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Journal articles on the topic 'Stratification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 August 2024

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1

MINWEI, QIAN, and LIU SHIDA. "SCALE EXPONENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE UNDER DIFFERENT STRATIFICATIONS." Fractals 04, no. 01 (March 1996): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x96000078.

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Wavelet analysis is used to measure directly the scale exponents of atmospheric turbulence at inertial range under different stratifications. It is found that the average values of the scale exponents under different stratifications are clearly different and are all lower than the Kolmogorov 1941 value of 1/3. The difference shows that, according to the intermittent turbulence model, turbulence under stable stratification behaves more intermittently than under unstable stratification. The reason may be that the gravity wave, which could exist only under stable stratification, modulates the state of nocturnal surface layer and causes this kind of intermittence.

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2

Jiang, Xiandie, Guiying Li, Dengsheng Lu, Erxue Chen, and Xinliang Wei. "Stratification-Based Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation in a Subtropical Region Using Airborne Lidar Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071101.

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Species-rich subtropical forests have high carbon sequestration capacity and play important roles in regional and global carbon regulation and climate changes. A timely investigation of the spatial distribution characteristics of subtropical forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential to assess forest carbon stocks. Lidar (light detection and ranging) is regarded as the most reliable data source for accurate estimation of forest AGB. However, previous studies that have used lidar data have often beenbased on a single model developed from the relationships between lidar-derived variables and AGB, ignoring the variability of this relationship in different forest types. Although stratification of forest types has been proven to be effective for improving AGB estimation, how to stratify forest types and how many strata to use are still unclear. This research aims to improve forest AGB estimation through exploring suitable stratification approaches based on lidar and field survey data. Different stratification schemes including non-stratification and stratifications based on forest types and forest stand structures were examined. The AGB estimation models were developed using linear regression (LR) and random forest (RF) approaches. The results indicate the following: (1) Proper stratifications improved AGB estimation and reduced the effect of under- and overestimation problems; (2) the finer forest type strata generated higher accuracy of AGB estimation but required many more sample plots, which were often unavailable; (3) AGB estimation based on stratification of forest stand structures was similar to that based on five forest types, implying that proper stratification reduces the number of sample plots needed; (4) the optimal AGB estimation model and stratification scheme varied, depending on forest types; and (5) the RF algorithm provided better AGB estimation for non-stratification than the LR algorithm, but the LR approach provided better estimation with stratification. Results from this research provide new insights on how to properly conduct forest stratification for AGB estimation modeling, which is especially valuable in tropical and subtropical regions with complex forest types.

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Görtz, Ulrich, and Chia-Fu Yu. "Supersingular Kottwitz–Rapoport strata and Deligne–Lusztig varieties." Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 9, no. 2 (August 11, 2009): 357–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748009000218.

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AbstractWe investigate the special fibres of Siegel modular varieties with Iwahori level structure. On these spaces, we have the Newton stratification, and the Kottwitz–Rapoport (KR) stratification; one would like to understand how these stratifications are related to each other. We give a simple description of all KR strata which are entirely contained in the supersingular locus as disjoint unions of Deligne–Lusztig varieties. We also give an explicit numerical description of the KR stratification in terms of abelian varieties.

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4

Hall, Rob A., John M. Huthnance, and Richard G. Williams. "Internal Wave Reflection on Shelf Slopes with Depth-Varying Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0192.1.

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Abstract Reflection of internal waves from sloping topography is simple to predict for uniform stratification and linear slope gradients. However, depth-varying stratification presents the complication that regions of the slope may be subcritical and other regions supercritical. Here, a numerical model is used to simulate a mode-1, M2 internal tide approaching a shelf slope with both uniform and depth-varying stratifications. The fractions of incident internal wave energy reflected back offshore and transmitted onto the shelf are diagnosed by calculating the energy flux at the base of slope (with and without topography) and at the shelf break. For the stratifications/topographies considered in this study, the fraction of energy reflected for a given slope criticality is similar for both uniform and depth-varying stratifications. This suggests the fraction reflected is dependent only on maximum slope criticality and independent of the depth of the pycnocline. The majority of the reflected energy flux is in mode 1, with only minor contributions from higher modes due to topographic scattering. The fraction of energy transmitted is dependent on the depth-structure of the stratification and cannot be predicted from maximum slope criticality. If near-surface stratification is weak, transmitted internal waves may not reach the shelf break because of decreased horizontal wavelength and group velocity.

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5

Colebrook, Claire. "‘A Grandiose Time of Coexistence’: Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene." Deleuze Studies 10, no. 4 (November 2016): 440–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2016.0238.

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Using Deleuze and Guattari's concept of stratigraphy, it is possible to open the question of the limits and range of the Anthropocene. Geological stratification has enabled a view of time and the earth that has opened new horizons, but this mode of stratification is one among others. Other stratifications are possible, not only those that would be compossible with the story of the Anthropocene (such as the histories of capital, empire and industrialism), but also incompossible stratifications, at odds with the history of man.

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6

Meiqian, Wang, Zhang Changxing, Song Binghui, Liu Haiming, and Xu Wei. "Study on the mechanical properties of anisotropic red sandstone under point load strength test and uniaxial compression strength." Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488x.000064.

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The red sandstone of Xiaopu 3# branch Cave in the Yuxi section of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project was taken as the research object. The uniaxial compression strength and point load strength test are conducted from the perspectives of vertical and parallel stratifications, respectively, and then the anisotropy of red sandstone was analyzed in detail. The data obtained from the field and laboratory test was analyzed, and the conversion relationship between point load strength index and uniaxial compression strength is a power function under both parallel stratification and vertical stratification. The study results showed that: The mechanical properties of red sandstone have obvious anisotropy. The difference in its mechanical properties is particularly evident in UCS and point load tests and Is(50) and UCS under vertical stratification are significantly greater than Is(50) under parallel stratification. The point load strength correction index m of red sandstone is m = 0.4096 under parallel stratification, and m = 0.4408 under vertical stratification.

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7

He, Zhiguo, Liang Zhao, and Ching-Hao Yu. "HYDRODYNAMIC MECHANISM OF TURBIDITY CURRENTS IN ESTUARY STRATIFICATIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.80.

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Water stratification commonly exists in nature, such as thermocline in lakes and oceans and halocline in estuaries and oceans (He et al. 2017). Turbidity currents in estuary often encounter stratified sea water, which may significantly influence their propagation and deposition. This study presents high-resolution numerical simulations of lock-exchange gravity and turbidity currents in linear stratifications on a flat bed. Laboratory experiments are conducted to validate the numerical model and good agreements between numerical results and measurements are found. The evolution process, front velocity, internal wave, and entrainment ratio are analyzed based on the numerical results. For a gravity current in a strong stratification, its front velocity can be maintained as a near constant state for a long time after an initial acceleration period because of interactions between the current and internal waves. However, sedimentation of suspended particles due to the damping effect of ambient stratification on turbulence makes a turbidity current quickly lose its structure so the maintaining effect of the internal waves on its front velocity is quite weak. During the evolution process of a turbidity current, the ambient stratification is found to damp the turbulent structures, and front velocity. Stratification can also decrease the entrainment ratios between a gravity current and ambient water after the initial period, but it has an insignificant influence on the entrainment ratios of a turbidity current. This study provides a better understanding of gravity and turbidity currents in estuary stratifications.

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8

Bosco, M., and P. Meunier. "Three-dimensional instabilities of a stratified cylinder wake." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 759 (October 20, 2014): 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.517.

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AbstractThis paper describes experimentally, numerically and theoretically how the three-dimensional instabilities of a cylinder wake are modified by the presence of a linear density stratification. The first part is focused on the case of a cylinder with a small tilt angle between the cylinder’s axis and the vertical. The classical mode A well-known for a homogeneous fluid is still present. It is more unstable for moderate stratifications but it is stabilized by a strong stratification. The second part treats the case of a moderate tilt angle. For moderate stratifications, a new unstable mode appears, mode S, characterized by undulated layers of strong density gradients and axial flow. These structures correspond to Kelvin–Helmholtz billows created by the strong shear present in the critical layer of each tilted von Kármán vortex. The last two parts deal with the case of a strongly tilted cylinder. For a weak stratification, an instability (mode RT) appears far from the cylinder, due to the overturning of the isopycnals by the von Kármán vortices. For a strong stratification, a short wavelength unstable mode (mode L) appears, even in the absence of von Kármán vortices. It is probably due to the strong shear created by the lee waves upstream of a secondary recirculation bubble. A map of the four different unstable modes is established in terms of the three parameters of the study: the Reynolds number, the Froude number (characterizing the stratification) and the tilt angle.

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9

Chelwa, Grieve, Darrick Hamilton, and Avi Green. "Identity Group Stratification, Political Economy & Inclusive Economic Rights." Daedalus 152, no. 1 (2023): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01973.

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Abstract This essay demonstrates the necessity of formally incorporating identity group stratification as a pillar alongside economic and political understandings of any political economy framework. We make our case by juxtaposing mutual inadequacies and myopic limitations associated with two influential but polar political economy frameworks-Marxian and public choice theory-since neither framework formally incorporates an identity group stratification lens beyond class reductionism. Finally, in addition to presenting an identity group stratification lens to economic thought, we present an Inclusive Economic Rights policy framework as a critical baseline component of human rights, foregrounding political economic tendencies toward identity group stratifications as a pathway forward to achieve a “moral political economy.”

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10

Robinson, Laura, Øyvind Wiborg, and Jeremy Schulz. "Interlocking Inequalities: Digital Stratification Meets Academic Stratification." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 9 (May 22, 2018): 1251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773826.

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This article examines the effects of digital inequality in conjunction with curricular tracking on academic achievement. Capitalizing on an original survey administered to seniors (fourth-year secondary school students), our survey data ( N = 972) come from a large American public high school with a predominantly disadvantaged student body. The school’s elective tracking system and inadequate digital resources make for an excellent case study of the effects of a differentiated curriculum and digital inequalities on academic achievement. Multilevel random-effects and fixed-effects regression models applied to the survey data reveal the important role played by digital inequalities in shaping academic achievement as measured by GPA. As the models establish, academic achievement is positively correlated with both duration of digital experience and usage intensity regarding academically useful computing activities, even when students’ curricular and class placement are taken into account. In contrast, both leisure computing and smartphone usage are negatively correlated with academic achievement as measured by GPA. Also with regard to GPA, findings show that students in the higher curricular tracks benefit more from longer durations of digital experience than do students in lower curricular tracks. These results underscore the importance of focusing attention on the ways in which digital inequalities combine with curricular tracking in shaping academic achievement.

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11

Sternberg, Klaus. "Temperature stratification in bog ponds." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 129, no. 3 (January 25, 1994): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/129/1994/373.

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12

Forster, Thomas, and Olivier Esser. "Relaxing stratification." Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin 14, no. 2 (June 2007): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36045/bbms/1179839217.

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13

Heena. "Social Stratification." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.020.

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No society is classes or without strata. Social stratification is part and parcel of social life. Every society defines a means of categorizing each person into a particular social group. The placement of each individual in turn determines his value, as defined by the larger society: hence, the greater role of society in defining every person’s value. Differences in values and statuses of individual engender stratification in the society. If social stratification affected only such matters as who gets elected as president or who becomes the chief executive officer, separate chapter might not be dedicated to its discussion. But social stratification does much more: it results in some members of society benefiting greatly and others suffering. We shall discuss the characteristics of social stratification, forms of social stratification, and social stratification in India.

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14

Anurin, Vladimir F. "Economic Stratification." Sociological Research 34, no. 6 (November 1995): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154340650.

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15

Bogomolova, Tat'iana Iu, and Vera S. Tapilina. "Economic Stratification." Sociological Research 37, no. 4 (July 1998): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154370426.

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16

Radaev, Vadim. "Social Stratification." Journal of Economic Sociology 2, no. 2 (2001): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2001-2-151-165.

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17

Collins, Sean P., Mihai Gheorghiade, Neal L. Weintraub, Alan B. Storrow, Peter S. Pang, William T. Abraham, Brian Hiestand, Gregg C. Fonarow, and W. Frank Peacock. "Risk Stratification." Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 7, no. 2 (June 2008): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hpc.0b013e318177dee4.

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18

Haber, Debra R., and Eileen Stuart-Shor. "Risk Stratification." Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 30, no. 4 (2015): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000271.

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19

Page, Lindsay C., Avi Feller, Todd Grindal, Luke Miratrix, and Marie-Andree Somers. "Principal Stratification." American Journal of Evaluation 36, no. 4 (July 28, 2015): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214015594419.

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20

Jeffery, Roger, and Dipankar Gupta. "Social Stratification." Man 28, no. 3 (September 1993): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804269.

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21

Durstine, Larry, and Tracey J. Cole. "RISK STRATIFICATION." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 5 (September 1994): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199409000-00040.

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22

Johnson, Lee A. "Social Stratification." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 43, no. 3 (July 10, 2013): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107913493565.

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23

Rosendaal, F. R., and P. H. Reitsma. "Publication stratification." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 12, no. 4 (April 2014): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.12556.

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24

Kenet, Robert O., and Barney J. Kenet. "RISK STRATIFICATION." Dermatologic Clinics 19, no. 2 (April 2001): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70270-9.

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25

Blezek, Daniel J., and James V. Miller. "Atlas stratification." Medical Image Analysis 11, no. 5 (October 2007): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.07.001.

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Vernick, William, and Lee A. Fleisher. "Risk stratification." Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2007.10.002.

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27

Francois, Roger. "Cool stratification." Nature 428, no. 6978 (March 2004): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/428031a.

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Smith, T. M. F. "Post-Stratification." Statistician 40, no. 3 (1991): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2348284.

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Green, Matt. "RISK STRATIFICATION." ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 14, no. 4 (July 2010): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/fit.0b013e3181e34908.

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30

Ziegler, A., and G. Altmann. "Text Stratification." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 10, no. 3 (December 2003): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296170512331383605.

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31

COOK, E. FRANCIS, and LEE GOLDMAN. "ASYMMETRIC STRATIFICATION." American Journal of Epidemiology 127, no. 3 (March 1988): 626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114838.

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32

Plotnick, Gary D. "Risk Stratification." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360010061004.

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33

Mardhatillah, Febrianti, and Yenni Hayati. "REPRESENTASI STRATIFIKASI MASYARAKAT JAWADALAM NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/81072490.

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This study aims to describe the representation of Javanese social stratificationin Pantai Gadis novel by Paramoedya Ananta Toer, which includes: (1) the formof social stratification of the Javanese community, (2) the causes of of the Javanese community, and (3) the impact of the socialstratification of the Javanese community. This research is a qualitative studyand descriptive methods. Based on the analysis of the data obtained; (1) theform of social stratification in Javanese society is the division of aristocraticgroups (Ndra), priyayi (bureaucrats), and the underprivileged (ordinary people)because they are influenced by factors of power or rank, (2) the causes ofJavanese stratification are several one factor is wealth, power and povertybecause in general the cause is from a person's economic factors, and (3) theimpact of social stratification of the Javanese community one of which isdiscriminatory from various parties both upper and lower classes, then existence of ethnocentrism (boasting of one's own culture ), it means that theculture it has is good and must be numbered while other cultures do not, andthe last one is social conflict, many social conflicts occur because of the 2previous impacts, namely discrimination and ethnocentrism, social conflictsoccur because of inner turmoil towards individuals.Keywords : form of stratification, cause of stratification, and effect ofstratification

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Khvedelidze, Arsen, and Astghik Torosyan. "On the Stratifications of 2-Qubits X-State Space." EPJ Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817302011.

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The 7-dimensional family ℬX of the so-called mixed X-states of 2-qubits is considered. Two versions of stratifications of ℬX , i.e., its decomposition into strata according to orbit types of the adjoint actions of two groups, are described. The first stratification is due to the action of global unitary group GX ⊂ S U(4), while the second one corresponds to the action of the local unitary group LGX ⊂ GX . The equations and in-equalities in the invariants of the corresponding groups, determining each stratification component, are given.

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35

Xia, Bin Wei, Jie Wang, Yi Yu Lu, Yong Kang, and Dong Li. "Analysis on Variable Bond Strength Failure Criterion of Layered Rock Mass Based on Numerical Simulation and Model-Test." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2220.

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The layered rock mass consists of kinds of stratifications whose mechanical properties are not wholly identical with each other. In order to figure out its strength failure criterion, the variable bond strength failure criterion is proposed depending on Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the change law of the strength parameters varying with the dip angle of stratification plane (that is the angle between the maximum principal stress and the stratification plane). What’s more, the criterion is verified by physical model test and numerical simulation adopting assembly language VC++6.0. Compared with the results of physical model tests and numerical simulation, it is shown that the stress distributions and failure regions are elliptic in shape and that the maximum failure regions are vertical to the stratification planes. That the results obtained in the physical model test are compatible with those numerically obtained verifies the correctness of variable bond strength failure criterion.

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36

Koohestani, Kamran, Yury Stepanyants, and Mohammad Nabi Allahdadi. "Analysis of Internal Solitary Waves in the Gulf of Oman and Sources Responsible for Their Generation." Water 15, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040746.

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A combination of multiple data sources has been used to study the characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the Gulf of Oman (GoO). Water column stratification in the Gulf has been examined using field observations and World Ocean Atlas 2018 datasets. The spatiotemporal distribution of ISWs has been obtained from satellite images obtained by means of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical sensors taken from 2018 to 2020. The mechanisms of ISW generation in the GoO have been studied using the data revealed from different available sources. The results show that there are annually two major typical stratifications in the GoO throughout the year, strong stratification in May through September and weak stratification during other months. Dispersion relations corresponding to these types of stratification have been obtained with acceptable accuracy for both deep and shallow regions. The spatiotemporal distribution of ISWs demonstrates that the western and southern regions of the GoO are the hotspots for generation of ISWs in this basin. Several mechanisms of ISW generation in the GoO are discussed including tide, eddies, lee waves, and atmospheric perturbation; the latter one is, apparently, responsible for the appearance of large-amplitude ISWs.

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37

MERRYFIELD, WILLIAM J. "Effects of stratification on quasi-geostrophic inviscid equilibria." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 354 (January 10, 1998): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097007684.

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Inviscid equilibrium mean flows over topography are considered for continuously stratified quasi-geostrophic models, in contrast to previous work which has dealt with two-layer models. From the constraint of maximum entropy, an equation for the equilibrium mean flow is derived. Analytical solutions are obtained for uniform and piecewise-constant stratifications. With increasing stratification, the mean streamfunction becomes increasingly bottom intensified. Bottom trapping becomes ever more pronounced on smaller scales, but can remain significant even on the largest scales. When boundary temperature is uniform, transport is shown to be independent of stratification, other factors being equal. Although two-layer models share this property, they represent poorly the energetics of the continuous system when bottom trapping is significant.

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Romualdi, Kristoforus Bagas, and Miftahuddin Miftahuddin. "Telaah Perubahan Stratifikasi Sosial Masyarakat Banten Sebelum Pemberontakan tahun 1888." Jurnal Pattingalloang 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp3k.v10i2.45315.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah perubahan stratifikasi sosial pada masyarakat Banten sebelum terjadinya pemberontakan petani tahun 1888 di wilayah tersebut. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode sejarah. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan dalam metode sejarah ini adalah sumber dokumen berupa buku dan artikel penelitian yang relevan. Hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa stratifikasi sosial di Banten sebelum pemberontakan tahun 1888 terbagi menjadi stratifikasi tradisional dan berubah ke kolonial. Perbedaan dari dua stratifikasi tersebut, yakni terletak pada posisi, fungsi, pengaruh, hak, dan kewajiban kelompok yang menempati lapisan atas, menengah, dan bawah. Stratifikasi masa kolonial yang cenderung menindas menjadi penyebab munculnya pergolakan hingga pemberotakan petani Banten tahun 1888.Kata Kunci : Sejarah, Stratifikasi Sosial, BantenAbtractThis study aims to examine changes in social stratification in Banten society before the 1888 peasant revolt in the area.. The research approach used was qualitative with historical methods. The sources used in this historical method are document sources in the form of books and relevant research articles. The results of the study show that social stratification in Banten before the revolt in 1888 was divided into traditional stratification and changed to colonial. The difference between the two stratifications lies in the position, function, influence, rights, and obligations of groups occupying the upper, middle and lower layers. The stratification of the colonial period which tended to be oppressive became the cause of the emergence of upheavals until the revolt of Banten Peasant’s in 1888.Keywords : History, Social Stratification, Banten

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39

Ghamdi, Zeinab Al. "Layering Technique of Resin Composite Method for Direct Anterior Teeth Restorations: A New Appraisal." Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research 8, no. 07 (July 12, 2023): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2023.v08i07.003.

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Introduction: Composite resins can be effectively recycled to progress the patient's esthetics concluded minimally invasive, low cost and high clinical presentation managements. The layering techniques of composite resins in different thicknesses, with varying grades of opacity and translucency, permit to create esthetic restorations with dental structures physical appearance. Aim: The intention of the training was to appraise the characteristics, values and approaches of stratification of resins composite materials and to demonstrate these approaches with clinical cases. Materials and method: An electronic search of scientific articles referring to the stratification of composite materials was done using a single medical database. The attention on the choice of keywords as well as the presence and elimination criteria were the directorial elements of the research. All articles were included after the title, the abstract and finally, the full text was checked. Only relevant research has been reviewed. Based on the results, several methods of stratifications have been used in clinical practice. Results and discussion: The concept of natural stratification, anatomical stratification, the stratification of the anterior teeth using a dentine hue and a predefined thickness of enamel, or a single layer of material and the correct placement of pigments and opacities, lead to the achievement of esthetic and predictable direct restorations of nanocomposite resins. Conclusions: Within the limit of this study, it is concluded that, to achieve aesthetic excellence, dentists should understand and apply artistic and scientific principles when layering materials, respecting the optical properties of natural dental structures.

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40

Roberts, Robert, Chih Chao Chang, and Trevor Hadley. "Genetic Risk Stratification." JACC: Basic to Translational Science 6, no. 3 (March 2021): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.09.004.

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Garner, Roberta, Rudolf Andorka, Tamas Kolosi, Tamas Kolosi, and Edmund Wnuk-Lipinski. "Stratification and Inequality." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 6 (November 1986): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071141.

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Gunning, Patricia, Jane M. Horgan, and Gary Keogh. "EFFICIENT PARETO STRATIFICATION." Mathematical Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 106A, no. 2 (2006): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpr.2006.0018.

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Manuel Keenoy, Esteban, David Monterde, Eduardo Millan, Mark Kinston, Alison Porter, Charles Tallack, and Ane Fullaondo. "Population Risk Stratification." International Journal of Integrated Care 19, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.s3470.

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Kalimullin, Tagir. "Contemporary Stratification Analysis." Journal of Economic Sociology 5, no. 5 (2004): 102–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2004-5-102-133.

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Radaev, Vadim. "Contemporary Stratification Analysis." Journal of Economic Sociology 7, no. 3 (2006): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2006-3-95-108.

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Lisova, Evgenia. "Downshifting: Stratification Effects." Journal of Economic Sociology 9, no. 2 (2008): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2008-2-56-65.

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Depretto, Jean-Paul. "Stratification without Class." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8, no. 2 (2007): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2007.0016.

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Roberts, Robert. "Genetic Risk Stratification." Circulation 137, no. 24 (June 12, 2018): 2554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.118.034732.

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Casper, David S., and Jeffrey A. Rihn. "Preoperative Risk Stratification." Spine 45, no. 12 (February 20, 2020): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000003437.

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Unnithan, V. K. G., and N. Unnikrishnan Nair. "Minimum variance stratification." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 24, no. 1 (January 1995): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919508813241.

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