two important large-scale oscillations that occur in the atmosphere, namely the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the troposphere and the Mesospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation (MSAO). We present the first ever demonstration that the MJO acts to modulate the global field of gravity waves ascending into the tropical stratosphere. We discover a significant correlation with the MJO zonal-wind anomalies and so suggest that the MJO modulates the stratospheric gravity-wave field through a critical-level wave-filtering mechanism. Strong evidence for this mechanism is provided by consideration of the winds encountered by ascending waves. The Ascension Island meteor radar is used for the first time to measure momentum fluxes over the Island. These measurements are then used to investigate the role of gravity-wave in driving a dramatic and anomalous wind event that was observed to occur during the first westward phase of the MSAO in 2002. Gravity waves are shown to play an important role in driving this event, but the observations presented here also suggest that the current theory of the mechanism describing these anomalous mesospheric wind events is not valid. Both of these studies highlight the critical importance of gravity waves to the dynamics of the atmosphere and highlight the need for further work to truly understand these waves, their processes and their variability.

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Sandford, David J. "Dynamics of the stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512300.

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This thesis presents observations of the dynamical features of the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. These are made from various observational techniques and model comparisons. A focus of the work is the two-day wave at high latitudes in the MLT region. This has revealed significant wave amplitudes in both summer and winter. However, these waves are shown to have very different origins. Using satellite data, the summertime wave is found to be the classic quasi-two-day wave which maximises at mid-latitudes in the MLT region. The wintertime wave is found to be a mesospheric manifestation of an eastward-propagating wave originating in the stratosphere and likely generated by barotropic and baroclinic instabilities in the polar night jet. The horizontal winds from Meteor and MF radars have been used to measure and produce climatologies of the Lunar M2 tide at Esrange in the Arctic (68°N), Rothera and Davis in the Antarctic (68°S), Castle Eaton at mid-latitude (52°N) and Ascension Island at Equatorial latitudes (8°S). These observations present the longest period of lunar semi-diurnal tidal observations in the MLT region to date, with a 16-year dataset from the UK meteor radar. Comparisons with the Vial and Forbes (1994) lunar tidal model are also made which reveal generally good agreement. Non-migrating lunar tides have been investigated. This uses lunar tidal results from equatorial stations, including the Ascension Island (8°S) meteor radar. Also lunar tidal results from the Rothera meteor wind radar (68°S, 68°W) and the Davis MF radar (68°S, 78°E) are considered. Both of these stations are on the edge of the Antarctic continent. It is demonstrated that there are often consistent tidal phase offsets between similar latitude stations. This suggests that non-migrating modes are likely to be present in the lunar semi-diurnal tidal structure and have significant amplitudes.

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Tindall, Julia Claire. "Dynamics of the tropical tropopause and lower stratosphere." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401448.

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Sankey, David. "Dynamics of upwelling in the equatorial lower stratosphere." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625019.

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Thuburn, John. "Modelling of large-scale unstable waves in the middle atmosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330025.

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Iwi, Alan Michael. "Tropical dynamics and transport associated with stratospheric warmings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298646.

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Huck, Petra Ellen. "The Coupling of Dynamics and Chemistry in the Antarctic Stratosphere." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1410.

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This thesis addresses the parameterisation of chemical and dynamical processes in the Antarctic stratosphere. Statistical models for the inter- and intra-annual variability in Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion were developed based on theory and an understanding of the coupling of dynamics and chemistry in the atmosphere. It was confirmed that the primary driver of the long-term trend in the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole is halogen loading in the stratosphere. The year-to-year variability in ozone mass deficit, a measure of the severity of Antarctic ozone depletion, could be described by a linear combination of South Pole temperatures and midlatitude wave activity. A time lag of two weeks between wave activity effects and ozone depletion indicates the predictive capability of meteorological parameters for seasonal projections of the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole. The statistical model describing the inter-annual variability in ozone mass deficit was regressed against observations from 1979 to 2004. The resulting regression coefficients were applied to South Pole temperature and wave activity fields from 28 chemistry-climate models. This analysis indicates a slight increase in the year-to-year variability in the severity of Antarctic ozone depletion. As a prelude to analysing the seasonal evolution of Antarctic ozone depletion, an improved ozone mass deficit measure was derived by replacing the constant 220 DU threshold with a seasonal varying pre-ozone hole background which leads to better capturing the true extent of the depleted ozone. Furthermore, it was shown that the new measure represents the chemical ozone loss within the Antarctic vortex provided that no mixing occurs through the vortex boundary. This new measure has many advantages over previous stratospheric ozone depletion indices. The conventional ozone mass deficit omits large amounts of depleted mass of ozone, and the onset of ozone depletion does not coincide with the timing of when sunlight first reaches areas of polar stratospheric clouds as expected from theory. Chemical ozone loss derived with a tracer-tracer correlation technique depends on ozone and passive tracer profile measurements which are not as readily available as the total column ozone fields required for the new ozone mass deficit presented in this thesis. As such, the new ozone depletion measure combines the simplicity of the old ozone mass deficit index with higher accuracy of the actual amount of chemically depleted stratospheric ozone. Furthermore, when applying the new definition of ozone mass deficit to chemistry-climate model outputs, model intercomparisons should become easier to interpret because biases in the models can be avoided. Based on theory and understanding of the coupling of chemistry and dynamics in the Antarctic stratosphere, two semi-empirical models were developed to describe the intra-seasonal evolution of chlorine activation and ozone depletion. Regression of the models against chlorine monoxide and ozone mass deficit from observations results in coefficients that capture key sensitivities in the real atmosphere. The seasonal evolution of ozone mass deficit can be described with these coefficients and readily available meteorological fields (temperature and wind fields). The predictive capability of these models was demonstrated for 2005 and 2006. Given temperature and wind fields, which for example can be obtained from general circulation models, these models can predict the size and depth of the Antarctic ozone hole. Important applications of the semi-empirical models could be chemistry-climate model validation by comparing the sensitivities from observations and models which may provide new insights into potential sources of differences in chemistry-climate model projections of Antarctic ozone depletion. Furthermore, projection of the inter-annual and intra-seasonal evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole into the future can help to assess the potential recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

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Whitesides, Benton W. "Interannual Zonal Variability of the Coupled Stratosphere-Troposphere Climate System." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11578.

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Understanding the dynamical relationships between low frequency forcings and the interannual variability of the Earths atmosphere is critical for accurate extended-range forecasts and climate prediction. This thesis investigates possible dynamical couplings between the stratosphere and troposphere by implementing lagged multivariate linear regressions. These regressions were chosen to untangle the separate responses of distinct atmospheric forcings upon zonal mean climate variability. The regressions incorporate monthly meteorological data with indices of four dominant forcings of low frequency atmospheric variability: the El Nino Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the 11-year solar cycle, and volcanic activity. The analysis uses data from both the NCAR/NCEP and ECMWF reanalyses for two distinct time periods to expose possible satellite measurement influences. One period consists of all data since 1958, while the other period includes only data since 1979, a period of extensive satellite observations. Diagnostic tools include piecewise potential vorticity inversions, an assessment of anomalous Eliassen-Palm fluxes, stream function analyses, and general circulation model diagnoses. The examination reveals robust patterns associated with each forcing, consistent with existing theories in climate dynamics of the coupling mechanisms between the stratosphere and the troposphere. To better predict climate variability, however, the next step is to investigate the nonlinearities known to play an important role in this system.

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Books on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

1

Polvani, L. M., A. H. Sobel, and D. W. Waugh, eds. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm190.

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The stratosphere: Dynamics, transport, and chemistry. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2010.

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3

Müller, Marion. Polare Stratosphärenwolken und mesoskalige Dynamik am Polarwirbelrand = Polar stratospheric clouds and mesoscale dynamics at the Polar vortex edge. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001.

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4

Bowman, Kenneth P. Studies of dynamical processes affecting the distribution of stratospheric ozone: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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5

Miles, Thomas. Comparison of satellite-derived dynamical quantities for the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere: Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C, and held in Williamsburg, Virginia, April 14-17, 1986. Hampton , Va: Langley Research Center, 1989.

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Heese, Birgit. Untersuchungen zum Beitrag chemischer und dynamischer Prozesse zur Variabilität des stratosphärischen Ozons über der Arktis =: Investigations of contributions by chemical and dynamical processes to the variability of stratospheric ozone above the Arctic. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996.

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Polvani, L. M., A. H. Sobel, and D. W. Waugh. Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry. American Geophysical Union, 2013.

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Polvani, L. M., A. H. Sobel, and D. W. Waugh. Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry. American Geophysical Union, 2013.

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Polvani, L. M., A. H. Sobel, and D. W. Waugh. Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry. American Geophysical Union, 2013.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Large-scale dynamics and transport in the stratosphere. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

1

Gray, Lesley J. "Stratospheric equatorial dynamics." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 93–107. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000868.

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Alexander, M. Joan. "Gravity waves in the stratosphere." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 109–21. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000864.

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Haigh, Joanna D. "Solar variability and the stratosphere." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 173–87. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gm000937.

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Waugh, Darryn W., and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Stratospheric polar vortices." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 43–57. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000887.

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Holton, James. "Atmospheric Dynamics: Fundamentals." In The Stratosphere and Its Role in the Climate System, 7–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03327-2_2.

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Plumb, R. Alan. "Planetary waves and the extratropical winter stratosphere." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 23–41. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000888.

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Kushner, Paul J. "Annular modes of the troposphere and stratosphere." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 59–91. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000924.

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Schoeberl, Mark R., and Anne R. Douglass. "Trace gas transport in the stratosphere: Diagnostic tools and techniques." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 137–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000855.

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Randel, William J. "Variability and trends in stratospheric temperature and water vapor." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 123–35. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000870.

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Geller, Marvin A. "Middle atmosphere research before Alan Plumb." In The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry, 5–22. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000871.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

1

Mahalov, Alex. "3D Dynamics and Turbulence Induced By Mountain and Inertia-Gravity Waves in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS)." In 6th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3930.

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Bochkovskii, Dmitry A., and Valerii N. Marichev. "Investigation of the dynamics of the vertical distribution of temperature in the stratosphere over Tomsk in 2017 based on lidar sounding." In XXIV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2504371.

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Ekparinya, Parinya, Vincent Gramoli, Guillaume Jourjon, and Liming Zhu. "Stratosphere: Dynamic IP Overlay Above the Clouds." In 2017 IEEE 42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2017.75.

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Zhang, Yi, and Longbin Liu. "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis for Stratospheric Airship." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.154.

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Deng, Xiaowei, and Sergio Pellegrino. "Computation of Partially Inflated Shapes of Stratospheric Balloon Structures." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2133.

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Shpynev, B. G., M. A. Chernigovskaya, K. G. Ratovsky, and D. S. Khabituev. "Coupling of the Wave-like Disturbances in Winter Ionosphere and Stratospheric Dynamics." In 2019 Russian Open Conference on Radio Wave Propagation (RWP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rwp.2019.8810174.

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Kashkin, V. B., V. A. Novik, and E. N. Schelkanova. "Dynamics of total ozone at the north and south stratospheric circumpolar vortexes." In 7th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Mikhail V. Panchenko. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.412001.

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Kotulla, Michael, and Stephan Staudacher. "Power Management and Controls of a Propulsion System for a Lighter Than Air High Altitude Platform." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68395.

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Abstract:

A possible propulsion system concept for a stratospheric multi-body airship has been investigated. It features distributed propulsion to fulfill thrust and stabilization demands of the airship. In the frame of this research a simulation model for the propulsion system has been developed in Matlab/Simulink. The propulsion system’s main components are propellers, which are driven by electro motors, back-up batteries and gas turbine power plants to supply the necessary electric energy. All components have been adapted to work in ambient conditions at an altitude of 20km. The investigations have demonstrated adequate system dynamics and confirmed the sizing of power plants and back-up batteries. The control system has shown adequate stability and, therefore, guarantees the provision of the demanded thrusts and powers.

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Zhu, Ming, Lisha Liu, and Zewei Zheng. "Dynamic control allocation for a stratospheric airship with redundant control systems." In 2015 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162392.

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Engfer, Christian, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Kraemer. "Characterization of the Cavity Shear Layer of the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy by Means of Pressure Sensor Data and a Hybrid RANS-LES Study." In 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2839.

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Reports on the topic "Stratosphere dynamics"

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Liu, Han-Li. Impacts of Stratospheric Dynamics on Atmospheric Behavior from the Ground to Space Solar Minimum and Solar Maximum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626809.

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Fritts, David C. Creation of a Dynamical Stratospheric Turbulence Forecasting and Nowcasting Tool for High Altitude Airships and Other Aircraft. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487617.

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