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1
Fortey, Richard A. "Trilobite Evolution and Systematics." Short Courses in Paleontology 3 (1990): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001732.
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Trilobites are the most diverse of extinct arthropod groups, being known from several thousand genera; many more are discovered each year. They range in age from near the base of the shell-bearing Cambrian to high in the Permian. Because many trilobites evolved quickly, they have been widely employed in stratigraphy; in the Cambrian they are possibly the most important stratigraphical fossils. This has been a mixed blessing because some experts studying the group have tended to place stratigraphical utility foremost in their taxonomic methods. Stratigraphical boundaries have become taxonomic boundaries. This might not matter for stratigraphy, but it does matter for the other kinds of paleobiological studies which have recently become the center of attention. How, for example, can one study extinction, unless the groups extinguished are natural, monophyletic groups? The extinction of an arbitrary phylogenetic segment at a stratigraphic boundary tells us nothing.
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Mel’nikov, N. V. "The Vendian–Cambrian Cyclometric Stratigraphic Scale for the Southern and Central Siberian Platform." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20214339.
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Abstract —The general Vendian stratigraphic scale of Siberia, with the uncertain age of the Vendian base ranging from 600 to 630– 640 Ma in most of recent publications, remains worse constrained than the Cambrian scale, in which the boundaries of epochs and stages have been well defined. However, the imperfect classical stratigraphic division has been compensated by data on the cyclicity of the Vendian–Cambrian sedimentary section. The Vendian stratigraphy of the Siberian Platform and the related deposition history with cycles of sedimentation and gaps, as well as the hierarchy of sedimentation processes, can be inferred from the succession of alternating clastic, carbonate, and salt units. The cyclicity of geologic processes and their recurrence are attributed to periodic oscillatory motions of the crust. The ranks of these motions correlate with the cyclicity of sedimentary strata, including regocyclites, nexocyclites, and halcyclites separated by gaps. Each Vendian long-period oscillatory motion begins with a regocyclite and ends with a regional-scale gap. The Cambrian section includes one pre-Mayan regional gap at the end of the early Cambrian long-period cycle. Cambrian regocyclites are composed of carbonate subformations and formations in the lower part and alternating salt and carbonate beds in the upper part.
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Idrissi, Assia, Mohamed Saadi, Yassir Astati, Ali Bouayachi, and Kawtar Benyas. "Mapping of Genetic Sequences of the Cambrian Series in the Jbel Saghro Massif, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Implications for Eustatic and Tectonic Controls." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1D (April 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1d.1ms-2022-04-17.
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In this paper, a sedimentological and sequence stratigraphy analysis was performed on Lower and Middle Cambrian deposits of Jbel Saghro, Eastern Anti-Atlas. The field data analysis and the application of sequence stratigraphy concepts were used to classify sedimentary processes and depositional environment, and to define the Lower to Middle Cambrian basin’s detailed geometry. The Cambrian sedimentation of northeastern Saghro indicates a deltaic environment, which is composed of two depositional sequences. These sequences are made of a transgressive system-tract with retrograding sediments and a highstand system tract with prograding sediments. In response to sea-level change, these system-tracts were formed by several genetic units, and limited by various stratigraphic surfaces. The genetic unit stacking-patterns combined with the study of synsedimentary tectonics enabled to follow the sedimentary record’s Spatio-temporal evolution and its three-dimensional geometry. The study area deposits display significant dissimilarities in thickness. The western part shows a Lower Cambrian hiatus and an important reduction of the thickness in the Middle Cambrian deposits. However, the marine trend (progradation/retrogradation) remains similar in the study area. This suggests the same eustatic origin of all genetic sequences and variations in their preservation rate. This configuration is the result of differential subsidence that affected the Anti-Atlas during the Cambrian.
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JACQUET, SARAH M., THOMAS BROUGHAM, CHRISTIAN B. SKOVSTED, JAMES B. JAGO, JOHN R. LAURIE, MARISSA J. BETTS, TIMOTHY P. TOPPER, and GLENN A. BROCK. "Watsonella crosbyi from the lower Cambrian (Terreneuvian, Stage 2) Normanville Group in South Australia." Geological Magazine 154, no. 5 (October 21, 2016): 1088–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000704.
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AbstractCorrelation of lower Cambrian strata is often confounded by provincialism of key fauna. The widespread occurrence of the micromollusc Watsonella crosbyi Grabau, 1900 is therefore an important biostratigraphic signpost with potential for international correlation of lower Cambrian successions. Previous correlations of W. crosbyi from Australia (Normanville Group) suggested an Atdabanian- to Botoman-equivalent age. However, in the upper part of the Mount Terrible Formation, stratigraphic ranges of W. crosbyi and Aldanella sp. cf. golubevi overlap prior to the incoming of vertically burrowed ‘piperock’, which is indicative of an age no earlier than Cambrian Stage 2. The stratigraphic range of W. crosbyi in the Normanville Group, South Australia correlates with the ranges of the taxon in China, France, Mongolia and Siberia (though not Newfoundland). The new Australian data add further support for considering the first occurrence of W. crosbyi a good potential candidate for defining the base of Cambrian Stage 2. The stratigraphic range of W. crosbyi through the lower Cambrian Normanville Group has been determined based on collections from measured sections. Although rare, W. crosbyi is part of an assemblage of micromolluscs including Bemella sp., Parailsanella sp. cf. murenica and a sinistral form of Aldanella (A. sp. cf. A. golubevi). Other fauna present include Australohalkieria sp., Eremactis mawsoni, chancelloriids and Cupitheca sp.
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Parkhaev, P. Yu. "The Cambrian molluscs of Australia: overview of taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography." Стратиграфия 27, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x27252-79.
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Cambrian malacofauna of Australia is among the most taxonomically diverse among time equivalents. By a number of valid mollusc species Australian Cambrian competes with Siberian and Chinese formations. Up to date, 80 valid species and 12 forms in open nomenclature, apparently representing new undescribed taxa, have been recorded from the Lower–Middle Cambrian successions of Australia. In addition, 6 species names can be considered as junior synonyms. Distribution ranges of mollusc species plotted over the modern stratigraphic scheme reveal four major molluscan evolutionary assemblages in the interval of Tommotian–Undillan stages. In paleogeographic aspect, the Cambrian malacofauna of Australia has 29 species in common with Siberian Platform, Kazakhstan, Altai-Sayan, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, South and North China, Morocco, Antarctic, Europe (Denmark, Germany), Greenland, North America, and New Zealand, providing important correlation links between these regional stratigraphic schemes.
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Hughes, Nigel C., Gerald O. Gunderson, and Michael J. Weedon. "Late Cambrian conulariids from Wisconsin and Minnesota." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 5 (September 2000): 828–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033035.
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Several localities within the heterolithic facies of the St. Lawrence Formation (Upper Cambrian) of Wisconsin and Minnesota yield specimens with phosphatic exoskeletons, quadrate cross sections composed of four equidimensional faces each bearing a midline, and possible holdfast attachment during life. These specimens are here referred to the order Conulariida, class Scyphozoa. Their fine, tuberculate surface ornament and serially invaginated midline structure serve to define a new genus, Baccaconularia, to which two new species, B. robinsoni and B. meyeri, are assigned. Conularia cambria Walcott 1890, also from the Cambrian of the northern Mississippi Valley and long dismissed as a misidentified trilobite fragment, is illustrated photographically for the first time. This species occurs in rocks stratigraphically beneath the St. Lawrence Formation. Specimens assigned to this species by Walcott are conulariids, but lack features now considered diagnostic of either Conularia or Baccaconularia. Walcott's material is insufficient to permit detailed taxonomic evaluation, and we isolate this name to this material, pending the collection of additional, better preserved specimens. Together, Baccaconularia and Conularia cambria contain the oldest large conulariids, and these narrow a stratigraphic gap between other large conulariids known from the Lower Ordovician onwards, and smaller fossils with conulariid affinities known only from Lower Cambrian rocks.
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Li, Xing, and Mary Droser. "The development of Early Paleozoic shell concentrations: evidence from the Cambrian and Ordovician of the Great Basin." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007437.
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Shell concentrations have constituted an important and conspicuous part of the stratigraphic record since the Early Cambrian. The paleontological and stratigraphic significance of shell beds is well understood, primarily from Mesozoic and Cenozoic examples. Lower Paleozoic fossil concentrations, however, have not received much attention. The Cambrian and Ordovician evolutionary radiations were two of the most significant events in the history of life and established the Cambrian and Paleozoic faunas respectively. In order to determine the effect of these radiations on the development of fossil accumulations, a systematic study of early Paleozoic shell beds was conducted in the Great Basin areas of California, Nevada, and Utah.In order to minimize taphonomic variations in original chemical and physical conditions, shell beds were compared from strata deposited in similar depositional environments from similar tectonic settings. Preliminary analysis of the shell beds from relatively pure carbonate facies and mixed carbonate and siliciclastic facies shows: 1) that shell concentrations became a significant stratigraphic feature in the later Early Cambrian; 2) the thickness and lateral extent of the shell beds increase from Early Cambrian to Middle Ordovician; 3) the abundance and internal complexity of the shell beds increase from Early Cambrian to Middle Ordovician; and 4) the Cambrian and Early Ordovician shell beds are primarily, if not exclusively, dominated by trilobites whereas the Middle Ordovician shell beds are dominated by brachiopods and ostracodes.These data show a temporal trend in the development of the early Paleozoic shell beds. The nature of the Cambrian and Ordovician shell beds differs qualitatively and quantitatively. There is an increase in physical scale, abundance, and internal complexity through time. The thickness and abundance of the trilobite beds increase through the Cambrian. Interestingly, although trilobites were still diverse and abundant, they did not commonly generate thick trilobite beds after the Late Cambrian. The early Middle Ordovician is a critical time in the development of early Paleozoic shell beds. A variety of monotaxic and polytaxic shell beds, including 6m thick composite beds, first appeared at this time. While the brachiopods and ostracodes generate laterally extensive, commonly monotaxic, shell beds, the gastropods and bryozoans only formed lenticular concentrations.
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Sumrall, Colin D., and Samuel Zamora. "A columnal-bearing eocrinoid from the Cambrian Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada)." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 2 (March 2015): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2014.54.
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AbstractA new eocrinoid ?Ubaghsicystis sp. from the middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale is reported based on a single known specimen. This species extends the stratigraphic range of columnal-bearing eocrinoids in Laurentia significantly from Cambrian Stage 7 (Guzhangian) to Stage 5. It increases the diversity of echinoderms in this well-known fossil-Lagerstätte, provides the oldest evidence of columnal-bearing eocrinoids from Laurentia, and further documents the cosmopolitan distribution of middle Cambrian echinoderm clades.
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Clausen, Sébastien, J. Javier Álvaro, Léa Devaere, Per Ahlberg, and Loren E. Babcock. "The Cambrian explosion: Its timing and stratigraphic setting." Annales de Paléontologie 101, no. 3 (July 2015): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2015.07.001.
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Myrow, P. M., N. C. Hughes, and N. R. McKenzie. "Reconstructing the Himalayan margin prior to collision with Asia: Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic geology and its implications for Cenozoic tectonics." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp483.10.
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AbstractReconstructing the stratigraphic architecture of deposits prior to Cenozoic Himalayan uplift is critical for unravelling the structural, metamorphic, depositional and erosional history of the orogen. The nature and distribution of Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic strata have helped elucidate the relationship between lithotectonic zones, as well as the geometries of major bounding faults. Stratigraphic and geochronological work has revealed a uniform and widespread pattern of Paleoproterozoic strata >1.6 Ga that are unconformably overlain by <1.1 Ga rocks. The overlying Neoproterozoic strata record marine sedimentation, including a Cryogenian diamictite, a well-developed carbonate platform succession and condensed fossiliferous Precambrian–Cambrian boundary strata. Palaeontological study of Cambrian units permits correlation from the Indian craton through three Himalayan lithotectonic zones to a precision of within a few million years. Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis shows the differentiation of a proximal realm of relatively condensed, nearshore, evaporite-rich units to the south and a distal realm of thick, deltaic deposits to the north. Thus, Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata blanketed the northern Indian craton with an extensive, northward-deepening, succession. Today, these rocks are absent from parts of the inner Lesser Himalaya, and the uplift and erosion of these proximal facies explains a marked change in global seawater isotopic chemistry at 16 Ma.
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Xiping, Dong, and Andrew H. Knoll. "Middle and Late Cambrian sponge spicules from Hunan, China." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 2 (March 1996): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023271.
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Abundant and well-preserved assemblages of disarticulated sponge spicules occur in Middle and Late Cambrian platform carbonates of western Hunan, China. Assemblages recovered from 11 stratigraphic horizons include calcisponges, demosponges, and hexactinellids. Hexactinellida, in particular, are both abundant and diverse in Upper Cambrian carbonates. Comparison with spicule assemblages from Australia indicates that many of these taxa have long stratigraphic ranges, limiting their use in correlation. The morphological diversity of these spicules exceeds that known for living siliceous sponges, supporting the observation that during the Cambrian radiation, sponges, like other metazoans, evolved a variety of architectural forms not observed in later periods. Like conodonts, individual sponges can produce more than one spicule form; thus, an “apparatus genus” concept based on multiple cooccurring elements may eventually prove useful in the biostratigraphic and paleobiological interpretation of disarticulated sponge spicules. Four distinctive forms are recognized as new taxa: Australispongia sinensis new genus and species, Flosculus gracilis new genus and species, Pinnatispongia bengtsoni new genus and species, and Nabaviella paibiensis new species.
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Lavoie, Denis, Elliott Burden, and Daniel Lebel. "Stratigraphic framework for the CambrianOrdovician rift and passive margin successions from southern Quebec to western Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-078.
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The Taconian Humber Zone stretches from western Newfoundland to southern Quebec. The Early Cambrian slope succession in Newfoundland is found in the Curling Group, whereas in Quebec, various units were deposited during that first time slice. Biostratigraphic data allow correlation of the Curling Group with the Labrador Group in Newfoundland and with the newly time-constrained slope succession in Quebec. The end of the riftdrift transition is marked by a sea-level lowstand at the end of the Early Cambrian. The Middle Cambrian to latest Early Ordovician passive margin history recorded five cyclic sea-level fluctuations. Three of these cycles are recorded in the shallow-marine Middle to Late Cambrian platform (Port au Port Group) and slope sediments preserved in the Cow Head and Northern Head groups in Newfoundland. The biostratigraphic information assists correlation with Cambrian passive margin units in Quebec. Major sea-level lowstands are recognized along the continental margin in earlymiddle Late Cambrian (Steptoan) and in late Late Cambrian (Sunwaptan). Even if the Quebec succession can be tied with its Newfoundland correlative, some significant differences in the nature of Upper Cambrian slope conglomerates argue for a tectonic control on the depth of erosion of the Cambrian continental margin. The Lower Ordovician record of the passive margin consists of two depositional cycles (TremadocianArenigian) separated by a sea-level lowstand. This last event is well expressed in platform succession and is also recognized in conglomerate units found in the slope succession.
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Hansheng, Ding. "Cambrian Ordovician sedimentary facies and its evolution in Tadong area." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901055.
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In order to clarify the sedimentary development law under the Cambrian Ordovician regional stratigraphic framework in Tadong area, and lay a theoretical foundation for further oil and gas exploration in the study area. The distribution, characteristics and evolution of main sedimentary facies belts of Cambrian Ordovician are studied by means of drilling core observation, cast thin section identification, logging curve feature analysis, seismic profile and well connection profile. The results show that the Cambrian middle lower Ordovician in Tadong area is equivalent to a second-order sequence and can be further divided into 12 thirdorder sequences. Each third-order sequence is mainly composed of transgressive and highstand tracts. Carbonate platform margin beach facies and Reef (mound) beach complex facies are favorable reservoir development facies belts in this area; Under the regional stratigraphic framework, three types of sedimentary facies can be identified in Cambrian Ordovician, and a total of 10 subfacies are developed; The evolution of sedimentary facies is mainly controlled by the rise and fall of sea level, which is characterized by the migration of platform margin facies and the change of platform facies.
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KOUCHINSKY, ARTEM, STEFAN BENGTSON, VLADIMIR V. MISSARZHEVSKY, SHANE PELECHATY, PETER TORSSANDER, and ANATOLIJ K. VAL'KOV. "Carbon isotope stratigraphy and the problem of a pre-Tommotian Stage in Siberia." Geological Magazine 138, no. 4 (July 2001): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005684.
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Carbon isotopic oscillations are useful to elucidate the stratigraphy and biogeochemical events around the Precambrian–Cambrian transition. New isotopic data from the Manykaj and Emyaksin formations of the eastern Anabar Uplift (Siberia) help to correlate the Lower Cambrian and Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transitional beds across the Siberian Platform. The similarity of trends and amplitudes of the carbon isotopic curves, together with biostratigraphic and sequence-stratigraphic markers from the Anabar Uplift, provide a precise correlation with the southern part of the Siberian Platform. Diagenesis of argillaceous limestones of the Emyaksin Formation has apparently not affected the primary isotopic variations. The resulting curve is nearly identical in sections about 100 km apart in the Tommotian–Atdabanian portion of the formation. Relatively frequent and pronounced isotopic oscillations in the lower beds of the Emyaksin Formation fit between features I and II of the southern Siberian isotopic reference scale but are undetected therein owing to the depositional hiatus at the base of the Tommotian Stage in its type section. This confirms the transgressive onlap from the north suggested by previous studies, and makes the appearance of the Cambrian skeletal fossils on the Siberian Platform less abrupt. The hiatus in the south appears to embrace at least two biostratigraphic zones as recognized in the north. The case is strengthened for a pre-Tommotian Cambrian Stage in Siberia, the biostratigraphic framework for which has been elaborated earlier.
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Kontorovich, A. E., A. I. Varlamov, A. S. Efimov, V. A. Kontorovich, I. V. Korovnikov, V. A. Krinin, S. V. Saraev, N. V. Sennikov, and Yu F. Filippov. "Stratigraphic Scheme of Cambrian Deposits, South of the Cis-Yenisei Area of West Siberia." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204317.
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Abstract ––In this paper we present a stratigraphic scheme for the subdivision and correlation of the Cambrian deposits in the south of the cis-Yenisei area of West Siberia, which was adopted as a current scheme by the decision of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee in 2018. This scheme is based on the data from stratigraphic test wells (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-1, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, etс.). In the study area, two structure-facies zones were identified: Kas (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-4, and Eloguiskaya-1 wells), where sedimentary complexes accumulated in a salt subbasin, and Ket’ (Vostok-1 and Vostok-3 wells) with the deposition in an open sea basin. The boundary between these structure-facies zones is drawn along the inferred N–S-trending barrier reef zone. The rubrication in this paper is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Stratigraphic Code of Russia for explanatory notes for regional stratigraphic schemes. Local stratigraphic subdivisions (formations, strata) are described and compared with the adjacent Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma facies region of the Siberian Platform.
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Hutchinson, Peter J., and Maggie H. Tsai. "Stratigraphic Analysis with Refraction Tomography." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2127.
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ABSTRACT Near-surface seismic refraction tomography imaged the basal contact of the Upper Cambrian silica-rich Mount Simon Formation with that of the underlying Precambrian granite in central Wisconsin. The discrimination between the Mount Simon and underlying non-conformable contact with Precambrian rocks was based upon a p-wave velocity of 1,700 m/s. Refraction tomography imaged deep, broad tidal channels within the Mount Simon consistent with the inference that Mount Simon was deposited in a high-energy near-shore, probably fluvial environment. The Mount Simon is an arenite that has high commercial value.
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Anttila, Eliel, Francis Macdonald, and Uyanga Bold. "Stratigraphy of the Khuvsgul Group, Mongolia." Mongolian Geoscientist 26, no. 52 (June 23, 2021): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v26i52.1516.
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The Khuvsgul Group (Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia) is a Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian carbonate-dominated succession that includes minor glacial diamictite and one of the largest known ore-grade phosphate deposits in the world. These strata, which have experienced low-grade metamorphism, are exposed in the Khoridol-Saridag Range on the western margin of Lake Khuvsgul. Since 2017, new geologic mapping and field studies have been conducted in the Khuvsgul region. During the course of this work, it has become necessary to restructure the stratigraphic framework of the Khuvsgul Group in order to better facilitate geologic mapping, stratigraphic observations, and regional correlations. We have divided the lower Khuvsgul Group into four distinct formations spanning the Cryogenian and Ediacaran, each of which encompass strata associated with the Sturtian glaciation, Cryogenian non-glacial interlude, Marinoan glaciation, and basal Ediacaran transgression respectively. The phosphorites of the Khuvsgul Group are now included within a new distinct formation, while the overlying Cambrian carbonates and siliciclastic rocks have been further subdivided to streamline mapping and correlation efforts. The stratigraphic framework outlined below will simplify identification and differentiation of Khuvsgul Group rocks in the field and provide a foundation for the interpretation of Khuvsgul Group strata within the context of the changing climatic, tectonic, and paleoenvironmental conditions of the late Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian.
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Liñán, E., A. Perejón, and K. Sdzuy. "The Lower—Middle Cambrian stages and stratotypes from the Iberian Peninsula: a revision." Geological Magazine 130, no. 6 (November 1993): 817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800023189.
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AbstractLower-Middle Cambrian regional stages of the Iberian Peninsula (Cordubian, Ovetian, Marianian, Bilbilian, Acadoparadoxides and Solenopleuropsidae stages) are now reconsidered in the light of new stratigraphic and palaeontological (trace fossils, trilobites and archaeocyaths) studies. These stages are re-described with selected stratotypes and chronostratigraphic boundaries. The names Leonian and Caesaraugustian are formally proposed to replace the provisional stages of Acadoparadoxides and Solenopleuropsidae, respectively. A correlation chart of the Lower-Middle Cambrian lithostratigraphic units from the Iberian Peninsula is also presented. Two regessive-transgressive cycles are proposed to explain the lithological and palaeontological peculiarities through the Lower-Middle Cambrian sequence in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Beranek, Luke P., Victoria Pease, Robert A. Scott, and Tonny B. Thomsen. "Detrital zircon geochronology of Ediacaran to Cambrian deep-water strata of the Franklinian basin, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut: implications for regional stratigraphic correlations." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 10 (October 2013): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0026.
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Enigmatic successions of deep-water strata referred to as the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation comprise the exposed base of the Franklinian passive margin sequence in northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. To test stratigraphic correlations with Ediacaran to Cambrian shallow-water strata of the Franklinian platform that are inferred by regional basin models, >500 detrital zircons from the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation were analyzed for sediment provenance analysis using laser ablation (LA–ICP–MS) and ion-microprobe (SIMS) methods. Samples of the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation are characterized by 1000–1300, 1600–2000, and 2500–2800 Ma detrital zircon age distributions and indicate provenance from rock assemblages of the Laurentian craton. In combination with regional stratigraphic constraints, these data support an Ediacaran to Cambrian paleodrainage model that features the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation as the offshore marine parts of a north- to northeast-directed depositional network. Proposed stratigraphic correlations between the Nesmith beds and Ediacaran platformal units of northern Greenland are consistent with the new detrital zircon results. Cambrian stratigraphic correlations within northern Ellesmere Island are permissive, but require further investigation because the Grant Land Formation provenance signatures agree with a third-order sedimentary system that has been homogenized by longshore current or gravity-flow processes, whereas coeval shallow-water strata yield a restricted range of detrital zircon ages and imply sources from local drainage areas or underlying rock units. The detrital zircon signatures of the Franklinian passive margin resemble those for the Cordilleran and Appalachian passive margins of Laurentia, which demonstrates the widespread recycling of North American rock assemblages after late Neoproterozoic continental rifting and breakup of supercontinent Rodinia.
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Pu, RenHai, KunBai Li, Machao Dong, ZiCheng Cao, and Pengye Xu. "The 3D seismic characteristics and significance of the strike-slip faults in the Tazhong area (Tarim Basin, China)." Interpretation 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): T1—T19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0135.1.
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The eastern part of Tazhong area in the Tarim Basin consists of three sets of vertical strike-slip faults oriented in north–northeast (36°azimuth), east–northeast (68° azimuth), and west–northwest (126°azimuth) directions that cut the strata from Cambrian to Carboniferous. The fault belts indicate significant horizon upwarp and downwarp deformations and variations in their stratigraphic thickness on seismic profiles. Through detailed interpretation of the 3D seismic data, we consider that these phenomena reflect the different stress properties and active stages of the faults. The horizon upwarp and downwarp within the fault belts correlated respectively to the decrease and increase in stratigraphic thickness within the fault belts in comparison to the coeval counterpart of the bilateral fault blocks. For the same fault, different stratigraphic intervals express different types of horizon deformation and thickness changes. The horizon downwarp and the contemporaneous stratigraphic thickening inside the fault belts suggest the transtensional actions of the fault. The horizon upwarp and the contemporaneous thinning within the fault belts suggest transpressional actions of the fault. Based on this, we inferred the active periods of the three sets of strike-slip faults. The north–northeast-striking faults were formed in the late Ordovician Sangtamu Formation. This set of faults experienced four stages, i.e., sinistral transpression, sinistral transtension, static, and transtension. The east–northeast and west–northwest-striking faults initiated in the mid-Cambrian period as coupled transtension. Activity ceased in the west–northwest faults after the mid-Cambrian and in the east–northeast faults during the late Ordovician. The three sets of strike-slip faults all affect the formation of the hydrothermal dissolution reservoirs that are distributed in the Ordovician carbonate rocks.
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Konstantinova, Larisa N., Igor A. Gubin, Sergey A. Moiseev, Andrey M. Fomin, and Elena N. Kuznetsova. "CORRELATION RESULTS OF THE PROTEROZOIC-PHANEROZOIC SECTIONS OF THE ALDAN-MAYA OIL AND GAS BEARING REGION ON DEEP DRILLING DATA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-2-1-102-110.
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The article discusses the controversial issues of well log correlation of the Riphean, Vendian, Cambrian and Mesozoic sequences, which is prospects for oil and gas within the Aldan-Maya petroleum region. The author's version of the stratigraphic correlation is based on the interpretation of logging data, seismic surveys, core description, archival and published materials. The results obtained can be used for stratigraphic picks correction and structural maps plotting.
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Anderson, Donna, and Mark Longman. "Subsurface Reinterpretation of Ordovician and Devonian Strata in Southwest Wyoming with Implications for Upwarping Across the Transcontinental Arch." Mountain Geologist 55, no. 3 (July 2018): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.55.3.91.
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A new interpretation of the subsurface geometries of the Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite and overlying Devonian strata across southwestern Wyoming arises from revising the stratigraphy in a core from the Mountain Fuel Supply UPRR #11–19–104–4 well drilled on the crest of the Rock Springs Uplift in 1962. One of only a few wells to penetrate all or part of the Lower Paleozoic succession in the subsurface of southwestern Wyoming, the well was almost continuously cored through the Devonian–Cambrian succession. From a reinterpretation of the stratigraphy in the core, 22 ft of Bighorn Dolomite is recognized based on the characteristic Thalassinoides bioturbation fabric in skeletal dolowackestone typical of Late Ordovician subtidal carbonate facies ranging from Nevada to Greenland along the western margin of the Great American Carbonate Bank. This lithology is in complete contrast with the alternating dolomitic flat-pebble conglomerate and dolomudstone of the underlying Cambrian Gallatin Limestone and the cyclical units of brecciated anhydritic dolomudstone and quartzose sandstone of the overlying Devonian Lower Member of the Jefferson Formation. Stratigraphic re-interpretation yields insights regarding Ordovician–Devonian stratal geometries across southwestern Wyoming. More widespread than previously portrayed, the Bighorn Dolomite pinches out on the eastern flank of the Rock Springs Uplift. Similar to past interpretations, Devonian strata pinch out east of the Rock Springs Uplift at Table Rock Field. A true-geometry multi-datumed stratigraphic cross section yields insights not obtainable by mapping. Regionally, top truncation of stratigraphic units below the base-Madison Limestone unconformity normally progresses stratigraphically deeper eastward. However, in southwestern Wyoming, the Devonian Lower Member of the Jefferson Formation overlaps the older Bighorn Dolomite by marked onlap across the Rock Springs Uplift and then pinches out by top truncation/onlap near Table Rock Field, forming an “abnormal” overlap relationship along the northern margin of the Transcontinental Arch. The underlying Bighorn Dolomite shows little to no onlap onto the underlying Cambrian section, but is markedly top truncated below the Lower Member of the Jefferson Formation. Comparing proportions of onlap versus top truncation for the two formations constrains the timing of two successive upwarping episodes along the northern margin of the Transcontinental Arch across southwestern Wyoming. The first is arguably Middle Devonian, and the second spans the Devonian–Mississippian boundary. Two subtle and different angular unconformities created by these two episodes imply a persistent fold or tilt axis that sequentially was reactivated along the northern margin of the Transcontinental Arch in southwestern Wyoming.
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Álvaro, J. Javier, and Emmanuelle Vennin. "Stratigraphic signature of a terminal Early Cambrian regressive event in the Iberian Peninsula." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-093.
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In the Iberian Peninsula, the uppermost Lower Cambrian (early Bilbilian age) is represented by the deposition of conglomerates and sandstones, except in a northwestern region (the Cantabrian Mountains), where carbonate deposition took place. These coarse siliciclastic deposits indicate a regressive trend, called the Daroca regression. In its type area (the Iberian Chains, northeast Spain), this regressive episode represents a progradational highstand systems tract, which did not result in widespread subaerial exposure of the shelf. In addition, the absence of important stratigraphical gaps and the good biostratigraphical control based on trilobites and acritarchs in the Iberian Chains permit a correlation of this regressive trend with other neighboring areas, where the top of this trend is represented by a regional unconformity and a hiatus that began in the latest Early Cambrian and extended through early Middle Cambrian times.
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PENG, JIN, DIYING HUANG, YUANLONG ZHAO, and HAIJING SUN. "Palaeoscolecids from the Balang Fauna of the Qiandongian (Cambrian Series 2), Guizhou, China." Geological Magazine 153, no. 3 (August 5, 2015): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000205.
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AbstractWronascolex is a taxon of palaeoscolecids. It is commonly represented by isolated button-like microfossils or compressed individuals, which are found worldwide in strata ranging from the Cambrian Series 2 to Series 3. The earliest representative of Wronascolex is known from the Sinsk Formation of the lower Cambrian of the Siberian Platform. Other species occur in Burgess Shale-type biotas of Cambrian age from Australia, Spain and North America. New palaeoscolecid material from the Balang Fauna of the Cambrian Series 2 of eastern Guizhou represents a new species of Wronascolex, W. geyiensis sp. nov., and extends the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of Wronascolex, as well as providing additional evidence for understanding its morphology based upon correlation of body configuration and cuticular ornaments.
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Elicki, Olaf, and Gerd Geyer. "The Cambrian trilobites of Jordan – taxonomy, systematic and stratigraphic significance." Acta Geologica Polonica 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2013-0001.
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Abstract Elicki, O. and Geyer, G. 2013. The Cambrian trilobites of Jordan - taxonomy, systematic and stratigraphic significance. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63(1), 1-56. Warszawa. Marine carbonates and siliciclastic rocks of the Burj Formation in Jordan include paucispecific trilobite associations of the (traditional) Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval. Comprehensive new material of these trilobites allows a review of their taxonomy and systematic positions as well as a refined morphological description and a reconsideration of previous interpretations of their stratigraphic position and thus the correlation of the fossiliferous beds. In addition to the classic species Kingaspis campbelli (King, 1923) and Redlichops blanckenhorni Richter and Richter, 1941, Timnaella? orientalis (Picard, 1942) and Hesa problematica Richter and Richter, 1941, the discussed trilobites include Issalia gen. nov. with Issalia scutalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Tayanaspis gen. nov. with Tayanaspis bulbosus gen. nov., sp. nov., Uhaymiria gen. nov. with Uhaymiria glabra gen. nov., sp. nov., Cambrunicornia ? jafnaensis sp. nov., Myopsolenites palmeri (Parnes, 1971), M. hyperion sp. nov., and Enixus cf. antiquus (Chernysheva, 1956). Myopsolenites boutiouiti Geyer and Landing, 2004 is now regarded as a junior synonym of Myopsolenites altus (Linan and Gozalo, 1986). A detailed discussion of the correlation with a focus on global aspects provides clues for the utility of potential index fossils for the global Cambrian Series 3 and Stage 5.
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Landing, Ed, and J. Brendan Murphy. "Uppermost Precambrian(?)–Lower Cambrian of mainland Nova Scotia: faunas, depositional environments, and stratigraphic revision." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 03 (May 1991): 382–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030365.
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The uppermost Precambrian(?)–Lower Cambrian of the Avalon Zone in the northern Antigonish Highlands is composed of two dissimilar sequences in thrust contact. These include the sandstones and slates of the Doctor's Brook allochthon and the volcanoclastic-rich Malignant Cove authochthon.Lithostratigraphy of the “Black John Formation” (designation abandoned) in the Doctor's Brook allochthon is comparable to the uppermost Precambrian–Lower Cambrian in eastern Placentia Bay, southeastern Newfoundland, and Cape Breton Island. A unified stratigraphic nomenclature is appropriate in these Avalonian areas. The lower part of the “Black John” is an unconformity-bounded depositional sequence with subaerial rift facies (Rencontre Formation, 178+ m), overlying marine siliciclastic mudstones and fine sandstones (Chapel Island Formation, 59 m), and a quartzite cap (Random Formation, 2.05 m). The Chapel Island Formation has the oldest faunas from mainland Nova Scotia (Watsonella crosbyiZone, lower Placentian Series). A post-Random unconformity known in Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island lies at the Random-Bonavista Group (Cuslett Formation) contact in the upper “Black John Formation.”Fossiliferous Lower Cambrian limestones and siliciclastic mudstones previously reported from the Malignant Cove autochthon are actually clasts in basalt pebble-dominated slope deposits of the Arbuckle Brook Formation. These clasts were eroded from shallow-marine facies comparable to those in the Doctor's Brook allochthon during local uplift associated with Middle Cambrian(?) extension and mafic volcanism.Eight species are illustrated from the Placentian and Branchian Series.AnabaritellusMissarzhevsky, 1974, emend. (=SelindeochreaValkov, 1982) is a Lower Cambrian calcareous tube-dwelling metazoan(?) known from tri- through multisulcate conchs that are morphologically intermediate betweenAnabaritesandColeoloides.
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Busch, James F., Alan D. Rooney, Edward E. Meyer, Caleb F. Town, David P. Moynihan, and Justin V. Strauss. "Late Neoproterozoic – early Paleozoic basin evolution in the Coal Creek inlier of Yukon, Canada: implications for the tectonic evolution of northwestern Laurentia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 4 (April 2021): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0132.
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The age and nature of the Neoproterozoic – early Paleozoic rift–drift transition has been interpreted differently along the length of the North American Cordillera. The Ediacaran “upper” group (herein elevated to the Rackla Group) of the Coal Creek inlier, Yukon, Canada, represents a key succession to reconstruct the sedimentation history of northwestern Laurentia across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary and elucidate the timing of active tectonism during the protracted breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. These previously undifferentiated late Neoproterozoic – early Paleozoic map units in the Coal Creek inlier are herein formally defined as the Lone, Cliff Creek, Mount Ina, Last Chance, Shade, and Shell Creek formations. New sedimentological and stratigraphic data from these units is used to reconstruct the depositional setting. In the Last Chance Formation, chemostratigraphic observations indicate a ca. 5‰ δ13Ccarb gradient coincident with the globally recognized ca. 574–567 Ma Shuram carbon isotope excursion. Map and stratigraphic relationships in the overlying Shell Creek Formation provide evidence for latest Ediacaran – middle Cambrian tilting and rift-related sedimentation. This provides evidence for active extension through the Cambrian Miaolingian Series in northwestern Canada, supporting arguments for a multiphase and protracted breakup of Rodinia.
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Hong, Paul S., Jeong Gu Lee, and Duck K. Choi. "Trilobites from the Lejopyge armata Zone (upper Middle Cambrian) of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Korea." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 5 (September 2003): 895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000044759.
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Acid-resistant specimens of trilobites were recovered from the dissolved residues of lime mudstone collected from the lower part of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. One of the samples yields a trilobite assemblage comprising Lejopyge armata (Linnarsson, 1869), Lisogoragnostus coreanicus n. sp., agnostid genus and species indeterminate, ammagnostid genus and species indeterminate, clavagnostid genus and species indeterminate, Cyclolorenzella sp., and Eoshengia? sp. The stratigraphic interval yielding the trilobite assemblage is herein designated as the Lejopyge armata Zone, which is correlated well with the upper Middle Cambrian biozones established elsewhere. This provides the first biostratigraphic reference point for the upper Middle Cambrian sequence of the Yongwol Group and fills partially the biostratigraphic gap between the Tonkinella (middle Middle Cambrian) and the Glyptagnostus stolidotus (uppermost Middle Cambrian) zones in the Machari Formation.
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Jie-Dong, Yang, Sun Wei-Guo, Wang Zong-Zhe, and Wang Yin-Xi. "Sm—Nd isotopic age of Precambrian—Cambrian boundary in China." Geological Magazine 133, no. 1 (January 1996): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680000724x.
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AbstractBy the new method of Sm—Nd isotopic dating on phosphatic small skeletal fossils and collo-phanite minerals, the Zhongyicun Member of the earliest Cambrian Meishucun Stage at Meishucun in Yunnan, southern China, has been dated at 562.8 ± 7.9 Ma and 562.1 ± 5.7 Ma. Another Sm—Nd age, 570.3 ± 17.1 Ma, has been obtained with samples from the Zhongyicun Member in Yunnan and its stratigraphic equivalents in Sichuan and Xinjiang. These data tend to suggest that the best age estimate of the Precambrian—Cambrian boundary is very likely within the range of 560–570 Ma. As biophosphates and sedimentary phosphates are widely distributed in sequences of the Precambrian—Cambrian transition, the Sm-Nd isotopic method is recommended as an effective approach for precise dating of the initial Cambrian boundary.
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Landing, Ed, and Guy M. Narbonne. "Scenella and “a chondrophorine (medusoid hydrozoan) from the basal Cambrian (Placentian) of Newfoundland”." Journal of Paleontology 66, no. 2 (March 1992): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033837.
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In a recent article, Narbonne et al. (1991) documented that the stratigraphic range of the chondrophorine Kullingia delicata continues above the the uppermost Precambrian (Vendian) into the lowermost Cambrian (Placentian Series) of the Avalonian faunal province. The revised text published in the Journal of Paleontology includes several references to Scenella Billings, 1872, as a Cambrian chondrophorine. This classification is in error and unfortunately serves to reinforce several recent reports that conclude that Scenella is a chondrophorine rather than a helcionacean mollusk.
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Lindsay, J. F., M. D. Brasier, D. Dorjnamjaa, R. Goldring, P. D. Kruse, and R. A. Wood. "Facies and sequence controls on the appearance of the Cambrian biota in southwestern Mongolia: implications for the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary." Geological Magazine 133, no. 4 (July 1996): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800007585.
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AbstractNeoproterozoic–Cambrian rocks of the Zavkhan Basin (Govi-Altay, western Mongolia) comprise large-scale alternations of siliciclastic- and carbonate-dominated units (cf. ‘Grand Cycles’). Analysis of such depositional sequences near the base of the Cambrian confirms that the distribution of trace fossils, small shelly fossils and calcimicrobial structures was strongly controlled by ecology and taphonomy, corresponding to specific points in a sea-level cycle. Evolution of the Cambrian biota is thus viewed through aseries of narrow time windows, once only for each depositional cycle. Correlation of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary level on the basis of the first appearance of thePhycodes pedumassemblage is also fraught with difficulty, since stratigraphic resolution may be limited to a single sea-level cycle(c. 1–5 Ma). It is suggested that, in many cases, basin analysis will need to be undertaken before this boundary can be drawn.
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Rowell, A. J., and Margaret N. Rees. "Early Palaeozoic history of the upper Beardmore Glacier area: implications for a major Antarctic structural boundary within the Transantarctic Mountains." Antarctic Science 1, no. 3 (September 1989): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000374.
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The central and western Transantarctic Mountains appear to be divided longitudinally by one or more terrane boundaries that separate two regions characterized by different Lower Palaeozoic successions. Re-examination of the upper Beardmore Glacier area and reinterpretation of its Early Palaeozoic stratigraphy emphasizes the strong similarity between it and the Byrd Group outcrops in the area between the Byrd and Nimrod glaciers. This similarity demonstrates that for several hundred kilometres the Cambrian succession of an inboard region is largely devoid of volcanic rocks but includes fossiliferous Lower Cambrian platformal limestones that are overlain unconformably by coarse basin-fill deposits. The latter probably include beds of Middle and perhaps early Late Cambrian age that were themselves deformed prior to the Devonian. Erratic blocks indicate that comparable successions may have been developed as far west as the Whichaway Nunataks. The inferred geological history of this part of the continental margin, which is commonly regarded as autochthonous, stands in contrast to that of more outboard regions where thick volcanic sequences occur in expanded stratigraphic sections that include shallow-marine Middle and Late Cambrian deposits. We consider that these regions, predominantly the Queen Maud and Theil mountains and the Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, constitute one or more displaced crustal blocks. The boundary between them and the inboard sequence adjacent to the craton is probably a series of large strike-slip faults that may have been initiated during the Early Palaeozoic and have been active episodically since then.
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Kim, Dong Hee, Stephen R. Westrop, and Ed Landing. "Middle Cambrian (Acadian Series) conocoryphid and paradoxidid trilobites from the Upper Chamberlain's Brook Formation, Newfoundland and New Brunswick." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 5 (September 2002): 822–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037501.
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The Fossil Brook Member of the upper Chamberlain's Brook Formation is a thin (up to 14 m) but distinctive, unconformity-bound depositional sequence recognizable from Rhode Island to eastern Newfoundland in Avalonian North America. Its diverse trilobite fauna was first described more than century ago from the limestone-rich facies of the member in southern New Brunswick. However, the systematics, stratigraphic context, and biostratigraphic significance of these trilobites have remained poorly known. A revision of the conocoryphid and paradoxidid trilobites has been completed, and the taxa set into their stratigraphic context within the middle Middle Cambrian. The faunas of the Fossil Brook are assigned to the Eccaparadoxides eteminicus Zone of Avalon. Although biogeographic barriers between Avalon and Gondwana remained strong in the Middle Cambrian and few shared trilobite species are present, a generalized correlation of the E. eteminicus Zone into Gondwana is with the Badulesia tenera Zone of the Toushamian Stage in Morocco and the Badulesia Zone of the Caesaraugustian Stage in Spain.
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GEYER, G. "The Fish River Subgroup in Namibia: stratigraphy, depositional environments and the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary problem revisited." Geological Magazine 142, no. 5 (September 2005): 465–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805000956.
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The Fish River Subgroup of the Nama Group, southern Namibia, is restudied in terms of lithostratigraphy and depositional environment. The study is based on partly fine-scaled sections, particularly of the Nababis and Gross Aub Formation. The results are generally in accordance with earlier studies. However, braided river deposits appear to be less widely distributed in the studied area, and a considerable part of the formations of the middle and upper subgroup apparently were deposited under shallowest marine conditions including upper shore-face. Evidence comes partly from sedimentary features and facies distribution, and partly from trace fossils, particularly Skolithos and the characteristic Trichophycus pedum. Environmental conditions represented by layers with T. pedum suggest that the producer favoured shallow marine habitats and transgressive regimes. The successions represent two deepening-upward sequences, both starting as fluvial (braided river) systems and ending as shallow marine tidally dominated environments. The first sequence includes the traditional Stockdale, Breckhorn and lower Nababis formations (Zamnarib Member). The second sequence includes the upper Nababis (Haribes Member) and Gross Aub formations. As a result, the Nababis and Gross Aub formations require emendation: a new formation including the Haribes and Rosenhof and possibly also the Deurstamp members. In addition, four distinct sequence stratigraphic units are deter-minable for the Fish River Subgroup in the southern part of the basin. The Proterozoic–Cambrian transition in southern Namibia is most probably located as low as the middle Schwarzrand Subgroup. The environmentally controlled occurrence of Trichophycus pedum undermines the local stratigraphic significance of this trace fossil which is eponymous with the lowest Cambrian and Phanerozoic trace fossil assemblage on a global scale. However, occurrences of such trace fossils have to be regarded as positive evidence for Phanerozoic age regardless of co-occurring body fossils. Other suggestions strongly dispute the concept of the formal Proterozoic–Cambrian and Precambrian–Phanerozoic boundary. Carbon isotope excursions and radiometric datings for the Nama Group do not help to calibrate precisely the temporal extent of the Fish River Subgroup. Fossil content, sequence stratigraphy and inferred depositional developments suggest that this subgroup represents only a short period of late orogenic molasse sedimentation during the early sub-trilobitic Early Cambrian.
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Korobova, Natalia I., Evgeniya E. Karnyushina, Nadezhda S. Shevchuk, Sergei V. Frolov, Elena A. Bakay, and Grigorii G. Akhmanov. "Geology aspects, sedimentation environments and oil-and-gas bearing capacity of Vendian and Cambrian deposits of Lena-Tunguska basin." Georesursy 24, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2022.2.9.
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At present time several dozen hydrocarbon fields are known in the Vendian-Cambrian complex of the Lena-Tunguska basin, which clearly does not exhaust its potential. The significant stratigraphic interval of the complex, its thickness (up to 3000 m), favorable properties laid down in sedimentogenesis, namely the presence of source, reservoir and seal deposits, allow us to hope for the discovery of new oil and gas deposits. Sedimentological studies of the Vendian-Cambrian complex, carried out using a network of key lithological sections and outcrops, made it possible to create a series of schematic maps of sedimentation environments on a scale of 1:5000000 for six time intervals (Nepa, Tira, Danilovo, Tommotian-Early Atdabanian, Botomian-Amgaian and Late Cambrian). The evolution of sedimentation of the Vendian-Cambrian complex is considered, as well as an assessment of its oil and gas properties, which are primarily associated with various sedimentation environments.
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Buatois, Luis A., M. Gabriela Mángano, Nicholas J. Minter, Kai Zhou, Max Wisshak, Mark A. Wilson, and Ricardo A. Olea. "Quantifying ecospace utilization and ecosystem engineering during the early Phanerozoic—The role of bioturbation and bioerosion." Science Advances 6, no. 33 (August 2020): eabb0618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0618.
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The Cambrian explosion (CE) and the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE) are the two most important radiations in Paleozoic oceans. We quantify the role of bioturbation and bioerosion in ecospace utilization and ecosystem engineering using information from 1367 stratigraphic units. An increase in all diversity metrics is demonstrated for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, followed by a decrease in most values during the middle to late Cambrian, and by a more modest increase during the Ordovician. A marked increase in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity of bioturbation is shown during the CE and of bioerosion during the GOBE. Innovations took place first in offshore settings and later expanded into marginal-marine, nearshore, deep-water, and carbonate environments. This study highlights the importance of the CE, despite its Ediacaran roots. Differences in infaunalization in offshore and shelf paleoenvironments favor the hypothesis of early Cambrian wedge-shaped oxygen minimum zones instead of a horizontally stratified ocean.
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Smith, Tegan, Andrew P. Kelman, Robert Nicoll, Dianne Edwards, Lisa Hall, John Laurie, and Lidena Carr. "An updated stratigraphic framework for the Georgina Basin, NT and Queensland." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12098.
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The Georgina Basin is a Neoproterozoic to Lower Devonian sedimentary basin covering 325,000 km2 of western Queensland and the NT. It is a northwest-southeast-trending extensional basin, with prospective conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon targets in Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate and siliciclastic rock units. The unconventional gas and oil potential of the basin has led to recent exploration interest, although the basin has been relatively less explored in the past. At the southern end of the basin, depocentres contain up to 2.2 km of Cambrian to Devonian sedimentary rocks, overlying Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks more than 1.5 km thick. The basin succession thins toward the north, where Cambrian sediments overlie the McArthur Basin sediments in the Beetaloo Sub-basin. Biostratigraphic interpretations of the prospective southern, central and eastern regions of the basin have been revised to reflect the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein, Ogg, Schmitz, and Ogg, 2012), resulting in an updated chronostratigraphic framework for the basin. The revised biostratigraphic interpretations have implications for important hydrocarbon source rocks. For example, the limestone unit in the southern parts of the basin, generally regarded as the Thorntonia Limestone, is of a different age to the type section for this unit, located in the Undilla Sub-basin. Additionally, the basal hot shale of the Arthur Creek Formation is diachronous across the Dulcie and Toko synclines, which may have ramifications for hydrocarbon exploration. This revised chronostratigraphic framework (by Geoscience Australia) for the Georgina Basin provides a baseline for the first basin-wide assessment of the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of the basin.
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Gubin, I. A., A. E. Kontorovich, I. V. Korovnikov, and T. M. Parfenova. "The Structure of Cambrian Deposits of the Vilyui Hemisyneclise, Based on an Integrated Analysis of Drilling and Seismic Data." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 914–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20214353.
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Abstract —We present a model of the stratigraphic and lateral distribution of Cambrian deposits in the Vilyui hemisyneclise, based on an analysis of drilling data and interpretation of seismic data. The study shows a series of formations and sequences penetrated by wells (Syugdzher saddle, Khorgochum monocline, Ygyatta depression, Tyukyan–Chybyda monocline, Arbai–Sinyaya megaswell, etc.). In the areas where the Cambrian was not penetrated by wells, the distribution of Cambrian deposit was inferred based on the available seismic data. The distribution of the Kuonamka Horizon formed by Cambrian organic-rich rocks is characterized in detail. These are the Kumakh and Sinyaya–Kutorgina sequences and the Inikan and Kuonamka formations. It has been found that the Kuonamka Horizon was deposited during two stages, Botomian and Toyonian–early Mayan. The horizon is overlain by younger deposits of the Mayan Stage, with characteristic cross-bedding structures. Schemes of facies zoning of the Cambrian for Botomian, Toyonian–early Mayan, and middle Mayan times were constructed based on the most recent geological and geophysical understanding of the Vilyui hemisyneclise.
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Landing, Ed. "Upper Precambrian through Lower Cambrian of Cape Breton Island: faunas, paleoenvironments, and stratigraphic revision." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 4 (July 1991): 570–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030675.
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Latest Precambrian through Early Cambrian tectonic history and stratigraphy are comparable in southeastern Cape Breton Island and the western Placentia–Bonavista axis, southeastern Newfoundland. The lithostratigraphic nomenclature of southeastern Newfoundland is used for this interval in Cape Breton Island. Upper Precambrian volcanic rocks of the Forchu Group (=“Giant Lake Complex,’ designation abandoned) are unconformably overlain by uppermost Precambrian through lowest Cambrian strata termed the “Morrison River Formation’ (designation abandoned). This depositional sequence consists of three formations: 1) red beds through tidalites of the Rencontre Formation (to 279+ m; =“Kelvin Lake Formation,’ designation abandoned); 2) prodeltaic clastics of the Chapel Island Formation (to 260 m); and 3) macrotidal quartzites of the Random Formation (to 71 + m). Post-Random block faulting and 300 m of local erosion took place prior to onlap of the “MacCodrum Formation’ (abandoned). Siliciclastic mudstones of the lower “MacCodrum’ are re-assigned to the middle Lower Cambrian Bonavista Group. Sub-trilobitic faunas from the Bonavista Group include “Ladatheca’ cylindrica from the West Centre Cove Formation(?) and higher diversity faunas (23 species) in the Camenella baltica Zone of the Cuslett and Fosters Point Formations. Trilobite-bearing, upper Lower Cambrian (Branchian Series) strata (Brigus Formation, =upper “MacCodrum’ and overlying “Canoe Brook’ Formations) unconformably overlie the Placentian Series in Cape Breton Island, southeastern Newfoundland, Shropshire, and, probably, eastern Massachusetts. Correlations based on small shelly fossils indicate an earlier appearance of trilobites in Avalon than on the South China Platform. Twenty-six species are illustrated. Halkieria fordi n. sp., the conodont(?) “Rushtonites’ asiatica n. sp., and the zhijinitid(?) Samsanoffoclavus matthewi n. gen. and sp. are described. Ischyrinia? sp. may be the oldest ischyrinoid rostroconch.
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AHN, SOO YEUN, and MAOYAN ZHU. "Lowermost Cambrian acritarchs from the Yanjiahe Formation, South China: implication for defining the base of the Cambrian in the Yangtze Platform." Geological Magazine 154, no. 6 (February 13, 2017): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816001369.
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AbstractTheAsteridium–Heliosphaeridium–Comasphaeridium(AHC) acritarch assemblage is composed of common organic-walled microfossils in the basal Cambrian chert–phosphorite units in South China, indicating that the AHC assemblage can be a useful biostratigraphic tool for the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary successions in the Yangtze Platform. To test the validity of the AHC acritarch assemblage as a biostratigraphic tool, the stratigraphic range of the AHC acritarch assemblage was confirmed, and its spatial and temporal relationships to other bio- and chemostratigraphic tools were analysed in the Yanjiahe Formation, Yangtze Gorges area, South China. The result shows that the AHC assemblage temporally correlates to theAnabarites trisulcatus–Protohertzina anabaricaAssemblage Zone, and spatially correlates to the large negative carbon isotope anomaly of the lowermost Cambrian (BACE) in the Yanjiahe Formation. This implies that the radiation of phytoplankton occurred slightly before the radiation of the small shelly fossils, and the AHC acritarch assemblage can be another important chronological reference to the lowermost Cambrian successions in South China, and potentially to global correlations.
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Felitsyn, Sergey B., and Eugeny S. Bogomolov. "Nd isotope composition of the Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian phosphorite nodules and Fe sulphide from the East European Platform." Geological Magazine 157, no. 12 (August 19, 2020): 2081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000497.
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AbstractAn enhanced concentration of phosphorus has been found at the stratigraphic level of the disappearance of Ediacaran taxa in two areas, the Cis-Dniester region and the Moscow syneclise, on the East European Platform (EEP). The isotope composition of neodymium was determined in Fe sulphide and phosphorite in the same beds. Measured εNd(t) values in diagenetic phosphate nodules are similar to those in iron sulphide from the same layer. During the Ediacaran − Early Cambrian, accumulation of radiogenic Nd in the epeiric basins on the EEP increased progressively from −17.9 and −19.4 in pyrite from the sequence bottom to −7.9 and −8.5 in the Early Cambrian pyrite of the central part of the EEP. The Ediacaran phosphate nodules show εNd(t) ranging from −12.9 to −15.0, while that in the Early Cambrian nodules is typically c. −9.0. These data indicate the secular change in Nd isotope composition of the water reservoir on the EEP from Ediacaran to Cambrian.
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Ripperdan, R. L., M. Magaritz, and J. L. Kirschvink. "Carbon isotope and magnetic polarity evidence for non-depositional events within the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary section near Dayangcha, Jilin Province, China." Geological Magazine 130, no. 4 (July 1993): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800020525.
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AbstractCarbon isotope and magnetic polarity stratigraphic results from the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary section at Xiaoyangqiao, near Dayangcha, Jilin Province, China, in comparison to a contemporaneous section at Black Mountain, Australia, indicate strata equivalent to major portions of the Australian sequence are either absent or are restricted to highly condensed intervals. These intervals are correlative with regressive sea level events identified in Australia and western North America, suggesting regional or eustatic sea level changes strongly influenced deposition of the Xiaoyangqiao sequence. These results also suggest the Xiaoyangqiao section is unfavourable as the site of the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Global Stratotype Section and Point.
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Pickerill, R. K., and J. S. Peel. "Trace fossils from the Lower Cambrian Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 147 (January 1, 1990): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v147.8105.
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New trace fossil collections are described from Lower Cambrian siliciclastic shallow marine shelf deposits of the Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, together with a taxonomic re-assessment of previously reported material. The entire assemblage comprises 19 ichnogenera, 25 ichnospecies, as well as two vernacular ichnotaxa. Although no new ichnotaxa are present the material reveals new information on the 3-dimensional structure of two of the contained ichnogenera, namely Plagiogmus Roedel and Psammichnites TorelI. The stratigraphic range of a single ichnospecies, Rusophycus latus Webby, is formally extended from the Lower Ordovician to the Lower Cambrian. The assemblage compares favourably with Lower Cambrian ichnocoenoses described from other continents, particularly at the ichnogeneric level. Comparison with similar sequences suggests that the sub-trilobitic Lower Bastion Formation is late Tommotian to early Atdabanian in age, possibly entirely Atdabanian.
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MOCZYDŁOWSKA, MAŁGORZATA, GRAHAM E. BUDD, and HEDA AGIĆ. "Ecdysozoan-like sclerites among Ediacaran microfossils." Geological Magazine 152, no. 6 (August 5, 2015): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681500045x.
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AbstractWe report the occurrence of organically preserved microfossils from the subsurface Ediacaran strata overlying the East European Platform in Poland, in the form of sclerites and cuticle fragments of larger organisms. They are morphologically similar to those known from Cambrian strata and associated with various metazoan fossils of recognized phyla. The Ediacaran age of the microfossils is evident from the stratigraphic position below the base of the Cambrian System and above the isotopically dated tuff layers at c. 551±4Ma. Within this strata interval, other characteristic Ediacaran microorganisms co-occur such as cyanobacteria, vendotaenids, microalgae, Ceratophyton, Valkyria and macroscopic annelidan Sabellidites. The recent contributions of organic sclerites in revealing the scope of the Cambrian explosion are therefore also potentially extendable back to the Ediacaran Period when animals first appear in the fossil record.
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GEHLING, JAMES G., SÖREN JENSEN, MARY L. DROSER, PAUL M. MYROW, and GUY M. NARBONNE. "Burrowing below the basal Cambrian GSSP, Fortune Head, Newfoundland." Geological Magazine 138, no. 2 (March 2001): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680100509x.
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The range of Treptichnus pedum, the index trace fossil for the Treptichnus pedum Zone, extends some 4 m below the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point for the base of the Cambrian Period at Fortune Head on the Burin Peninsula in southeastern Newfoundland. The identification of zigzag traces of Treptichnus isp., even further below the GSSP than T. pedum in the Fortune Head section, and in other terminal Proterozoic successions around the globe, supports the concept of a gradational onset of three-dimensional burrowing across the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary. Although T. pedum remains a reasonable indicator for the base of the Cambrian Period, greater precision in the stratotype section can be achieved by a detailed re-evaluation of the stratigraphic ranges and the morphological variation of ichnotaxa included in the T. pedum Zone.
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Norford, B. S. "Introduction to papers on the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary." Geological Magazine 125, no. 4 (July 1988): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013005.
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AbstractThe Working Group has the responsibility of recommending a specific level within a suitable stratigraphic section to serve as the global stratotype for the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary. Commencing in 1974, comprehensive studies culminated in a plenary session in Calgary in 1985 resulting in decisions on the ‘golden-spike’ principle of selecting the boundary at a horizon just below the first influx of nematophorous graptolites. Conodonts are to be used as the primary guide for the selection of the specific horizon and the global stratotype section must have potential for studies using paleomagnetism, geochemistry and other non-biological correlation tools. The specific horizon will correspond approximately to the base of the Tremadoc Series of Wales and slightly higher than the base of Canadian Series as used in western North America.The Calgary meeting considered the Broom Point and Green Point sections in Newfoundland, Canada, and the Xiaoyangqiao section at Dayangcha, China, as prime candidates to serve as the global stratotype. A delegation from the Working Group inspected the Dayangcha sections in 1986. For this visit, comprehensive documentation and description of the sequence were prepared and published and are briefly summarized in the present issue.Specific uncertainties remain to be resolved for the Dayangcha and Newfoundland stratigraphic sections before the Working Group will be ready to recommend selection of a global stratotype.
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Gubin, Igor A., and Vladimir A. Kontorovich. "Seismogeological structure model of the Anabar-Olenek region." Georesursy 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.1.7.
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The velocity characteristics of the Upper Proterozoic-Phanerozoic sedimentary cover of the Anabar-Olenek region were studied, in particular, the bimodal character of the distribution interval P-wave velocities was established. Taking into account modern ideas about the chronostratigraphy of sediments encountered by the Charchykskaya-1, Burskaya-3410 and Khastakhskaya-930 deep boreholes, stratification of reflecting horizons was carried out and time sections from previous years were reinterpreted. From the perspective of seismic stratigraphic and seismic facies analysis, the Cambrian, Vendian, and Riphean intervals of the section were examined in detail. In the course of the analysis, adjustments to the stratigraphic breakdown of the Burskaya-3410 and Charchykskaya-1 boreholes are proposed. The study shows that the Lapar Formation, which underwent Prepermian erosion, increase in the thickness multiple in an eastward direction. The distribution areas of the Tuessal Formation, the Lower and Middle Cambrian clinoform complex, as well as the areas of the Upper Riphean Formations reaching the Prevendian erosion surface are contoured. An Intrariphean tectonic disagreement between the Kulady Formation and older deposits was established.
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Pegel, Tatyana V. "Evolution of trilobite biofacies in Cambrian basins of the Siberian Platform." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 6 (November 2000): 1000–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017571.
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Cambrian biotic zonation on the Siberian Platform reflects differentiation of the depositional environments (inner shelf, outer shelf and open basin). The combination of the chart of trilobite biofacies replacement and the curve of sea-level fluctuations shows that trilobite biofacies replacement occurs as a rule at times of sign reversal and distinct change in the rates of sea-level rise or fall. The boundaries of major Siberian platform Cambrian chronostratigraphic units, such a stages and series, frequently coincide with the boundaries of biofacies in stratigraphic succession related to sea-level fluctuations. If these fluctuations are gradual and restricted, then the boundaries of the Cambrian stages and series cannot be isochronous levels at a global scale. The known levels for intercontinental correlation on the Siberian Platform include boundaries of the adjacent Triplagnostus gibbus and Tomagnostus fissus Zones from the uppermost Amganian Stage (Middle Cambrian) and the Glyptagnostus stolidotus and Glyptagnostus reticulatus Zones of the lower Upper Cambrian. Both levels correspond to boundaries between highstands and lowstands on the Siberian Platform and appear to serve as boundaries of high rank. Evolution of the trilobite biofacies zonation is illustrated by genera typical for each of the various Cambrian paleogeographic environments on the Siberian Platform.
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Tanoli, Saifullah K., and Ron K. Pickerill. "Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 669–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-064.
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The Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group of the Saint John area, southern New Brunswick, has historically been subdivided into 11 formations. The existing scheme is inappropriate, however, as many of the supposed formations, particularly those of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician age, were distinguished on a biostratigraphic rather than lithostratigraphic basis. We suggest the sequence can be more appropriately subdivided into seven formations, each of which can be clearly and easily identified by the field geologist. Lower Cambrian formations comprise, from base to top, the Ratcliffe Brook, Glen Falls, and Hanford Brook formations, all of which are retained from the previous nomenclature. Middle Cambrian strata comprise the Forest Hills Formation (to replace the Fossil Brook and Porter Road formations) and Upper Cambrian strata the King Square Formation (to replace the Hastings Cove and Agnostus Cove formations) and Silver Falls Formation (to replace the Black Shale Brook and Narrows formations). Lower Ordovician strata are referred to as the Reversing Falls Formation (to replace the Navy Island and Suspension Bridge formations). Descriptions of each formation are given, major sections of each are included, and stratigraphic correlation of the sequence in different geographic areas is demonstrated.
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Landing, Ed, and Stephen R. Westrop. "Upper Lower Cambrian depositional sequence in Avalonian New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-030.
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The Hanford Brook Formation (emended) is a thin (up to 42+ m), upper Lower Cambrian depositional sequence that is unconformably bounded by the lower Lower Cambrian (Random Formation) and the middle Middle Cambrian (Fossil Brook Member of the Chamberlain's Brook Formation). These stratigraphic relationships of the trilobite-bearing Hanford Brook Formation indicate deposition on the Avalonian marginal platform in the Saint John, New Brunswick, region and provide more evidence for a uniform, latest Precambrian–Cambrian epeirogenic history and cover sequence in Avalon. The Hanford Brook Formation is a deepening–shoaling sequence with (i) lower, transgressive sandstone deposited in episodically high-energy environments (St. Martins Member, new); (ii) highstand–regressive, dysaerobic mudstone – fine-grained sandstone with volcanic ashes (Somerset Street Member, new); and (iii) upper, regressive, planar and hummocky cross-stratified sandstone (Long Island Member, new). Trilobites are common in the distal Somerset Street Member, and ostracodes and brachiopods dominate the St. Martins and Long Island members. Condensation of the St. Martins Member and absence of the Long Island Member where the Random Formation and Fossil Brook Member are thinnest suggest onlap of the Hanford Brook and pronounced, sub-Middle Cambrian erosion across epeirogenically active blocks in southern New Brunswick.