Academic literature on the topic 'Stratégies fonctionnelles végétales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stratégies fonctionnelles végétales":
Mekideche, Siham, Lila Brakchi-Ouakour, and Leila Kadik. "Impact des perturbations anthropiques sur la diversité végétale de la subéraie de Chréa, au nord de l’Algérie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 337 (November 26, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.337.a31633.
Gormo, Jean, and Bienvenu Denis Nizesete. "Des végétaux et leurs usages chez les peuples du Nord-Cameroun: sélection et mode d'emploi du XIXeau XXesiècle." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 20, no. 2 (June 2013): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702013000200013.
Suffert, Frédéric. "Cadre théorique de la notion de complémentation caractérisant des stratégies de protection des cultures." Forum 86, no. 2 (March 9, 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012509ar.
Gaspar, Thomas, Claude Penel, and Hubert Greppin. "Approche analogique et réalités des phytohormones : des retards et des erreurs stratégiques?" Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 2016, 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.6236.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stratégies fonctionnelles végétales":
Zwicke, Marine. "Impacts d'une canicule sécheresse sur le fonctionnement et la structure des communautés végétales de l'écosystème prairial." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020033.
Rande, Hugo. "Effets du niveau de pollution métallique et des stratégies fonctionnelles sur les types d’effets en jeu dans les interactions entre plantes au niveau d’anciens sites miniers des Pyrénées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0032.
Plant-plant interactions have been overlooked in metal/metalloids-impacted environments and are likely driven by several factors whose influence is barely known. First, plant-plant interactions depend on the level of metal pollution, but also on the functional plant strategies of the interacting plants. Furthermore, plants can have several type of effects on their immediate environment, acting at different timescales. Plants canopy and roots have an instantaneous influence on the microclimate and available resources in their immediate vicinity. Then, during a growing season, the production of litter and its decomposition beneath their canopy can influence soil chemical and physical properties. In the longer term, when this cycle of litter production/decomposition is repeated over the years, the dynamics of the organic matter will influence soil conditions even more. In this thesis, our main objective was to delineate these effects, and to understand how plant functional strategies can influence these various effects along metal pollution gradients. We studied these effects during three consecutive years (from 2020 to 2022) in a former mining valley in the French Pyrenees (Sentein, Ariège, France). In this area, we studied interactions between plants using observational and target transplantation methods controlling for the presence of plant canopy and/or plant litter, in three study sites: a slag heap with homogeneous pollution and two mine tailings areas with heterogeneous pollution creating a gradient of pollution. Along these gradients, short-term canopy and root-uptake effects followed the Stress Gradient Hypothesis, switching from competition to facilitation as pollution increased. This facilitation was stronger when the species producing the effect were acquisitive (in relation with soil resources and the Leaf Economic Spectrum), and benefits more the low metal-tolerant plants. These positive effects were mainly due to the improvement of micro-climatic conditions during hot and dry episodes in summer. Concerning the effects linked to litter production and decomposition, negative effects on target plants were found, suggesting the so-called “elemental allelopathic” effects, in relation with the high concentration of metallic elements in the decomposing litter. These negative litter effects were more important in the least polluted environments, where metal-accumulating metallophyte plants (which have high concentration of metals in their leaves) and less metal-tolerant plants interacts. They were particularly marked for targets sensitive to metal pollution. The results of this thesis give important perspectives regarding the use of facilitation for the phyto-management of metals/metalloids-polluted environments, given that the functional strategies of interacting plants and the level of pollution involved are explicitly considered. Additionnaly, the results obtained during the 2022 heatwave provide useful insights regarding the expected evolution of the different effects driving plant interactions in metalliferous ecosystems in a climate change context
Tardy, Florence. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des stratégies de compétition pour les ressources aériennes et souterraines au sein d’une gamme d’espèces végétales : application à la régulation biologique des adventices par les plantes de services dans l'agrosystème bananier antillais." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS096/document.
Banana agro-ecosystems in the French West Indies have relied for a long time on intensive monocultures. A shift to agroecological management practices have been made since the “Plan Banane Durable” program in 2009. To achieve the aim of reducing the use of chemical inputs, the introduction of cover plants to deliver agroecosystem services under study to reconcile agronomic and environmental issues. These services include the biological control of weeds by cover plants which requires to introduce cover plant species with a good ability to compete for light towards weeds. However the introduction of cover plants should not cause a dis-service by reducing the production of bananas through a competition for mineral and water soil resources. A better knowledge of aboveground and belowground competition process by cover plants is then essential to reason their use in cropping systems. We chose an approach based on functional traits to characterize plant species from this very anthropized agroecosystem because an exhaustive study of the ecophysiological processes underlying competition is not suitable for a large panel of potentially useful cover plant species. We assume that a combination of values of functional traits related to the acquisition and use of resources reflects a strategy of competition. The objectives of this thesis were 1) to characterize a panel of potential cover plant and weed species as well as two banana cultivars according to functional traits related to the acquisition and use of aboveground and belowground resources, 2) identify competition strategies on the basis of the combinations of trait values obtained for each species and 3) comparing the competitive effects of the species as a function of their competition strategies. This study is based on a bibliographic work to identify traits of interest, a first field experiment to characterize the competition strategy of the different species by measuring functional traits on plants grown individually and in non-limiting resources conditions and a second field experiment to characterize the competitive relationships between species according to their respective competitive strategies. The analysis of the results allowed us to build two classifications of species according to their strategy, one based on competitive traits for light and the other one based on the competitive traits for soil resources. Our results allowed to distinguish four aboveground competition strategies for light ("shade", "obstruction," "smothering low”," strong smothering ") and four belowground competition strategies for soil resources (" exploration "," occupation "" exploitation, "" neutral "). The species of the panel were replaced on the main axes of differentiation between species in ecology opposing resource conservation and capture strategies. The results do not show links between aboveground and belowground strategies. These functional classifications can be used to identify the most qualified species, a priori, to be used in banana cropping systems of the French West Indies. The use of functional traits in an agronomic context enabled us to acquire a better knowledge of the species competition abilities and opens perspectives for the establishment of a decision-making tool for the choice of species to include in multi-species cover
Lefebvre, Tiphaine. "Influence de l’herbivorie sauvage et domestique en prairie subalpine : réponse métabolique des plantes et conséquences fonctionnelles sur la décomposition des litières." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV030/document.
Alpine grasslands are home to large populations of wild herbivores and are often exposed to additional grazing by domestic herbivores. This study aims to investigate the metabolic response of subalpine plant species to herbivory and to identify the ecosystem functional consequences via the alteration of litter decomposability. For this purpose, we set up a two-year experimental design using exclosures on the Armenaz subalpine grassland from the Bauges massif, under two mammalian herbivory regimes: intensive grazing by domestic heifers (Bos taurus) and extensive grazing by wild chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). We measured leaf functional traits representative of growth and defense metabolisms on about twenty plant species grown in presence or absence of herbivores, and estimated litter decomposability of some of these species. Contrary to the hypothesis of a growth/defense tradeoff, our results show that the allocation of defensive compounds (polyphenols and lignin) in plants is not related to their nutrient acquisition strategy. In our study, plant responses to grazing exclusion vary according to: (1) herbivory context, plant response being more pronounced in the case of intensive grazing by heifers than extensive grazing by chamois, (2) plant species, suggesting that they rely on different defensive strategies, (3) environmental conditions, which may reflect the interactive effects with grazing treatment. One of the observed responses of plants to grazing exclusion is the decrease of their phenolic content, and more specifically flavonoids, which can be explained by the relaxation of the production of plant defenses when herbivores are no longer present. Chamois exclusion has no influence on chemical composition and decomposability of litters, the latter being best explained by its phenolic content. Revealing the contrasted effects of wild and domestic mammalian herbivores on vegetation and related soil processes allow us to improve our understanding of subalpine grasslands functioning. This should help us to better predict the effects of potential demographic variations of herbivore populations on environment
Maire, Vincent. "Des traits des graminées au fonctionnement de l'écosystème prairial : une approche de modélisation mécaniste." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725487.
Maire, Vincent. "Des traits des graminées au fonctionnement de l'écosystème prairial : une approche de modélisation mécaniste." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21934.