Dissertations / Theses: 'Strategic Interpretation'

1

Price, Richard M. (Richard MacKay) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Technology and morality: an interpretation of strategic defenses." Ottawa, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Rutter, Kenneth Alan. "Strategic issue interpretation among managing directors of UK boat building companies." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310461.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mackinnon, Alex. "Relating cultural change to strategic adaptation : an interpretation of modern Chinese management." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2005. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10744/.

Full text

Abstract:

Research into Chinese management has investigated foreign direct investment, organisational structures, and the implications of Western management influences on Chinese domestic practices. The recent entry of China into the World Trade Organisation has increased the demand for Western business knowledge by Chinese managers. This thesis extends present research with an investigation of change and adaptation in the national cultural values and strategic decision making of the individual Chinese manager. In particular, it researches the effects at a boundary of British and Chinese cultures, studying Chinese managers working or training in the UK. A national group of managers has distinct decision making and problem solving characteristics. Such characteristics result from tendencies to prefer certain `ways of doing things' over others, identified through national cultural values. At the interface of Western and Chinese national cultures there is unresolved academic debate whether Chinese value systems are diverging, converging or crossverging - moving from, or closer to, the Western `way of doing things' or creating a unique set of Chinese cultural controls. Change in cultural characteristics and associated networks would dynamically reflect in the governing, control system criteria over Chinese strategic decision making. To interpret change in Chinese problem solving criteria, this thesis links Western strategic theory with Chinese cultural characteristics. Relevant research in the Chinese and Western literature is reviewed and the characteristics of Chinese management values identified. An empirical data set on Chinese values and networking (guanxi) provides quantitative and qualitative evidence that adaptation in Chinese management strategy can be interpreted using cross-cultural research techniques and economic concepts. Methodological limitations in cross-cultural research are discussed and a mixed method research approach, and pragmatic research design, is deployed. Chinese management characteristics are mapped with unified Western transaction cost, resource base and real option theories related to economic exchange. This thesis concludes that there is a determinable relationship between Chinese cultural characteristics, strategic decision making and Western economic and strategic theory. An explanatory, relevant and practical schema is theorised from the relationship. Flexible strategic problem solving by modem Chinese management infers an expansion of market governance in a low context, less hierarchical environment whilst retaining high context, guanxi relational governance for complex economic exchange. Strategic adaptation, domestically responsive but also internationally integrative, is reflected through change in the traditional way things are done -a transvergent adaptation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Talamantez, Kendrick V. "Russian policies on strategic missile defense and nuclear arms control: a realist interpretation." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44008.

Full text

Abstract:

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Over the past decade, Russia’s reemergence on the international stage has been accompanied by a more aggressive foreign policy agenda. This confrontational Russian behavior lends itself to the conduct of a case study of the international relations theory known as realism. This thesis analyzes Russian decision making on strategic missile defense and nuclear arms control from a realist perspective. Russia’s policies appear to be shaped by realist principles such as zero-sum calculations, the existence of an anarchic international system, and the continuing attempts to alter the balance of power to Moscow’s advantage. Moscow holds that U.S.-led ballistic missile defense (BMD) efforts could not only neutralize Russia’s nuclear deterrent, but upset strategic stability. Russia’s nuclear weapons serve a critical deterrent role and fulfill political purposes, so Moscow is highly resistant to nuclear arms reductions beyond those specified in the 2010 New START Treaty. Russia even seeks to modernize and expand its nuclear arsenal, but it will be constrained by economic realities. Despite these constraints, Russia’s great power ambitions hold potential security risks for NATO countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Edrich, Janet. "How policy interpretation influences strategic decision-making in further education colleges in England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020683/.

Full text

Abstract:

Colleges of further education in England are independent institutions and determine their own mission and strategy. As publically funded bodies affected by government policy, colleges respond differently to requirements placed on them. A range of factors that determine how the colleges develop strategy, including their approach to policy interpretation, are identified. The research examined the messages for colleges in the policies of New Labour from 2005 particularly focusing on policy relating to colleges serving their community. A theoretical framework of Ball's (1994) policy cycle, policy sedimentation and subsequent development of theories relating to policy narrative (Keep 2009) and policy levers (Steer et al 2007) were used to illuminate the data. A model of strategic planning for private sector companies (Johnson and Scholes 1993) became a tool for analysing the strategic choices made by colleges. Following desk research into the strategic approach of 60 colleges, three college case study sites were chosen; a sixth-form college, a general further education college and a specialist college. The research included an analysis of strategic planning documents and interviews with staff, governors and government officers. It identified that the three colleges had complex but different approaches to policy interpretation in planning. Policy levers, especially funding and inspection, had a significant influence on strategic choices combined with a hierarchy of other factors such as history, specialism and other provision locally. The majority of government officers interviewed were frustrated by their lack of ability to affect college strategies, especially when the provision on offer failed to match the perceived local need. The thesis proposes that whilst colleges do not share the range of strategic choices that truly independent organisations have, their individual institutional approach to policy interpretation varies. Three approaches are identified; a single focus with consolidation of the core mission, an entrepreneurial approach and a pragmatic one.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Akridge, Cameron. "ON ADVANCED TEMPLATE-BASED INTERPRETATION AS APPLIED TO INTENTION RECOGNITION IN A STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4106.

Full text

Abstract:

An area of study that has received much attention over the past few decades is simulations involving threat assessment in military scenarios. Recently, much research has emerged concerning the recognition of troop movements and formations in non-combat simulations. Additionally, there have been efforts towards the detection and assessment of various types of malicious intentions. One such work by Akridge addressed the issue of Strategic Intention Recognition, but fell short in the detection of tactics that it could not detect without somehow manipulating the environment. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to address the problem of recognizing an opponent's intent in a strategic environment where the system can think ahead in time to see the agent's plan. To approach the problem, a structured form of knowledge called Template-Based Interpretation is borrowed from the work of others and enhanced to reason in a temporally dynamic simulation.
M.S.Cp.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ip, Eric Chi Yeung. "Constitutionalism under China : strategic interpretation of the Hong Kong basic law in comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc5aa191-d745-44ef-93b5-5101d097572f.

Full text

Abstract:

The scholarly consensus on the political foundations of independent constitutional review – that it invariably stems from electoral and inter-branch competition – has been weakened by recent empirical discoveries which demonstrated that constitutional courts in a number of authoritarian states are actually more activist than previously assumed. This dissertation examines this phenomenon using the case of Hong Kong, an authoritarian polity first under the sovereignty of Britain and then of China. It is widely believed that the competence of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal – a cosmopolitan common law final appellate court – to strike down legislative and executive acts, and its ability to induce the regime’s compliance with its rulings, is intrinsic to the Basic Law, just as it is in liberal democracies. Nevertheless, two interrelated anomalous phenomena – the Court’s repeated issuance of activist rulings with near-complete impunity, and the continuing forbearance of China’s foremost constitutional authority, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), faced with the Court’s aggressive assertions – necessitates careful explanation. This dissertation proposes an explanatory Constitutional Investment Theory, which highlights the similarities between “investment” in constitutional review and investment in financial assets, to explain the activation, consolidation, and ascendancy of independent constitutional review in authoritarian settings. It shows how strong incentives to signal its ideological commitment to the “One Country, Two Systems” scheme, both internationally and domestically, first drove the NPCSC to acquiesce in the Court’s self-aggrandisement; how internal divisions within and external opposition to the Hong Kong regime have rendered retaliation a costly option; and how the Court’s strategic resolution of the Basic Law’s ambiguities has encouraged continuous political investment in its jurisdiction and autonomy. Altogether, these have contributed to the formation of a dynamic equilibrium of constitution control, under which the Court and the NPCSC dynamically developed their own jurisprudence within their respective bailiwicks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Shumilova, Elizaveta, Asanee Börjesson, and Do Gyoon Kim. "Organisational Crisis Interpretations: analysing communicational tactics and its consequenses." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23865.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Akridge, Cameron. "Intention Recognition in a Strategic Environment." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/736.

Full text

Abstract:

This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pawsey, Stuart. "Strategic regional planning for the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, 1969-1981 : a systems interpretation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26896.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis provides a long term analysis of strategic regional planning for the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, 1969-1981. However, the very nature of such a long term study exposes research problems that are masked by the traditional, short term or 'snap shot' approach. The first chapter reviews the problems of the traditional approach and argues that the lack of a dynamic, systems oriented approach in strategic regional planning stems from a theoretical gap between grand, i.e., general, theories and empirically testable hypotheses. In the theoretical framework, chapter two, Faludi's (1973) classification scheme is selected as the most evolved example of a middle range or contingency theory within the ambit of procedural planning theory. Faludi's three dimensions of planning—the blueprint versus process planning styles; the rational comprehensive versus disjointed incremental planning styles; and the normative versus functional planning styles— are then related to the three basic components of the strategic regional planning system: the type of plan; the type of planning agency; and the type of (ongoing) planning process. The variables that Faludi uses to define these three dimensions are also operationally defined in the context of the Lower Mainland study. Without any a priori hypotheses, the theoretical framework is used in chapter three to descriptively interpret shifts along these dimensions of planning for each of the Lower Mainland study's four time periods. The events and issues of the Lower Mainland study suggest the existence of a long term planning cycle, one driven by both economic growth and interactions between the components of the strategic regional planning system. In the conclusions to the study, chapter four, this cycle is generalized into a pattern of movements along the dimensions of planning and is offered as an initial hypothesis for exploring strategic regional planning in other locations. It was not possible, however, to directly establish causal relationships between the components of the strategic regional planning system because the movements along the dimensions of planning that were used to measure these components were interpreted as 'averages' based on the conflicting impacts of numerous events and issues. While a long term, systems oriented approach to analyzing strategic regional planning is still valid and required, further research requires a more detailed (direct) and integrated classification scheme or model.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mazzoleni, Edilio. "A university in a period of disruption : identity as an explanatory interpretation of strategic decision-making." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715248.

Full text

Abstract:

This study is aimed at verifying whether organizational identity may be a factor in steering institutions of higher education in a process of change called for by internal and external circumstances. The thesis is built on a case-study of an Italian non-state University that experiences a situation of disruption due to a reduction of governmental funding, a decrease in student enrolment, and an unfavorable national higher education context. The study makes several contributions to existing theories elaborated on organizational studies, higher education policy, and higher education management. In particular, it tries to set a relation between Organizational Identity Theory (Albert and Whetten, 1985) used as theoretical framework, strategic management and leadership in HE. Empirical evidence gathered from the case-study suggest that the context impacts the formation and subsistence of organizational identity and the efficiency of managerial practices and leadership. The higher education system and the funding model in place may favor or prevent the exercise of autonomy and creation of a governance model conducive to a strategic change process. The parameters of the research are set on a specific and limited timeframe, the period of crisis during which tension within the university arose. The research is based on interviews of senior management staff, academic and administrative. The interviews are semi-structured and generated by open-ended questions. The approach to the data collection through interviews is ethnographic and interpretive-constructivist. The data is then validated through documentary analysis. The analysis has made evident that the difficulties experienced by the University are tied to the leaders’ diverse understandings of organizational identity and how these affect the leaders’ strategic decisions. This work demonstrates that the effectiveness of any strategy depends largely on the existing conditions, that is the autonomy and its use as reflected in the governance model, rather than its strategy’s content or form.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Connell, Carol Matheson. "The applicability of resource-based theory to the interpretation of strategic management in Jardine Matheson : uncertainty, relationships and capabilities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4785/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Smythe, Nicholas A. "Measurement criteria for the US war on terror a pragmatic interpretation of just war theory and a critique of neo-conservative policies /." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07112005-111001/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Caley, Richard James. "Planning discourse by modelling audience interpretation strategies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20361.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the major problems facing designers of computer systems which are to use natural language to achieve their aims is that of finding a way to integrate all of the information which is needed to produce reasonable texts. Amongst these types of information, one of the most complex and hardest to use is knowledge of the intended audience of the text. This thesis proposes an architecture for text planning which places the text planning system's model of its intended audience at the heart of the planning system. The proposed architecture is based upon ideas from research into planning in Artificial Intelligence which are extended to cover some simple types of multi-agent planning. This planning model and the representation which supports it are first discussed informally and then presented in a fairly formal manner. Various simple types of audience model are then encoded within the model and discussed in terms of their effects on the linguistic competence of the resulting text planner. A computer system named Riple has been implemented which embodies the mechanisms discussed in this thesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Robles, Algria Jose L. (Jose Luis). "Contact interpretation in randomized strategies for robotic assembly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10763.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-370).
by Jose L. Robles Alegria.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Wiederspiel, Brigitte. "Descriptions demonstratives anaphoriques : interpretations et strategies referentielles." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR20006.

Full text

Abstract:

Le but de cette these est de participer a une reflexion sur les interpretations et strategies referentielles des descriptions demonstratives anaphoriques, procedant des representations subjectives du locuteur. Elle vise tout d'abord a mettre en lumiere les hypotheses et les conceptions existantes. Le premier chapitre consiste donc en une introduction a la problematique de l'anaphore, pour retenir le principe regulateur de la version "textuelle" de l'anaphore. La presentation des conceptions actuelles sur le demonstratif s7effectue en deux temps : determination, dans le deuxieme chapitre, d'un cadre theorique, en developpant les conceptions en concurrence, pour fixer le choix sur une hypothese indexicale ; particularites du demonstratif, dans un troisieme chapitre, exposees au regard des situations refractaires a l'emploi d'une description demonstrative. Cette recherche tente ensuite de faire ressortir quelques aspects nouveaux sur les structures linguistiques du demonstratif anaphorique. Les deux derniers chapitres proposent d'identifier differents roles du demonstratif en partant d'une hypothese : la variation des roles attribues depend de la variation de certains facteurs linguistiques. Ces facteurs renvoient a des aspects heteroclites : ils font partie des instructions prealables sur la modification du contexte, des indications sur la presence d'un locuteur, et surtour des elements restricteurs qui modifient le syntagme nominal demonstratif
The intention of this thesis is ot take a part in a thought on referential interpretations and strategies about anaphoric demonstrative descriptions, which arise from the speaker's subjective interpretations. She first aims to clarify hypothesis and existing conceptions. The first chapter is, in fact, an introduction to the anaphora's problematical, to keep back the regulative principle of the anaphora's "textual" version. The presentation of existing ideas about the demonstrative is explained in two parts : in the second chapter the determination of a theoretical frame, working out the conceptions with equality, to make the choice firm on an indexical hypothesis; demonstrative's particularities, in the third chapter, are exposed in comparison with rebellions situations to the use of a demonstrative description. Then, this study tries to bring out new aspects on the linguistic structures of the anaphoric demonstrative. The last two chapters propose to consider different roles of the demonstrative departing from an hypothesis : the change of assigned roles depends of the variations of certain linguistic factors. These factors send back to heteroclite aspects : they are the previous instructions on the contexte alteration, the indication about the speaker's presence, and especially the restrictives component which alter the demonstrative noun phrase

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bae, Hwangbo. "Quarry Workers' Hazard Identification, Severity Interpretation, and Prevention Strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93314.

Full text

Abstract:

The surface-mining worker fatalities are unacceptably high as compared to other private industries in United States such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. Although many studies about generating a safe work environment and developing safety training through intervention modules have tried to reduce the number of worker fatalities by utilizing an administrative approach to the development of safety controls, a rigorous study about understanding craftworkers' perceptions of a safe work environment is lacking. This study particularly investigated quarry workers' safety behaviors regarding work hazards by adapting findings from construction safety research because construction and mining industries have similarities in work hazards and environment. Despite their similarities, the work fatality rate in the mining industry is greater than in the construction industry (BLS, 2018). To gain a greater understanding of how quarry workers identify and interpret work hazards and employ strategies to prevent accidents, this study explored quarry workers' perceptions of work hazards (i.e., hazard identification, severity interpretation) and their preventive strategies to develop a safer working environment at the workplace. To accomplish this, a single descriptive case study was conducted with multiple sources of data such as interviews with photo elicitation, field notes, site photographs, and precursory meeting with safety managers. These sources of data were used to investigate quarry workers' identification and interpretation skills and utilization of preventive strategies. This study will contribute to improve safety of workers by incorporating workers' perceptions of work hazards and by exploring their experience to the development of safety training.
Master of Science
The surface-mining industry is one of the private industries with a high fatality rate in the United States. To reduce the number of accidents and help workers to perform safely in the workplace, previous studies have investigated different strategies to promote workers’ safety performance. These strategies include safety interventions such as safety training and safety inspections. However, a lack of study exists to understand workers’ behaviors and perceptions regarding safety and work hazards. To better explore workers’ behaviors and perceptions, this study adapted findings from construction safety research. Because the number of surface-mining safety research is relatively small and the work environment and types of work hazards in both the surface-mining and construction industries share similarities, the findings in construction safety research can be used to promote a safer workplace for surface-mine workers. By adapting findings in construction safety research, this study further investigated workers’ perceptions of work hazards, which is operationalized in two approaches: hazard identification and severity interpretation. This study also examines workers’ execution of strategies to prevent accidents. These observations were gathered through the utilization of a case study of quarry, which gave a guideline to the researcher to collect data from multiple sources (e.g., precursory meeting with safety managers, field notes, photographs, interviews) and analyze the findings by primarily using participants’ responses in the interviews with photo elicitation. This study will contribute to improve a safer workplace in the surface mining industry by incorporating workers’ perceptions and experience and by emphasizing workers’ involvement in tandem with company commitment to develop safety training.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Bider, Noreen Jane. "The rhetorical strategies of John Donne's "Holy Sonnets" /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61283.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines two important influences that shape John Donne's "Holy Sonnets": The Ignatian meditative tradition and the devotional tradition of the psalm genre. It argues that their confluence in his sonnets gives rise to unique rhetorical structures and strategies that reflect the doctrinal uncertainties of his age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Klein, Sascha Pascal [Verfasser]. "Antecedents, interpretations and consequences of strategic change: a business model perspective / Sascha Pascal Klein." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225768756/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meucci, Elisa. "Le strategie interpretative: uno studio corpus-based sull'interpretazione al Parlamento europeo." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20569/.

Full text

Abstract:

Lo studio analizza 43 discorsi italiani, selezionati dal corpus EPIC, e le rispettive rese in inglese. L'obiettivo del presente studio è l'osservazione delle strategie interpretative. A questo fine i discorsi originale e le rese sono stati misurati in numero di parole utilizzate. I risultati hanno mostrato che in circa metà dei casi (21 su 43) la lunghezza dei discorsi originali era più o meno uguale a quella delle rese (con un'approssimazione del 5%); in 14 casi si è manifestata una riduzione superiore al 5% del numero di parole all'interno della resa e in 8 casi si è verificato un aumento superiore al 5%. Questo tipo di analisi ha suggerito l'utilizzo di strategie di compressione ed espansione. L'analisi qualitativa dei dati ha, inoltre, rivelato un'ulteriore categoria di strategie: le strategie di emergenza. Gli effetti linguistici e pragmatici di queste strategie sulle rese sono stati analizzati e discussi sulla base degli esempi presi dal nostro corpus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Leydon, Rebecca Victoria. "Narrative strategies and Debussy's late style." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42076.

Full text

Abstract:

Many music scholars share a belief in a deep-seated connection between music and language. This belief underlies the exploration of homologies between musical and linguistic structures that have been an important area of study within our field. In recent years, however, a number of scholars have been considering larger units of musical structure, taking as their model not the syntactic structure of the sentence, but rather the organizational structure of whole narrative texts. One goal of narratology is to investigate the ways that events experienced separately are comprehended as a unified whole. Because of its attention to the interplay of schema-driven and data-driven perception, narrative theory is suggestive of an approach to the study of the early post-tonal repertoire, music that involves both tonal configurations and atonal, "intra-opus" processes.
Debussy's late works, which include the Etudes and the three Sonatas, exhibit a distinct style which combines elements of late nineteenth-century chromaticism with atonal features, innovative formal structures and new pitch resources. This study begins with the assumption that the large-scale tonal structure of most nineteenth-century instrumental music is analogous to the "plot" of a classical narrative text; in contrast, Debussy's quasi-tonal structures represent alternatives to that classical narrative syntax. I view Debussy's innovative musical language as a departure from a prevailing "narrative code," which is embodied in the works of composers like Wagner, and dominated by notions of tension and resolution, tonal departure and return, and monumental formal structures. In contrast to this tonal idiom, Debussy's late works exhibit other modes of organization which can be more accurately modeled using alternative story-types. The alternative narrative models I invoke come out of two main research areas: studies on the development of story-telling ability in children, and studies of the spatial and temporal relationships exhibited in the early silent cinema. Throughout this study I attempt to contextualize the array of narrative strategies manifested in Debussy's music within the general cultural reorientations of the early twentieth century that we identify as Modernism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Rohrbacher, Heike. "Interpretation Bias in the Context of Depressed Mood: Assessment Strategies and the Role of Self-Generation in Cognitive Bias Modification." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-207298.

Full text

Abstract:

Negatively biased interpretation has been hypothesized as an important factor in the aetiology and maintenance of depression. Recently developed cognitive bias modification paradigms, intending to change these biases towards a more optimistic interpretation tendency (CBM-I), seem to offer new promising implications for cognitive therapy innovation. Surprisingly, the increasing interest in the modifiability of interpretation bias is contrasted by a severe lack of methodological and measurement development studies. A review of current research revealed 1) a severe lack of psychometrically evaluated measures for depressionrelated interpretation bias and its modification, 2) inconsistent findings for the existence of depression-related interpretation bias depending on the (direct or indirect) assessment paradigm, 3) a demand for profound knowledge about the underlying work mechanisms and best ingredients for CBM-I procedures, and 4) a lack of measures and CBM-I training materials in the German language. With these considerations in mind, the objectives of this dissertation were 1) to develop and evaluate an internally consistent and valid measure for the assessment of depression-related interpretation bias and its modification, 2) to validate an indirect priming task to assess interpretation bias and to further examine the interrelations of four different direct and indirect assessment paradigms, 3) to evaluate a new and more active CBM-I variant and test its effectiveness in comparison with guided CBM-I and a control group, and 4) to provide valid test and CBM-I training materials in German. The aim of study 1 was to develop and evaluate a pragmatic assessment instrument, consisting of a 30-item questionnaire (long version) and two 15-item parallel short versions (A and B). Items were generated as ambiguous sentences, reflecting three relevant content areas based on Beck’s cognitive triad (Beck et al., 1979). All three versions of the instrument were found to be structurally stable, internally consistent and valid. In line with Beck’s cognitive triad (Beck et al., 1979) in depression, confirmatory factor analyses determined a three factor solution (self, experiences, future). Significant correlations were found between all scales and depressive mood. The two short versions represent the same underlying constructs, share identical psychometric properties and possess high parallel-test reliability. The study was the first to evaluate and confirm the factorial validity as well as the parallel-test reliability, and therefore suitability to measure modification of interpretation bias measure in the context of depressed mood. The aim of study 2 was to evaluate an indirect affective priming task using homophones as ambiguous material and to compare this task to three different already established interpretation bias paradigms, namely an ambiguous scenarios test, a scrambled sentences test under cognitive load, as well as a homophone paradigm. No empirical support for mood-related interpretation bias was found for the newly developed affective priming task as well as the homophone task, which both did not differentiate between dysphoric and non-dysphoric individuals. The ambiguous scenarios test and the scrambled sentences test under cognitive load were shown to be internally consistent and valid instruments that were also highly intercorrelated. These findings emphasize the challenge to create valid ambiguous test stimuli for the measure of depression-related interpretation bias as well as the inequality of different assessment paradigms. Study 2 was the first study to examine the relatedness of four different direct and indirect assessment paradigms for the measure of depression-related interpretation bias in one sample. The aim of study 3 was to compare the efficacy of CBM-I requiring participants to imagine standardized positive resolutions to a novel, more active training version that required participants to generate the positive interpretations themselves. Participants were randomly allocated to (1) standardized CBM-I, (2) self-generation CBM-I or (3) a control group. Outcome measures included self-report mood measures and a depression-related interpretation bias measure. Both positive training variants significantly increased the tendency to interpret fresh ambiguous material in an optimistic manner. However, only the standardized imagery CBM-I paradigm positively influenced mood. Study 3 successfully evaluated a new CBM-I variant, gained insights about the role of self-generation and added further support to the potential therapeutic significance of imagery-based cognitive bias modification strategies. Altogether, this dissertation significantly contributed to the research field of depressionrelated interpretation bias by 1) filling a gap in measure development studies, 2) increasing the knowledge of the relatedness of different assessment paradigms, 3) increasing the knowledge about the working mechanisms and optimal ingredients of successful CBM-I, and 4) evaluating and providing assessment as well as CBM-I training materials for the German language context
Ein negativer Interpretationsbias bezieht sich auf die Tendenz, mehrdeutige Reize (z.B. Situationen, Gesichtsausdrücke, Rückmeldung von anderen Personen) in einer pessimistischen Art und Weise zu interpretieren. Diese kognitive Verzerrung im Rahmen der Informationsverarbeitung wird als wichtiger Faktor für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von depressiven Störungen diskutiert. Insbesondere die Modifikation dieser Tendenz zu einem positiveren Interpretationsstil (Cognitive bias modification targeting interpretation; CBM-I) erweckte in den vergangenen Jahren großes Forschungsinteresse, da diese innovativen, computergestützten Techniken wirkungsvolle Behandlungsansätze für die Therapie von Depressionen bedeuten könnten. Nach aktuellem Forschungsstand besteht jedoch 1.) ein Mangel an hinreichend evaluierten Instrumenten für die Erhebung von depressionsbedingten Interpretationsverzerrungen und insbesondere deren Veränderbarkeit, 2.) eine inkonsistente Befundlage für die Existenz von depressionsbedingten Interpretationsverzerrungen in Abhängigkeit von der (direkten oder indirekten) Erhebungsmethode, 3.) ein Bedarf an genaueren Erkenntnissen über die zugrunde liegenden Wirkmechanismen und effektivsten Komponenten von CBM-I und 4.) ein Fehlen von CBM-I Materialien und Erhebungsmethoden in deutscher Sprache. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die Ziele dieser Dissertation formuliert, die neben einer kurzen Einführung in das Themengebiet und einer abschließenden Diskussion aus drei Studien besteht. Das Ziel der ersten Studie war die Entwicklung und Validierung eines pragmatischen Erhebungsinstrumentes zur Messung von depressionsbedingten Interpretationsverzerrungen, bestehend aus einem Fragebogen (Langfassung, 30 Items) und zwei Kurz- bzw. Parallelversionen (A und B, jeweils 15 Items). In den Items werden emotional mehrdeutig interpretierbare Szenarien beschrieben, deren Inhalte Beck‘s kognitive Triade (Beck et al., 1979) widerspiegeln. Den Ergebnissen zufolge können alle drei Versionen des Instruments als strukturell stabil, internal konsistent und valide bewertet werden. In Übereinstimmung mit der Theorie der kognitiven Triade (Beck et al., 1979) wurde mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse eine Dreifaktorenlösung (Selbst, Erfahrungen, Zukunft) festgestellt. Signifikante Korrelationen wurden zwischen allen Skalenwerten und depressiver Symptomatik gefunden. Die beiden Parallelversionen weisen ähnliche psychometrische Eigenschaften sowie eine hohe Paralleltest-Konsistenz auf. Das Ziel der zweiten Studie war die Validierung eines indirekten, affektiven Priming- Verfahrens, in dem homophone Wörter als emotional zweideutige Stimuli eingesetzt wurden. Dieser Test wurde zusätzlich mit drei bereits etablierten Erhebungsparadigmen (Ambiguous Scenarios Test; Scrambled Sentences Test, Homophone-Test) verglichen. Hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse konnte keine empirische Unterstützung für den affektiven Priming-Test sowie für den Homophone-Test gefunden werden; beide Tests zeigten keinen Zusammenhang mit depressiven Symptomen. Der Ambiguous Scenarios Test und der Scrambled Sentences Test erwiesen sich als internal konsistent und valide und wiesen außerdem eine hohe Interkorrelation auf. Die Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über die Vergleichbarkeit der unterschiedlichen Erhebungsparadigmen. Das Ziel der dritten Studie war die Entwicklung und Evaluation einer neuen, aktiveren CBM-I Variante, in der die Teilnehmer mittels eines computergestützten Trainings aufgefordert wurden, positive Interpretationen auf emotional mehrdeutige Szenarien eigenständig zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse der neuen CBM-I-Variante wurden mit den Ergebnissen einer herkömmlichen CBM-I-Variante (Standard-CBM-I) sowie den Ergebnissen einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die neue CBM-I-Variante als auch Standard-CBM-I die Interpretationstendenz signifikant in eine positive Richtung verbesserten. Darüber hinaus konnte durch Standard-CBM-I eine stimmungsaufhellende Wirkung erzielt werden

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

D'Errico, Jon. "Enormous changes : narrative strategies in Grace Paley's short fiction." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539790.

Full text

Abstract:

Grace Paley's fiction has suffered from being labeled as (alternately) post-modernist and feminist. There is a critical assumption that post-modernist and feminist works are plotless because they are nontraditional. Plot has been defined in Aristotelian terms, and those terms have colored the thinking of critics who attempt to discuss non-Aristotelian plots. Ironically, even feminist critics who are keenly aware that language is empowerment use the traditional language of literary criticism to describe nontraditional plots.As a result, post-modernist and feminist narrative modes are seen as fragmentary. This judgment often as not is simply a reaction to the Aristotelian emphasis on the unity of plot. Literary "unity" is not, however, an antonym for "fragmentation." To assume that nontraditional works such as Paley's are fragmented is to ignore the stories. The opposite of literary unity is not fragmentation, but amalgamation.Similar critical assumptions are that Paley's work is plotless and carries no implicit meaning. Careful readings of the stories in question lay both of these assumptions to rest. The point here is to make reading and understanding the stories the first priority. To use the stories as merely a chance to apply theory is to do both theory and the stories a disservice.
Department of English

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Boyle, Amy L. "Marcel Broodthaers and Fred Wilson : contemporary strategies for institutional criticism." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98914.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis compares two contemporary artists who practice institutional criticism, Marcel Broodthaers and Fred Wilson. Looking specifically at Broodthaers's fictional museum project the Musee d Art Moderne, Departement des Aigles from 1968-1972 and Wilson's 1992 installation Mining the Museum at the Maryland Historical Society, this thesis will critically analyze each artist's similar application of deconstruction as a method. Both artists employ allegory and history as aesthetic strategies of deconstruction; using allegorical structure, the artists mobilize objects that have been arrested in history, disrupting a historical continuum that would otherwise remain foreclosed. The focus of this study will be to explore the critical approaches of Broodthaers and Wilson individually as well as the similar theoretical tendencies of the artists jointly; this investigation will assess the effect of institutional criticism on the museum's present condition, unfolding both what has changed and what is still at play within this practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Yeung, Pui-sze, and 揚佩詩. "An investigation of the sentence interpretation strategies among Chinese-English bilinguals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225445.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yeung, Pui-sze. "An investigation of the sentence interpretation strategies among Chinese-English bilinguals in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23001045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Barreira, Valéria de Souza. "Fl reading strategies for metaphor and word game interpretation in a non-specialized magazine." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84528.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T10:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 199939.pdf: 1763453 bytes, checksum: e4107df4032c400bad7bec815d5e9d6c (MD5)
O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a discussão sobre compreensão metafórica e investigar as estratégias usadas por leitores em língua estrangeira quando lêem linguagem metafórica em títulos de artigos genuínos de revistas na língua inglesa. Pesquisas na área de leitura focalizaram no conhecimento prévio que o leitor traz para o texto como sendo crucial para o processamento da informação (Afflerbach, 1990; Daneman, 1991; Fincher-Kiefer, Post, Greene & Voss, 1988; Just & Carpenter, 1987; Pritchard, 1990; Spiro & Myers, 1984). Outros teóricos focalizaram na formação da metáfora (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) e, mais recentemente, em como os leitores realmente processam metáforas (Steen, 1994; Vieira, 1999c). Este estudo se baseia na premissa de que leitores em língua estrangeira têm dificuldades em compreender jogos de palavras nos títulos de textos, o que por sua vez tem implicações na compreensão do texto que se segue. Desta forma, este estudo mostra as estratégias utilizadas por estes leitores de forma a compreender metáforas em títulos. Um enfoque qualitativo, etnográfico de estudo de caso foi utilizado, através do uso de métodos de triangulação. Os resultados mostraram que a metáfora não é nem acessada automaticamente nem possui um único significado. Os leitores têm dificuldade em observar significados metafóricos em títulos possivelmente devido a três variáveis principais: nível de proficiência dos leitores; diferenças culturais entre produtores e receptores de metáforas; e crenças dos leitores sobre o papel do especialista e do leitor na co-construção de significado. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de se incorporar, na sala de aula em língua estrangeira, estudos de gênero e conscientização da existência de metáforas .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ivarsson, Emma, and Malin Palm. "Listening Strategies in the L2 Classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33820.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper was to investigate how some teachers interpret, teach and assess listening strategies. Our investigation was based on interviews and a questionnaire answered by some year 9 English teachers. Furthermore, the aim was to study whether awareness and teaching of listening strategies are important for teachers in their everyday practice. The results indicate that the teachers interpret listening strategies as purposes for listening, such as listening for detail or the whole. The teachers do not explicitly teach listening strategies, and they do not assess them. For these teachers the main focus is placed on listening comprehension and not on the listening strategies.Key concepts: EFL, secondary school, interpretations, teaching, assessment, listening strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Alliaj, Greta. "Le espressioni idiomatiche nell'interpretazione simultanea. Analisi e strategie." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18380/.

Full text

Abstract:

Résumé Ce mémoire a pour objectif d’enquêter sur la gestion des expressions figées dans la combinaison français > italien au sein des interprètes du Parlement européen. L’idée de base est d’observer quelles sont les stratégies qui peuvent être mises en oeuvre pour faire face à un élément linguistique potentiellement insidieux comme l’expression figée au cours d’une activité complexe comme l’interprétation simultanée. Dans ce but, nous avons pris en considération un contexte interprétatif réel et spécifique : la séance plénière. Nous avons créé un corpus comprenant tous les discours prononcés en langue française au cours de l’année 2018. Les interventions caractérisées par la présence d’une expression figée ont été recueillies dans un sous-corpus afin d’être ensuite enregistrées et transcrites avec les interprétations en langue italienne correspondantes. L’analyse des données recueillies a permis l’identification d’une série de macro stratégies. Pour chacune d’entre elles, nous avons présenté des exemples concrets tirés du corpus afin de montrer jusqu’à quel point la mise en place d’une stratégie aurait pu être considérée comme efficace. En dernier lieu, les données dont nous disposions ont été employées pour analyser la fréquence de non-fluencies dans les textes de départ, ainsi que dans les textes d’arrivée, afin d’observer de quelle manière la charge cognitive engendrée par le décodage et la production d’une expression figée pouvait avoir un impact sur l’accessibilité du discours. Tout en étant conscients des limites de cette étude, nous estimons qu’elle constitue un apport important au développement de la recherche sur l’interprétation simultanée et qu’elle puisse inspirer de recherches ultérieures. L’analyse des stratégies mises en oeuvre par les interprètes hautement qualifiés du Parlement européen vise également à aider les étudiants en interprétation à surmonter un obstacle auquel ils doivent souvent faire face : l’expression figée.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Vanhanen, Tuuli. "The European Strategic Autonomy Dilemma : French and German Interpretations by Means of Comparative Analysis and Realist Theory." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179892.

Full text

Abstract:

This research focuses on the concept of European strategic autonomy and what it really is. Through two different European Union Member States, France and Germany, the research will compare how European strategic autonomy is interpreted and why. The research will use different concepts from the theory of realism to focus on the conventional perspective of strategic autonomy in Europe. The research will show how France pushes for greater European strategic autonomy to secure the future of Europe through strategic hedging strategy when again Germany wants to strengthen European strategic autonomy to be taken more seriously by European external allies and by strengthening European bandwagoning strategy. Based on the previously mentioned, the research will analyze how France and Germany interpret the meaning of European strategic autonomy. The research suggests that France’s approach to European security is through Europeanism when Germany’s approach is through Atlanticism. The research will conclude with findings that the significance of European strategic autonomy is in its meaning of increasing Europe’s and European Union’s credibility, sovereignty, and European integration, to name a few.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hannäs, Matilda. "The formulation and interpretation of global IS/IT-strategies : A study of Swedish-Argentinean Coalitions." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-299.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The notion of IT strategies has changed during recent years, because our perspectives towards IT in the organizations have changed. We expect IT to be fulfilling business goals and lever-age business opportunities and we have strengthened the role of IT in the supply chain. Our individual view on IT, whether it is strategic or supportive, whether the infrastructure should be standard-ized or individualized etc., most likely affects how IT strategies are interpreted and conducted in the organization. This is critical in companies who have their subsidiaries on foreign land. It is not obvi-ous that managers in different countries interpret the IT strategy the same way, just because it happens to be the same company. In most large global coalitions, a common central strategy for IT is the standard. I have chosen to examine Argentinean subsidiaries to Swedish companies as an example. Eight research questions were formulated, with the purpose of finding what is included in a generic IS/IT strategy, if the perspectives of managers are in line with the theory, whether views are consistent throughout the concern, and determine the challenges of global IS/IT management.

Purpose: This paper aims at finding the generic parts in a IS/IT strategy formulation and explain how business management and IT specialists of global coalitions interpret the concept IS/IT strat-egy. A sub-purpose is to define the priorities in global IS/IT management. The analysis of the paper culminates in a model - “the interpretation of IS/IT strategies”, with the ambition to give guidelines for managers and strategy formulators in a global environment.

Method: The study is of qualitative, exploratory and explanatory type, it has a descriptive part and a theory enhancing rational. By a thorough literature study and a pre- study I wished to explore and shed light on the perplexities in IS/IT management, nationally and globally. The broad research spectrum was a conscious choice to cover the complex area of IS/IT strategy and the various people affected. By conducting interviews; through questions and observations I also aimed at describing and explaining how IS/IT strategies are interpreted in practice. As a result of my hermeneutic research approach I am drawing conclusions from the similarities and dissimilarities I found in the different perceptions and relate it to the result of previous studies. The idea is thus to combine these insights in order to enhance theory in the area.

Analysis and result: what could be determined from the analysis is:

• IS/IT strategy composed of strategic planning, alignment between business- and IT, competitive advantage, knowledge management, responsibilities, system architecture, interaction and security.

• No “generic” strategy exists. A good strategy for a global coalition is forward-looking and flexible and frequently evaluated. The strategy gives competitive advantage if leveraged; the results are related to IS paradigm view.

• IT people proves short sighted while business/strategy management have long term perspective, which contradicts Earl, (1999). The difference could be due to culture in this case. The organiza-tional structure does not determine IT architecture, which contradicts King Sethi (1999).

• Managers and IT people are generally not in agreement. Interpretations of strategy are not consistent in global firms. Managers and not IT people need to take responsibility for the formulation and realization of the strategy. This is in accordance with Axelsson, (1995).

The implications to managers are: The organizational structure chosen should not be steering the politics for architecture, moreover that IT specialists with a technical view can not be responsible for strategy work or global standards. Managers are encouraged to develop knowledge management, to include intellectual assets in the IS/IT strategy and work with culture enhancement programs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Cartledge, Jonathan David. "Unresponsive HIV-related oral candidosis : clinical interpretation of susceptibility testing; risk assessment and treatment strategies." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395154.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hall, Annika. "Strategising in the Context of Genuine Relations : An Interpretative Study of Strategic Renewal Through Family Interactions." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-183.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is concerned with strategising in the context of genuine relations. Every- day family interactions, and their related strategic outcomes for the family business are in focus. Through an interpretative, in-depth study of three second- generation family businesses the thesis explores strategising based on the paradox of identity, i. e. family members’ simultaneous needs for separation and belonging, inherent in the family system. The interplay of these needs ascribes two extended meanings to the businesses, business as a means of individuation, and business as an extension of the family and its core values. These meanings render the family businesses a dynamics with mutually reinforcing implications for the individual and the organisation, conceptualised as concern-based individuation, and focused strategic renewal. These concepts give an understanding of strategising as originating in family interactions. To sustain focused strategic renewal over time, the family business is required to meet the inherent challenges of role transition, i. e. the exit and entry of roles. For family members, the enactment of top management roles in the family business seems to be an important means of fulfilment of the needs of separation and belonging. Unless this is recognized and taken into consideration, role transition is likely to be more difficult, and even shunned. As a consequence, strategic renewal might be impeded. The thesis emphasises the inherent social character of role transition processes, and puts forward role clarification as a central means of facilitating the exit and entry of roles. Understanding the interactive dimension of strategising in the context of genuine relations requires an in- depth understanding of the interplay between the individual, the group, i. e. the family, and the organisation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Campe, Amely [Verfasser]. "Erkennung und Interpretation von Risikofaktoren und –mustern in der veterinärmedizinischen Populationsforschung – Strategien und Herausforderungen / Amely Campe." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166170578/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Stiles, Steven James. "Jesus' fulfilment of the Torah and prophets : inherited writing strategies and Torah interpretation in Matthew's Gospel." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33212.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis takes a different approach to the contested topic of Jesus and the Torah in Matthew's Gospel. Rather than asking whether or not Jesus' radical teaching on the Torah (Matt 5:17-48) affirms the validity of the Torah, surpasses it, or if it situates the Matthean community within or outside the bounds of Judaism, this thesis examines the Matthean Jesus' radical teaching as an example of first-century Torah interpretation. Specifically, it examines Second Temple writing strategies used to present interpretations as an authoritative representation of the Torah and compares them with the way Matthew authorises Jesus' teaching on the Torah. This comparison shows that Matthew uses inherited writing strategies to participate in the Second Temple and late first-century Jewish phenomenon of innovating the Torah to meet the needs of a specific context. Chapter 1 examines the phenomenon of Torah interpretation in the Second Temple period, both the contexts that caused it and the logic behind it. Chapter 2 analyses Matthew's Gospel to see if it exhibits a similar context and logic as other Second Temple texts that interpret the Torah. Chapter 3 then uses Hindy Najman's concept of Mosaic Discourse as a lens to observe the writing strategies Matthew uses to present Jesus' teaching in the Sermon on the Mount as an authoritative representation of Sinaitic Revelation. Chapter 4 then considers how the genre of biography was used to legitimise a historical figure in a polemical context. Chapter 5 then examines how Matthew similarly used the opportunities of biographical writing to legitimise Jesus as an authority on the Torah in a polemical context and, therefore, authorise his teaching on the Torah as the correct way to follow God's commandments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Egri, Ku-Mesu Katalin. "Cultural reference in modern Ghanaian English-language fiction : ways of encoding, authorial strategies and reader interpretation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23333.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern Ghanaian English-language fiction came into existence in the mid-1960s. The hybrid nature of this literature, resulting from the fact that it is written by authors of a particular cultural and linguistic background in the language of a different culture, often poses problems of comprehension, and hence interpretation, for readers who do not share the author’s cultural and linguistic background. Communication between the Europhone African writer and his multiple audience becomes complex not only as a result of the writer’s indigenising the European language so that it can carry his African experience, but also because of the (partial) lack of common ground between reader and writer. In the current work I study a particular aspect of this peculiar interpretive situation through examining how cultural reference is encoded in modern Ghanaian English-language fiction, what textual strategies writers employ to facilitate understanding of such reference and the effect these strategies have on reader interpretation. The findings suggest that the indigenisation of English is necessitated by a ‘naming’ process - the which to find names in English for things, phenomena and practices that are culturally alien to it. Indigenisation also serves to inscribe the Ghanaian writer’s difference and distance from the culture whose language he has chosen for literary expression, thereby creating a metonymic gap. Readers are divided along this gap, and their position in relation to it is indicative of their ability to interpret untranslated/unexplained African-language words/expression in the text. The authorial strategies intended to make the texts more accessible to the readers all have some promise, but eventually all may prove ineffective because they try to cater for the needs of a rather mixed and ill-defined readership. The research provides evidence that the Ghanaian writer’s indigenisation of English and provision of authorial assistance is driven by the perceived need and tolerance of the audience, and by a compulsion on the writer to conform to a way of writing that is critically recognised as African.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Wood, Laura Thomason. "Change of Condition: Women's Rhetorical Strategies on Marriage, 1710-1756." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4921/.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation examines ways in which women constructed and criticized matrimony both before and after their own marriages. Social historians have argued for the rise of companionacy in the eighteenth century without paying attention to women's accounts of the fears and uncertainties surrounding the prospect of marriage. I argue that having more latitude to choose a husband did not diminish the enormous impact that the choice would have on the rest of a woman's life; if anything, choice might increase that impact. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Hester Mulso Chapone, Mary Delany, and Eliza Haywood recorded their anxieties about and their criticisms of marriage in public and private writings from the early years of the century into the 1750s. They often elide their own complex backgrounds in favor of generalized policy statements on what constitutes a good marriage. These women promote an ideal of marriage based on respect and similarity of character, suggesting that friendship is more honest, and durable than romantic love. This definition of ideal marriage enables these women to argue for more egalitarian marital relationships without overtly calling for a change in the wife's traditional role. The advancement of this ideal of companionacy gave women a means of promoting gender equality in marriage at a time when they considered marriage risky but socially and economically necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Weaver, Beth Nixon. "Interactive text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4602.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation focuses on text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age. The models investigate an interactive blend of textually-based linear-sequential approaches and visually-based spatial-simultaneous approaches. The models employ Gestalt-inspired figure-ground segregation models, along with other theoretical models, that demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of images as conceptual tools as well as alternate forms of text. The models encourage an interpretative style with active participants in open-ended, multi-sensory meaning-making processes. The models use the flexible tools of modern technology as approaches to meaning-making with art strategies used for research strategies as well as a means to appreciate reading and writing in the context of an increasingly visual environment.
ID: 028916553; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-370).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of English
Arts and Humanities

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Reinaltt, Higa Keissy Annie, and Mori Alejandra Miranda. "Estrategias de aprendizaje del chino empleadas por los estudiantes de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/631310.

Full text

Abstract:

Las estrategias de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en chino han sido estudiadas con anterioridad (Shen, 2005); sin embargo, se ha investigado poco sobre estas estrategias aplicadas en un contexto latinoamericano de educación superior. Este trabajo estudia las estrategias de aprendizaje que emplean los universitarios para mejorar su aprendizaje del idioma chino. El presente estudio identificó las estrategias enfocadas en la lectoescritura y obtuvo la valoración de los estudiantes en torno a estas. Los instrumentos empleados fueron encuestas y un grupo focal, los cuales se aplicaron a un total de 18 estudiantes de diferentes niveles de chino. Los resultados del estudio indican cuáles fueron las estrategias más usadas entre los estudiantes y, además, este propone una categorización de estas estrategias cognitivas, metacognitivas, input-based y output-based. Asimismo, el estudio muestra una noción de efectividad que tienen los estudiantes respecto a las estrategias que utilizan.
Learning strategies for Chinese literacy have been previously studied (Shen, 2005). However, very little research exists regarding the application of these strategies in a Latin American context of higher education. This research studies the learning strategies that university students use for improving their Chinese learning. The present study identified learning strategies focused on Chinese literacy and got students’ assessment on them. Surveys and a focus group were the tools used in this research and were applied to a total of 18 students at different instances of Chinese learning. The results of this study point out the most used strategies among students and, moreover, suggest a classification for the strategies (cognitive, metacognitive, input-based and output-based). Besides, this study shows a notion of effectivity that only these students have towards the strategies they prefer.
Trabajo de investigación

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hines, John G. J. G. "Soviet strategic intentions 1965-1985 : an analytical comparison of US Cold War interpretations and Soviet post-Cold War testimonial evidence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20570.

Full text

Abstract:

The end of the Cold War created an opportunity to examine, through interviews with former Soviet officials, the perceptions, motives and decision-making dynamics that lay behind Soviet Cold-War strategy and behaviour. At the same time, the U.S. declassified key Cold-War-era U.S. National Intelligence Estimates (NIE) on Soviet strategic forces, and high-level U.S. national security officials from that period shared in interviews with the author their perceptions of Soviet strategic intentions and the rationale behind U.S. counter strategies. Such post-Cold-War information from U.S. sources has helped to refine understanding of American Cold-War assessments of Soviet intentions and to permit comparison of the latter with results from the Soviet interviews. This research has revealed instances both of great insight and of serious mutual misunderstanding on the part U.S. and Soviet political leaders and military strategists; as well as areas, such as Soviet force sizing, where the quality of understanding essentially did not matter because the primary determinants were internal and systemic, not international. Areas where the author's findings may be most unexpected for Western scholars include: the Soviet's deeply held, very simple concept of deterrence; the duality of Soviet thinking on nuclear first-use characterized by a purely military preference for first-strike accompanied by profound pessimism that same could be achieved, which led, in turn, to extensive preparations for launch-on-tactical -warning and pure retaliation; and the relatively subordinate position of the Soviet General Staff vis-a-vis the military industrialists, and even the armed services, in actually determining the nature, and especially quantity, of weapons produced to support Soviet military strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Secrier, Maria [Verfasser], and Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmetz. "Visualization and analysis strategies for dynamic gene-phenotype relationships and their biological interpretation / Maria Secrier ; Betreuer: Lars Steinmetz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177249510/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ghisleni, Taís Steffenello. "O planejamento estratégico do Grêmio Foot Ball Porto Alegrense e do Sport Clube Internacional através de modelos interpretativos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8014.

Full text

Abstract:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
On several business departaments, the strategic planning is becoming very important and the organizations need to know and understant ist methods to get the success in the business environment. This planning is valid for the development of the sporting organizations, because it keeps aminimun of global vision, as of an adequate definition of its goals and national strategies, as well as with the international scenery. It also propotiates that the organization and the efficiency of the ways for the consecution of its aims includes the community y participation of fans and of the society in the decision about where to allocate the resources. This work analizes like the bases of the estrategic planning are described by bryson, Almeida and Roche, and like ares accepted by the professional football of the clubs: Grêmio Foot Ball Porto Alegrense and Sport Clube Internacional of Porto Alegre. The football clubs are before a conflicting situation: on the one hand, the social pressure covered by the legislation, that requires changes; on the other hand, a financial situation the most Brazilian Clubs (run into debt and without cash in hand) allows evident the administrative inefficiency and the resulting of the devaluation of their products ou mark. So, this research develops in middle of a change process of organization and functioning of these organizations, and it s in this context that resides its importance for all interesteds. Whit reference to methodology, this work refers to resource of qualitative nature, classified like descriptive, and that used for the development of its process, the study technique of multi-cases.
Nos diversos setores empresariais, o planejamento estratégico está se tornando muito importante, e as organizações precisam conhecer e entender seus métodos para alcançarem o sucesso no ambiente dos negócios. Este planejamento é válido para o desenvolvimento das organizações esportivas, pois assegura um mínimo de visão global, a partir de uma definição adequada de seus objetivos e estratégias nacionais, bem como com o cenário internacional. Propicia ainda que a organização e a otimização dos meios para a consecução de suas finalidades incluam a participação da comunidade de torcedores e da sociedade na decisão de onde alocar os recursos. Este trabalho analisa como os fundamentos do planejamento estratégico são descritos por Bryson, Almeida e Roche, e como são adotados pelos clubes de futebol profissional Grêmio Foot Ball Porto Alegrense e Sport Clube Internacional de Porto Alegre. Os clubes de futebol vêem-se diante de uma situação conflituosa: por um lado, a pressão social revestida pela legislação, que exige mudanças; por outro, a situação financeira da maioria dos clubes brasileiros (endividados e sem caixa) deixa evidente a ineficácia administrativa e o acarretamento da desvalorização de seu produto ou marca. Assim, esta pesquisa se desenvolve no meio de um processo de mudança de organização e funcionamento destas organizações, e é dentro deste contexto que reside a sua importância para todos os interessados. Quanto à metodologia, este trabalho refere-se a uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, classificada como descritiva, e que utilizou para o desenvolvimento do seu processo, a técnica do Estudo de multi-casos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Silke, Elsa. "Translating Karel Schoeman's Hierdie lewe : strategies, decisions and process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50205.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to produce an English translation of the first part of Karel Schoeman's novel Hierdie lewe, translated as This Life. The thought processes of the translator are illustrated by means of descriptive annotations. The choice of source text is motivated and the specifications of the target text are formulated. The problem is stated that relatively few of Schoeman's fictional works have been translated into English or other languages and it is suggested that this might be because Schoeman's work is difficult to translate, or even untranslatable. A possible reason for this may be Schoeman's distinctive style: rhythmic, lyrical and rich in imagery. The source culture may also be too specific and the cultural gap too wide. A hypothesis is formulated that translation is possible if the translational problems are identified. Certain strategies are devised and solutions suggested. A hermeneutic interpretation of the source text and an overall strategy of resistancy are advocated, resulting in a target text with a marked source-text inscription. However, a measure of domestication is unavoidable in the light of the final goal to create an equivalent text which is still readable and will not alienate its addressees. A discussion of relevant concepts from translation studies theory substantiates and motivates the choice of translation strategies and solutions. A thorough reading analysis of the source text supplies the context for an interpretation. Descriptive annotations focus on the translator's methodology. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the chosen strategies and suggestions are made for further study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is die produksie van 'n vertaling in Engels van die eerste deel van Karel Schoeman se roman Hierdie lewe, vertaal as This Life. Daarby word deur middel van beskrywende annotasies verslag gedoen oor die denkprosesse van die vertaler tydens die vertaalproses. Die keuse van bronteks word gemotiveer en die vereistes vir die doelteks word geformuleer. Die probleem word gestel dat relatief min van Schoeman se fiksie reeds in Engels en ander tale vertaal is, moontlik as gevolg van 'n persepsie dat Schoeman se werk moeilik vertaalbaar, of selfs onvertaalbaar is. Een rede hiervoor is 'n besondere beeldryke, liriese, ritmiese skryfwyse, kenmerkend van Schoeman. Dat die bronkultuur te spesifiek en die kulturele gaping te groot is, kan ook 'n rol speel. 'n Hipotese word gestel dat vertaling wel moontlik is mits die vertaalprobleme geïdentifiseer word en strategieë om die probleme op te los, bedink word. 'n Hermeneutiese interpretasie van die bronteks word aanbeveel en 'n oorhoofse weerstandstrategie word voorgestel, met die bronteksinskripsie duidelik in die doelteks waarneembaar. Sekere toegewings aan die brontekskultuur (domestication) is egter onvermydelik in die lig van die einddoelom 'n ekwivalente teks te skep wat tog ook leesbaar is en nie die teikenlesers sal vervreem nie. 'n Bespreking van relevante konsepte uit die vertaalteorie ondersteun en motiveer die keuse van vertaalstrategieë en -oplossings. 'n Deeglike analise van die bronteks verskaf die konteks vir 'n interpretasie. Beskrywende annotasies bevat inligting oor die werkwyse van die vertaler en afleidings word gemaak oor die doeltreffendheid van die gekose strategieë. Die moontlikheid van verdere studie word aangedui.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Johnson, Timothy Paul. "Stephen Gosson's rhetorical strategies in The School of Abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2604.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis shows how Stephen Gosson's The School of Abuse (1579) functions as a rhetorical composition. The elements of writer, readership, and text are each examined in order to elucidate the rhetorical decisions made by Gosson during the composition of The School.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Park, Hyejune. "The Impact of Environmental Factors on Business Strategies in Selected Major U.S. Apparel Manufacturing Companies 1970-2005." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34422.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of environmental factors on business strategies for U.S. apparel manufacturing companies. Three research objectives were established to achieve this study purpose: (a) to explore the business environment of the U.S. apparel manufacturing industry from 1970 to 2005, (b) to investigate the business strategies for selected major U.S. apparel manufacturing companies in response to the environment from 1970 to 2005, and (c) to determine if patterns or themes are found in changes of the business strategies for the selected U.S. apparel manufacturing companies.

Two theories were used as a framework for this study: organizational interpretation process (e.g., Daft & Weick, 1984; Milliken, 1990) and organizational adaptation theory (e.g., Miles & Snow, 1978; Zeithaml & Zeithaml, 1984). Qualitative analysis was conducted for data analysis. Part 1 of data analysis was the in-depth exploration of the business environment for the apparel manufacturing industry in terms of globalization, technology, and consumer; and apparel firms' business strategies that have been implemented in response to these environments, from 1970 to 2005. Part 2 of data analysis was the case studies of two sample apparel companies (i.e., Nike, Inc., VF Corporation). The business strategies of the two companies in response to their business environments from 1970 to 2005 were investigated.

The in-depth exploration of general business strategies of the U.S. apparel industry and the case studies of two sample companies' specific business strategies revealed that U.S. apparel manufacturing companies have gone through the process that was proposed in the model of the study; they have been significantly affected by the environmental changes and have made changes to their business strategies in order to survive. These changes did vary between the two companies in the case study and were related to the original organization of the companies showing a variation in interpretation of the information.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hoffmann, Amy M. "Alternative interpretive strategies for multi-generational learning in public horticulture institutions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 134 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605142581&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Macfarlane, Karen E. "The politics of self-narration : contemporary Canadian women writers, feminist theory and metafictional strategies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0016/NQ44504.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Janott, Christoph [Verfasser], Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Hemmert, Björn [Gutachter] Schuller, and Werner [Gutachter] Hemmert. "Machine Learning Strategies for the Acoustic Interpretation of Snoring Noise / Christoph Janott ; Gutachter: Björn Schuller, Werner Hemmert ; Betreuer: Werner Hemmert." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234656086/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Höglund, Linda. "Discursive practices in strategic entrepeneurship : discourses and the use of repertoires in two firms." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27577.

Full text

Abstract:

This is a thesis in marketing concerned with entrepreneurship in established firms and the discursive practices that take place within a perspective of strategic entrepreneurship. The study of discursive practices in this context assumes a concern with how different aspects of entrepreneurship are produced and consumed by people in text and talk. Strategic entrepreneurship can be seen as an organisational form of entrepreneurship. The latest contribution within strategic entrepreneurship tends to focus on opportunities and advantages in organisations as two processes that need to be considered and managed jointly. In this thesis, I have studied the discursive practices of how scholars position strategic entrepreneurship through an enhanced literature review and by means of a close analysis of assumptions made within strategic entrepreneurship, but also by studying two firms and their discursive practices of constructing opportunity and advantage positions. The results have then been analysed with reference to discourse theory and previous research within entrepreneurship based on European traditions that builds on the linguistic turn. By conducting an empirical study of two firms, I have studied discourses in use, and how they are produced by people. In so doing, two main findings emerge in the discussion of the empirical results: 1) Opportunity and advantage positions emerge in social interaction and are co-constructed. 2) Opportunity and advantage positions are constructed by the use of multiple discourses, on different levels of discourse and for different functions. The main purpose of the thesis is to enhance the understanding of entrepreneurship in established firms and the activities labelled as strategic entrepreneurship. In addressing the purpose, seven theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to research emerge in areas of strategic entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and the enterprising self.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Christoffersen, Rikke. "Narrative strategies in the novels of Erich Maria Remarque : a focus on perspective." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/197.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyses and presents the formal qualities of the novels of Erich Maria Remarque. The aim is to show that these works cannot justifiably be classified as lowbrow literature or Trivialliteratur, a negative criticism which has adhered to Remarque’s name since he wrote Im Westen nichts Neues in 1929. As a result, Remarque has rarely been the subject of scholarly interest; his name is, in fact, seldom found even in general works on modern German literature. The relatively few studies which have been carried out on Remarque and his oeuvre mostly express surprise about this author’s continued exclusion from academic discourse, but although these studies voice their disagreement with the labelling of Remarque as an author of Trivialliteratur, no serious attempts have, thus far, been made to create an argument against this tag. By analysing Remarque’s narrative strategies in depth, this study seeks to establish such an argument. Particular attention will be paid to the narrative perspective, although other aspects of form – structural and textural – will be incorporated in the examination. Due to the interdependence which exists amongst not only the individual formal elements, but also between the form as a whole and the novels’ contents, the strategies Remarque employs will be considered in the context of the novels in their entirety. The analysis will furthermore form the basis for the consideration as to whether Remarque’s narrative techniques remain comparatively unvarying throughout the novels – does the author adhere to an Erfolgsrezept? – or whether they reflect some degree of development. Although Remarque experimented with several literary genres in addition to the novel – short stories, poems, plays and film scripts – this study essentially focuses on the major novels which comprise what may be termed his Hauptwerk. It was on the basis of this part of his oeuvre that Remarque gained fame, but subsequently also the part that instigated the accusation of triviality. When evaluating the validity of the widespread condemnation of Remarque’s authorial abilities, it is thus of limited relevance to examine relatively unknown aspects of his oeuvre. Such material is therefore largely excluded, although it is used for comparative purposes where appropriate. For the sake of general clarification, but also in order to identify signs of development, the novels are analysed chronologically. The range of works on the topic of literary interpretation and assessment is extensive. This study, although acknowledging also other approaches, especially favours the comprehensive and logical method proposed by Boa and Reid’s in Critical Strategies. The opening chapter of this study offers a brief outline of Remarque’s life and oeuvre. It thus serves as an introduction to the author and his work. The chapter proceeds to explore different definitions of the term Trivialliteratur, but also considers the various factors which led to this widespread and persisting classification of Remarque. This chapter furthermore considers the relatively few studies which can be found on Remarque, and stresses especially those relating to his narrative strategies. Their limited number testifies to the level of neglect in this area and which Remarque’s work in its entirety has continued to be subjected to. The six chapters comprising the main body of the study each analyse one or two of Remarque’s major novels. Aside from the point-of-view, they examine the author’s most striking utilization of other narrative tools in relation to the individual novels. These tools, of course, vary in accordance with the themes and messages of the books. Throughout the study, the narrative strategies are considered against the reception of Remarque’s novels which, in addition to comparisons to the work of other authors, serve to place Remarque in the context of his literary contemporaries and the time at which he wrote his novels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Strategic Interpretation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles