Academic literature on the topic 'Strategic Regulations Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Hassan, Mostafa Kamal. "Risk regulations and disclosure in the United Arab Emirates: An institutional theory analysis." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 4 (2011): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i4c5art5.
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The paper aims at exploring the social, political and economic forces underlying the development and the deployment of risk disclosure regulations in the United Arab (UAE). It synthesizes an institutional theory framework in order to link the UAE institutional environment to the UAE corporations’ practices associated with risk disclosure. Drawing on DiMaggio and Powell’s (1983) notions of “isomorphic mechanisms”, Meyer and Rowan’s (1977) notions of “sagacious conformity” and Oliver’s (1991) notion of “strategic choice”, the paper explores the legitimation processes behind risk disclosure regulations in the UAE and, at the same time, reveals how managers put into effect and deploy these regulations. The paper relies, primarily, on the discourse analysis of textual data published in legislations, newspapers articles and annual reports published by some of the UAE corporations listed in Abu Dhabi and Dubai financial markets. The paper finds that the UAE institutional context - mainly the country’s aspiration to join global security markets, regulatory framework and accountancy profession activities - excretes pressures on individual corporations to put into effect risk disclosure regulations. In response, the UAE corporations adopt risk regulations as a “strategic disclosure” or as Oliver (1991) calls a “strategic choice” that enables those corporations to communicate a positive image to wider stakeholders. The paper adds to the literature relating to the institutional development behind risk disclosure and the disclosure management literature in emerging economies countries
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Ruswandi, Dody, Sumartono Sumartono, Syamsul Maarif, and Andy Fefta Wijaya. "Strategic Analysis of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Management on Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2021): 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.193.
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This research aims to understand the strategic analysis of collaborative governance on forest and land fire disasters at the ontological and sociological level that are very significant in reducing risk of natural disasters in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a descriptive qualitative research based on theory of public policy, collaborative governance, and strategic management. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and related documentation in forest and land fire cases in Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using interactive models, which are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological level by using collaborative governance perspective and strategic analysis of internal, external, supporting, and inhibiting factors for reducing disaster risks and improving disaster management. Vision and mission of public policies on disaster management are needed for improving and providing information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions in natural disaster management and produce a revised relevant regulation for state agencies as public officials in making regulations on disaster management in Indonesia.
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Heraghi, Ines Shili, and Ezzeddine Zouari. "Strategic Behaviors in Sustainable Development." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2016100103.
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As part of the extension of the recent theoretical work from several sociopolitical approaches such as stakeholder and neo institutional, theory. This paper studies the strategic behavior of banks in sustainable development in the context of the Tunisian banking sector. The main mode of data collection is the questionnaire survey. Using a sample of 20 banks from Tunisia. Employing two different test method; crisscross sorting and scoring. According to the results of neoclassic theory, the authors' research showed that socially responsible behavior present a response to legal constraints (laws, regulations), normative constraints (professional and industry standards) or cognitive cultural constraints (mimetic behavior). Consequently, banks in the context of reputational risk adhere to these practices, recognized as relevant and appropriate to the expectations of stakeholders. Results released showed that Tunisian banks have an adaptive behavior in SD and on CSR, which affirms the works of Jeucken (2001) (Kolk et al. 2001) and (Peeters 2003) and Serre, Gendron and Ramboarisata (2008).
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Nippa, Michael, Sanjay Patnaik, and Markus Taussig. "MNE responses to carbon pricing regulations: Theory and evidence." Journal of International Business Studies 52, no. 5 (March 17, 2021): 904–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00403-8.
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AbstractThis paper develops theory suggesting that, relative to purely domestic firms, multinational enterprises (MNE) have greater incentives and strategic and operational means to respond to expanding carbon emissions constraints. We test our resulting hypotheses with data on changes in carbon emissions by over 6,000 industrial plants during Phase 2 (2008–2012) of the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme. We find that MNE maintain: (1) consistent carbon reductions across institutional contexts, and (2) an overall carbon performance edge over domestic firms. The carbon performance gap between MNEs and domestic firms narrowed, however, in host countries transitioning towards more stringent market regulatory systems. By demonstrating that the effects of national and international carbon regulations on firm behavior interact in important ways with each other and with firm characteristics, this paper deepens understanding of how institutions are likely to shape the ongoing energy transition towards a low-carbon economy.
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Dahl, John Magnus R. "Visual argumentation in political advertising." Journal of Argumentation in Context 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.4.3.02dah.
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In this paper, political advertisements in Norway are characterized as an argumentative activity type, following the pragma-dialectal theory of argumentation. Drawing on insights from political theory, marketing theory, Norwegian media regulations and empirical research into Norwegian political communication the conventions of the activity type are discussed. It is also explained how these conventions influence the arguer’s strategic maneuvering.
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Kusumawati, Berlianingsih, Muchtar Riva’i, and Ali Chaerudin. "Kebijakan Strategis Peningkatan Kapasitas Pasar Tradisional Dan Pedagang Kaki Lima Dengan Konsep Kemitraan Di Tangerang Selatan." Liquidity 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v2i2.120.
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Presidential Regulation No. 112/2007 and Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 53/2008 concerning the Arrangement and Development of Traditional Markets in Modern Market has been established. So along with the implementation of these regulations, then the rules to increase the capabilities and bargaining power of traditional traders, street vendors and entrepreneurs of modern markets is a strategic policy. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of "partnership" among small and large enterprises. The method used socio-legal which determine and analyze power behavior/ effectiveness of the regulations require a review of the philosophical, juridical, economic, sociological and political, and examine methods follow the theory of participation by conducting a survey of objects that match the theme of this research. The result informed us that the Local Government of Tangerang Selatan has been launched the local regulation which is legally very beneficial for retail trade arrangements between traditional markets, and the Modern Market. However, the regulation has not been tested in practice as an evident effectiveness of the regulation.
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Cui, Lizhi, Yining Ding, and Xiangqian Li. "Environmental Regulation Competition and Carbon Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010736.
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To clarify the relationship between environmental regulatory competition and carbon emissions and provide a theoretical basis for carbon emission reduction governance, this paper explores the strategic interaction behavior of environmental regulatory competition by constructing a three-way evolutionary game model based on the perspective of the fusion of environmental federalism and local government competition theory. On this basis, the specific forms of carbon emission reduction competition are tested using the spatial Durbin model, and the mechanism of the effect of environmental regulation competition on carbon emissions is analyzed. The evolutionary game model shows that local governments make strategic choices based on the costs and benefits of environmental regulation, and there are strategic equilibria of “race to the bottom”, “race to the top”, and “differentiation of competition”. The empirical results show that the competition for environmental regulations as a whole after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a “race to the top”, and the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations has an inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, which remains valid after a series of robustness tests. There is heterogeneity in environmental regulatory competition, and the effect of emissions reduction is most obvious in the central region. Mechanism analysis shows that environmental regulatory competition affects carbon emissions mainly through the effect of political performance assessment, the effect of industrial structure optimization, and the effect of low-carbon technology capability improvement. Therefore, the central government should follow the local government interest function and balance the interests of all parties, appropriately increase the proportion of environmental performance assessment and optimize the performance assessment system, and consider regional development differences to find the right carbon emissions reduction path.
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SADOVNICHAYA, Anna V., and Ilona Z. CHKHOTUA. "Review of the book by V.L. Kvint "Strategic Leadership of Amir Timur: Comments on the Code"." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.3.588.
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The book "Strategic Leadership of Amir Timur: Comments on the Code" is a continuation of facsimile editions of the works of great strategists, published since 2017 on the initiative of a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.L. Kvint in the "Strategist's Library" series. The facsimile of this book is reproduced from the edition of "The Code of Timur", published in Kazan by the Imperial University in 1894. In his comments, V.L. Kvint considers only those provisions of the Code that are of particular interest to statesmen, strategic leaders, professionals in the theory and practice of strategizing. The author of the comments offers his interpretation of the rules and regulations of Amir Timur, which are able to increase the effectiveness of making important strategic decisions at all levels of State and military leadership and economic management. In the author's preface, V.L. Kvint emphasizes the enduring significance and importance of comprehending the system of strategic thinking of the Great Timur. The book will also be useful for scientists, teachers and students, studying the theory of strategy and the practice of strategizing.
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Ghozali Hassan, Mohamad, Muslim Diekola Akanmu, and Ahmad Yusni Bahaudin. "The moderating effect of environmental regulation and policy on the relationship between continuous process improvement and organizational performance: An empirical analysis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.15 (April 6, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.15.11367.
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There have been inconsistencies in the implementation of TQM practices in the Malaysian Food and Beverage Companies and this has led to low sales and less competitive advantage in the industry. This study therefore aimed to investigate the moderating effects of environmental regulation and policy on the relationship between continuous process improvement and organizational performance. A Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to estimate the relationship among the above variables in the context of Malaysian Food and Beverage Companies. The results of this study revealed that continuous process improvement has always been a significant predictor of organizational performance by following the regulations and policy related to environment. The results confirmed that environmental regulation and policy moderates the relationship between continuous process improvement and organizational performance. The integration of strategies and practices will help organizations to enhance their performance through implementation of the suggested constructs in this study. The study also supported the premises of the contingency theory and the institutional theory by reaffirming the importance of the supportive environmental regulation and policy for any successful strategic implementation
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Cooper-Bolinskey, Dianna. "An Emerging Theory to Guide Clinical Social Workers Seeking Change in Regulation of Clinical Social Work." Advances in Social Work 19, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22622.
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U.S. regulation of social work began in the 1940s. By the mid-1990s, all jurisdictions within the United States regulated the profession through licensure. One purpose of licensure is to protect the public and the profession; however, legislation defining social work varies vastly among jurisdictions. The variation exists not only between jurisdictions, but also within licensure categories. The disparity within clinical social work continues without resolve. This qualitative study explored the barriers encountered and solutions used in three states as they secured laws allowing licensed clinical social workers to independently provide mental health services. Grounded theory research, based on information from 12 historians, is used to develop a theory to aid advocates in jurisdictions not yet achieving fully independent practice of clinical social work. The emerging theory offers a complex-systems approach to using a strategic framework to overcome barriers when attempting policy change. The primary purpose of the research is to develop strategies that aid in securing changes in clinical social work regulation. The emerging theory may serve a broader purpose by supporting the Association of Social Work Board’s (ASWB) goal of practice mobility and license portability. As advocates in various jurisdictions attempt to align regulations with the Model Social Work Practice Act from ASWB, they may experience barriers. This emerging theory could guide efforts to change clinical social work regulation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Guertin, Camille. "A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on the Success and Failure of Eating Regulation In Women: Does Planning and Self-Monitoring the Quality Versus the Quantity of Eating Matter?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41532.
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Based within the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the overall objective of this thesis was to examine how motivational processes involved in the regulation of eating give rise to different self-regulation strategies in terms of eating quality and quantity, and how the adoption of these strategies influence women’s eating behaviors and life satisfaction over time. This objective was achieved through a series of eight studies, divided into four manuscripts. First, a measure that would allow us to assess healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors based on recent recommendations of Canada’s Food Guide was developed and validated. In Manuscript #1, we validated the Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behavior Scale (HUEBS) by examining the structure of the scale (Study 1 N = 360; Study 2 N = 711) and by establishing convergent validity through the examination of the relationships between motivational concepts, healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors as measured by the HUEBS, and waist circumference (Study 2 N = 711; Study 3 N = 264). Results supported the factor structure of the scale. It was also demonstrated that as women moved along stages of change for eating regulation, they reported higher levels of self-determined (versus non-self-determined) motivation and a higher consumption of healthy (versus unhealthy) foods. Furthermore, findings showed that healthy eating fully mediated the relationship between self-determined motivation and waist-circumference, and that the relationship between self-determined motivation and healthy eating was moderated by stages of change. Since there was also a need to develop a scale that would allow us to measure planning and self-monitoring strategies in terms of eating quality (i.e., nutrient intake) and quantity (i.e., calories and portion sizes), Manuscript #2 validated the Planning and Self-Monitoring the Quality and Quantity Scale (PMQQS; Study 1 N = 355; Study 2 N = 318). Results supported the 6-factor structure of the scale and demonstrated that strategies related to the quality of eating were more strongly and positively associated with healthy eating and more strongly and negatively associated with unhealthy eating, whereas strategies related to the quantity of eating were more strongly and positively associated with bulimic symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI). Manuscript #3 then examined if the strategies assessed by the PMQQS provided additional variance to eating behaviors over and above the effects of motivation (Study 1 N = 456) and if the strategies mediated the relationships between motivation and eating, while controlling for BMI (Study 1 N = 456; Study 2 N = 979). Overall, it was found that strategies played a significant role in explaining eating behaviors and that planning and self-monitoring the quality of eating mediated the relationships between autonomous motivation and healthy and unhealthy eating, whereas planning and self-monitoring the quantity of eating mediated the relationship between controlled motivation and bulimic symptoms. Finally, in Manuscript #4, we tested a longitudinal model (N = 230) examining the roles of goals and motivation in the prediction of the strategies and various types of eating and the effects of adopting these behaviors on life satisfaction over a 3-month period. Results revealed that intrinsic goals were positively associated with autonomous motivation whereas extrinsic goals were positively associated with controlled motivation for eating regulation at Time 1 (the baseline), and that autonomous motivation positively predicted quality strategies whereas controlled motivation positively predicted quantity strategies at Time 2 (1 month). Planning and self-monitoring quality then predicted healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors, whereas planning and self-monitoring quantity predicted bulimic symptoms at Time 3 (3 months). Finally, healthy eating was positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas bulimic symptoms was negatively associated with life satisfaction at Time 3. Overall, this thesis increases knowledge on why some women succeed, whereas others fail, to regulate their eating behaviors over time.
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Hill, Don. "Mathematics teacers' strategies for supporting students' metacognitive development: Has theory been realized in practice?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19132.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) how mathematics instructors develop their students’ metacognitive abilities concretely within mathematics instruction and (2) whether these teachers feel adequately prepared to develop their students’ metacognitive abilities. Qualitative email interviews with credentialed secondary school mathematics teachers in Sweden were used. Analysis of the participants’ interview responses indicate that the participants reported a limited use of the metacognitive teaching strategies described in the research. Although teacher responses indicated stress, frustration, and irritation and their responses indicated limited proficiency in their intuitive declarative metacognitive knowledge of thinking skills, whether or not teachers feel adequately prepared to develop their students’ metacognitive abilities cannot be completely answered by this study.
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Eldaly, Mohamed Khaled. "Effects of the new regulations of the audit profession on the audit firms' strategies." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294283.
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The audit firms play an important role in the capital markets by verifying that auditors provide reliable information to the decision makers. However, trust in auditing firms has been questioned following Enron‘s failure and accounting scandals at WorldCom and other companies. As a result, Arthur Anderson failed and the number of big audit firms fell to four firms and no one knows who might be next. Defond and Francis (2005) believe that a critical trigger occurred when Deloitte & Touch issued a “clean” peer review report on Arthur Andersen in December 2001, just a few weeks before Andersen publicly announced that it had shredded documents related to Enron audit. The credibility and integrity of the profession‘s self-regulation program was immediately in doubt. To protect public interests and to restore confidence in the capital markets, the USA government issued the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. Similarly, the Financial Reporting Council in the UK provided the Professional Oversight Board with similar mission. This thesis aims to explore the role of independent audit regulators in promoting confidence in the audit profession, and analyse the big four firms’ strategies that react toward these regulatory changes in the audit markets. The lack of studies in this area supports the use of grounded theory as a research methodology. 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the top management level of the audit regulators and big four firms’ partners. This study contributes to the literature as it provides a better understanding of the satisfaction of the big four audit firms toward the new independent regulators, and how these firms react toward the additional requirements of the independent inspectors.
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Fridlund, Sandra. "Lärares strategier för att skapa yttre motivation i matematik samt idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52257.
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Tidigare forskning visar på problematiken beträffande elevers motivation i skolan. Problematiken som framgår är att fler elever är omotiverade till att delta i matematik samt idrott och hälsa än för några år sedan. Tidigare forskning lyfter även fram vikten av att det är lärarnas främsta ansvar att motivera eleverna i skolan. Tidigare forskning lyfter fram att motivation påverkar elevernas delaktighet i undervisningen. Syftet med studien är att skaffa bredare förståelse för vilka strategier lärare använder för att skapa yttre motivation i ämnet matematik samt idrott och hälsa. För att besvara syftet och forskningsfrågorna har observationer, ostrukturerade intervjuer, fältanteckningar och ljudinspelning används som datainsamlingsmetod. Tre metodfrågor har även det varit till hjälp för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Det teoretiska ramverket som använts i studien är Self-determination theory. Det genomfördes ett urval av det insamlade materialet där den yttre motivationen kunde identifieras. Analysen visade på att alla typer av yttre motivation (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation) användes i undervisningen. Analysavsnittet visade även på att lärarna använde strategierna i olika hög grad i respektive ämne. Det innebar att den yttre motivationen kunde identifieras mer under idrottslektionerna än på matematiklektionerna. Likheter och skillnader mellan matematikundervisningen och idrottsundervisningen har även identifierats beträffande de olika typerna av yttre motivation.The first part of this review is regarding the lack of motivation amongst pupils in school. Bottom line in this review is about how motivation has an influence in the participation in the pupil’s education. Pervious research shows that motivation affects the participation in education. Previous research also showed that teachers have a responsibility to motivate pupils in school. The pupil’s motivation in education has a big influence of the participation in class. The purpose is to investigate which strategies teachers use to motivate pupils in mathematics and physical education. The review used the methods observations, structured interviews, notes and sound recording to answer the purpose and research questions. Self-determination theory has used a framework in the review. A selection has been done, from the collected material, which proved to be external motivation. The analyse shows that every type of external motivation was visible (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation) in education. The analyse section in the review, shows that teachers predomenantly, used motivation in different ways. External motivation been visibility the most in physical education class, than in lecture in math. The results have proved that all the types of external motivation were visible.
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Funke, Michael. "Regulating a Controversy : Inside Stakeholder Strategies and Regime Transition in the Self-Regulation of Swedish Advertising 1950–1971." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260201.
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This thesis concerns the development of the self-regulation of advertising in Sweden from 1950 until 1971. Self-regulation was initiated in the 1930s due to a business desire to regulate fair competition in marketing, and while it initially was a minor operation, the 1950s and 1960s were characterized by extensive development. When self-regulation was overtaken by state policies in 1971, it included several interlocking systems, of which parts survived the introduction of the state regime. The thesis’ aim has been to analyze how the rapid regime transitions in the self-regulation regime can be understood. The existing literature identifies four major transitions that occurred during the studied time period. To understand them, the thesis has studied the policy processes leading up to these transitions. Focus has been on the business interest organizations that controlled the regime and their regulatory strategies. Theoretically, the analysis has departed from the hypothesis that tensions between these organizations, due to their members’ different market interests and varying levels of exposure to regulation and public badwill, to a significant degree informed their strategic choices as well as policy outcomes. The results show that the policy processes preceding the regime transitions were characterized by internal tensions, whereby organizations representing advertisers, and to a lesser degree media carriers, due to their members’ higher level of exposure to regulation and public badwill, successfully supported stronger market policing, while ad agencies, being less exposed, as well as a peak industry organization for the proliferation of marketing largely opposed such measures, preferring a more lenient regulation. However, due to increased exposure to regulation and bad will, the ad agencies finally abandoned their opposition and took the lead in regulatory innovation through the introduction of an extensive clearance program that survived the launch of the state regime, becoming a key component in the co-regulatory structure that followed.
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Lundergan, Ryan W. "Parking regulation strategies and policies to support transit-oriented development." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/365/.
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Walker, Andress. "Corporate Governance Strategies to Improve Organizational Performance in the Accounting Industry." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5806.
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Corporate governance is a leading factor in organizational performance, financial reporting, and stakeholder satisfaction. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that senior managers in the accounting industry implement to enforce corporate governance and improve organizational performance. The conceptual framework for the study was stakeholder theory. The population for this study included 3 senior managers of 3 different organizations in the accounting industry located in western United States. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and from review of documented corporate governance strategies. The data analysis consisted of the following steps: compiling the data, disassembling the data, reassembling the data, interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions. Three themes emerged from this study: corporate governance, laws, rules, and regulations; the role of corporate governance in organizational performance; and effective corporate governance strategies. The results of this study may contribute to social change by improving the quality of employees' work lives. With improved quality of employee work life, employers may benefit from higher productivity, and consumers may experience improved services.
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Sain, Soumit. "Information communication and technology convergence and price strategies : perspective from economic regulation and policy /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2760301&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Hart, Jennifer. "Nontraditional Community College Students' Motivational Regulation in a Blended Core Technology Course." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7163.
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There is a lack of empirical research on the motivational regulation and reactions of higher education students enrolled in blended courses. Studies that target this focus with nontraditional adult learners enrolled in the community college are even more difficult to locate. In this mixed-methods exploratory case study, I explored in what ways nontraditional adult learners' motivational regulation and their motivational reactions to course design relate to their perceived learning experience in a blended technology course with a flipped design. Specifically, I investigated how nontraditional community college students described their goals for participating in a blended course prior to the start of the class, in what ways they utilized motivational regulation strategies within the course, how they described their motivational reactions to a blended course developed with a flipped design, and how they perceived their goal accomplishments at the end of the course. The following A Priori questions guided my research:
1. In what ways do five nontraditional community college students describe their goals for participating in a blended technology course with a flipped design prior to the start of the class?
2. How do these students describe their motivational regulation experiences in the blended technology course on their responses to the Motivational Regulation Strategies Questionnaire?
3. How do these students perceive the motivational aspects of the course design as measured by the Course Interest Survey?
4. In what ways do these students perceive they achieved their described goals at the end of the course?
I collected quantitative and qualitative data in the Fall semester of 2017 from five purposefully selected nontraditional adult community college learners who voluntarily engaged in the inquiry. I used several data collection instruments throughout the study. I collected quantitative data via three questionnaires: (1) a Demographics, Goals, and Interest Survey (2) the Motivational Regulation Strategies questionnaire, and (3) the Course Interest Survey. I gathered qualitative data through (1) participant electronic journals, (2) semi-structured interviews and (3) a researcher's reflective journal.
There are both practical and theoretical implications to this study. The results of this research suggest guidelines on how to design an effective blended course for nontraditional students enrolled in the community college arena. The information gleaned might be used to further develop and redesign future blended courses for nontraditional community college students who seek alternative modes of content delivery for the purposes of continued learning and convenience of integration into their busy lifestyles.
The findings from this study contribute to at least two bodies of empirical research literature: (1) motivational regulation strategies employed by nontraditional community college students and the (2) development of blended courses with motivational design to help nontraditional community college adult learners obtain their learning goals.
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Granger, Benjamin P. "Enhancing Training Outcomes in the Context of e-Learning: The Impact of Objective Learner Control, Training Content Complexity, Cognitive Load, Learning Goal Orientation, and Metacognitive Strategies." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4326.
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Learner-controlled e-learning has become a preferred medium for the delivery of organizational training. While e-learning offers organizations and trainees many advantages, it also comes with several potential disadvantages. The aim of this study was to explore the relative efficacy of learner- and program-controlled e-learning for content that differs in its complexity. This study also explored cognitive load as a differential mediator of the interaction between learner control and training content complexity for predicting cognitive and behavioral learning outcomes. Finally, learning goal orientation was explored as a motivational individual difference that helps learners cope with complex, learner-controlled e-learning environments. Results suggest that while there is little difference between learners in learner- and program-controlled e-learning environments for content that is relatively simple in nature, complex, learner-controlled e-learning environments are detrimental to cognitive learning relative to complex, program-controlled environments. Moreover, the results suggest that this interaction is differentially mediated by cognitive load, suggesting that complex, learner-controlled environments induce high cognitive demands onto learners which ultimately inhibit cognitive learning. Finally, learning goal orientation was identified as more facilitative individual difference in learner-controlled e-learning environments relative to program-controlled and simple training environments. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Books on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Klochko, Ol'ga, Irina Kratko, Svetlana Rastvorceva, Grigoriy Kalachigin, Vladimir Zuev, Elena Ostrovskaya, Evgeniy Kanaev, et al. Global Business environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1817802.
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The textbook outlines the most significant and relevant trends taking place in the modern world economy, and examines their impact on the activities of international companies.
Section I is devoted to the study of the basic concepts, sources of competitiveness and strategies for conducting international business. Section III examines the key changes taking place in the system of multilateral regulation of foreign trade and the principles of regulation of modern methods of making trade transactions. Section III highlights the specifics of the activities of international companies in the context of financial globalization, examines the basics of regulating their investment activities and sources of financing. Section IV outlines the impact of the most relevant trends on international business: digitalization and technological development, global value chains, environmental aspects and sustainable development.
It is intended for students of bachelor's degree programs in the field of Economics, containing specializations in the world economy or international business.
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Andrichenko, Lyudmila, Aleksandor Postnikov, Liya Vasil'eva, Zhanna Gaunova, Saria Nanba, Elena Nikitina, Dmitriy Pashencev, Inna Plyugina, and Natal'ya Hludeneva. Legal regulation of interethnic relations in the Russian Federation: problems of theory and practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1842506.
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The scientific and practical manual analyzes the issues of legal regulation of almost all areas of implementation of the state national policy defined in the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, in order to ensure the interests of the state, society, man and citizen, strengthening the state unity and integrity of the Russian Federation.
The subject of the book is determined by the system of building the legal foundations of state national policy in accordance with the principles of federalism and local self-government, taking into account international standards and the experience of legislative regulation of foreign countries. The study was conducted in the context of the transformations of Russian legislation related to the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. Solutions are proposed to a number of legal issues of the implementation of the state
national policy, which can increase its effectiveness.
For state and municipal employees, specialists in the field of state national policy, researchers, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions, as well as a wide range of readers.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.
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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture.
At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy.
The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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Savel'eva, Ekaterina. Digital labor platforms: new forms of labor organization and regulation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1818511.
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The monograph presents an extensive study of new forms of labor organization in the context of the development of technical, technological, financial, economic and socio-cultural factors. The distinctive features of digital labor platforms, their classification, as well as the strategies of key players in the global and Russian-speaking distance labor markets are given. Based on the analysis of current international analytical reviews, foreign and domestic scientific publications, current legislation and court decisions, the author gives approaches and methods of regulatory regulation of platform labor.
The author does not ignore such controversial issues as: direct and indirect methods of state influence on the activities of digital labor platforms, problems of social responsibility, as well as prospects for the development of platform cooperativism in the world and Russia as an alternative to labor platforms focused on the global level.
It is of interest to researchers, government authorities, teachers of higher educational institutions, graduate students and students studying these problems.
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Moiseeva, Nina, and Sergey Oleynik. Economic fundamentals of logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439631.
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The textbook outlines a wide range of issues of logistics economics. The methods and strategies of pricing in supply chains, logistics costs, including the costs of cross-border logistics, and ways of accounting, analysis and regulation; evaluation of the efficiency of the use of logistics systems resources; features of business planning and accounting for the risks of investment decisions in logistics. Along with the presentation of the theoretical foundations and methodological features of logistics economics, the textbook contains practical examples, control questions and tests to consolidate the educational material.
It is addressed to students of all levels of training — bachelor's, specialist, master's and postgraduate studies, studying in the areas of "Economics" and "Management", and will also be useful to logistics specialists to improve their qualification level.
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Leonardi, Laura, ed. Flessicurezza/Flexiseguridad. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-097-6.
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The strategy of flexicurity was adopted as a model by the European Union and proposed to all the Member States as a solution for addressing the challenges connected with the competitiveness and instability of the markets, with a view to enhancing employment levels and maintaining social cohesion. The various contributions in this book analyse the concept of flexicurity and its effective feasibility in different institutional contexts, in particular Italy and Spain and – at regional level – in Tuscany and Catalonia. The consequence of the variety of employment and social security models is that the meanings and manifestations of flexicurity are highly divergent, even in cases as analogous as Spain and Italy, since the different contexts generate significant differences. The overall analysis demonstrates that the forms of regulation and organisation of the social institutions, and their complementary nature, have a major impact on the relations between forms of flexibility and security, and do not always give rise to the virtuous process of flexicurity.
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van Hooft, Edwin. Self-Regulatory Perspectives in the Theory of Planned Job Search Behavior: Deliberate and Automatic Self-Regulation Strategies to Facilitate Job Seeking. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.31.
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Because job search often is a lengthy process accompanied by complexities, disruptions, rejections, and other adversities, job seekers need self-regulation to initiate and maintain job search behaviors for obtaining employment goals. This chapter reviews goal/intention properties (e.g., specificity, proximity, conflicts, motivation type) and skills, beliefs, strategies, and capacities (e.g., self-monitoring skills and type, trait and momentary self-control capacity, nonlimited willpower beliefs, implementation intentions, goal-shielding and goal maintenance strategies) that facilitate self-regulation and as such may moderate the relationship between job search intentions and job search behavior. For each moderator, a theoretical rationale is developed based on self-regulation theory linked to the theory of planned job search behavior, available empirical support is reviewed, and future research recommendations are provided. The importance of irrationality and nonconscious processes is discussed; examples are given of hypoegoic self-regulation strategies that reduce the need for deliberate self-regulation and conscious control by automatizing job search behaviors.
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Giles, Cynthia. Next Generation Compliance. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197656747.001.0001.
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Abstract Nearly everyone accepts as gospel two assumptions: compliance with environmental rules is good, and enforcement is responsible for making compliance happen. Both are wrong. In fact, serious violations of environmental regulations are widespread, and by far the most important driver of compliance results is not enforcement but the structure of the rule itself. In Next Generation Compliance: Environmental Regulation for the Modern Era, Cynthia Giles shows that well-designed regulations deploying creative strategies to make compliance the default can achieve excellent implementation outcomes. Poorly designed rules that create many opportunities to evade, obfuscate, or ignore will have dismal performance that no amount of enforcement will ever fix. Rampant violations have real consequences: unhealthy air, polluted water, contaminated drinking water, exposure to dangerous chemicals, and unrestrained climate-forcing pollution. They also land hardest on already overburdened communities—that’s why Next Gen and environmental justice are tightly linked. The good news is there are tools to build much better compliance into regulations, including many tested strategies that can be the building blocks of programs that withstand the inevitable pressures of real life. Next Generation Compliance shows how regulators can avoid the compliance calamities that plague far too many environmental rules today, a lesson that is particularly urgent for regulations tackling climate change. It has an optimistic message: there are ways to ensure reliable results, if regulators jettison incorrect assumptions and design rules that are resilient to the mess and complexity of the real world.
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Falk, Bareket, and Raffy Dotan. Temperature regulation. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0014.
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Under all but the most extreme environmental heat conditions, children control their body temperature (at rest and during exercise) as well as adults. Children, however, use a different thermoregulatory strategy. Compared with adults, children rely more on dry heat dissipation and less on evaporative cooling (sweating). Their larger skin surface-area relative to mass does put children at increasing disadvantage, relative to adults, as ambient temperatures rise above skin temperature. Similarly, they become increasingly disadvantaged upon exposure to decreasing temperatures below the thermo-neutral zone. Like adults, children inadvertently dehydrate while exercising in hot conditions and are often hypohydrated, even before exercise, and their core temperature rises considerably more than adults in response to a given fluid (sweat) loss, which may put them at higher risk for heat-related injury. However, epidemiological data show rates of both heat- and cold-related injuries among children and adolescents as similar or lower than at any other age.
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Baldwin, Robert, and Martin Cave. Taming the Corporation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836186.001.0001.
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Virtually all enterprises are regulated in a host of ways and regulation is crucial not merely to economic success but to protecting consumer, worker, environmental, and an array of other interests. Regulation, though, is often seen negatively: as a tiresome interference with entrepreneurial activity. This negative vision is unhelpful in addressing business and other needs for productive forms of regulation. Taming the Corporation offers an alternative, positive, vision of regulation. It stresses the role of good regulation in allowing businesses to flourish, serve markets effectively, and respect broader interests. This paves the way for more productive regulatory designs. It looks at the characteristics of good regulation and provides businesses, consumers, and citizens with the arguments that they need when they push for regulatory controls that serve their needs. Understandings of regulation are also served by looking at the potentially positive roles of control strategies ranging from ‘command laws’ to ‘nudges’. The book, in addition, provides a more detailed examination of three key regulatory challenges in the modern world: regulating for sustainability; addressing global warming; and controlling digital platforms. Taming the Corporation offers a new vision of regulation—as a positive way to steer corporate power in productive and useful directions. It turns the traditional regulation discussion on its head. Regulatory theories are discussed but the book also uses numerous case examples to illustrate and address real life challenges.
Book chapters on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Timan, Tjerk, Charlotte van Oirsouw, and Marissa Hoekstra. "The Role of Data Regulation in Shaping AI: An Overview of Challenges and Recommendations for SMEs." In The Elements of Big Data Value, 355–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68176-0_15.
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AbstractIn recent debates around the regulation of artificial intelligence, its foundations, being data, are often overlooked. In order for AI to have any success but also for it to become transparent, explainable and auditable where needed, we need to make sure the data regulation and data governance around it is of the highest quality standards in relation to the application domain. One of the challenges is that AI regulation might – and needs to – rely heavily on data regulation, yet data regulation is highly complex. This is both a strategic problem for Europe and a practical problematic: people, institutions, governments and companies might increasingly need and want data for AI, and both will affect each other technically, socially but also regulatory. At the moment, there is an enormous disconnect between regulating AI, because this happens mainly through ethical frameworks, and concrete data regulation. The role of data regulation seems to be largely ignored in the AI ethics debate, Article 22 GDPR being perhaps the only exception. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of current data regulations that serve as inroads to fill this gap.
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Broom, Donald M. "EU regulations and the current position of animal welfare." In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy, 147–55. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0147.
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Abstract In most countries of the world, sustainability issues are viewed by the public as of increasing importance and animal welfare is perceived to be both a public good and a key aspect of these issues. European Union animal welfare policy and legislation on animal welfare has helped animals, has had much positive influence in the world and has improved the public image of the EU. Health is a key part of welfare and the one-health and one-welfare approaches emphasize that these terms mean the same for humans and non-humans. The animals that humans use are described as sentient beings in EU legislation. Scientific information about animal welfare, like that produced by EFSA, is used in the formulation of the wide range of EU animal welfare laws. The European Commission has an animal welfare strategy including the Animal Welfare Platform. However, most kinds of animals kept in the EU are not covered by legislation, and they are subject to some of the worst animal welfare problems, so a general animal welfare law and specific laws on several species are needed. Animal sentience and welfare should be mentioned, using accurate scientific terminology, in many trade-related laws as well as in animal-specific laws.
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Chakwizira, James. "Regulatory Frameworks, Policies, Norms and Standards." In Green Economy in the Transport Sector, 79–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86178-0_7.
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AbstractThis chapter provides a review of policies, strategies, and regulations in the transport sector. The narrative plays out in terms of outlining national, provincial, and local application dimensions and impacts of transport using green transport lenses. The different application scales for transport policies, strategies and regulations as enunciated through different spheres of government constitutes the main thread of the discussion. In any case, the impact and outcomes of government and non-governmental transport intervention are discussed from a green transport perspective. Complementary to this, the role and scope for norms and standards in promoting green transport policy, innovation and activities is outlined. A thematic approach is used in unpacking green transport issues with respect to transport in Limpopo province. The analysis is anchored within the green transport systems theory of innovation framework.
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Dayé, Christian, Armin Spök, Andrew C. Allan, Tomiko Yamaguchi, and Thorben Sprink. "Social Acceptability of Cisgenic Plants: Public Perception, Consumer Preferences, and Legal Regulation." In Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences, 43–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10721-4_3.
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AbstractPart of the rationale behind the introduction of the term cisgenesis was the expectation that due to the “more natural” character of the genetic modification, cisgenic plants would be socially more acceptable than transgenic ones. This chapter assesses whether this expectation was justified. It thereby addresses three arenas of social acceptability: public perception, consumer preferences, and legal regulation. Discussing and comparing recent studies from four geographical areas across the globe—Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia and New Zealand—the chapter shows that the expectation was justified, and that cisgenic plants are treated as being more acceptable than other forms of genetic modification. Yet, there are considerable differences across the three arenas of social acceptability. In Australia, Canada, and the United States of America, the legal regulation of cisgenic plants is less restrictive than in Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. Also, the public perceptions are rather diverse across these countries, as are the factors that are deemed most influential in informing public opinion and consumer decisions. While people in North America appear to be most interested in individual benefits of the products (improved quality, health aspects), Europeans are more likely to accept cisgenic plants and derived products if they have a proven environmental benefit. In New Zealand, in contrast, the potential impact of cisgenic plants on other, more or less related markets, like meat export and tourism, is heavily debated. We conclude with some remarks about a possible new arrangement between science and policy that may come about with a new, or homogenized, international regulatory regime.
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Stewart Jr, C. Neal. "Controlling transgene flow from engineered crops to unintended hosts by molecular approaches." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 118–24. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0008.
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Abstract For most transgenic crops, the purported ecological risk from transgenic-host hybridization and introgression to unintended host species is negligible. Nonetheless, there remains a risk-associated focus on the potential for gene flow in the governance and regulation of crop biotechnology. Because of uncertainties in the large world of biology as well as regulatory certainties (regulations will likely not diminish), researchers and stakeholders have a great interest in eliminating or substantially decreasing gene flow from transgenic crops. To that end, numerous approaches have been investigated for limiting transgene flow via hybridization and introgression to unintended hosts. While such bioconfinement may be accomplished by ecological and management strategies as discussed elsewhere in this book, this chapter focuses on mitigating unintended gene flow from engineered crops by way of genetic engineering itself. The chapter will mainly discuss the manipulation of relatively simple means to alter plant sexual reproduction and plant growth and development to control transgene flow, with the desired outcome being the prevention of transgenes from moving and/or introgression into free-living unintended hosts. These approaches include: (i) decreasing or delaying flowering; (ii) eliminating pollen production via male sterility or selective male sterility; (iii) removing transgenes from pollen or eggs by gene use restriction technologies; and (iv) kill switches. Emerging synthetic biology approaches that may be used for transgene bioconfinement are explored. Taken together, the same molecular biology strategies that are used to improve crops can also help assure their biosafety.
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Ullah, Nimat, and Jan Treur. "Better Late than Never: A Multilayer Network Model Using Metaplasticity for Emotion Regulation Strategies." In Complex Networks and Their Applications VIII, 697–708. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36683-4_56.
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Tuncel, Cem Okan. "Sectoral System of Innovation and Technological Upgrading Strategies." In Economic Behavior, Game Theory, and Technology in Emerging Markets, 289–322. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4745-9.ch016.
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Latecomer sectors in late-industrializing economies follow different patterns in their development and growth processes, which largely determine the share acquired from the global value chain. The development and growth process of the sectors are generally argued to be the result of the interaction of a macro-level specific institutional context (e.g., system of intellectual property rights, labor market regulations) and micro-level firm strategic choices. In this study, the authors argue that meso-level sectoral systems also play a critical role in the development and growth process of latecomer sectors. Accordingly, they attempt to integrate three theoretical perspectives: Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm, Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI) perspective, and Technological Capability Perspective (TCP) for late industrializing economies to explain the relative developmental failure of the Turkish automotive industry compared to other successful latecomer industries such as the South Korean automotive industry. In light of theoretical framework, the authors investigate sectoral technological upgrading trajectory and compare Korean and Turkish automotive industry development paths using the case study method. They conclude by discussing how a multilevel framework that takes into account the systemic factors can guide research on sectoral development in late-industrializing countries. In light of a comparative historical analysis of development of the Turkish and Korean automotive industries, it is argued that a pace of industrial transformation can be accelerated by multilevel proactive state intervention.
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Aalam, Ahmad A., Kareem A. Osman, and Aaron Martin. "Telehealth Adoption and Patient Engagement." In A Practical Guide to Emergency Telehealth, edited by Dean Smith, 39–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066475.003.0004.
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Successful implementation of telehealth services should incorporate adoption and engagement strategies for all key stakeholders, including clinicians, patients, and administration, to maximize utilization and benefit. These strategies should be included in an implementation plan developed by an invested leadership team. This team will build the infrastructure, bring resources, assess their institution and population needs, and review policies and regulations needed to execute their strategic plan. Successful telehealth programs live within a comprehensive digital engagement and population health strategy. In this chapter we examine multiple tools and concepts to drive adoption and engagement from each stakeholder’s perspective.
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Ebrahim, Rabab, Sumathi Kumaraswamy, and Yomna Abdulla. "FinTech in Banks." In Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking, 100–109. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3257-7.ch006.
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There has been an extensive boost in the use of FinTech in the Banking sector during the last few years. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the new opportunities offered by FinTech to the banking sector, its prospective risks, and the possible challenges to be faced in its adaptation. The authors propose that the new opportunities of FinTech include better digital banking experience, personalized customer services, high-level data security, cost-effective, and efficient services. On the other hand, FinTech results in risks such as security risk, technical risk, regulation risk, financial risk, and reputation risk. Finally, they suggest that the possible challenges of FinTech are a technological adaptation, risk reduction, regulations, and human capital employment.
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"Concept of Self-Regulation in Systemic-Structural Activity Theory and Strategies of Task Performance." In Self-Regulation in Activity Theory, 525–92. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18012-25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Barnett, Nicholas, Annamarie Murray, Nicholas Ouellette, and Michael Snyder. "Regional Strategy for the Implementation of Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87195.
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Natural gas as a transportation fuel is a practical and viable replacement for petroleum based fuels. To implement natural gas fuel technologies, strategic plans must be put in place by city, state, and national agencies to not only fund the technology with monetary investments but also fund the social change to encourage long term technology growth. With the discovery and exploration of the Marcellus Shale the potential for natural gas infiltration as a fuel into the transportation market has grown exponentially. The region of interest for this specific plan focuses on a 150 mile radius around the Pittsburgh metropolis as the initial test bed region of interest. This region lies upon the Marcellus Shale and therefore there is a positive push towards the use of natural gas fueled by local interest. This region has the intellectual knowhow from universities and government agencies alike to develop technologies from theoretical design to product deployment. To ensure an effective and successful strategy the methodology of this investigation was one which looked to the past, present and the future. Past strategies were studied to determine what key features lead to success, the present was explored to define what laws and regulations are in place which affects the new technologies, and the future benefits of a successful implementation were hypothesized based on economic theory. The proposed strategy is a closed loop operation; meaning one industrious customer is temporarily both the supply and the demand chain of the technology. Public and private investments are vital to a successful implementation in the region by steering social awareness and subsidizing the market.
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Holzerová, Patrícia, and Zuzana Čičková. "Forms of State Aid and the Importance of its Regulation." In 27th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-406-7_227.
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The direction of the company's operation and success in the market are related to number of strategic decisions from the moment of entering the market. One of the most important topics that companies have to deal with is financing business activities, which is not always easy and sometimes they have to reach for possible forms of help. These are mostly state aid and subsidies, effective tools that not only serve the beneficiaries by influencing their market presence and enabling to increase their competitiveness, but at the same time, they are effective for the provider, as they allow it to enter the market developments in accordance with its stated aims and intensions. However, this can lead to distortions of competition, for example by favoring certain companies, regions or types of services and goods. The presence of coordinators and regulatory authorities monitoring the use of such measures for the benefit of businesses within established criteria is therefore very important. In Slovakia this competence falls to the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic. Our paper focuses on topic of state aid in individual areas of the economy with regard to its control and regulation, which is one of the tools of competition policy.
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ZHOU, HONG, and JUN-GUO QIAO. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF ENTERPRISES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35636.
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The 11th Five-Year Plan of China has established obligatory targets for main pollutant emissions while the completion of the targets has been associated with the achievements of local officials. With the full implementation of this plan, many enterprises began to take forward-looking environmental protection strategies to cope with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Most of the existing literature have systematically studied the impact of environmental regulation from the perspective of industry or region, but they have not considered the dynamic response of enterprises to environmental regulation. The research on the economic consequences of enterprises adopting forward-looking environmental protection strategies for environmental protection investment at the micro level is relatively insufficient. This paper uses the data of China's listed manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2017 to study the effect of environmental protection investment on their business performance of enterprises. The results show that environmental protection investment has a positive cumulative effect on company’s business performance, especially in non-state-owned enterprises. Based on this conclusion, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions to promote enterprises to implement forward-looking environmental protection strategy and gain competitive advantage.
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Semenova, Viktoriia. "Entry Dynamics of Startup Companies and the Drivers of Their Growth in the Nascent Blockchain Industry." In New Horizons in Business and Management Studies. Conference Proceedings. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-867-1_13.
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The purpose of the paper is to discuss the characteristics of the blockchain (hereinafter “BT”) industry and factors that affect the success of BT-based startup companies. Due to the novelty of BT technology, the current period of its development is associated with a high number of newly emerging firms that are predominant in the BT industry. The study seeks to address the two main research questions: What are the key characteristics of the BT industry? What are the factors that determine the success of BT-based companies? To answer these questions, the method of the systematic literature review was applied. The discussion of the reviewed 43 publications led to the classification of literature sources into six categories, including research streams on BT in the contexts of entrepreneurial finance, institutional theory, digital and social entrepreneurship, business models, and international business. The results suggested that the early success of the BT-based startups’ entry and growth related to the supportive entrepreneurial environments, a greater degree of regulatory clarity, the formation of strategic associations, entrepreneur’s active engagement in sharing expertise and shaping the regulations and standards, a profound business model, and experienced management. It is recommended that policymakers should support the creation of new ventures and the transfer of knowledge about BT. Managers of established companies should cooperate with startups to adopt BT applications into their business models. Future research should be based on empirical research studies, namely cluster analysis, to identify the determinants of success/failure of BT-enabled startup firms. This paper contributes to BT research and the literature on the emergence of new industrial fields and ventures.
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BERMANIS, Raimonds, Inga STRAUPE, and Andra ZVIRBULE. "EUROPEAN UNION FRAMEWORK FOR FORESTRY SUPPORT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.177.
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The Paper covers an analysis of most significant European Union (EU) legal acts regulating financial support granted for private forestry over the period of 2014-2020, coherence to support measures implemented in Latvia for a certain period. The review consists of two main legal acts from the EU - Forest Strategy for forests and the forest-based sector and the EU regulation No. 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on support for rural development by the European Agriculture Fund for Rural development, while from the national perspective, the review was prepared for Latvia’s Rural development programme (NRDP) for the period 2014-2020 and national regulations issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia. The paper focuses on the support measures intended to foster and develop forestry sector, evaluating priorities and expected results laid down in the EU documents, versus measures implemented in Latvia through the NRDP 2014-2020, related to national regulations and rules of the responsible state authorities. The analysis contains several groups of measures applicable for private forestry: 1) Information, advice, knowledge and efficiency; 2) Forestry activities; 3) Investments in forestry; 4) Nature care. Not all the measures which may be introduced according to the EU regulations No. 1305/2013 were implemented for private forestry support in Latvia, also several in the NRDP 2014-2020 affordable measures were not introduced practically till November 2017, but regarding those which have already been implemented, their impact on forestry development should be further estimated.
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Shih, Hui-Ru, Wei Zheng, Pao-Chiang Yuan, and Richterica Tukiya Ford. "Development of Self Regulation Skills and Academic Self-Efficacy Beliefs." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50343.
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In engineering and technology education, increasing concerns about student retention have led educators to pursue possible explanations for students’ academic successes and failures. Educators need to maintain students’ learning interest and motivation and increase their self-efficacy and learning persistence. Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) is a specific form of learning. “Self-regulated” describes a process of taking control of and evaluating one’s own learning and behavior. SRL is guided by meta-cognition, strategic action, and motivation to learn. With SRL, students can evaluate their study and learning strategies. Self-regulated learners also hold incremental beliefs about intelligence and attribute their successes or failures to factors within their control. The application of self-regulation to learning is a complicated process involving not only the awareness and application of learning strategies but also extensive reflection and self-awareness. Training programs that promote SRL have been found to be beneficial for students’ learning. This paper describes the design and development of the SRL instructional strategies, their implementation, and the evaluation of their effectiveness. Students also learned about the brain and how it forms new connections every time they learn something new. The outcomes are provided and recommendations are discussed.
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Crăciun, Cerasella, and Atena Ioana Gârjoabă. "Integration of Instruments for the Protection of Natural Protected Areas in Urban and Biodiversity Strategies and in Urban Planning Regulations." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/15.
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Approximately 75% of the urban settlements in Romania are superimposed or are tangent to at least one natural protected area, these not being integrated from the point of view of their regulation in the urban strategies and in the urban planning regulations. From a spatial point of view, this type of relationship often represents a contrast between the urban fabric and the quasi-natural fabric. However, in the regulatory or strategy instruments for the development of urban settlements, where such contrasts exist, they are only integrated at the border level. The ecotone is, in most cases, the only element mentioned in urban planning instruments and is approached as a land that can only function in isolation and that in no way can support urban development. This reluctance and fear of approaching natural protected areas, also negatively influences the conception of the community, investors and the administration. Urban actors are not informed and therefore not motivated, but neither do they have the opportunity to get involved in the conservation and protection process. The purpose of this article is to research urban and biodiversity strategies at E.U level, to identify gaps in the formulation of urban planning tools, what are the reasons behind generating these gaps and how they can be eliminated, or at least mitigated. The analysis will focus on some models of urban strategies which address natural protected areas, but will also consider related elements, directly related to their conservation, urban ecology and the involvement in the process of urban actors.
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AlSanad, Shaikha. "Overcoming the Critical Barriers to Implementing Sustainable Concept in Kuwait Cement Manufacturing." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0850.
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<p>Nowadays, the sustainability has become a driver for effectiveness in essentially all manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, this concept has become crucial to research and business practice since of prompt depletion of disquiets over affluence inequality and natural resources and corporate social responsibility. As the interest in sustainable development grows, the cement industry essential be able to support sustainable development, environmentally responsibility, balancing economic prosperity, social equity. Cement is a vital construction material and a strategic commodity in the construction sector. Nevertheless, the cement industries are facing challenges to implement sustainable manufacturing into their products and processes. This paper is seeks to address and examine the barriers and challenge toward the sustainable manufacturing supposed to be suitable to the cement industry from the perspectives of the construction stakeholders. Accordingly, study data was collected through a semi structure questionnaire survey of randomly selected professionals in cement factory in Kuwait. The output results demonstration that crucial barriers towards practices of sustainable cement factory for instance shortage of local environmental regulations, Inadequate regulation support, political decision makers, and clients , lack of strategy to promote sustainable construction, and lack of environmental awareness by the industry.</p>
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da Silva, George Rodrigues, and Marina Elisabete Espinho Tavares. "The Petroleum Refining Regulation in Brazil and the ISO 14000 Standard: Can the Volunteer Become Compulsory?" In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/ee-29139.
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Firstly, the main regulatory characteristics of the Brazilian petroleum and natural gas industry are presented, with emphasis in the oil refining segment. Secondly, it is stood out the binomial “technical standards” versus “regulation acts.” It is worth to point out that the last ones are compulsory and they can be written considering technical standards as a basis. Finally, it is outlined the Brazilian Petroleum National Agency strategy for elaboration of refinery regulations, focusing on the adopted prescriptions for environment damage prevention and protection.
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D. Weerakkody, Niranjala. "More Dominant in their Inactivity: Consumer Response and the Adoption of Digital TV in Australia." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2686.
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After much hesitation, discussion, and power brokering, Australia adopted digital TV for its Free-to air broadcasting on January 1, 2001. However, by December 2002, only a few thousand homes had adopted the technology. This paper examines the implementation and regulation of digital TV in Australia from the point of view of the ‘established base’ the new technology will replace, theories on diffusion and innovation of new technologies, and the Justification Model, which sees technology choice as social gambling. It then evaluates the various protectionist regulations and limitations imposed on the technology to safeguard the various stakeholders, the implementation strategies used, lack of digital content, marketing efforts, negative media coverage, and the economic realities of the technology, and argues that if consumers reject the technology altogether, it would lead to Australia missing the future applications of digital technology and the opportunity to address the issue of the ‘digital divide’ in the 21st century.
Reports on the topic "Strategic Regulations Theory"
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Fernandez, Katya, and Cathleen Clerkin. The Stories We Tell: Why Cognitive Distortions Matter for Leaders. Center for Creative Leadership, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2021.2045.
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"This study explored whether leaders’ thought patterns (specifically cognitive distortions) and emotion regulation strategies (specifically cognitive reappraisal, cognitive defusion, and expressive suppression) relate to their work experiences. Findings suggest that leaders’ cognitive distortions are related to their work experiences and that emotion regulation strategies can help leaders mitigate the effects of cognitive distortions. More specifically, the results of this study offer the following insights: • Leaders’ cognitive distortions related to all examined workplace topics (role ambiguity, role conflict, social support, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and burnout). • Leaders’ use of emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and cognitive defusion) mitigated the impact their cognitive distortions had on burnout, specifically. • Attempting to suppress emotional responses was relatively ineffective compared to the other two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and cognitive defusion). These insights suggest that certain emotion regulation strategies may be helpful in ameliorating the deleterious effects of cognitive distortions on leaders’ burnout. The current paper provides an overview of the different cognitive distortions and emotion regulation strategies explored and includes advice on what leaders can do to more effectively notice and manage cognitive distortions that emerge during distressing situations. "
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.
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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Lers, Amnon, and Pamela J. Green. LX Senescence-Induced Ribonuclease in Tomato: Function and Regulation. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586455.bard.
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Natural leaf senescence, which occurs even when growth conditions are near optimal, has a negative influence on yield. Postharvest induced senescence contributes to the losses of quality in flowers, foliage, and vegetables. Strategies designed to control the senescence process in crop plants could therefore have great applied significance. However, the successful design of such strategies requires a better insight into the senescence machinery and control in higher plants. A main feature of senescence is the hydrolysis of macromolecules by hydrolases of various types such as ribonucleases (RNases) and proteases. Previously we had identified and characterized the tomato LX RNase gene demonstrating its transcript to be highly and specifically induced during senescence. This reported study was focused on LX but also had broadened our research to other senescence-associated nucleic acids degrading enzymes to learn about their function and the regulation of their encoding genes. Beside tomato we used parsley and Arabidopsis for the study of: the bi-functional nuclease which has a role in senescence. The study of different senescence- associated nucleases in few plant systems will allow a more general view on function and regulation of these enzymes in senescence. The specific original proposed objectives included: 1. Study the consequences of alterations in LX RNase level on tomato leaf senescence and general development; 2. Analyze stimuli which may participate in senescence-specific activation of the LX gene; 3. Clone the senescence-associated BFNI nuclease gene homologue from tomato. 4. Further characterize the sequences required for senescence-specific gene expression. Homozygous transgenic plants in which LX gene was either inhibited or over-expressed were generated. In both of these LX mutated plants no major phenotypic consequences were observed, which may suggests that LX is not essential for plant growth under optimal growth conditions. Lack of any abnormalities in the LX over-expressing lines suggests that special system exist to allow function of the RNase only when needed. Detailed analyses of growth under stress and consequences to RNA metabolism are underway. We have analyzed LX expression on the protein level demonstrating that it is involved also in petal senescing. Our results suggest that LX is responding to complex regulation involving developmental, organ dependent factors and responds differently to hormonal or environmental stimuli in the different plant organs. The cloned 1.4 kb promoter was cloned and its analysis revealed that probably not all required elements for senescence induction are included. Biochemical analysis of senescence-associated be-functional nucleases in the different plants, tomato, parsley and Arabidopsis, suggests they belong to a sub-class within the type I plant nucleases. The parsley PcNUC1/2 nuclease protein was purified from senescing leaves its and activity was studied in vitro revealing endo-, double strand, nucleolytic activity and exo-nucleolytic activity. Its encoding gene was cloned and found to be induced on the mRNA level. The promoter of the related Arabidopsis BFNI nuclease was shown in both tomato and Arabidopsis to be able and direct senescence-specific expression suggesting that, at least part, the gene is regulated on the transcriptional level and that the mechanism for this senescence-specific regulation is conserved between different plants. Few plants in which the BFNI gene is mutated were identified which are subjected now to detailed analysis. Our results suggest that the senescence-related nucleic acid degrading enzymes share similarities in both function and regulation between different plants and possibly have important functions in processes un-related to senescence. Still, the function of these enzymes, at least in some cases is not essential to plant development under optimal growth conditions. We are now at the stage which permits in depth investigation of the specific functions and mode of molecular regulation of senescence-associated nucleases with the aid of the research tools developed. The isolated senescence-specific promoter, shown to be active in heterologous plant system, could be utilized in agricultural-related biotechnological applications for retardation of senescence.
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Willis, Craig. ECMI Minorities Blog. Could a new level of digitalisation offer minority language media outlets a strategy to attract a wider audience? European Centre for Minority Issues, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/smpx1996.
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Minority language media (MLM) faced significant disruption resulting from the digitalisation processes which brought in increased competition and challenged traditional business models. With a new wave of technological advancements in auto-translation, however, there may be opportunities to grow audience within different speaker groups. This blogpost considers the model of Scottish Gaelic broadcaster BBC Alba, which is sustained by a two-pronged strategy of content for speakers and non-speakers, concluding that other outlets, including newspapers, could utilise auto-translation tools to grow their audience as readership habits evolve. Caution is also expressed towards the possibility of majority-language first practices creeping in out of convenience, serving as a reminder that regulation and public funding must ensure that minority language content is continuously produced, and that the current wave of digitalisation is advantageous for MLM.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695858.bard.
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Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Carolina Caeiro, Harriet Moynihan, Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, and Isabella Wilkinson. Digital trade and digital technical standards. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135133.
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There is increasing impetus for stronger cooperation between the US, EU and UK on digital technology governance. Drivers of this trend include the economic incentives arising from opportunities for digital trade; the ambition for digital technology governance to be underpinned by shared values, including support for a democratic, open and global internet; and the need to respond to geopolitical competition, especially from China. Two specific areas of governance in which there is concrete potential to collaborate, and in which policymakers have indicated significant ambitions to do so, are digital trade and digital technical standards. - To leverage strategic opportunities for digital trade, the US, EU and UK need to continue identifying and promoting principles based on shared values and agendas, and demonstrate joint leadership at the global level, including in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on e-commerce. - Policy actors in the US, EU and UK should work individually and collectively to build on the latest generation of digital trade agreements. This will help to promote closer alignment on digital rules and standards, and support the establishment of more up-to-date models for innovation and governance. - Collaborating on digital technical standards, particularly those underlying internet governance and emerging technologies, offers the US, EU and UK strategic opportunities to build a vision of digital technology governance rooted in multi-stakeholder participation and democratic values. This can provide a strong alternative to standards proposals such as China’s ‘New IP’ system. - Policy actors should seek to expand strategic cooperation on standards development among the US, EU and UK, among like-minded countries, and among states that are undecided on the direction of their technology governance, including in the Global South. They should also take practical steps to incorporate the views and expertise of the technology industry, the broader private sector, academia and civil society. By promoting best-practice governance models that are anticipatory, dynamic and flexible, transatlantic efforts for cooperation on digital regulation can better account for the rapid pace of technological change. Early evidence of this more forward-looking approach is emerging through the EU’s proposed regulation of digital services and artificial intelligence (AI), and in the UK’s proposed legislation to tackle online harms. The recently launched EU-US Trade and Technology Council is a particularly valuable platform for strengthening cooperation in this arena. But transatlantic efforts to promote a model of digital governance predicated on democratic values would stand an even greater chance of success if the council’s work were more connected to efforts by the UK and other leading democracies
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Levin, Ilan, Avtar K. Handa, Avraham Lalazar, and Autar K. Mattoo. Modulating phytonutrient content in tomatoes combining engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587724.bard.
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Fruit constitutes a major component of our diet, providing fiber, vitamins, minerals, and many other phytonutrients that promote good health. Fleshy fruits, such as tomatoes, already contain high levels of several of these ingredients. Nevertheless, efforts have been invested in increasing and diversifying the content of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and flavonoids, in tomato fruits. Increasing levels of phytonutrients, such as lycopene, is highly justified from the perspective of the lycopene extraction industry due to cost effectiveness reasons. Diversifying phytonutrients, in particular those that contribute to fruit color, could potentially provide an array of attractive colors to our diet. Our major goal was to devise a novel strategy for developing tomato fruits with enhanced levels of phytochemicals known to promote good health with special emphasis on lycopene content. A further important goal was to analyze global gene expression of selected genetic lines produced throughout this study in order is to dissect the molecular mechanisms regulating phytonutrients accumulation in the tomato fruit. To achieve these goals we proposed to: 1. combine, by classical breeding, engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic high pigment mutants in order generate tomato plant with exceptionally high levels of phytonutrients; 2. use gene transfer technology for genetic introduction of key genes that promote phytonutrient accumulation in the tomato fruit, 3. Analyze accumulation patterns of the phytonutrients in the tomato fruit during ripening; 4. Analyze global gene expression during fruit ripening in selected genotypes identified in objectives 1 and 2, and 5. Identify and analyze regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast disassembly and chromoplast formation. During the 3 years research period we have carried out most of the research activities laid out in the original proposal and our key conclusions are as follows: 1. the engineered polyamine metabolism strategy proposed by the US collaborators can not increase lycopene content either on its own or in combination with an hp mutant (hp-2ᵈᵍ); 2. The hp-2ᵈᵍ affects strongly the transcriptional profile of the tomato fruit showing a strong tendency for up- rather than down-regulation of genes, 3. Ontology assignment of these miss-regulated genes revealed a consistent up-regulation of genes related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutants throughout fruit development; 4. A tendency for up-regulation was also usually observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrientbiosynthesis; however this up-regulation was not as consistent. 5. Microscopic observations revealed a significantly higher number of chloroplasts in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits in comparison to their normal fully isogenic counterparts. 6. The relative abundance of chloroplasts could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Cumulatively these results suggest that: 1. the overproduction of secondary metabolites, characterizing hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits, is more due to chloroplast number rather then to transcriptional activation of structural genes of the relevant metabolic pathways, and 2. The molecular trigger increasing metabolite levels in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutant fruits should be traced at early stage of fruit development.
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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Host Genes Involved with Symptom Expression in Potyviral Infections. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593391.bard.
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Understanding how RNA viruses cause disease symptoms in their hosts is expected to provide information that can be exploited to enhance modern agriculture. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) protein of potyviruses has been implicated in symptom development. Previously, we demonstrated that symptom expression is associated with binding of duplex small-interfering-RNA (duplex-siRNA) to a highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). This binding activity also alters host microRNA (miRNA) profiles. In Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which infects the model plant Arabidopsis, mutation of the FRNK motif to FINK was lethal providing further indication of the importance of this motif to HC-Pro function. In this continuation project, our goal was to further investigate how ZYMV and TuMV cause the mis-expression of genes in cucurbits and Arabidopsis, respectively, and to correlate altered gene expression with disease symptoms. Objective 1 was to examine the roles of aromatic and positively charged residues F164RNH and K215RLF adjacent to FR180NK in small RNA binding. Objective 2 was to determine the target genes of the miRNAs which change during HC-Pro expression in infected tissues and transgenic cucumber. Objective 3 was to characterize RNA silencing mechanisms underlying differential expression of host genes. Objective 4 was to analyze the function of miRNA target genes and differentially expressed genes in potyvirus-infected tissues. We found that the charged K/R amino acid residues in the FKNH and KRLF motifs are essential for virus viability. Replacement of K to I in FKNH disrupted duplex-siRNA binding and virus infectivity, while in KRLF mutants duplex-siRNA binding was maintained and virus infectivity was limited: symptomless following a recovery phenomenon. These findings expanded the duplex-siRNA binding activity of HC-Pro to include the adjacent FRNK and FRNH sites. ZYMV causes many squash miRNAs to hyper-accumulate such as miR166, miR390, mir168, and many others. Screening of mir target genes showed that only INCURVATA-4 and PHAVOLUTA were significantly upregulated following ZYMVFRNK infection. Supporting this finding, we found similar developmental symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing P1-HC-Pro of a range of potyviruses to those observed in miR166 mutants. We characterized increased transcription of AGO1 in response to infection with both ZYMV strains. Differences in viral siRNA profiles and accumulation between mild and severe virus infections were characterized by Illumina sequencing, probably due to the differences in HC-Pro binding activity. We determined that the TuMV FINK mutant could accumulate and cause symptoms in dcl2 dcl4 or dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 mutants similar to TuMV FRNK in wild type Arabidopsis plants. These dcl mutant plants are defective in antiviral defenses, and the results show that factors other than HC-ProFRNK motif can induce symptoms in virus-infected plants. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK and FKNH amino acid motifs of HC-Pro and their contributions to the duplex-siRNA binding functions. We have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to infectivity and symptoms of virus infected plants when they are mis-expressed during potyviral infections. The results establish that there are multiple underlying molecular mechanisms that lead viral pathogenicity, some dependent on HC-Pro. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.