Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stratégie de dissuasion'
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Jumel, Philippe. "La conduite de la dissuasion." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0011.
Full textTertrais, Bruno. "La stratégie nucléaire de l'OTAN : dissuasion élargie et rôle des armes nucléaires américaines en Europe, 1949-1992." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0037.
Full textThis study offers a comprehensive perspective on the operational aspects of NATO's nuclear strategy, through an analysis of the role of us nuclear weapons in Europe from 1949 to 1992. Preliminary questions concern : the way NATO's strategy has been constructed ; the nature of this strategy ; and the structure of its historical evolution. Part I, "looking for a common doctrine : the dilemmas of extended deterrence", describes the emergence of the concept of tactical use of nuclear weapons, and the difficulties encountered in the alliance to implement a strategy based on a massive recourse to nuclear weapons. Part II, "a solution to the dilemmas ? Flexible response as a modus operandi for extended deterrence" analyses the compromises on which flexible response is based, the way this strategy has been implemented, and the subsequent modifications in NATO's nuclear posture. Part III, "challenge to extended deterrence : NATO's nuclear strategy and the end of the cold war", analyses the consequences of the political upheavals in Europe for NATO's nuclear strategy, and questions the validity of this strategy. In conclusion, the author suggests, in particular, that political will has played a key role in ensuring that NATO's nuclear strategy develops in a coherent fashion. A critical analysis of NATO's nuclear strategy is also included
Courmont, Barthélémy. "L'utilisation de la bombe atomique à Hiroshima : éléments de décision et alternatives." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070005.
Full textSixty years after the first use of the atomic bomb, the reference of Hiroshima remains a symbol of the destruction of life, and the science to serve human barbarian purpose. The paradox of the Japanese city is that it both represents the end of an era and the beginning of another one. Some celebrate Hiroshima as the event that ended the most terrible war in human history. Others consider that the power of the new weapon will lead -the humanity to its own destruction. The bomb used on August 6, 1945, known as “Little Boy”, is then both considered as a peace weapon and the most powerful and efficient killing tool ever produced. This PhD thesis analyses the different elements that justified the use of the supreme weapon, the proposed alternatives, and the geopolitical context in which this foreign policy and, to some extent domestic politics, choice was made. The debates that took place before the use, the diplomatic manoeuvres from both Tokyo and Moscow are developed here, as well as the reasons that justified the choice of the atomic bomb among the different proposals, and the consequences for world history. One of the objectives is to determine whether this weapon, which was useless in ending the war against Japan, could not having been used by the US
Lee, Sung-Man. "La sécurité de la Corée du Sud : la menace et les moyens d'une petite puissance." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010257.
Full textIn the competitive international society which favors the powerful, what is the strategy of security to defend the vital interests of south korea, a country which does not belong to the group of the powerful, and which has not kept its independence to build its own strategy and to develop it ? In a peninsular country like south korea, surrounded by powerful neighbors, the security of the state through diplomatic efforts is very important. The strengthening of the capacity of protection as a unique means is not sufficient for its national defense. Nevertheless, the national security strategy poses on the whole, the question of the independent defense, because the last objective of the policy of security is tantamount to assume the independent security. We have therefore proposed a korean model of military strategy, "the strategy of survival of the koran people" which means the actively defensive strategy centered on diplomacy. This strategy is presented following three steps : the strategy of dissuasion, the strategy of defense and the strategy of survival. Our study seeks, by analyzing korea's security situation, to expose the particularity of this situation. And it aims, by clarifying and recomposing the known strategy theories, to establish a strategy for the survival of south korea and the reunified peninsula, a strategy appropriated to korean particular circumstances
Grémare, Benoit. "L’arme nucléaire française : aspects de droit public." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0193_GREMARE.pdf.
Full textIn France, nuclear weapons remain an essential strategic stake for the power of the State and the prerogative of its sovereignty through the credibility of its discourse of deterrence. While in international law, its statute and its normativity generate disputes relating to its legality of use and its legitimacy of existence, the French nuclear weapon embodies the life insurance of the Nation in the event of a serious crisis. Responding to the needs of a new era, it partly determines the state apparatus, adapts to societal and international developments. As such, the Constitution being a prescriptive set of norms which govern the institutions, attribute competences, fix the procedures, it also proceeds by affirmation on the nature of the regime, leading to publicly consecrate this consensus on nuclear weapons. But although subject to customary consensus, the French nuclear weapon is limited to a material means serving the Constitutional issue of National Independence, the effectiveness of which remains limited. Going beyond this limit requires systemizing the French nuclear weapon by taking up its original concept of "strike force" which, instituted at the time on a Constitutional basis through military program laws, takes over from this sovereign mission essential to sovereignty which corresponds to ensuring the defense of the Nation, preserving its independence and ensuring its institutions. Nuclear law is positive and to imagine a strike force empowered by the Constitution to defend vital interests as a palliative for general mobilization is to describe a state of affairs expressed in the form of imperative to remain binding. The inclusion of the concept of strike force in the Constitution would make it possible, in addition to securing the nuclear deterrence strategy beyond political contingencies, to confirm its normative dimension and its Constitutional essence. Unheard of in the legal history of concepts, this anticipation by the legislator would provide sustainability regardless of technological developments and would lead to an adaptation of the French nuclear doctrine, the sovereign requiring a strike force capable of preserving its constituents and their vital national interests, while by integrating the European dimension. Insert the strike force in the Constitution would allow nuclear weapons to be consecrated as one of the sovereign means serving the Constitutional objective of National Independence
Vaicbourdt, Nicolas. "John Foster Dulles à l'heure de la première détente : 1953-1959 : entre leadership et unilatérisme : les Etats-Unis et la guerre froide." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010688.
Full textChen, Shihmin. "Analyse et comparaison des stratégies nucléaires des puissances nucléaires moyennes : France, Royaume-Uni et Chine." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010289.
Full textPélopidas, Benoît. "La séduction de l’impossible : étude sur le renoncement à l’arme nucléaire et l’autorité politique des experts." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0037.
Full textMost "proliferation experts" consider the scenario in which a nuclear-weapon-state gives up his nuclear arsenal as highly improbable or impossible. Academics as well as government experts seem to share this view. They already did when South Africa, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan did give up their arsenals. This dissertation therefore explores the two sides of the "seduction of the impossible". One leads experts to think about nuclear history within the framework of a "proliferation paradigm" we shall describe; the other leads policymakers to actually do what is considered as impossible, in other words, giving up nuclear arsenals or ambitions. For this discourse of impossibility to be valid, two conditions should be met. First, this impossibility should be identified in the past thanks to a series of necessary conditions that reduces its probability. Second, the future should be known to resemble the past. This dissertation tests these two assumptions with structured and focus comparisons of historical cases and investigates the consequences of the "proliferation paradigm" in terms of political authority of experts. It tests a series of supposedly necessary conditions for renunciation to occur and assesses whether these conditions could be sufficient. If so, under the assumption that the future will resemble the past, experts could dictate a unidimensional renunciation policy on the sole basis of their knowledge
Garcin, Thierry. "La France nucléaire dans le troisième cercle." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010277.
Full textAutonomous nuclear power with a coherent and complete deterrent force, france has promoted a foreign policy whose aspiration is mundial. Present, influent, even acting during crisis or conflicts, france has often utilized its nuclear status in order to reinforce its international rank. Strategically, its particular action is determined by three symbolical circles : national territory, europe ans its approaches, and the rest of the world (general lucien poirier). Consequently, what is the influence of the est-west relations on its foreign policy ? How can france defend international law, its allies and its interests abroad, with which maritime priorities ? What are and what will be constraints and limits of military interventions, given the new political landscape in the est and in the south, given the new role of nuclear deterrence in international affairs ? In conclusion, the theory of the "three circles" must be replaced by the theory of "two circles" : national territory, and the rest of the world. That will demand a new structure of defense and a reorientation of French foreign policy
Mayaleh-Mayard, Juliette. "Le programme nucléaire iranien : Les implications pour les pays arabes." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020039.
Full textDiani, Latifa. "La dissusion antiterrorisme entre l'effectivité de la présomption d'innocence et l'inéluctabilité de culpabilité : Etude comparative franco-marocaine." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0006.
Full textThe aim of any penal procedure is to guarantee the balance between two opposing and sacred interests: on the one hand, the protection of public order, which is not other than the general interest of society, and on the other hand, the interest of the person in the meshes of a criminal trial, which requires the certainty of exercising his rights of defense against the arbitrariness and abuses of the judicial system. Safeguarding this balance through the establishment of international and national legal norms and judicial mechanisms, has been imposed a protective approach to the rights of the individual struggling with the jurisdictional apparatus to determine his innocence or guilt. In fact, the presumption of innocence is an assumption based on signs of likelihood or an anticipation of what is not proven, which prohibits any jurisdiction from declaring a person guilty of the facts he is accused of so much that he was not convicted yet whereas the presumption of guilt is an exception set by the legislator or by the case law, as opposed to the principle of presumption of innocence, whose consecration is supra-legislative, as being a guarantee resulting from the right to a fair trial. It is an obligation of caution that is needed in a new world order characterized by a new form of crime, especially terrorism, whose fight is manifested in international and regional conventions under the auspices of the United Nations which implements a fragmented sectorial strategy against crimes associated with terrorism. Therefore, if the mechanism of the presumption of guilt seems to override the legality, legitimacy and wisdom of the principle of presumption of innocence, under the impulse of a new doctrine that emerges in this case the "right" criminal of the enemy '' in the name of the fight against terrorism, respect for the rights of the defense remains the absolute guard against any arbitrary judicial drift. It is thus a question of reconciling effective fight against terrorism with respect for fundamental rights and freedoms. That being said, the presumptions (of innocence or guilt) are a daring theme insofar as they incite to confront contemporary doctrinal debates in the light of the sources of penal law and procedural law. This modest work deals with a universally recognized principle of law: namely, the presumption of innocence, hence the interest in knowing how much the fight against terrorism and the protection of the presumption of innocence, which are subject to a regular and special procedure, may be homogeneous
Minic, Dimitri. "Contourner la lutte armée : la pensée stratégique russe face à l’évolution de la guerre, 1993-2016." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL045.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the process of demilitarization of war in Russian strategic thought between 1993 and 2016. While significant research has been carried out on the implementation of Russian indirect strategies in post-Soviet and Western countries, the analysis of their conceptual roots and of the military strategists who produce them is still lacking. Consequently, both the identification of the concepts and notions actually used by Russian military theorists, and the understanding of the underlying logics which structure post-Soviet Russian strategic thought, are hampered. Based on an analysis of Russian military literature, still hardly explored by research, on doctrinal documents and speeches by Russian military and political officials, this thesis in history also draws on a biographical examination of the main flag and field officers of the country, as well as civilians close to the Russian General Staff and the Russian Defense Ministry. This thesis goes beyond an analysis of the concepts, notions and debates by which Russian military theorists have tried to understand the characteristics of a modern war, which is less and less focused on armed struggle. It explores the cognitive frameworks of these strategists, comprised of beliefs and perceptions which, although often overlooked in the post-Soviet Russian military context, are key to an essential understanding of the Russian military doctrinal and institutional changes between 1993 and 2016
Hérault, Paul. "L'internationalisation des chaînes de valeur dans l'industrie de défense : le cas du naval." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED005.
Full textMany research works have already been dedicated to the internationalization of value chains. Whereas this research is often performed through macroeconomics or focused on civilian sectors, this thesis examines how the process of functional and geographic unbundling can apply to such a regulated sector as the defense industry, where exports are strictly controlled by states.Based on original data provided by Naval Group, this dissertation set out several estimates of the internationalization level of French navy programs. Although programs related to nuclear deterrence remain almost exclusively « made in France », many factors contribute to the internationalization of value chains in the naval industry: transfer of technology, local content requirements, integration of commercial or dual-use technologies, internationalization corporate strategies. Referring to the concept of modularity, this thesis reveals that changes in production process can foster innovation in product architecture
Alvarado, Adrian. "La Russie en Arctique occidental : strategies d'Etat et interactions des acteurs." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2109.
Full textDuring the first decade of the XXIth century, the Arctic has received growing attention from scholars, policymakers and multinational corporations. Climate change as well as renewed political and economical interests from coastal and non-coastal States had repositioned this region as a prospective theater in the Great powers chessboard. Since 2001, the Russian Federation has taken several international and domestic actions to guarantee its national interest in what it considers as the Russian Arctic, a space that comprises about 22 600 kilometers of national coastline with the Arctic Ocean. But climate change, historical socio-economic developments and strategic imperatives have conditioned this engagement.The Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblasts plays nowadays a leading role in the implementation of a cross-domain Russian strategy for the Arctic region. This dissertation will then assess the central challenges of Russian National Security and Strategy in the Occidental Arctic taking in consideration recent changes in the Russian Federation political and economical model, the emerging role of private and foreign actors and the specificity of Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.The first part of this dissertation will try to underline the past/current strategic and economical relevance of the Occidental Arctic for the Russian Federation. A historical approach will allow us to better understand the current role of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblasts while we will appreciate its socio-economic potential thanks to the analysis of demographic, industrial and commercial developments of these regions. Finally, a study on defense and energy industries adaptation to international markets will be conducted as well as a regional risk-assessment concerning climate change and industrial pollution.In a second part, our main objective is to demonstrate the strategic and economical importance of the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblasts for the Russian Arctic policy. This will lead us to analyse core issues in the Occidental Arctic for state and industry actors. The methodology applied to identify the main trends in these issues is a combination of the French school of geopolitics with relevant theories of international relations (Waltz, Keohane, Putnam). Graham Allison’s conceptual models and his approach on national interests will be applied in the analysis
Charnay, Jean-Paul. "Essai méthodique sur l'évolution des doctrines stratégiques." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040301.
Full textThe thesis presents the methods and the results of previous interdisciplinary research (see Stratégie et altérité). First it includes the reprint of major strategic books relating to the art and the law of war. For some of these reprints (see Guibert, Carnot) a critical presentation has been added, with unpublished texts. A new definition of strategy has been proposed, which is based upon the variations of negation (or convergence) between enemies (or partners), rationally speaking (see Essai général de stratégie). The Essai d'analyse stratégique emphasizes the present semantic and praxeological mutations: defense, deterrence, geopolitics. Certain notions of strategic analysis have proposed: psycho and socio-strategy, differential strategy, strategical anthropology, tactical acculturation geosociology
Mangin, Maïlys. "La conversion de l'AIEA à la lutte contre la prolifération nucléaire : une internationalisation tactique des jeux gouvernementaux nord-américains, d'Atoms for peace aux sanctions contre les « Atomic ayatollahs »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILD024.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the transformations of the IAEA's (International Atomic Energy Agency) nuclear non-proliferation missions and the uses to which they are put, from its creation during the Cold War to the Iranian nuclear crisis. It exposes the social foundations of a process of politicization of the IAEA, characterized by the intensification and conflictualization of exchanges of blows between the social actors and sectors that mobilize the institutional resources of this IO. Drawing on a variety of interviews and archives, the thesis sheds light on the constraints that this politicization context exerts on the perceptions and practices of actors both inside and outside the IAEA's institutional boundaries. The thesis first traces how the bipolar system, and then its collapse, influenced the way in which North American foreign policy actors addressed the problem of nuclear proliferation, and structured the ways in which the IAEA was mobilized in this respect. After having been a by-product of the United States' civilian nuclear export policy, the IAEA's non-proliferation activities were called into question as part of US struggles to restructure post-Cold War foreign policy in the Middle East. This thesis then analyzes how this politicization process, as a logic of situation, structures the way in which the IAEA's expertise is produced and mobilized in the context of the Iranian dossier. It shows that the IAEA's investigation in Iran, from 2003 onwards, is as much an autonomous technical process as a fuel for the competition to define (un)acceptable Iranian nuclear activities. In this respect, this thesis proposes an alternative to “circulatory” sociology, substituting the study of import-export logics between national spaces with that of tactical interdependence between social spaces with no geographical proximity. Going beyond the opposition between instrumental uses and legitimizing virtues of IOs, this approach helps to renew the analysis of the strategic uses of IOs and their effects
Beaudoin, Isabelle. "Environnement dissuasif, risques et stratégies délinquantes." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8472.
Full textDeterrence theory has been rightfully challenged when changes in punishment probability or severity had no impact on crime rates, recidivism or risks' perception. We suggest that these unconclusive results are, in large part, caused by theoretical and conceptual flaws. First, changes in objective properties of punishment are assumed to be equally perceived across multiple spatial units or police jurisdictions. We have reason to believe that this is rarely the case. Second, the objective risks of being arrested are generally measured with a ratio between the number of arrests and the number of crimes reported. This conceptualization is problematic because numerous researchers found that people have little knowledge of these objective properties. Third, deterrence research have limited interest for adaptative strategies used by offenders to counteract the perceived increase in punishment severity or certainty. We believe that offenders' actively seek and adopt these avoidance tactics. Four propositions are developed to adress thoses limits: 1) to detect the potential local or micro effects of punishment on crime, different police jurisdictions are analysed separatly; 2) to detect the potential effects of punishment on crime, studies should be made only in jurisdictions where enforcement levels are objectively increasing; 3) observed deterrent stimuli should be regarded as vicarious experiences; 4) impunity must be viewed as an actively seeked experience. Two studies were conducted as part of this thesis. Using reports of crashes and statements of offense reports from the Montreal police traffic unit, the first study found that a sharp increase in the level of police activities had significant impact on the number of collisions. Over the same period, data from the second largest city in the province of Québec (the control area), showed no noticeable increase in punishment probility and consequently, no significant impact on collisions. The second study was based on the perception of risks and patterns of road delinquency for a sample of university students with a driver license. Results show distinctive effects of deterrence stimuli for drivers with different delinquency habits. For conformists drivers, the iv deterrent stimuli increase the perception of risk but had no impact on their (already low) levels of road delinquency. For the most motivated traffic offenders however, deterrence stimuli seem to motivate the use and diversity of arrest avoidance techniques that circumvent any increase in their perception of risks. These avoidance tactics do not provide total impunity but efficiently decrease punishment probabilities for those willing to maintain the same offending patterns.
Chaverot, David. "Facteurs de résolution des enquêtes de meurtres sexuels." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8864.
Full textThe aim of our study was to determine the characteristics of the modus operandi involved in sexual murder predicting clearance of police investigation. Our sample involved 265 sexual murders of women codified in the ViCLAS. The comparison between solved sexual murders (N = 178) and unsolved sexual murders (N = 87), should also help to identify the differences between issues of the investigation, the killer strategies to avoid detection and the factors predicting clearance. According to logistic regression analysis, murders involving use of a weapon, use of a blindfold/gag and aggression involving home intrusion or robbery are more likely to be cleared. On the opposite, when the murderer takes an object from the crime scene or when victim is stomped, the clearance rate decreases. These variables reflect a lack of criminal skills which can drive the murderer to make more mistakes. In general, our study reveals that close contact between the aggressor and the victim favors the dispersion of proofs facilitating the work of investigators. Such proofs are more likely to be spread when there is vaginal or anal penetration. The same process is involved when the victim is beaten or bitten. Moreover, most of the sexual murders are not able to clean the crime scene to avoid apprehension because of limited criminal skills. Finally, the low proportion of sexual and violence acts hinders the process of resolution. The same thing is observed concerning the limited impact of databases and specialization of sexual murderer.