Journal articles: 'Strategic Asymmetry'

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Tombak, Mihkel M. "Strategic asymmetry." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 61, no. 3 (November 2006): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.11.014.

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Cao, Jiyun, Arijit Mukherjee, and Uday Bhanu Sinha. "Firm-asymmetry and strategic outsourcing." International Review of Economics & Finance 53 (January 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.10.008.

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Delbono, Flavio, Luca Lambertini, and Luigi Marattin. "Strategic delegation under cost asymmetry." Operations Research Letters 44, no. 4 (July 2016): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2016.04.006.

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Lee, Jaehyoung, Jihoe Hwang, and Giman Nam. "Strategic Deviance and Asymmetry Cost Behavior." korean management review 50, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 1037–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2021.50.4.1037.

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Colombo, Stefano. "Strategic delegation under cost asymmetry revised." Operations Research Letters 47, no. 6 (November 2019): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2019.09.008.

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Owen, Sian, and Alfred Yawson. "Information asymmetry and international strategic alliances." Journal of Banking & Finance 37, no. 10 (October 2013): 3890–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.06.008.

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Gilbert, John, Onur A. Koska, and Reza Oladi. "International trade, differentiated goods, and strategic asymmetry." Southern Economic Journal 88, no. 3 (November 5, 2021): 1178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12541.

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu. "Demand elasticities, asymmetry and strategic trade policy." Journal of International Economics 42, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(96)01453-5.

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PAN, YONGHUA. "DESIGN AND VALUATION OF CORPORATE SECURITIES WITH STRATEGIC DEBT SERVICE AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 02, no. 02 (April 1999): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024999000133.

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This paper studies the effects of strategic debt service, asymmetric information and their interaction on the valuation of corporate securities and on corporate financing decisions. By introducing information asymmetry into a continuous-time setting, our model is able to integrate these two factors in a unified framework. Such a model allows for obtaining valuation results in a separating equilibrium. The basic results of this paper imply that the risk premium of debt could be partly contributed by information effect. This part of risk premium could be very significant for those good firms with a project which will produce much higher cash flows than what the market expects. We also find that a firm's financing decision depends on its primitives: firms are more apt to rely on equity if they have: (1) high growth potential, (2) riskier projects, (3) higher ratio of intangible assets to total assets and (4) lesser information asymmetry; firms would prefer debt, otherwise.

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Mittal, Vikas, Kyuhong Han, Ju-Yeon Lee, and Shrihari Sridhar. "Improving Business-to-Business Customer Satisfaction Programs: Assessment of Asymmetry, Heterogeneity, and Financial Impact." Journal of Marketing Research 58, no. 4 (June 29, 2021): 615–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222437211013781.

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Business-to-business (B2B) companies devote significant resources to measure customer satisfaction but lack guidance on critical aspects of implementing satisfaction programs. Accordingly, executives ask: (1) What are the key strategic attributes driving B2B customer satisfaction? (2) Are the strategic attributes satisfaction balancing, satisfaction maintaining, or satisfaction enhancing based on the pattern of asymmetry? (3) Do the sign and magnitude of asymmetry vary across industry and customer subgroups? and (4) Is there a generalizable link between satisfaction and financial performance for B2B firms? Study 1 uses qualitative and secondary research to identify and validate eight strategic attributes pertinent to B2B companies: quality of product/service, pricing, safety, sales process, project management, corporate social responsibility, communication, and ongoing service and support. Study 2 examines industry-subgroup heterogeneity in the nature of asymmetry across industries, then links satisfaction with performance (i.e., sales). Study 3 finds customer-subgroup heterogeneity in the nature of asymmetry within the customer base of a B2B service provider, then links satisfaction with performance (i.e., dollar value of purchase).

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Winter, Yves. "The asymmetric war discourse and its moral economies: a critique." International Theory 3, no. 3 (September 20, 2011): 488–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971911000145.

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Contemporary military conflicts are frequently referred to as ‘new’, ‘irregular’, or ‘asymmetric’, labels that are meant to distinguish contemporary conflict formations from previous ones. Yet the language of asymmetry is not just a conveniently vague gloss for a variety of conflicts; it also introduces a normative schema that moralizes and depoliticizes the difference between states and non-state actors. The description of contemporary conflicts as asymmetric allows states to be portrayed as victims of non-state actors, as vulnerable to strategic constellations they ostensibly cannot win. ‘Asymmetry’ is today's idiom to distinguish between civilized and uncivilized warfare, an idiom that converts ostensibly technological or strategic differences between state and non-state actors into moral and civilizational hierarchies. Furthermore, the claim that these types of conflicts are new is used to justify attempts to revisit and rewrite the international laws of armed conflicts. While such attempts are unlikely to succeed in the formal arena, informally, a transformation of the international normative order is already underway. At the heart of this transformation is how states interpret a key cornerstone of international humanitarian law: the principle of discrimination between combatants and civilians.

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Dykha, Mariia, Valentyna Lukianova, Valentina Polozova, Nataliia Tanasiienko, and Tatiana Zavhorodnia. "Strategic directions of the national policy in the context of the asymmetry of the regional development." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.27.

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The purpose of the study was to substantiate strategic directions to overcome the asymmetry of regional development. The methodological basis involved a systemic approach that allowed, in turn, a holistic approach to clarify the linkages and patterns of regional development asymmetry and justify strategic measures to overcome it. In the results, it was found that the region's development strategy is a set of interrelated measures aimed at ensuring the principles of sustainable development, improving the quality of life, creating conditions for economic growth, ensuring the efficient use of resources, improving regional self-sufficiency, economic security and competitiveness of the region. It is argued that the region's development strategies should be based on: a) associative approach to the formation of goals and tools to achieve them; b) efficiency in the use of resources; c) participation of a wide range of stakeholders in the substantiation of strategic development directions; d) overall coordination of planning and control processes for the achievement of the set objectives. It is concluded that it is proven that the strategic directions of overcoming the asymmetry of regional development must be led by strategic thinking.

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Gilbert, John, Onur A. Koska, and Reza Oladi. "The scope for strategic asymmetry under international rivalry." International Review of Economics & Finance 80 (July 2022): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.02.013.

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Wagner, Peter A. "Who goes first? Strategic delay under information asymmetry." Theoretical Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2018): 341–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te2171.

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Caldieraro, Fabio, Jonathan Z. Zhang, Marcus Cunha, and Jeffrey D. Shulman. "Strategic Information Transmission in Peer-to-Peer Lending Markets." Journal of Marketing 82, no. 2 (March 2018): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.16.0113.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces, such as Uber, Airbnb, and Lending Club, have experienced massive growth in recent years. They now constitute a significant portion of the world's economy and provide opportunities for people to transact directly with one another. However, such growth also challenges participants to cope with information asymmetry about the quality of the offerings in the marketplace. By conducting an analysis of a P2P lending market, the authors propose and test a theory in which countersignaling provides a mechanism to attenuate information asymmetry about financial products (loans) offered on the platform. Data from a P2P lending website reveal significant, nonmonotonic relationships among the transmission of nonverifiable information, loan funding, and ex post loan quality, consistent with the proposed theory. The results provide insights for platform owners who seek to manage the level of information asymmetry in their P2P environments to create more balanced marketplaces, as well as for P2P participants interested in improving their ability to process information about the goods and services they seek to transact online.

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Kustienė, Aurelija. "Independent audit as a strategic tool to reduce the information asymmetry on the market." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, no. 16 (July 5, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2014.no16.1.

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This paper analyses the problems of information asymmetry in the market. The research problem: how to minimize the limitations of the influence of user information, and the quality of market participants who use financial statements provide information, awareness. The aim of the research is to reveal the independent audit role in reducing information asymmetry in the market. This objective was achieved by analysing the theories of economic: information asymmetry, signalling and agency theories. Based on the analysis of economic theories and using a logical method of analysis it was concluded that the information asymmetry in the market can be reduced by a strategic tool for the independent audit.

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Bács, Zoltán. "Dynamic Asymmetry and Converging Threats." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 20, Special Edition (2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2021.2.ksz.1.

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Terrorism is changing its paradigm. The superb adaptive capability and the diversification of the methods of financing terrorism give the chance to infiltrate into the political establishment of the most vulnerable countries. The terrorist and the criminal syndicates as allies have common methods, common structures but never merge their organisations. Their strategic goals remain different.

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Simandan, Dragos. "Iterative lagged asymmetric responses in strategic management and long-range planning." Time & Society 28, no. 4 (January 12, 2018): 1363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x17752652.

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Actors in competitive environments are bound to decide and act under conditions of uncertainty because they rarely have accurate foreknowledge of how their opponents will respond and when they will respond. Just as a competitor makes a move to improve their standing on a given variable relative to a target competitor, she should expect the latter to counteract with an iterative lagged asymmetric response, that is, with a sequence of countermoves ( iteration) that is very different in kind from its trigger ( asymmetry) and that will be launched at some unknown point in the future ( time lag). The paper explicates the broad relevance of the newly proposed concept of “iterative lagged asymmetric responses” to the social study of temporality and to fields as diverse as intelligence and counterintelligence studies, strategic management, futures studies, military theory, and long-range planning. By bringing out in the foreground and substantiating the observation that competitive environments place a strategic premium on surprise, the concept of iterative lagged asymmetric responses makes a contribution to the never-ending and many-pronged debate about the extent to which the future can be predicted.

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Pardesi, Manjeet S. "Explaining the asymmetry in the Sino-Indian Strategic Rivalry." Australian Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2021.1893267.

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Kshetri, Nir. "Information and communications technologies, strategic asymmetry and national security." Journal of International Management 11, no. 4 (December 2005): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2005.09.010.

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Michalski, Marek, Jose-Luis Montes-Botella, and Ram Narasimhan. "The impact of asymmetry on performance in different collaboration and integration environments in supply chain management." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-09-2017-0283.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the non-linear aspects of the relationship between asymmetry and performance in supply chains (SCs), under varying intensities of collaboration and integration. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a useful new approach to designing strategic elements of supply chain management (SCM) relationships. Using the partial least squares method, an empirical study of 66 companies in Spain has been conducted to clarify contemporary relationships, suggest new directions and ultimately contribute toward developing SCM theory. Findings The influences of asymmetry on performance in varying collaboration and integration contexts are shown to be unstable and have non-linear paths. It is inappropriate for all firms to collaborate or integrate continually, even for a prescribed period. Furthermore, due to asymmetry, SCM processes are more complex. Research limitations/implications The results’ validity may be limited to contexts specific to Spanish SCs. It would be valuable to investigate the impact of asymmetry on firms’ performance and relationships in other markets. Practical implications Collaborations and integration between partners in a SC might change the role of asymmetry from restraining to improving performance. The best way to improve performance in asymmetric relationships is to collaborate. Certain dimensions of integration and full integration are not necessarily required to improve firms’ performance under asymmetry conditions. Originality/value The study adds a new viewpoint on SCM by suggesting that not all collaboration and integration developments lead directly to improved performance.

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Tapiero, Charles S. "STRATEGIC QUALITY ASSURANCE." Journal of Business Economics and Management 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2006.9636120.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategic (game) approach to Quality Assurance. Unlike previous approaches that presume non‐motivated sources of risk, we assume in this paper that risk may arise strategically due to other motivations. For example, problems associated to supply risks received by a producer‐buyer. As a result, strategic quality assurance problems are formulated in terms of random payoff game which we solve while using the traditional approach to risk specification imbedded in quantile risks (Type I and Type II errors in statistics or producers and consumers risks). Technically, the approach devised consists in solving risk constrained (random payoff) games which involve strategic partners, potentially in conflict. The approach devised is then applied to a number of problems spanning essentially mutual sampling (quality assurance) between a buyer and supplier and strategic quality control in supply chains where potential conflict and information and power asymmetry is an inherent part of the operational problem to be dealt with. In such circumstances, contracts agreements might be violated if the parties do not apply strategic control tools to assure that what was intended is actually performed.

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Dhannoon Al Taie, Tareq Mohammed. "Turkey and Iran: Strategic Thinking towards the Middle East "Comparative Study"." Tikrit Journal For Political Science, no. 16 (August 3, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v0i16.152.

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The retreat of Iraq after US occupation, the decline of the Arab states after Arab political changes, and the chaos in which following the change after 2011, led to the emergence of a strategic vacuum and absence of a unified response, thus forming an incentive for Iran and Turkey to activate their strategic performance in the Middle East. As an expression of the accumulation of the historical aspects of both powers, as well as the growing abilities, each state try to increasing of its role, but the central question, where the signs of symmetry and asymmetry?, and why?. Turkey and Iran are a regional players in the Middle East. The strategic thinking of the two countries is based on ideology and interest. However, the interest occupies the most important place in the strategic performance, especially in addressing the political issues of Middle East. The symmetry and asymmetry are regarded the basic pillars of the Turkish and Iranian strategic thinking. The research attempts to prove that the interest occupies a more important position than ideology in Turkey and Iran, especially after the political change in the Arab world by clarifying all the characteristics of Iran and Turkey strategic thinking and conduct compares among them.

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Dries, Nicky, and Sara De Gieter. "Information asymmetry in high potential programs." Personnel Review 43, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 136–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2011-0174.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the implicit beliefs both high potentials and HR directors hold about the terms of the exchange relationship between high potential employees and their organizations. The paper positions the study within the framework of the psychological contract, exploring specifically whether strategic ambiguity and information asymmetries in high potential programs create a heightened risk of psychological contract breach. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 20 high potentials and 11 HR directors from nine different organizations were interviewed. Open and axial coding of the qualitative data was performed by three raters. Findings – Information asymmetry in high potential programs, indeed, poses a potential risk for psychological contract breach. Although strategic ambiguity can be an effective communication strategy in that it creates a power imbalance in favor of the organization, at all times a delicate balance must be maintained between leaving room for flexibility and intuitive decision making, and creating perceived promises in high potential employees that are subsequently broken. In fact, through information asymmetry organizations run the risk of achieving the exact opposite of the goals they had for their high potential programs in the first place. Originality/value – Hardly any research has been done on the psychological effects of identifying a very small proportion of an organization's workforce as high potentials. In addition, research contrasting employee and employer beliefs about psychological contract terms is scarce.

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He, Xiqiong, and Changping Yin. "The impact of strategic deviance on analysts’ earnings forecasts: evidence from China." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2018-0060.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of firm’s deviant strategy on analysts’ earnings forecasts and further examine the effects of firm’s information transparency and environmental uncertainty on these relationships from information asymmetry perspective. Design/methodology/approach The sample includes listed firms on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange during the period 2007-2013. Findings The results indicate that firms’ deviant strategies have effects on analysts’ earnings forecasts, in particular, firms with extreme strategies have less analysts following, larger forecast error and dispersion compared with firms following industry norms. Moreover, information transparency and environmental uncertainty have effects on the relationship between strategic deviance and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Practical implications The empirical results of this paper provide strong evidence that strategy information is an important source of information for analysts’ earnings forecasts, which shows that analysts should pay attention to not only financial information but also the strategic information, especially when the information is related to strategic choice. In addition, it is necessary for investors to focus on strategic information to have a better understanding on financial information of enterprises and make better investment decisions. Originality/value The findings of this study indicate that corporate strategic deviance has an effect on analysts’ earnings forecasting behavior. This study enriches research studies on corporate strategy and external stakeholders and complements related research on analysts’ earnings forecasts from strategic perspective and information asymmetry perspective.

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Derevianko, Igor. "THE HIERARCHY OF STATES AS A MANIFESTATION OF ASYMMETRY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." 39, no. 39 (July 10, 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2021-39-10.

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The typology and functional features of the subjects of international relations are analyzed. Approaches to the definition of «superpower», «large, medium», «small states» are revealed. States as the basic blocks of global structures are heterogeneous systems, as they have different power resources, the increase of which can cause transformations in the structure of international relations and increase asymmetry. It is noted that the relations between the states - participants of the international communication are not isolated from each other, but depend on the degree of hierarchy and interest in each other. The hierarchy of political subjects in the system of international relations is considered: superpowers, large, medium, small states, each of which has its own parameters that can be extrapolated to any country to determine its place in this hierarchy and the level of asymmetry. At the top of the global hierarchy of power, according to the criteria of power, the level of global influence on international processes is a superpower, whose relations with lower-ranking states will be exclusively asymmetric. It is indicated that the traditional parameters of a «great power» are military, economic, intellectual, cultural, scientific and technical potential, which contribute to the formation of relations with medium and small states in an asymmetric format. It is noted that an important element of international policy remains the middle states, which usually belong to the group of influential states of the second level. A small state in political discourse is viewed through the prism of small power, which logically fits into the understanding of a small state. The ratio of power potentials, distribution of power and influence between states as the main elements of the international system is revealed. It was found that the asymmetry of power resources and features of strategic culture between states is a characteristic feature of modern international relations. The principles of asymmetry can be traced between states of different levels of hierarchy. It is noted that the asymmetry-oriented approach contributes to the study of the dynamics of differences between states. Relations between states of different types determine modern international politics, in addition, the vast majority of relations, being asymmetric, are not confrontational.

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Lozhnikova, Anna V., Pyotr P. Shchetinin, Natalia Skrylnikova, and Natalia Redchikova. "Growth of Demand for Materials with New Properties in Foresight and Strategic Planning." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.15.

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The Russian Long-Term Science&Technology Foresight towards 2030 recognizes the critical importance of new materials in virtually all sectors of production, construction, medicine and services. This paper analyzes the essential terminological and content-related problems of foresight categories representation regarding new materials. Besides, the authors consider the development of further measures for direct and indirect (i.e. tax incentives) state support for economic development. The object of study is the science and technology categories “nanotechnologies”, “nanomaterials”, and “nanoproducts”. The study has been conducted using the method of critical technologies. The authors have revealed that the identification of the most promising areas of science and technology development in the framework of foresight, on the one hand, and tax incentives for research and development expenditures, on the other, are asymmetric. The asymmetry is content-related with regard to products and services and, temporal with regard to the duration period. What’s more, it is proposed to expand the current focus of the foresight studies in Russia and ensure that the scope of these studies comprises not only technology but also science and engineering.

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Ben Prince, John, and Neeraj Dwivedi. "A third dimension to understanding voluntary disclosures." Journal of Business Strategy 34, no. 4 (July 12, 2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-11-2012-0063.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish sufficient potential for a novel perspective that could enhance understanding of the rationale behind voluntary disclosures. In this paper, the authors seek to provide an integrated view from different disciplines that points to a new dimension. This dimension is expected to promote a better understanding of voluntary disclosures in corporate governance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the conceptual underpinnings of agency theory and integrate several perspectives from different disciplines. Through the support of simple matrices and a conceptual figure, an interesting finding is proposed that could help provide a new way of looking at voluntary disclosures.FindingsThe established view holds that due to information asymmetry between the shareholders and the management, voluntary disclosures are more meaningful for the shareholders of the firm. The authors, however, suggest that since information asymmetry is already embedded in several roles and strategic actions of the board, it leads to the development of a third dimension in understanding voluntary disclosures.Originality/valueInformation asymmetry has been well understood as one of the key aspects of the agency theory. The authors' strive to apply this phenomenon while looking at the roles of the board and the strategic actions that result therein. The result is an enhanced understanding of the motivations behind voluntary disclosures.

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Wang, Jiawei. "Research on the asymmetric impact of EKOP model based on the concept of green development." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 02057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127502057.

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Green economy as a new development model, its development has risen to the national strategic level. And enterprises as the main body of economic activities should also keep pace with the times and take green development as their basic value orientation. Based on the EKOP model, this paper uses eight stocks in the A-share airline industry, selects three first-order indicators, namely human capital characteristics, board characteristics and equity structure characteristics, to represent corporate governance characteristics, and uses the probability of informed trading to represent the degree of information asymmetry, and studies the influence of corporate governance on information asymmetry. The aim is to explore the relevance of each factor asymmetry and use its findings to serve the development of the green economy model and promote the standardization of corporate governance.

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Lalonde, Carole, and Chloé Adler. "Information asymmetry in process consultation." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 177–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-03-2013-0037.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to revisit Schein’s proposed process-consultation approach as a general framework for management consulting in the light of some premises of the agency theory, namely the behavior induced by the asymmetry of information between the principal (leader-client) and the agent (consultant). Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research consisted of an in-depth, qualitative and phenomenological analysis of 13 cases of organizational intervention based on the practice of four senior consultants in a Canadian management consulting firm whose philosophy is based on organizational development principles and practices. All the cases chosen are characterized by a situation of strategic change as a result of governmental reforms in the healthcare sector between 2005 and 2008. Findings – Overall, the study shows that the relationship between leaders-clients and consultants varies from one stage to another throughout the consultation process and that the information asymmetry does not always benefit the agent as stated in the agency theory. The consultants are required to play diverse roles, either in combination or alternation, during the consultation process; the facilitator’s role, stated as the more efficient role in Schein’s perspective and the more altruistic from the point of view of the agency theory, is not necessarily the role preferred by managers. Moreover, results highlight the idiosyncrasies of healthcare organizations, namely the phenomenon of escalating indecision that comes into play during the implementation phase of change, worth taking into account in the practice and theories of management consulting. Practical implications – This analysis raises a number of questions about the general understanding and applicability of the process consultation as defined by Schein. Perhaps the four consultants have not perfectly mastered the interpersonal skills that Schein’s model presupposes. One may also conclude that the model does not always respond to the expectations and needs of leaders and managers and that, for many consultants, it is difficult to adopt only one role model throughout the consulting process. One may also question its realism in a context of interventions in public organizations, with a plurality of interest groups and ambiguity of goals, where governmental reforms are pressuring managers to control costs. Originality/value – According to Eisenhardt (1989) and Hendry (2002), the agency theory offers promising avenues if combined with other theoretical anchors such as the field of organizational behavior. This study scrutinizes the leader-consultant relationship, and more specifically the type of assistance requested by healthcare leaders as they experienced strategic change and how consultants responded to these requests.

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Miao, Jie, Aijun Liu, Ruiyao Wang, and Hui Lu. "The influence of information asymmetry on the strategic inventory of deteriorating commodity." Omega 107 (February 2022): 102558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2021.102558.

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K.H. Abudalbouh, Walid, and Mohammed Abu Anzeh. "Conceptualizing Russia-Turkey Strategic Political Competition." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i2.1811.

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The Russia-Turkey relationship has risen to become one of the key dynamics defining contemporary geopolitics in the MENA region. The often febrile nature of this bilateral relationship, manifesting in the world’s most febrile region, makes it a worthy and important topic of analysis. Hence, the research rises the question of what are the key driving trends and dynamics define the bilateral relations within such complicated political strategic competition? The hypothesis that there are three key driving trends and dynamics define the bilateral: firstly, the ability for both sides to overlook their competing interests in order to pursue strategically advantageous cooperation; secondly, the shared aim of both nations to use each other to increase their respective autonomy from the West; and thirdly, the economic interdependency that incentivises both sides to maintain cooperation, even if the asymmetry of this interdependence, favouring Russia, has the potential to be used as leverage. Following an examination of these historical trends, the analysis will then expand on these dynamics and show how they’re manifesting in the current bilateral relationship through the extrapolation of the two key case studies of current Russian-Turkish engagement: the Syrian and Libyan conflicts

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Birge, John R., Yifan Feng, N. Bora Keskin, and Adam Schultz. "Dynamic Learning and Market Making in Spread Betting Markets with Informed Bettors." Operations Research 69, no. 6 (November 2021): 1746–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2109.

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How Bookies Can Outwit Sophisticated Bettors Sports-betting markets are based entirely on predictions. A bettor has to pick a winning contestant, and a market maker―a bookie―bets on the opponent. As bookies have to take the other side of every bet, it is of great value to understand the market making problem, that is, how to set the spread lines as “prices” for the bookies. Nevertheless, understanding of this problem is limited. Specifically, sophisticated bettors exist in the market, and a bookie can be manipulated by skillful bettors because of information asymmetry. In “Dynamic Learning and Market Making in Spread Betting Markets with Informed Bettors,” Birge, Feng, Keskin, and Schultz study the market-making problem under information asymmetry and market manipulation. They show that, although many popular learning and pricing algorithms, such as Bayesian policies, are effective in learning, they are vulnerable to strategic manipulations. The authors propose a dynamic learning and pricing algorithm, called the inertial policy, that collects information from the market effectively but also protects the bookie from strategic manipulations.

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Danilova, Irina, and Natalya Korotina. "ASSESSING DECENTRALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC FEDERALISM: CONSIDERING THE FACTOR OF INHOMOGENEITY OF THE SPACE OF STATE DECISIONS." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 15, no. 4 (2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em210401.

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The strategic tasks of Russia in conditions of uncertainty and decrease in business activity, the need to stimulate a new quality of growth in the regional economy have revived a scientific discussion about the development of the system of federal relations, the ratio of centralization and decentralization in management decision-making. The purpose of the article is to clarify def-initions and analyze theoretical foundations of the space of economic federalism and its struc-ture, to develop a methodological approach to assessing decentralization / centralization in the context of managerial and economic (reproductive) metrics, as well as to analyze asymmetry as a basic characteristics of heterogeneity that has developed in the context of regions and macro-territories. The approbation of the methodology has allowed to compare the levels of decentrali-zation and asymmetry of the space of the Russian Federation in the context of regions. A less significant asymmetry of government decisions of a managerial and economic nature at the level of territorial zones of different functional status (centers of economic growth, geostrategic territo-ries, etc.) has been substantiated. The identified trends make it possible to substantiate the need for a new strategic format and application of regulation technologies, the specification of support measures in a territorial-functional context, that is, a combination of universal and the spatially oriented ones, what will allow capitalizing the advantages of decentralized solutions in the current model of economic federalism.

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Skaggs, Bruce C., and Charles C. Snow. "The Strategic Signaling of Capabilities by Service Firms in Different Information Asymmetry Environments." Strategic Organization 2, no. 3 (August 2004): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127004045253.

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Wang, Lihua, Zhiyu Cui, and Xiaoya Liang. "Does It Pay to Be Green? Financial Benefits of Environmental Labeling among Chinese Firms, 2000–2005." Management and Organization Review 11, no. 3 (July 15, 2015): 493–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2014.8.

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ABSTRACTDrawing on economic, sociological, and strategic perspectives, we use data of a large sample of 936 Chinese manufacturing firms in the period from 2000 to 2005 to examine how environmental labeling may affect a firm's financial performance. We argue that reducing information asymmetry, increasing legitimacy, and differentiating strategically through environmental labeling may prompt customers to patronize the firm, thereby enhancing firm performance. However, not all firms benefit equally; environmental labeling conveys fewer benefits for larger firms and for firms listed in a stock market, because they are less threatened by information asymmetry or insufficient organizational legitimacy. Our findings suggest that environmental labeling has generally limited influence on financial performance, but for small and unlisted firms, environmental labeling increases sales.

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Akhtar, Nasreen. "Emerging Challenges to Deterrence Stability in South Asia: A Theoretical Analysis." Journal of Security & Strategic Analyses 8, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.57169/jssa.008.02.0156.

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The nuclear deterrent and conventional capabilities of both Pakistan and India contribute extensively towards maintaining peace and strategic stability in the region. In South Asia, both states have significantly increased their nuclear and conventional capabilities. The recent new trends, at regional as well as global levels, such as growing conventional asymmetry, changing policies of the non-proliferation regime, and the introduction of more sophisticated weapon capabilities pose a direct pernicious challenge to deterrence stability of Pakistan and India - as both nuclear states are immensely increasing their defence system. Through the lens of structural deterrence theory, this paper examines the strategic threats posed to deterrence stability in South Asia. Complete deterrence has become a mirage in South Asia. This paper examines the strategic imbalance in South Asia as the most pertinent threat - the two nuclear adversaries, India and Pakistan, are accumulating military power. This paper argues that strategic imbalance has serious implications for the South Asian region. In this paper, we employ the interpretative methodology.

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Dong, Mengchen, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, and Paul A. M. van Lange. "Strategic Exploitation by Higher-Status People Incurs Harsher Third-Party Punishment." Social Psychology 53, no. 4 (July 2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000493.

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Abstract. It is widely documented that third parties punish norm violations, even at a substantial cost to themselves. However, little is known about how third-party punishment occurs in groups consisting of members who differ in status. Having a higher-status member promotes norm enforcement and group efficiency but also poses threats to collective goods when they strategically exploit people’s trust to maximize self-interest. Two preregistered studies consistently revealed a punitive mechanism contingent on target status and strategic exploitation. Third-party observers generated harsher punishment when high- but not low-status targets transgressed after publicly endorsing cooperation (Study 1) or procedural fairness (Study 2). The findings elucidate third-party punishment as a feasible mechanism to counteract exploitation and maintain social norms in interactions with status asymmetry.

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Gauriot, Romain, and Lionel Page. "Does Success Breed Success? a Quasi-Experiment on Strategic Momentum in Dynamic Contests." Economic Journal 129, no. 624 (July 19, 2019): 3107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez040.

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Abstract We study how agents adapt their behaviour to variations of incentives in dynamic contests. We investigate a real dynamic contest with large stakes: professional tennis matches. Situations in which balls bounce very close to the court’s lines are used as the setting of a quasi-experiment providing random variations in winning probability. We find evidence of a momentum effect for men whereby winning a point has a positive causal impact on the probability to win the next one. This behaviour is compatible with a reaction to the asymmetry of incentives between leaders and followers. We do not find momentum for women.

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Liu, Jian, Miaozong Wu, James McIntosh, and Yi-Po Chiu. "Aging Effect on Gait Symmetry After Perturbation Training." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601238.

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Fall accident is a growing concern for the aging workforce. Reducing fall injuries has been identified as a primary strategic goal in the National Occupational Research Agenda. The objective of the study was to investigate the interaction effect between aging and a novel Automated Walkway Surface Perturbation Training (AWSPT) on kinematic gait asymmetry. Five older adults and five gender-matched younger adults were involved in a laboratory study. Three- dimensional linear accelerations of left and right knee joints were measured via two Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) during both before and after training sessions. Gait asymmetry was quantified by the percentage difference between peak knee resultant acceleration normalized to the average peak knee resultant acceleration. The results indicated significant training effect on Gait Asymmetry Index (GAI). Neither the interaction effect nor the aging effect was found to be significant. In conclusion, the current study provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of AWSPT in improving gait symmetry during normal walking. Such findings support the potential application of AWSPT in reducing risk of falling as well as in gait rehabilitation.

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Cha, Victor D. "Balance, Parallelism, and Asymmetry: United States-Korea Relations." Journal of East Asian Studies 1, no. 1 (February 2001): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000278.

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The George W. Bush presidency has raised wide speculation about future United States' policy toward the Korean peninsula. The conventional wisdom among pundits in Washington, Seoul and elsewhere is that the incoming administration will switch to a ‘harder line’ regarding the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea (DPRK) and move away from the engagement policy practiced during the Clinton administration. In a similar vein, others have argued that Bush will place a premium on reaffirming and consolidating ties with traditional allies and friends like the Republic of Korea (ROK), Japan, and Taiwan while downplaying strategic engagement with China. The problem with such punditry is that it is usually overstated and under analyzed. Given the current state of relations, there is little incentive for dramatic changes in U.S. policy toward North Korea or with regard to the U.S.-ROK alliance. Moreover, given what is known of the Bush administration's foreign policy vision, there is little evidence upon which to predict an unadulterated hard line swing in policy toward Pyongyang.

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Norheim-Hansen, Anne. "From Large to Small Environmental Reputation Asymmetry and Strategic Alliance Performance: A Theoretical Investigation." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 25 (2014): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc20142522.

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Michalski, Marek, Jose Luis Montes, and Ram Narasimhan. "Relational asymmetry, trust, and innovation in supply chain management: a non-linear approach." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2018-0011.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the non-linear aspects of the asymmetry-performance relationship under varying conditions of trust and innovation. Its novel approach is useful for addressing the strategic elements of supply chain management (SCM) relationships based on trust and innovation decisions.Design/methodology/approachResults are based on a study of 90 managers from small- and medium-sized firms in Spain. Instead of a classical linear relationship analysis, the authors performed a non-linear analysis, using polynomial modeling and Warp 3 partial least squares method, which provides a more nuanced view of the data and constitutes an original approach to empirical research in SCM.FindingsThis study adds a new viewpoint on SC relationships by suggesting that not all trust and innovation development leads directly to performance improvement. The principal finding is, in varying trust and innovation contexts, that the influences of asymmetry on performance have uneven characteristics and follow non-linear paths.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on only one particular institutional environment in one country. The data are also cross-sectional, which makes it difficult to empirically test causality.Practical implicationsThe findings provide rational insights to managers on when it is appropriate to reduce (or not) asymmetric relationships with partners.Originality/valueTrust and innovation are important and ones of the key requirements of supply chain relationships in any environment, this study argues that the interactions of key SCM elements that drive members to better performance are more complex and non-linear.

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Banasik, Mirosław. "The Russian Federation Dominance in the International Security Environment." Polish Political Science Yearbook 51 (December 31, 2022): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202237.

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This article presents the research results, which set out to explain the mechanisms leading to the achievement of dominance by the Russian Federation in the international security environment. In the research process, the systemic approach was applied. Analysis and criticism of the literature, non-participatory observation and case study elements were used to solve the research problems. As a result, it was determined that the theoretical basis for the Russian Federation's achievement of international dominance is the concept of new generation war. The model of the strategic influence of the Russian Federation is directed at the shaping of the security environment and includes the synchronisation of kinetic and non-kinetic measures, indirect and direct effects, the blurring of the boundaries between war and peace and the application of pressure and aggression. The Russian Federation achieves strategic dominance through asymmetry, chaos, reflexive control, and strategic deterrence. Armed forces provide a key role in asserting dominance, focused on conducting offensive activities and inflicting losses with conventional and nuclear weapons.

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Ali, Muhammad, and Syed Mussawar Hussain Bukhari. "INDIAN MILITARY DOCTRINE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOUTH ASIA’S STRATEGIC STABILITY." Margalla Papers 26, no. I (June 30, 2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.26.i.98.

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India’s aggressive military doctrine exploits the questionable space for a limited war under a nuclear overhang. This doctrine is designed to dilute, if not fully compromise, the notion of nuclear deterrence. Indian military high command has often boasted about waging a conventional war against Pakistan. India’s unilateral decision to repeal Kashmir’s special constitutional status has further exacerbated the volatility of the hitherto conflict-prone environment in South Asia. India’s doctrine manifests in the offensive deployment of S-400 missile systems along Pakistan’s border, further supplemented by the positioning of Dassault Rafale fighter jets. While it might temporarily alter the region’s strategic stability equation, Pakistan must rebalance this shift in its strategic stability. There is a need to review the notion of strategic stability as it applies to the region’s nuclear balance of power. This paper analyses India’s aggressive military doctrine fuelling its desire to wage a limited conventional war against Pakistan, examines the effects of growing military asymmetry, evaluates the impact of the short but swift military action in February 2019, and finally endeavours to determine the stabilizing impact of the nuclear deterrent on South Asia’s strategic stability. Bibliography Entry Ali, Muhammad, and Syed Mussawar Hussain Bukhari. 2022. "Indian Military Doctrine and Its Impact on South Asia’s Strategic Stability." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 74-84.

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Ajina, Aymen, Danielle Sougne, and Faten Lakhal. "Corporate Disclosures, Information Asymmetry And Stock-Market Liquidity In France." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i4.9297.

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This paper aims at studying the effect of corporate disclosures on information asymmetry and stock-market liquidity in France. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of information included in the annual reports on investors behavior. This is proxied by the information asymmetry component of the bid-ask spread and stock market liquidity. Our sample includes 196 French listed firms over a period ranging from 2004 to 2007. The results show that the extent of corporate disclosures in annual reports positively influences the liquidity of the French market and negatively affects the adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread. This effect is further confirmed by the commitment to IFRS by French-listed firms since 2005. Results on sub-scores show that non-financial and financial information are important in trading decisions while strategic information may be attractive only for long-term positions.

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Malykh, Sofya. "Strategic Alliances: Opportunities for Innovation and Effects for Competition." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2019, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201924.

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The study is dedicated to answering the question of what effects, related to which factors, should be taken into account when evaluating the integral effect of a strategic alliance in a knowledge-intensive industry for competition. Features of R & D can significantly affect the public reaction to the desire of companies to cooperate - even if the intended merger will lead to monopolization of the market. Although the problem of the influence of alliances on competition is widely covered, there are quite a few works exploring the impact of cooperation between companies in the field of research and development on social welfare in general. An original model was proposed, based both on the standard prerequisites for such work and on the prerequisites that were rarely included in the models devoted to strategic alliances: the conclusion of a contract for the development of a specific project and the launch of a new product on the market, the asymmetry of investment processes in companies, the possibility of reaching the market at once two solutions.Using my model, I found out that there are hypothetically such circumstances in which a strategic alliance, even if it leads to collusion, can increase social welfare and be desirable for society.

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Berger, Helge, and Marcel Thum. "News Management in Monetary Policy: When Central Banks Should Talk to the Government." German Economic Review 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00022.

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Abstract Central banks are often considered to be better informed about the present or future state of the economy than the government. A conservative central bank has an incentive to exploit this asymmetry by strategically managing its information policy. Strategic news management will keep the government uncertain about the state of the economy and increase the central bank's leeway for conducting a conservative monetary policy. We show that withholding information from the government is an equilibrium. However, there are also well-defined limits to strategic information policy as the central bank has to distort monetary policy to be in line with its news management. A simple extension of our findings is that, if the government on occasion learns about the bank's true information, it will then overrule the central bank's decision on monetary policy.

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Berger, Andrea, and Avishai Henik. "The Endogenous Modulation of IOR is Nasal-Temporal Asymmetric." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, no. 3 (May 2000): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900562246.

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Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a reflexive mechanism mediated by phylogenetically primitive extrageniculate visuomotor pathways, which apparently serves to favor novel spatial locations by inhibiting those recently sampled. We demonstrate an asymmetry between temporal and nasal hemifields in the strategic modulation of IOR by endogenously controlled attention. Exogenous and endogenous precues were manipulated independently on each trial such that precues to initiate endogenous spatial orienting were presented after IOR had been activated by exogenous visual signals. Both types of precues manifested their characteristic effects on reaction time (RT) to detect subsequent targets: facilitation by endogenous precues, and IOR by exogenous precues. Under monocular viewing, an asymmetric interaction between these two mechanisms was observed. While endogenous allocation of attention to the nasal hemifield reduced IOR, no endogenous modulation of IOR was present in the temporal hemifield where the effects of the two types of precues were independent. These observations suggest a framework for understanding the neurobiology of automaticity and control—from an evolutionary perspective.

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Brusylovska, Olga, and Igor Koval. "Russian Politics Toward Ukraine: was there Ever a Strategic Partnership?" Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2019.1.9.

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The hypothesis of this research was that these states never had a rich level of strategic partner-ship (despite the officially proclaimed status), but always remained a sort of “negative strate- gic dependence” because of the high level of asymmetry in their relations. I. Zhovkva proved that the attribute of strategic partnership is community of strategic interests without its further reflections existing relations are superfluous. G. Perepelytsia marked that scientists must distinguish two definitions of strategic partnership – as a level of the attained cooperation and as an instrument of state foreign policy. In the given article strategic partnership is examined in two measures. The first part is sanctified to the use of the concept of strategic partnership in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation (on the example of Ukraine), and second to accordance of level of their cooperation proclaimed strategic partnership. After 1991, the goal of Moscow was ‘a friendly and neutral Ukraine.’ The relations were built primarily on an economic basis, but even then Russia widely used a ban on the import of some goods as a political instrument. After 2004, problems in Russian-Ukrainian relations related to the Russian military base in Crimea and the basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet aggravated. Kremlin tried to destruct Ukraine rather than let it go its own way these witnessed against the contemporary concept of strategic partnership, which was the foundation of Russian politics towards Ukraine. Rather, the RF used very old policy of ‘stick and carrot’ (low gas prices and other economic preferences as the carrot, responsibility for ‘compatriots’ as the stick). The Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was denounced as well as all Russian-Ukrainian agreements on the Black Sea Fleet, so, the RF itself refuses from using ‘strategic partnership’ as instrument of its policy towards Ukraine.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Strategic Asymmetry'

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