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Szczuka, Edyta, Tomasz Piotrowski, and Tadeusz Stefaniak. "Assessment of approaches to pre-start stress coping in judo competitors." Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5161.
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Background. Both everyday training regime and participation in competitions itself are for athletes sources of multiple emotionally-difficult circumstances. A competitor who would like to succeed should know how to cope with such problems. For some competitors, stress itself can be a motivating stimulus, although, in practice, it depends on multiple factors. The aim of the study was presentation and description of the approaches used by Wroclaw judo competitors in order to minimize pre-start stress accumulation. Material and methods. 54 judo trainees from Wroclaw clubs participated in the experiment. Diagnostic opinion poll was used, based on questionnaires and surveys. The anonymous survey included questions concerning the presence of pre-start stress, approaches to stress minimization, the type of stress and the circumstances under which stress reaches its maximal levels. Results. In order to minimize the level of pre-start stress, the participants talk mainly with their friends, listen to music, watch TV, play computer games or exercise. Only a small part of competitors use relaxation techniques prior to competitions. Conclusions. It is necessary to introduce more diverse specialist strategies and stress coping techniques to judo training. Permanent coach education in this domain is essential since, based on the study results, their role in regulation of the competitor’s emotional states is essential.
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Rudie Harrigan, Kathryn. "Guerrilla strategies for underdog competitors." Planning Review 14, no. 6 (June 1986): 4–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054164.
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Lackman, Conway L. "Marketing Strategies vs. Government Competitors." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 2, no. 1 (July 15, 1994): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j054v02n01_05.
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Harrigan, K. R. "Guerrilla strategies for underdog competitors." Long Range Planning 20, no. 4 (August 1987): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(87)90182-8.
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Albayrak, Tahir. "The inclusion of competitor information in the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 1924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2018-0239.
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PurposeThe three-factor theory of customer satisfaction suggests that product attributes may have an asymmetric effect on customer satisfaction. Although this relationship has been demonstrated in many different settings, the main drawback of previous research is the lack of information about competitors. This study aims to propose asymmetric impact competitor analysis (AICA) for addressing this shortcoming.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is conducted by using both impact asymmetry index and relative performance value of each product attribute. While the former is derived by penalty-reward contrast analysis, the latter is obtained by the comparison of the focal company’s performance with competitor’s performance.FindingsThe paper shows the application of AICA by using data belonging to two competing hotels. Results offered different strategies for each hotel attribute.Originality/valueAICA considers both asymmetric effects of attributes on customer satisfaction and competitor information related to same attributes. The proposed method also suggests the strategies for each attribute depending on the quadrant it is located.
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Enns, E. G., and E. Z. Ferenstein. "A competitive best-choice problem with Poisson arrivals." Journal of Applied Probability 27, no. 2 (June 1990): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214652.
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Two competitors observe a Poisson stream of offers. The offers are independent and identically distributed random variables from some continuous distribution. Each of the competitors wishes to accept one offer in the interval [0, T] and each aims to select an offer larger than that of his competitor. Offers are observed sequentially and decisions to accept or reject must be made when the offers arrive. Optimal strategies and winning probabilities are obtained for the competitors under a priorized decision scheme. The time of first offer acceptance is also analyzed. In all cases the asymptotic results are obtained.
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Enns, E. G., and E. Z. Ferenstein. "A competitive best-choice problem with Poisson arrivals." Journal of Applied Probability 27, no. 02 (June 1990): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020003878x.
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Two competitors observe a Poisson stream of offers. The offers are independent and identically distributed random variables from some continuous distribution. Each of the competitors wishes to accept one offer in the interval [0,T] and each aims to select an offer larger than that of his competitor. Offers are observed sequentially and decisions to accept or reject must be made when the offers arrive. Optimal strategies and winning probabilities are obtained for the competitors under a priorized decision scheme. The time of first offer acceptance is also analyzed. In all cases the asymptotic results are obtained.
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Clark, Heather R., Margo E. Barker, and Bernard M. Corfe. "Nutritional Strategies of Mountain Marathon Competitors—An Observational Study." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 15, no. 2 (April 2005): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.160.
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Mountain marathons are 2-d, self-supported adventure races, during which competitors must carry all nutritional requirements to sustain athletic effort. This requires a compromise between the energy required to perform and the weight penalty of carrying it. We have undertaken a nutritional survey of event competitors in the UK using a questionnaire-based approach and have monitored dehydration during the event. We found that competitors in longer-distance classes (> 50 km) carry significantly less mass of food, which is more energy dense, but that the calorific value is lower than that of competitors in shorter classes. Carbohydrate and protein consumption both positively associated with performance. Competitors became progressively dehydrated throughout the event. Counterintuitively, the better-performing subjects became the most dehydrated. Competitors at all distances should make more effort to rehydrate during breaks in the event. Competitors at shorter distances could choose more energy-dense foods to reduce weight penalty.
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Simkin, Lyndon. "Understanding competitors’ strategies: the practitioner‐academic gap." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 15, no. 3 (June 1997): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634509710165920.
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Woodside, Arch G., and Elizabeth J. Wilson. "Diagnosing customer comparisons of competitors' marketing mix strategies." Journal of Business Research 31, no. 2-3 (October 1994): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(94)90077-9.
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Kryveshko, O. V. "The Theoretical Principles of Analyzing the Competition in Consumer Markets." Business Inform 6, no. 521 (2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-6-251-258.
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The article considers the types of competition in consumer markets. Most authors when analyzing competition carefully analyze competitor brands. Instead, the author of this article proposes to determine the weight of the influence of related goods, substitutes and indirect competitors. All competitors on the basis of researches of domestic scholars are divided into the following groups: desire-competitors; commodity-kind competitors; commodity-type competitors (substitute goods); competitor brands. Each of these groups is analyzed and it is determined for which types of consumer markets it has a significant impact. In particular, desire-competitors are struggling for the consumers’ costs in the markets of durable goods and luxury goods, but they are not peculiar to social goods and necessities. In addition, it is determined that significant for the product markets is the division of competitors by: market share; presence in a retail network; territorial feature; price level. Market share generally defines the possibilities of influencing consumers and the ability to dictate market conditions. The level of presence of goods in the trading network determines the ease of finding it by the buyer. Increasing the presence in a particular region relatively quickly increases the market share of the corresponding goods in the region. Consumer goods of mass demand are characterized by the presence of not only international and national, but also local competitors. Such competition requires more efforts on the part of both the national and the international producers for studying the market and developing a strategy. In terms of price level, it is necessary to focus, first of all, on those competitors who compete in the same price category. The study of the soft drinks market in the City of Lviv allowed to distinguish in more detail the specific characteristics of competition. The main competitors are allocated. It is noted that over the past 15 years, the number and composition of both the local and the national competitors has changed significantly. On the basis of this, a map of the weight of competitors is developed, which enables the enterprise in the development of competitiveness strategies to concentrate on studying those market participants who are able to distract the attention of consumers to themselves.
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Erickson, Gary M. "Advertising Strategies in a Dynamic Oligopoly." Journal of Marketing Research 32, no. 2 (May 1995): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379503200210.
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The author uses a dynamic model of oligopolistic advertising competition, in which competitors are assumed to make a series of single-period advertising decisions with salvage values attached to achieved sales in each period, as the foundation for empirical analysis of the competitive situation involving the three largest ready-to-eat cereal manufacturers, Kellogg, General Mills, and the Post Division of Philip Morris’ General Foods. The primary insight of the author's empirical analysis is that General Mills places a higher future value on achieved sales than do the other competitors in the market.
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S, Sharma. "Competitive strategies in business." Journal of Management and Science 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2020.2.1.
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In a competitive strategy, the business has great value in recognizing the skills and businesses that need to attract customers and their comprehensive options to improve their position in the market. This concept distinguishes the "perspectives and actions" of managers from a strategic point of view. It means that the competitive strategy revolves around the pioneers' methods to improve the company's position in the market by satisfying customers. It Improves market conditions simultaneously leads to action against competitors. The competence of a competitive strategy (rather than a strong strategy) has a competitive impact. The competitive strategy involves techniques that follow different ways of managing the progress of the competition. The purpose of a competitive strategy is to win the hearts of competitors (or rival networks) by meeting customers' needs to achieve a competitive strategy. So, this article focuses on all aspects of competitive strategy in companies.
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Insead, Laurence Capron, and Olivier Chatain. "Competitors' Resource-Oriented Strategies: Acting on Competitors' Resources Through Interventions in Factor Markets and Political Markets." Academy of Management Review 33, no. 1 (January 2008): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.27745499.
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Chappell, Andrew, and Trevor Simper. "Nutritional Peak Week and Competition Day Strategies of Competitive Natural Bodybuilders." Sports 6, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040126.
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Bodybuilders utilize peaking strategies in a bid to fine-tune their aesthetics for competition day. The most prevalent peaking strategies utilized by natural bodybuilders are unreported in the current literature. Eighty-one (M-59, F-22) natural bodybuilders were recruited from competitions during the 2016 and 2017 British Natural Bodybuilder Federation seasons. Competitors completed a 34-item questionnaire designed to investigate peaking and contest day strategies. The questionnaire listed commonly utilized peaking strategies and provided additional space for qualitative information. Analysis of the data indicated that carbohydrate (CHO), water, and sodium manipulation were the most commonly utilized peaking strategies. The consumption of high glycemic index CHO was the most common competition day strategy. Only 6.2% of competitors reported following their regular diet the week prior to competition. The CHO manipulation strategies followed were similar to classical CHO loading, whereby bodybuilders attempt to maximize muscle glycogen concentrations. Furthermore, bodybuilders attempted to remove superfluous water by exploiting the diuretic/polyuria effect associated with water loading/restriction. The potentially deleterious effects of peaking on bodybuilders’ health is considered and the efficacy of these strategies to enhance appearance is discussed. The findings of the present investigation are likely to be of interest to bodybuilders and their coaches.
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Smith, Matthew J., Phil D. J. Birch, and Dave Bright. "Identifying Stressors and Coping Strategies of Elite Esports Competitors." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2019040102.
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Researchers have examined some of the psychological aspects of competing at a high level in esports. The present study aims to build on this literature by examining the various stressors faced and the associated coping strategies employed by seven esports competitors. The interviews were inductively analysed, and the findings illustrated a range of internal (e.g., communication issues, lack of shared team goals) and external (e.g., event audience, media interviews) stressors that the participants faced. Following this, the coping strategies used to deal with these stressors were deductively analysed. A number of emotion- (e.g., breathing, relaxation), problem- (e.g., intra-team communication after matches), and approach- (e.g., team camps, delegating roles) coping strategies were described by participants. Avoidance coping strategies were predominantly highlighted as being used during games. Results are considered in line with how applied practitioners might support players to develop strategies to deal with stressors, which might in turn lead to performance enhancements.
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Joseph, Lawrence. "Similarities between Competitors and the Implications for Location Strategies." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010100104.
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Although Burger King and McDonald’s are widely recognized as direct competitors, there may be enough differences in customer profiles between the two chains to recommend or justify divergent location strategies. In this regard, the authors use ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression to test whether site and trade-area criteria can explain individual store sales and if such criteria are consistent for both chains. This research shows that there are situations where locational factors may have directionally different effects on store sales of the two chains. While Burger King generally experienced higher sales in denser urban areas with higher proportions of minorities, McDonald’s experienced higher sales in suburban areas adjacent to freeways.
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Whan Park, C., and Daniel C. Smith. "Product Class Competitors as Sources of Innovative Marketing Strategies." Journal of Consumer Marketing 7, no. 2 (February 1990): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000002574.
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Tichá, I. "Viable strategies in volatile times." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 5 (June 1, 2009): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2009-agricecon.
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The article aims at the description and assessment of strategic options for companies which have necessary resources to take the advantage of the current economic downturn. The theoretical framework is based on two predominant approaches to competitive advantage and the practical implications for actions to be adopted are derived from the recommendations published recently by the leading consulting firms. While quick fixes ensuring a short-term survival (mostly financially based cost-saving measures) are an essential first step, a longer-term success lies in the effective adoption of the scenario-planning techniques, active competitors intelligence and a proactive attitude to restructuring through a combination of mergers, acquisitions and divestment decisions.
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Warnock, Will G., and Joseph B. Rasmussen. "Assessing the effects of fish density, habitat complexity, and current velocity on interference competition between bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in an artificial stream." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0044.
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In this experiment, competition was observed among native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley, 1859)) and non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)) in artificial streams. In intraspecific competitions, brook trout engaged in territorial interference foraging strategies, and their foraging success was correlated with occupancy of the lead position in the stream. No correlation was apparent for bull trout, most of which engaged in nonterritorial scramble foraging tactics. In interspecific competitions, four stream environments were constructed in which fish density, habitat complexity, and current velocity were altered. Bull trout outcompeted brook trout for food in simple pool habitat devoid of cover when competition was head-to-head (density = 3 fish·m−2) between the species. When competitor number was doubled in this habitat, the two became equal competitors. At this higher density, bull trout again outcompeted brook trout for food when the habitat was changed to a complex riffle with substrate cover. Brook trout were more aggressive towards bull trout than vice versa, and interspecific aggression was decreased by low density, cover, and high stream velocity. Territorial brook trout aggressively interfere with their competitor for access to resources, but the success and intensity of this tactic against bull trout may be mitigated by environmental factors.
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Davis, Paul A., Louise Davis, Samuel Wills, Ralph Appleby, and Arne Nieuwenhuys. "Exploring “Sledging” and Interpersonal Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Professional Cricket." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0078.
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The present study examines cricketers’ perceptions of emotional interactions between competitors. Semistructured interviews with 12 male professional cricketers explored experiences (i.e., emotions, cognitions, behaviors) relating to incidents during competition where they or an opponent attempted to evoke an emotional reaction (e.g., sledging). Cricketers described their use of sledging as aggressive actions and verbal interactions with the aim of disrupting concentration and altering the emotional states of opponents. They described experiencing a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety, anger) in response to opponents’ attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation; linguistic analyses indicated that both positive than negative emotions were experienced. A range of strategies in response to competitors’ deliberate attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation were outlined. The present study extends previous research investigating interpersonal emotion regulation within teams by indicating that professional cricketers are aware of the impact of cognitions and emotions on performance and attempt to negatively influence these factors in competitors.
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Stulp, Gert, Nathan J. Emery, Simon Verhulst, and Nicola S. Clayton. "Western scrub-jays conceal auditory information when competitors can hear but cannot see." Biology Letters 5, no. 5 (July 15, 2009): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0330.
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Western scrub-jays ( Aphelocoma californica ) engage in a variety of cache-protection strategies to reduce the chances of cache theft by conspecifics. Many of these strategies revolve around reducing visual information to potential thieves. This study aimed to determine whether the jays also reduce auditory information during caching. Each jay was given the opportunity to cache food in two trays, one of which was filled with small pebbles that made considerable noise when cached in (‘noisy’ tray), whereas the other one contained soil that made little detectable noise when cached in (‘quiet’ tray). When the jays could be heard, but not seen, by a competitor, they cached proportionally less food items in the ‘noisy’ substrate than when they cached alone in the room, or when they could be seen and heard by competitors. These results suggest that western scrub-jays know when to conceal auditory information, namely when a competitor cannot see but can hear the caching event.
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Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro, Néstor Vicente-Salar, Carlos Montero-Carretero, Eduardo Cervelló-Gimeno, and Enrique Roche. "Weight Loss Strategies in Male Competitors of Combat Sport Disciplines." Medicina 57, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090897.
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Background and objective: The use of suboptimal weight loss strategies in order to reach specific weight ranges as observed in combat sport disciplines can give rise to severe health problems. However, particular aspects regarding management of weight category comparing three sport disciplines remain to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to obtain information regarding the weight loss strategies that competitors performed before a tournament. Materials and Methods: This article describes the most common dietary-nutritional strategies used by 140 national university male competitors of judo (n = 52), karate (n = 40) and taekwondo (n = 48) in order to achieve a specific weight, according to the rapid weight loss questionnaire (RWLQ) and the EAT-27 questionnaire. Results: Around 50% of participants were not involved in a weight loss process. Among the remaining participants, we considered three periods for weight reduction: less than 1 week (35% in judo, 8% in karate and 19% in taekwondo), less than 1 month (17% in judo, 15% in karate and 26% in taekwondo) and more than 1 month (0% in judo, 5% in karate and 21% in taekwondo). Severe fasting, focused on food/water restriction, was the most commonly used strategy, being more frequent in judo players. Light weight judo practitioners generally lost 2–5 kg before the contest. One third of participants avoided carbohydrate consumption when performing food restriction. Finally, individuals that reduced weight in the last week seemed to develop an unhealthy psychological relationship with food. Conclusion: All these aspects could be particularly relevant, providing information regarding how competitors manage basic nutritional concepts that guide dieting strategies. This information is relevant to prepare future educational interventions in the area of nutrition for competitors, coaches and technical staff.
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Han, Xia, and Gaoyang Cai. "Dynamic Coopetition Strategies: Why and How to Cooperate with Competitors?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 16555. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.16555abstract.
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Bell, Steven J. "New Information Marketplace Competitors: Issues and Strategies for Academic Libraries." portal: Libraries and the Academy 2, no. 2 (2002): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pla.2002.0026.
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Litwic-Kaminska, Kamila. "Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 6522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186522.
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The main aim of the research was to distinguish different types of sport competition appraisals and verify if athletes’ interpretation of a stressful situation changed their choice of coping methods. Athletes change their perception during competitions; thus, we assumed that configuration of different ways of interpreting stressful events is more important for coping than one particular appraisal. In total, 193 athletes filled out The Stress Appraisal Questionnaire and The Sport Stress-Coping Strategies Questionnaire to describe their stress appraisals and undertaken coping strategies during a remembered competition that took place within a month before the study. The athletes most often appraised stressful competitions as a challenge. They preferred the coping strategy of being determined to accomplish the established goal. The athletes hardly applied techniques that constituted the basis of mental training. The cluster analysis of the competitors determined three types of sport competition appraisals: positive, negative, and active. An ANOVA with post hoc comparisons showed that participants who revealed positive appraisals undertook the highest number of actions aimed at reaching goals and least frequently sought support. Athletes should be taught not only specific strategies for coping with stress, but also more frequent use of positive judgments of sports competitions.
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Lin, Yi Chuan, Bin Yu, and Sang Bing Tsai. "High-Tech Manufacturing Enterprises’ Competitive Strategies – The Case of Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3050.
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In such competitive industry environment, if the companies will obtain continuous profits, they must surpass their competitors and enhance their enterprise competitiveness in order to win further customer orders. As to understand the market competitive conditions, Simultaneous Importance-Performance Analysis (SIPA) is able to provide simultaneous analysis of three fundamental concepts – the importance of the competitive character, the performance and the performance of the competitors. This study is based on the electronic materials manufacturing companies in Taiwan. Fourteen items from Order-winners and Qualifiers Criteria as the character assessment are taken for the case analysis of the company and its competitors’ competitive conditions and strategies.
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Arif, Muhammad Fuad, and Lukmandono Lukmandono. "Formulating Strategies for Increasing Business’ Competitiveness Using Performance Prism, SWOT, and SOAR." Tibuana 3, no. 01 (January 31, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.3.01.2196.15-23.
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RSI X is a health care institution, which now facing a growing number of competitors in its vicinity ranging from general hospital, private health clinic, and local community health centers. Not to mention many smaller health clinics owned privately by doctors. This growing number of competitors, urge RSI X to assess its current performance and to determine its strategies to be able to compete and grow its market segment.
The purpose of this research is to assess RSI X current performance and to formulate appropriate business strategies in order to face the aforementioned competitors. The results of this research are performance measurement result using performance prism method and formulation of strategies using SWOT and SOAR methods. From 45 targets and 45 key performance indicators (KPI), 14 of them are good, 21 of them are moderate, and 10 of them are poor. Furthermore, from SWOT and SOAR analysis, 14 strategies are formulated.
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Bonji, Ohara. "Japan’s Asian Competitors in Visegrád Countries." Foreign Policy Review 14, no. 1 (2021): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47706/kkifpr.2021.1.98-110.
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In this paper, I would like to review the economic activities of China and Korea based on their respective strategies and discuss the future economic activities of Japan, China and Korea in Visegrád countries.. China is expected to increase its investment to strengthen its economic ties with Visegrád countries. In view of the Japanese government’s cooperative posture with the U.S., some Japanese private companies have begun to restructure their supply chains, and Visegrád countries are likely to be attractive to them as important nodes in new supply chains. This is a time when Japan’s economic activities in Visegrád countries may expand. This will lead to a situation where Japan, China, and the ROK are all planning to develop their economic activities in the Visegrád countries.
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Khan, Mohammad Husain. "Game Theory: Business and Growth Strategies." World Journal of Business and Management 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v6i1.16884.
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In the present note, we have discussed the growth strategies to enhance the overall business of a company using game theory. An optimal game theory solution happens when one of the companies participating in the game reaches the maximal outcome. Business and growth strategy is an emulsion of not only the innovation of the company but also the ability to access the moves of the competitors.
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Doyle, Peter, Veronica Wong, and Vivienne Shaw. "Marketing Strategies of International Competitors in the UK Machine Tool Market." Journal of Global Marketing 8, no. 2 (March 30, 1995): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j042v08n02_05.
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Kozachenko, Anna, and Liliya Shulzhenko. "THE BASIS OF MAKING THE STRATEGIC ALLIANCE BETWEEN COMPETITORS." MEST Journal 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/mest.02.02.01.08.
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Espiniella Menéndez, Ángel. "Competencia judicial internacional respecto de actos desleales con los competidores = International Jurisdiction in respect of unfair acts with competitors." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4378.
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Resumen: Tras presentar la problemática de la competencia judicial internacional respecto de actos desleales contra competidores en el epígrafe I, en el apartado II se analizan las estrategias procesales a seguir, que básicamente pueden ser de tres tipos: la pactada entre las partes litigantes; la general, válida para cualquier materia patrimonial; y la específica para actos de competencia desleal. En el epígrafe III, se proyectan estas estrategias en la distinta morfología de las conductas desleales, según las esferas de interés de los competidores perjudicados: sus activos intangibles, sus relaciones en el mercado y sus grupos de interés (clientes, proveedores, trabajadores…). En el apartado IV, y precisamente por esta morfología tan específica, se analizan las zonas limítrofes con otras normas de competencia, principalmente, en materia de contratos, en materia de propiedad industrial y en materia concursal. La valoración final es que, debido al silencio de las normas de competencia en materia de competencia desleal, se depende en exceso de la construcción jurisprudencial del TJUE, la cual tiene luces y sombras.Palabras clave: competencia judicial internacional, competencia desleal, competidores, materia extracontractual, lugar del hecho dañoso, activos del competidor, relaciones con los competidores, grupos de interés del competidor.Abstract: After presenting the issues of international jurisdiction regarding unfair acts against competitors in section I, in section II the litigation strategies are analyzed, which basically can be of three types: one based on the agreement of the parties; second one based on general rules for any economic matter; and the third one based on specific rules. In section III, these strategies are projected in the different morphology of unfair acts, according to the areas of interest of the injured competitors: their intangible assets, their relationships in the market and their stakeholders (customers, suppliers, workers...). In section IV, and precisely because of this very specific morphology, the bounderies with other jurisdiction rules are analyzed, mainly in matter of contracts, intellectual property and insolvency. The final assessment is that, due to the silence of the jurisdiction rules in respect of unfair competition, we excessively depend on the case law construction of the CJEU, which has lights and shadows.Keywords: international jurisdiction, unfair competition, competitors, non contractual matters, place of harmful event, assets of the competitor, relations with competitors, stakeholders of the competitors.
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Pitri, Tri Veny, and Muji Gunarto. "Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Pada PT. Central International Education." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Bisnis 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jismab.v1i1.12.
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The aim of this study was to decide the marketing strategy of PT. Central International Education by using SWOT analysis ,so it could be conclude that there were some internal factors that had stength such as cleanliness, a large parking area, good and reliable services, and products with good quality. meanwhile, there were some weaknesses such complains handling which was still not maximum, less promotion strategies and employees coming late to the office. some external factors were marketing opportunities, target market, product quality and good relationship with customers. there were also some threats such as business competitor s, government rule and new competitors. some strategies that can be used in future are giving good and quick responses to customers, improving promotion strategies, improving company services to ensure the cumtomers, maximizing promotion and advertisments to attract the customers and extending the market regions.
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Lodge, G. M. "Effects of sowing method and competitor species and presence on Phalaris and Austrodanthonia establishment and persistence." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99157.
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Two experiments were conducted on plots sown in autumn 1992, at Tamworth in northern New South Wales. The first compared the establishment of 3 perennial grasses when sown as monocultures or with competitors in either broadcast-sown swards or alternate row-sown plots. Sowing rate and species of competitor were also examined as factors affecting perennial grass establishment. Perennial grasses were Austrodanthonia richardsonii (synonym Danthonia richardsonii) cv. Taranna, A. bipartita (synonym D. linkii) cv. Bunderra, and Phalaris aquatica cv. Sirosa. Competitors were Trifolium subterraneum var. brachycalycinum cv. Clare, T. repens cv. Haifa, and Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera. In spring 1992, competitors were removed from 144 of the 288 plots to prevent them from seeding. A second experiment compared the longer-term (1993–96) dry matter yield and persistence of these perennial grasses under continuous grazing in plots were the competitor was present in year 1 (1992) or in all years (1992–96). In spring 1992, mean dry matter yield of perennial grass was higher (P<0.001) in row-sown plots then those sown by broadcasting. Mean dry matter yield of perennial grass was lowest at low sowing rate, but not significantly different at medium and high sowing rates (about 350 kg DM/ha). Compared with the monocultures, the presence of a competitor reduced mean perennial grass dry matter yields by 48, 69 and 85%, respectively for white clover, subterranean clover and annual ryegrass. Perennial grass plant numbers were highest (P<0.001) in the medium and high sowing rates of the monocultures and in white clover competitor plots and lowest (P<0.001) in all broadcast-sown plots, where annual ryegrass was the competitor. By spring 1996, white clover and annual ryegrass had declined to a low level in the pasture in all plots and the only major competitor was subterranean clover (1200 kg DM/ha, 40% plant frequency). Mean dry matter yields were highest (P<0.001) for Sirosa in 1993, but with dry conditions in 1994 and continuous grazing they were highest for Bunderra in all other years. The implications of these data for devising sowing strategies to maximise the establishment of perennial grasses and their long-term persistence in this environment are discussed.
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Kuchieva, Irina Kh, Zarina Yu Kaloeva, and Sofiya S. Triandofilova. "Marketing Strategy of the Uber Company in the Global Taxi Service Aggregator Market." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-170-176.
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The article focuses on the consideration of the marketing strategy of the Uber company. A strategy is essential when a company enters new markets. It is a difficult task for any business and requires managers to understand the specifics of the formation, management of marketing strategies in both local and global markets. The above factors determine the relevance of the research topic. In connection with the processes of globalization and significant modifications in the technological support of business, activities in modern markets are changing significantly. The purpose of this article is to analyse the implementation of the marketing strategy of Uber in the global market to indicate the characteristics and directions of development. In research, the following methods applied: a comparative, analysis and methodology for developing marketing strategies. The American service Uber is striving to gain leadership positions in the development of the Russian market. This drive drives offensive strategies that combine direct competition for low prices and strategies that increase resources and customers by engaging an audience that competitors have missed. As the analysis of the company’s activities showed, Uber implements a specific marketing strategy as an offensive strategy. As part of the confrontation with the main competitors, Uber actively invests in the promotion and advertising of the service, pays attention to pricing policy to provide opportunities for participation in price competition. The American service Uber is striving to gain leadership positions in the development of the Russian market. This commitment drives offensive strategies that combine direct competition for low prices and plans that increase resources and customer base by engaging an audience that competitors have missed. As a result of the analysis of the market of services-aggregators of taxi services, we can conclude that competition is intensifying both from the main competitors, Gett and Yandex.Taxi, and from indirect competitors. Hence, launching a third-party service will be a reactive strategy for Uber, as chief competitors have already diversified their service portfolio. Thus, the marketing strategy in modern conditions of development is an efficient mean for promoting a company in the international market.
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Guo, Yanhong. "Dynamic Pricing Strategies Between Online and Off-Line Retailers Based on Switching Costs." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 11, no. 2 (April 2013): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2013040106.
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With the development of e-commerce, online purchasing has made competitions among retailers fiercer than ever. Access on the internet influences traditional purchasing access inevitably. In this paper, the author uses Hotelling model to simulate the dynamic pricing process between online retailers and off-line retailers by the two steps game model. It gives a straightforward demonstration of the dynamic game process and results between the two retailers--online and off-line. Via the solutions of the model, it is revealed that the preference between online purchase and off-line purchase, as well as switching costs, have a direct impact on pricing strategy of retailers. This paper makes a clear and close analysis of the impact, holding that with the existence of long-term profit, competitors will choose to lower the price to win over consumers.
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Balseiro, Santiago R., and Yonatan Gur. "Learning in Repeated Auctions with Budgets: Regret Minimization and Equilibrium." Management Science 65, no. 9 (September 2019): 3952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3174.
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In online advertising markets, advertisers often purchase ad placements through bidding in repeated auctions based on realized viewer information. We study how budget-constrained advertisers may compete in such sequential auctions in the presence of uncertainty about future bidding opportunities and competition. We formulate this problem as a sequential game of incomplete information, in which bidders know neither their own valuation distribution nor the budgets and valuation distributions of their competitors. We introduce a family of practical bidding strategies we refer to as adaptive pacing strategies, in which advertisers adjust their bids according to the sample path of expenditures they exhibit, and analyze the performance of these strategies in different competitive settings. We establish the asymptotic optimality of these strategies when competitors’ bids are independent and identically distributed over auctions, but also when competing bids are arbitrary. When all the bidders adopt these strategies, we establish the convergence of the induced dynamics and characterize a regime (well motivated in the context of online advertising markets) under which these strategies constitute an approximate Nash equilibrium in dynamic strategies: the benefit from unilaterally deviating to other strategies, including ones with access to complete information, becomes negligible as the number of auctions and competitors grows large. This establishes a connection between regret minimization and market stability, by which advertisers can essentially follow approximate equilibrium bidding strategies that also ensure the best performance that can be guaranteed off equilibrium. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
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Dharmasena, Senarath, and Oral Capps. "Unraveling Demand for Dairy-Alternative Beverages in the United States: The Case of Soymilk." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 43, no. 1 (April 2014): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000695x.
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Soymilk is one of the fastest growing categories in the U.S dairy alternative functional beverage market. Using household-level purchase data from Nielsen's 2008 Homescan panel and the Tobit econometric procedure, we estimate conditional and unconditional own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for soymilk, white milk, and flavored milk. Income, age, employment status, education level, race, ethnicity, region, and presence of children in a household are significant drivers of demand for soymilk. White milk and flavored milk are competitors for soymilk, and soymilk is a competitor for white milk. Strategies for pricing and targeted marketing of soymilk are also discussed.
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Milanesi, Gastón. "Games Theory and Real Options: A model to asses strategies, agreements and penalties." Finance, Markets and Valuation 7, no. 2 (2021): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46503/rrgp4512.
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In competitive environments, the design and election of strategies demand to consider three potential sources of uncertainty: risks derived from self-actions, risks emerged from states of nature and risks derived from competitors´ decisions. For that, a numerical model that considers the competitors´ actions is required, for value strategies, join venture design and penalty quantification. The paper proposes a simple numerical model of Game Theory and Real Options with multiples source of risk. The first part exposes the mathematical basis of the model. Its functioning is illustrated with the cases valuation related to strategies without collaborative agreement. Next, the cooperation strategy and default monetary penalties are valued. Finally, the main conclusions are exposed.
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Li, Chenchen, Xiang Yan, Xiaotie Deng, Yuan Qi, Wei Chu, Le Song, Junlong Qiao, Jianshan He, and Junwu Xiong. "Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Internet Price War." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301639.
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Current Internet market makers are facing an intense competitive environment, where personalized price reductions or discounted coupons are provided by their peers to attract more customers. Much investment is spent to catch up with each other’s competitors but participants in such a price cut war are often incapable of winning due to their lack of information about others’ strategies or customers’ preference. We formalize the problem as a stochastic game with imperfect and incomplete information and develop a variant of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to infer latent variables under the current market environment, which represents preferences of customers and strategies of competitors. Tests on simulated experiments and an open dataset for real data show that, by subsuming all available market information of the market maker’s competitors, our model exhibits a significant improvement for understanding the market environment and finding the best response strategies in the Internet price war. Our work marks the first successful learning method to infer latent information in the environment of price war by the LDA modeling, and sets an example for related competitive applications to follow.
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Fitri, Agus Zaenul. "Blue Ocean Strategy for Improving Quality and Competitiveness of Islamic Educational Environment." Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ) 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v3i2.75.
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Competition often makes someone do everything to achieve goals. That happens because they aren’t successful in innovating their products, but only imitating and following their competitors. Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) offers a new strategy in competition, which makes competitors, not enemies but makes them more motivated to change the spirit of the institutional environment. The purpose of this research studied BOS in Islamic educational institutions, which includes mapping strategies in creating a market space where there are no competitors, strategies in making the competition irrelevant, and its implications in Islamic educational institutions. This study used qualitative methods through field research type. Data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and study of documents. The results of this study concluded that: 1) The strategy of mapping educational institutions in creating market opportunities that have no competitors is by creating innovations that do not yet exist in other levels of the educational institution; 2) Institutional strategies in making competition no longer relevant are carried out by always showing innovations that are applied to other institution without a cover-up (always open); 3) The implications of BOS in the educational institution can be seen in terms of the output produced which can be realized through graduates who can be used both in companies and in educational institutions in need.
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Antai, Imoh, and Crispin M. Mutshinda. "Competitor Identification for Sustainable Survival Strategies: Illustration with Supply Chain Versus Supply Chain Competition." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147861.
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We describe a methodology for identifying competitors from first principles, drawing on the ecological niche theory which stipulates that competition arises from the dependence of interacting entities on the same limiting resources or, in ecological terms, from overlap in their niches. Depending on the context, the entities of interest may be species, products, firms, countries, or supply chains. We discuss the concepts of niche breadth and niche overlap and provide a mathematical expression for computing the competitive effects of interacting entities on one another from niche breadth and overlap measures. We illustrate the competitor identification procedure with simulated data mimicking a situation where supply chains compete over logistics modes on which they rely for moving goods from point to point. Competition identification is invaluable to business sustainability as it allows the entities involved to remain sustainable and persist in a competitive environment by crafting effective strategies that allow them to continuously adapt to changes and mitigate the negative impacts of competition.
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Tsimonis, Georgios, and Sergios Dimitriadis. "Brand strategies in social media." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 32, no. 3 (April 29, 2014): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-04-2013-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to: first, examine why companies create brand pages in social media, how they use them, what policies and strategies they follow, and what outcomes do they expect; and second – from firms’ point of view – how users are benefited from such pages. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative study approach was employed for this study. Data were collected from personal interviews with 14 marketing managers responsible for the social media activity of their company, providing preliminary evidence about the actions firms take, the motivations that led them to getting involved, and the derived outcomes. Findings – The main actions of the firm are making prize competitions, announcing new products/services, interacting with fans, providing advice and useful information, and handling customer service issues. The basic motivations are the increasing popularity of social media, competitors’ presence, headquarters’ strategy, and cost reduction pressure. Interact with customers, create/enhance relationships with customers, brand awareness, customer engagement, promote products/increase of sales, and the more targeted acquisition of new customers, were referred to as the main expected outcomes for companies. Research limitations/implications – Given the qualitative nature of the study and the emerging field of research about social media, findings should be considered as preliminary and exploratory. Interviews with companies from more sectors and also with social media users will provide a more comprehensive view of the topic. Practical implications – The paper identifies several opportunities for company managers, suggesting practices for effective social media handling. Originality/value – Considering the rapid development of social media and their penetration in business marketing actions, this paper is an exploratory step toward the ways firms utilize social media channels.
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Martínez Rodríguez, Alejandro, Néstor Vicente-Salar, Carlos Montero Carretero, Eduardo Cervelló Gimeno, and Enrique José Roche Collado. "Effect of Diet Management on Anxiety in Combat Sports." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-2.edma.
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Weight control in contact sports implies an additional stress to competitors, mostly when strategies to reduce it are inadequate. The present work analyzes if a correct diet planning could decrease anxiety in competitors. The validated CSAI-2 questionnaire was used before and after the weight control with judo, karate and taekwondo competitors from both genders following a free diet vs those that followed a diet plan. Results indicated that the intensity for somatic and cognitive anxiety in the pre-weight event was lower in male and female competitors following a controlled diet. Regarding gender, no differences in anxiety intensity and directionality were observed between individuals following a free diet in the pre-weight event. Regarding sport discipline, judo and taekwondo practitioners presented higher somatic and cognitive anxiety than karate competitors did. Altogether, the correct control of the corresponding weight throughout the sports season decreases anxiety and increases self-confidence, allowing to the participants to focus on the contest objectives.
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Bai, B. "CONSPECIFIC SUPERPARASITISM IN TWO PARASITOID WASPS, APHIDIUS ERVI HALIDAY AND APHELINUS ASYCHIS WALKER: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES INFLUENCE HOST DISCRIMINATION." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 6 (December 1991): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231229-6.
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AbstractConspecific host discrimination and larval competition in two aphid parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), as a host. Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) used internal host cues to discriminate between unparasitized and conspecific parasitized hosts. When only parasitized hosts were available, females oviposited into recently parasitized ones where their progeny had a good chance to survive, but rejected those parasitized ≥24 h earlier where their offspring normally died. Competitions occurred only after both eggs had hatched. Larvae eliminated supernumeraries by means of physical combat and physiological suppression. In Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), factors, or changes in host internal condition, associated with hatching of the first egg resulted in suppression of conspecific competitors which could be in either larval or egg stage. The older larvae always won competitions through physiological means. A wasp’s oviposition decision is shown to be influenced by the probability of its progeny’s survival. Species that have different reproductive strategies may respond differently to identical host conditions.
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Antero, Michelle, Jonas Hedman, and Stefan Henningsson. "Sourcing strategies to keep up with competition: the case of SAP." International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management 2, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12821/ijispm020403.
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This paper applies the Red Queen theory to explain how organizations utilize various sourcing arrangements in order to compete in an evolutionary arms race where only the strongest competitors will survive. The case study incorporates competition, and views sourcing strategies as a means to improve the firm’s viability to survive competition in the marketplace. The study begins by positioning the Red Queen theory within the sourcing literature. It subsequently applies the framework to a case study of SAP AG to illustrate how sourcing strategies have changed over time in response to the logic of competition. The case study reveals that (a) organizations are adaptive systems and capable of learning to make strategic changes pertaining to sourcing arrangements; (b) organizations select the terms on which they want to compete by developing certain capabilities within the firm; (c) organizations are reflexive and over time develop competitive hysteresis which allows them to become stronger competitors. In the case of SAP AG, various sourcing arrangements were selected over its 40-year history to respond to technological and market changes.
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Redjeki, Finny, Haris Fauzi, and Sidik Priadana. "Implementation of Appropriate Marketing and Sales Strategies in Improving Company Performance and Profits." International Journal of Science and Society 3, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i2.314.
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Every company has a goal of getting a specific profit or as much as possible and maintaining or even trying to increase it for the long term. This goal can be realized if the sale can be carried out as planned. Thus it does not mean that the goods or services sold will always generate profits, so the above factors must receive full attention for the company. Superior competence in understanding customers and, therefore, the opportunity to provide satisfaction to customers and the ability to recognize competitors' movements. Companies that manage to control the market and this arena are called market-driven firms that balance these two orientations well to produce better marketing performance than companies with other directions. Coordination between the company's functions as an effort, for example, to share information about customers and competitors with all tasks better to face the growing competition from time to time.
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Friis, Dag A. "Competitive Bidding in the Shipbuilding Industry: Strategies and Decision Modeling." Journal of Ship Production 3, no. 03 (August 1, 1987): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1987.3.3.195.
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Competitive bidding as experienced by the shipbuilding industry is examined. An overview is given of the analytical tools available for development of "optimal" bidding strategies. This is done by examining ways in which competitive bidding situations can be analyzed. The contract negotiation aspects as well as the sealed bid submission aspects are examined. A brief review of existing work in the area of sealed bid strategy modeling is given. A comparison with bidding conditions encountered in the construction industry is made to establish the degree to which the shipbuilding industry can use decision models developed specifically for construction contract bidding. Finally a Bayesian strategy decision model is developed. This model is designed to allow the shipbuilder to incorporate his own evaluation of all aspects of the tender. The evaluation can be based on analysis of competitor behavior in similar bidding situations, or it can be based on subjective evaluation of the present situation alone. The model is designed in such a way that features other than vessel price may be taken into consideration. These other features could include such factors as the shipyard's ability to meet the desired delivery time, the quality of its design, the standard of its workmanship, and the financing terms offered. The shipyard's performance in these areas is expressed relative to the performance of its competitors.
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Kim, Hyojung, Jinju Lee, and Ki-Hwan Kwon. "Kolon FnC’s Global Expansion Strategy." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500092.
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Korean fashion firms face difficulties in sustaining their growth momentum because of market stagnation and the aggressive entry of global luxury and SPA brands. To find a breakthrough, local fashion firms are adopting diverse strategies, including direct entry, licensing, and acquisitions, to successfully tap into the global market. Kolon FnC, which is among the five affiliates of Kolon Industries, focuses its business in the production and sales of fashion goods and clothing lines. Focusing on its strength as a leading brand power in the sports and outdoor segment, Kolon FnC is making strategic moves, such as diversifying its fashion portfolio, creating new value by collaborating with artists, and enhancing its R&D capability for new garment materials, which is led by one of its sister affiliates, Kolon Fashion Material. Under the leadership of the newly appointed CEO Dong-Mun Park, Kolon FnC is aggressively seeking talented young designers in Korea to differentiate itself from its global competitors. CEO Park strongly believes that talented young Korean designers can be a viable source of competitive advantage against global competitors. Since 2010, Kolon FnC has acquired several small-sized designer shops and fashion accessory shops to diversify its fashion portfolio and to create a young and vibrant brand image. This approach marks a departure from the strategic paths of its major local competitors, as Korean fashion firms typically focus on licensing or acquiring foreign brands. This case aims to identify the practical implications of global expansion strategies by analyzing how the Korean fashion industry has evolved and how Kolon FnC and its competitors have deployed different global expansion strategies in developing their resources and/or capabilities for future growth.