Dissertations / Theses: 'Strategic Asymmetry'

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Stablein, Thomas P. "Improving Strategic IT Investment Decisions by Reducing Information Asymmetry." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7577.

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The unprecedented ubiquity with which technological advancements, such as blockchain, the Internet of things (IoT), big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI), are impacting the world has forced large organizations to rethink their information technology roadmaps. Their decisions about how they invest in technology have become more important. It is against this backdrop that companies must decide how much to invest in their aging technologies versus these new potentially transformational ones. A decision is only as good as the information available to the decision-makers when they make it. This research project seeks to understand the effects that information asymmetry has on strategic information technology (IT) investment decisions within large complex organizations. The data collected for this study was gathered from six executives. The conceptual model was grounded in Akerlof’s (1978) seminal paper on information asymmetry. This study followed an Action Design Research (ADR) approach to formulate the problem and an elaborated Action Design Research (eADR) process model to create a solution. Results indicate that using the proposed solution will result in organizations making more informed strategic IT investment decisions.

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Ekman, Sofie, and Rita Razifar. "Power Division in Strategic Alliances : How to be Successful despite Power Asymmetry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2825.

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Background: In resent years, the number of alliances has increased rapidly. Through collaborating with other firms, companies hope to gain certain benefits that they cannot reach on their own. However, the division of power in strategic alliances can be asymmetric, endangering the achievement of goals and objectives in the alliance for the less influential party.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify success factors for companies with less influence and power than their collaboration partner/s in a strategic alliance.

Delimitation: This study concerns strategic alliances characterised by one party making an equity investment in the other party. The study is, furthermore, conducted from the perspective of the less influential party with relatively less power in the alliance.

Realisation: A case study was conducted based on six interviews and a questionnaire among employees at the mobile operator Swisscom Mobile. The company is involved in a strategic alliance with Vodafone and is part of the world leading Vodafone Group.

Results: The main findings of this thesis show that power asymmetry in an alliance originates from factors both on a dyadic level and on a network level and that these levels affect each other. Companies with a weaker power position must strive for counteracting the existing power asymmetry in order to secure their goals and objectives in the alliance. This study shows that this can be achieved through, for instance, partly having different goals than the partner/s, increasing the dependence of the partner/s on the own resources, absorbing information and know-how and learning from the partner/s, building trust in the relationship through personal contacts and safeguarding goals and objectives through a written contract and “economic hostage”.

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Rhodin, Fredrik, and Niclas Nyström. "Wisdom of the Crowds in a Market of Lemons : An Evaluation of the Financial Information Quality in Equity Crowdfunding." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149308.

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Online equity crowdfunding is a way for entrepreneurs to raise capital that has exploded in popularity in recent years. Information asymmetry and poor investor protection are threats for the long-term legitimacy of equity crowdfunding. In this study we examine the quality of the financial information shared on the crowdfunding platforms, since it is what investors have to rely on when making investment decisions. We evaluate the financial information both quantitatively and qualitatively to assess the quality in terms of accuracy and adequacy. More specifically we examine the financial forecasts primarily with quantitative methods and valuation primarily with qualitative. In total, we examine 22 companies on the Swedish equity crowdfunding platform FundedByMe. The financial forecasts are compared with the outcome from the income statements to find out if they are systematically biased. The results show that the financial forecasts are systematically overestimated. Based on previous research we have suggested two explanations for the overestimations; either overconfidence bias and/or strategic behavior. We also find the information regarding assumptions and methods used in the valuation to be inadequate. We perceive that investors needs higher quality financial information in terms of accuracy and adequacy to make well-formed investment decisions. Our recommendations are therefore to regulate equity crowdfunding further and impose higher demands on information quality. Otherwise equity crowdfunding will possibly end up as a market of “lemons”.

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Mahamadou, Mindaoudou Zoubeyda Dela. "Les alliances stratégiques entre les firmes multinationales et les PME et firmes multinationales : spécificités et évaluation de la performance." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU2007/document.

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Les alliances stratégiques connaissent depuis quelques décennies un fort essor tant en termes de pratiques managériales des entreprises qu’en termes de recherches académiques. Cet essor s’est accompagné de nombreuses controverses sur leurs issues (performances) et sur les facteurs les influençant. Par cette recherche, notre objectif est d’appréhender le phénomène des alliances stratégiques asymétriques en identifiant ses principales caractéristiques et les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer positivement ou négativement sa performance. Dans cette perspective, notre première phase de recherche a consisté en la réalisation d’un état de l’art sur les concepts des alliances stratégiques en général, des alliances asymétriques en particulier et de la performance. Sur cette base, nous avons pu établir huit hypothèses de recherche que nous avons ensuite testé en adoptant une démarche qualitative par étude de 10 cas d’alliances asymétriques. Notre application empirique a concerné les alliances stratégiques entre les PME françaises et les firmes multinationales opérant dans l’industrie aéronautique et a été conduite du point de vue des PME impliquées. L’analyse de nos hypothèses de recherche nous a permis d’obtenir trois résultats principaux : l’existence de liens forts entre les spécificités des partenaires et leurs motifs pour ces alliances; l’existence de liens négatifs importants entre certaines asymétries entre les partenaires (taille, culture organisationnelle et expériences d’alliances) et la performance relationnelle ; et l’existence de liens positifs importants entre la complémentarité des ressources des PME et des multinationales impliquées et leurs résultats quantitatifs (performance financière et apprentissage organisationnel). Nos résultats confortent certaines recherches antérieures sur les caractéristiques et la performance des alliances asymétriques. Ils peuvent aussi faire l’objet de recommandations pratiques aux dirigeants des PME impliquées dans ces relations
Strategic alliances in recent decades experienced a strong growth both in terms of firms management practices and in terms of academic research. This growth has been accompanied by many controversy concerning their outcomes (performance) and the factors influencing these outcomes. Through this research, our objective is to understand the phenomenon of asymmetric strategic alliances by identifying its main characteristics and factors that may positively or negatively influence its performance. In this perspective, our research first phase consisted of the realization of a state of the art on the concepts of strategic alliances in general, asymmetric alliances in particular and performance. On this basis, we established eight research hypotheses that we tested by adopting a qualitative approach by studying 10 cases of asymmetric alliances. Our empirical application concerned strategic alliances between French SMEs and multinational companies operating in the aviation industry and was conducted from the perspective of SMEs involved. Analysis of our research hypotheses allowed us to obtain three main results: the existence of strong links between partners specificities and their alliances motivation; the existence of significant negative links between between partners asymmetries in terms of (size, organizational culture and experiences) and relational performance; and the existence of significant positive relationship between SMEs and multinationals involved resources complementarity and their quantitative results (financial performance and organizational learning). Our results confirm some previous research concerning of asymmetric alliances characteristics and performance. They can also be objects of practical recommendations to managers of SMEs involved in these relationships

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Smith, Andrew D. "Asymmetric oligomerisation strategies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325573.

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Scriffignano, Anthony James. "Strategic Asymmetric Multicultural Alliances in Business." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1278017139.

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Susa, Taiki, and Hikaru Ogawa. "Strategic Delegation in Asymmetric Tax Competition." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19504.

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Piracha, Matloob Elahi. "Essays on strategic trade policy under asymmetric information." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414054.

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Vickery, Benjamin David. "New strategies for asymmetric Aldol reactions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301299.

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Peterson, David J. "Essays on strategic trading, asymmetric information, and asset pricing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0023/NQ38958.pdf.

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Lwin, Michael R. "Great powers, weak states and asymmetric strategies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31921.

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On the verge of the twenty-first century, America finds itself in the position of a great power with dominant military technology. This thesis examines the possibility that weaker states may be able to strategically innovate and defeat us in war despite our technological advantages. The purpose of the thesis is to survey what type of strategic innovations, also known as asymmetric strategies, are possible and to examine the conditions under which they may be successful. This thesis begins by defining asymmetric strategies using a comprehensive model of strategy developed by Rear Admiral J.C. Wylie. The thesis also examines four variables which may explain the success or failure of asymmetric strategies. To illustrate possible asymmetric strategies and examine the contextual conditions under which they work, the thesis considers the cases of the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935-36, the Russo-Finnish War of 1939- 40, and the American-North Vietnamese War of 1965-73. The thesis finds that the four variables have significant explanatory power for the success or failure of these strategies. The thesis concludes by examining strategic implications for the United States, both as a possible opponent of weak states and as a supporter of a weak state faced by a great power threat.

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Wulff, Marco. "Strategic behavior and cooperation in an asymmetric oligopoly an economic analysis." München Verl. Dr. Hut, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992162785/04.

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Chen, Dianjun [Verfasser]. "Novel strategies for asymmetric hydrogenation reactions / Dianjun Chen." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018219838/34.

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Wahlberg, Niklas, and Alexander Olsson. "Impacting Information Asymmetry within the Swedish Equity Crowdfunding Market : An aggregated approach on how equity crowdfunding platforms work to govern, control and reduce information asymmetry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354377.

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The equity crowdfunding market has since the financial crisis in 2008 become an important source of alternative financing in Sweden. The equity crowdfunding platforms constitute the market and are responsible for governing the investment relationships. However, the market is not regulated, and in the spring of 2018 the Swedish government proposed regulatory changes for the platforms to impact the problem of information asymmetry. There are different approaches on how to impact the problem, and therefore the thesis sets out to understand how the equity crowdfunding platforms within the Swedish market work to impact information asymmetry. Empirical data has been collected from five different Swedish equity crowdfunding platforms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals whose work is connected to governing and impacting information asymmetry. The analysis of the empirical findings identifies five main reasons for the arise of information asymmetry and the platforms work to control and reduce information asymmetry by mitigation strategies, investor communication and effective signaling. The findings indicate that there is a trade-off between controlling information asymmetry and making the financing method accessible within the market. This study contributes to the understanding of how equity crowdfunding platforms work to impact information asymmetry within the Swedish market.

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Galzerano, Patrizia <1982&gt. "New organocatalytic asymmetric strategies: simply catalysts for complex molecules." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2960/.

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Harris, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Asymmetric Strategies and Asymmetric Threats: A Structural-realist Critique of Drone Strikes in Pakistan, 2004-2014." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64516.

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As a component of the overall policy to defeat global terrorism and prevent attacks against the U.S., the Bush and Obama administrations have turned to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones. From 2004 to 2014, Pakistan has seen the largest volume of U.S. drone strikes targeting radical groups such as al Qaeda and the Taliban, a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. On the surface, using drones to eliminate terrorists while avoiding an official armed conflict aligns with the theory of neo- or structural realism developed by Kenneth Waltz. And yet although 9/11 served as the impetus for the U.S. to refocus attention on ameliorating the threat of terrorism and to initiate far-reaching measures to protect homeland security, there remains intense debate over whether or not the U.S. is actually more secure than it was prior to 9/11. While structural realism is still relevant to the current international system, the effects of drone strikes in Pakistan may set the U.S. on a path toward increasingly destabilizing situations that could lead to heightened insecurity and ultimately a change in power in the international system. The existing literature suggests that drone strikes in Pakistan are (1) leading to revenge-driven counter attacks, (2) intensifying radical anti-Americanism and creating more potential terrorists, (3) damaging the U.S. relationship with nuclear-armed Pakistan, (4) destabilizing the regions where drone attacks are launched, and (5) undermining American 'soft power.' The culmination of these five trends has the potential to disrupt the current balance of power in a way that is not in America's national interest. The unique security dilemma presented by the asymmetrical threat of terrorism and the asymmetrical response of drone strikes necessitates the continued evolution of neorealism as an IR theory.
Master of Arts

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Eckermann, Matthias. "Venture capitalists' exit strategies under information asymmetry evidence from the US venture capital market /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://www.springerlink.com/content/qp7332/.

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Eckermann, Matthias. "Venture capitalists' exit strategies under information asymmetry evidence from the US venture capital market /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2005. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134343.

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Bambach, Markus. "Process strategies and modelling approaches for asymmetric incremental sheet forming." Aachen Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988445239/04.

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Bambach, Markus. "Process strategies and modelling approaches for asymmetric incremental sheet forming /." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988445239/04.

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Salama, Mohamed Feras. "Diversification strategies, financial leverage, and excess value the role of information asymmetry and corporate governance /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Lundberg, Fredrik. "How does asymmetric latency in a closed network affect audio signals and strategies for dealing with asymmetric latency." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medier ljudteknik och upplevelseproduktion och teater, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69065.

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This study investigates Audio over IP. A stress test was used to see what impact asymmetric latency had on the audio signal in a closed network. The study was constructed into two parts. The first part is the stress test where two AoIP solutions were tested. The two solutions where exposed in two forms of asymmetric latency. First a fixed value was used, next, a custom script was used to simulate changing values of asymmetric latency. The second part of this study involved interviews that where conducted with representatives from the audio industry that are working with audio over IP on a dayto-day usage. The goal for these interviews was to figure out what knowledge the audio industry had about asymmetric latency, if the industry had experienced problems related to latency and what general knowledge the industry has about networks. It was found in the interviews that the limitation in AoIP isn’t the technology in itself but rather missing knowledge with the people that are using the systems.

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LU, Juan. "Equilibrium and strategies of horizontal mergers inasymmetric differentiated oligopoly." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2013. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/26.

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Building an asymmetric differentiated goods quantity competition model, the present paper explores how substitutability of products, one of the factors affecting the unilateral effect, determines horizontal mergers and acquisitions equilibrium and strategies. It seems intuitively obvious that the merger between firms with goods that are sufficiently close substitutes can be more profitable. However, this thesis's counter-intuitive results show that, for some parameter values, a merger is more profitable for the merging firm when the target firm produces a distant substitutes (i.e., when it is not the closest competitor to the acquiring firm in the market).The theoretical analysis shows that to merge with firm with low substitute parameter is more profitable provided that target firms are close enough and the both of them are distant enough from merging firms. The results in Cournot model and Bertrand have some similarities, for example, they both harm to consumer surplus and the optimal strategy harms most. For the difference, for example, in Coumot model, whenever it is profitable to merge with a distant competitor, it is the optimal strategy, while in Bertrand model, it depends. The paper also extends the classical "horizontal merger paradox" to a setting of asymmetric differentiated oligopoly.

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Ahmed, Saleh. "Strategies to Access Business Loans for Small and Medium Enterprises in Jordan." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7907.

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Abstract Business financing is crucial to the development and performance of small and medium enterprises (SME) in developing countries. Obtaining loans by SMEs in Jordan is vital for creating employment, reducing poverty ratio, and augmenting SMEs growth. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to discover strategies SME owners use to access credit. The population comprised of 3 SME owners in Jordan who successfully accessed credit. The conceptual frameworks for this study were the social capital theory and the pecking order theory. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews and companies' archived records. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis; three themes emerged to include sources of finance, education and skills, and social networking. The implications for positive social change include the potential to help SME leaders develop strategies to stabilize and grow their businesses. Business growth can create jobs and decrease poverty in Jordan.

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Cukrowski, Jacek, and Manfred M. Fischer. "European Integration: Strategic Market Research and Industry Structures." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3962/1/SSRN%2Did1435350.pdf.

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The paper is concerned with the impact of market research prior to integration, on the structures of noncompetitive industries in integrated economy. The analysis focuses on separated, single commodity, monopolistic markets with stochastic demand. Monopolistic firms are considered in dynamic multiperiod model, where intertemporal links are determined by expenditures on market research in a present period and benefits from this activity (i.e., smaller variance of the prediction error) in the future. Assuming that each firm maximizes its total discounted expected utility from profit in indefinite time, we show that the optimal market research strategy is stationary and depends on market size. Consequently, in the period following integration firms operating prior to integration in small markets (such as Slovenia, Czech Republic, Hungary or Estonia) are expected to have much less information about the integrated market than their competitors operating before integration on European market. This informational asymmetry may affect the structure of the industry in integrated economy. In the extreme case, the firm operating before integration in the small market can be ruled out from the integrated market. (authors' abstract)

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Molander, Lukas, and Shih Jung Yape. "Toxicity Levels of Stock Markets : Observing Information Asymmetry in a Multi-Market Setting." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209791.

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The presence of toxic order ow and predatory HFT strategies in a multi-market setting are scarcely researched in the academic world. This thesis studies the toxicity levels of a set of markets by examining unconsolidated quote data and firm specific trade data. A method for deducing the markets toxicity levels is presented along with proxies for toxic order ow, namely: changes in spread and quoted volume, following a trade in a given market. We find both signs of toxicity and different toxicity levels between the markets. However, the results are lacking in statistical significance but they show that this field is of great interest for further research. Also, the methods proposed for deducing the toxicity levels are rudimentary but could serve well as a premise for further development.
Närvaron av toxic order flow och predatoriska HFT-strategier i en flermarknadsmiljö är föga studerat i den akademiska världen. Denna avhandling studerar detta på en uppsättning marknader genom att undersöka okonsoliderad quote data och firma specifika trades, och på så vis ta fram marknadernas toxicity-nivåer. En metod för att fastställa marknadernas toxicity-nivåer presenteras tillsammans med proxys för toxic order flow, mer specifikt: förändringar i spread och quotad volym, efter en handel på en given marknad. Vi finner både tecken på toxicity och olika toxicityniv åer mellan marknaderna. Resultaten saknar dock statistisk signifikans men de visar ändå på att detta område är av stort intresse för ytterligare forskning. De metoder som föreslås för att fastställa toxicity-nivåerna är rudimentära, men kan tjäna som en utgångspunkt för vidare utveckling.

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Kong, Jean Jin. "Topics on strategic games between two asymmetric firms and pricing of credit default swap by multi-variate rational lognormal model /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202006%20KONG.

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Bambach, Markus [Verfasser]. "Process Strategies and Modelling Approaches for Asymmetric Incremental Sheet Forming / Markus Bambach." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162791357/34.

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Mantri, Padmaja. "Arachidonic acid aci-Reductone strategies : asymmetric synthesis of 2-hydroxytetronic acid antimetabolities /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078452092.

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Tsai, Wen-Hsiang. "An analysis of China's information technology strategies and their implications for US national security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FTsai.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Karl D. Pfeiffer. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89). Also available in print.

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Le, Hai. "Developments in palladium catalyzed reactions: Strategies to synthesize asymmetric 1,5-dienes and 1,4-dicarbonyls." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104389.

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Thesis advisor: James P. Morken
This dissertation details recent developments in palladium catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reactions with two areas of focus: the palladium catalyzed branched and enantioselective allyl-allyl cross-coupling, and the palladium catalyzed carbonylative conjugate addition. Allyl-allyl cross-coupling presents an opportunity to synthesize 1,5-dienes, a scaffold that resembles subunits of terpenes, a critical building block in nature. Chapter I provides an overview of the developments in the allyl-allyl cross-coupling area. Chapter II, III, and IV detail strategies to construct complex substituted asymmetric 1,5-dienes through branched selective and enantioselective allyl-allyl cross-coupling. In chapter V, the palladium catalyzed carbonylative conjugate addition is discussed. This method enables the synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in an atom economical and environmentally friendly fashion, and provides a direct access to five membered heterocycles, a valuable class of chemicals in medicine
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry

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Stenson, Rachel Anne. "The development of strategies for the asymmetric synthesis of terminal epoxides and aziridines." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341817.

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Al-Bahrani, Abdullah A. "MARKET STRUCTURE AND MORTGAGE PRICING: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION IN FIRM AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/26.

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This dissertation analyzes information, market structure, and firm pricing strate-gies. I begin the dissertation with an analysis of the market structure of the mortgage in-dustry. I find that the configuration of the mortgage market at its present state is vastly different than its historical structure. The reduction in the cost of transmitting informa-tion has increased the collaborative environment and facilitated the dis-integration of the supply chain. Generally, the mortgage industry has been successful at reducing principal-agent problems and minimizing asymmetric information concerns that arise in segmented markets. In the first essay I provide a theoretical explanation of the effect of the internet on market outcomes. Search models assume that the reduction in search frictions would lead to competitive markets. However, I argue that gatekeepers operating in online markets may create an anticompetitive effect, in addition to reducing the consumers’ search cost. Therefore, the conduct of the gatekeeper can cause prices in online markets to be higher than in retail markets and provide online firms with larger profits. In the second essay “I empirically examine the role of the internet and Internet Comparison Search sites in reducing consumer search costs and their effects on the prices consumers pay for mortgages. Additionally, I expand the study to test for the effects of the internet on firm profits. Using a unique data set, I examine a mortgage firm’s pricing strategies and profits in online and retail markets, and find evidence of market power in online markets that do not exist in retail markets. The presumed benefits to the consumer from the reduction of search cost are offset by the anticompetitive environment in online markets. In the final essay, I examine a mortgage firm’s portfolio choice. I investigate the loan characteristics that affect the firm’s decision to retain mortgages as part of its own portfolio. I find that the decision to retain loans as a lender is driven by unobservable qualities. The firm does sort loans by quality, but it also prices non-brokered loans lower based on unobservable qualities. The sorting behavior suggests that asymmetric information exists between the lender and the secondary market.

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Gonzalez, Germán H. "Productivity Gap and Asymmetric Trade Relations: The Canada-United States of America Integration Process." Economía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117763.

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The usefulness of the European model of integration is currently subject to debate and the North American integration process has been largely ignored as a comparative framework. The asymmetrical relationship between Canada and the United States began a long time before NAFTA, and the study of this process could shed light on the usual problems faced by Latin American countries. This article attempts to encourage discussion about this topic. Particularly,there is evidence for a substantial and positive change in Canadian productivity at the time of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA). However, the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) does not seem to have had the same effect as the earlier treaty.
La utilidad del modelo europeo de integración es actualmente sujeto de debate, mientras que el proceso de integración norteamericano ha sido largamente ignorado como un marco comparativo. La relación asimétrica entre Canadá y los Estados Unidos empezó hace mucho tiempo antes del NAFTA, y el estudio de este proceso podría dar luces en los problemas usuales enfrentados por países latinoamericanos. Este artículo intenta promover la discusión sobre este asunto.Particularmente, existe evidencia de un cambio positivo y sustancial en la productividad canadienseen el momento del acuerdo comercial entre Canadá y los Estados Unidos (CUFTA). Sin embargo, la promulgación del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica (NAFTA) no pareceque haya tenido el mismo efecto que el tratado anterior.

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Lindahl, Therese. "Strategic and environmental uncertainty in social dilemmas." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2005. http://web.hhs.se/efi/summary/674.htm.

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Sémirat, Stéphan. "Symétries et asymétries des jeux de conversation gratuite multi-dimensionnels." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE008/document.

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Cette thèse étudie de manière théorique les déterminants et les conséquences économiques de la transmission d'information entre agents rationnels.Un agent possède une information privée sur un état du monde, émet un message qui est observé par un agent a priori non informé, et ce dernier décide d'une action à prendre. L'information éventuellement transmise est sans engagement, sans coût et sans possibilité de vérification.L'état du monde et l'action impactent l'utilité des deux agents.Il y a possibilité de transmission d'information dans la situation d'équilibre où l'association d'un message à un ensemble d'états du monde induit l'action qui la détermine.La nature des équilibres est en général conditionnée par le conflit d'intérêt des agents, qui est la distance entre leur action préférée, étant donné l'état du monde.Dans les trois chapitres de la thèse, nous considérons un état du monde et une action bi-dimensionnels, une révélation d'information utilisant deux messages à l'équilibre, et nous supposons que l'utilité de l'agent non informé décroît avec la distance euclidienne entre l'état du monde, qu'il ne connait pas a priori, et son action.Le conflit d'intérêt des agents est alors la distance entre l'état du monde et l'action préférée de l'agent informé, qu'il ne décide pas.Chaque chapitre étudie l'impact de différents facteurs conflictuels sur les conditions d'existence d'équilibres informatifs.Dans le premier chapitre, nous étudions l'impact de la prise en compte, par l'agent informé, d'une complémentarité des deux dimensions de l'état du monde. Dans le second chapitre, nous étudions l'impact d'un biais constant de l'agent informé relativement à l'action préférée de l'agent non informé. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions l'impact d'un intérêt croissant pour associer une action plus grande à un état du monde plus grand
We investigate how information is transmitted and processed between rational agents, from a theoretical perspective.An informed agent holds private information on a state of the world, sends a message which is observed by an uninformed agent, who takes a decision.Information transmitted is without commitment, at no cost and unverifiable.State and action impact both agents' utility.There is information transmission in equilibrium when the relationship between messages and states induces the action that precisely generates the relationship.In the three chapters, we consider a two-dimensional state, a two-dimensional action, an information revelation that uses two messages in equilibrium, and we assume that the uninformed agent's utility function is decreases with the euclidean distance between state and action.Then agents' conflict of interest simplifies to the distance between state and the most highly preferred informed agent's action.In each chapter, we investigate how specific conflicting features of the agents' utility functions impact the equilibrium existence conditions.In chapter 1, we investigate the impact of complementarities between the dimensions in the informed agent's utility. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of a constant bias of the informed agent with regard to the uninformed agent's preferred action. In chapter 3, we investigate the informed agent's incentives to exaggerate more with an higher state

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Fernández, Pérez Héctor. "Towards highly efficent ligands for asymmetric hydrogenations: a covalent modular approach and investigations into bio-inspired supramolecular strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9041.

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La preparación de nuevos ligandos quirales P-OP (fosfina-fosfinitos y fosfina-fosfitos), fácilmente preparados con una estrategia sintética en dos etapas desde una aproximación covalente, es descrita en la presente Tesis Doctoral. El mejor catalizador de la serie ha demostrado tener propiedades catalíticas excelentes en la hidrogenación asimétrica catalizada por rodio de una amplia variedad de olefinas funcionalizadas. El resultado excelente y el diseño modular de los ligandos sintetizados hacen éstos muy atractivos para futuras aplicaciones.
La presente Tesis Doctoral describe también la preparación de nuevos ligandos quirales que pueden comportarse como catalizadores supramoleculares inspirados en el mecanismo de regulación alostérica de los enzimas.
A library of enantiomerically pure P-OP ligands (phosphine-phoshinites and phosphine-phosphites) straightforwardly available in two synthetic steps from enantiopure Sharpless epoxy ethers is reported in the present PhD. Thesis. The "lead" catalyst of the series has proven to have outstanding catalytic properties in the rhodium-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide variety of functionalised alkenes. Their excellent performance and modular design makes them attractive for future applications.
This PhD. Thesis also reports the development of a practical route to chiral diphosphine ligands with supramolecular motifs, with potential for allosteric modulation, which we prepared for future catalytic studies.

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Samuels, Michiel C. "Solid phase strategies for the preparation of phosphorus ligand libraries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6357.

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Catalysis plays a key role in chemical conversions by making them faster and more selective. Despite its widespread use and decades of academic and industrial research, limited catalyst selectivity and stability still call for major improvements in catalyst performance to meet the demands of a sustainable society. Phosphine ligands are ubiquitous in transition metal chemistry and lead to extremely reactive and versatile homogeneous catalysts. Fast development of tailor-made catalysts and catalyst recovery are key issues in (asymmetric) homogeneous catalysis. Therefore libraries of ligands have to be synthesised and screened in an efficient way, which could be facilitated by Solid Phase Synthesis (SPS). Currently, most polymer bound ligands are anchored to the support after the synthesis in solution. However, the main advantages of synthesising the ligands directly on the polymeric support are not only easy catalyst recycling and product separation, but also the ease of purification during the synthesis steps, namely by simple washing and filtration. The use of SPS is very efficient for high throughput synthesis and screening of ligand libraries, however applications of SPS towards libraries of phosphorus ligands are rare, because the synthetic methodologies are still lacking. Here we present the development of methodologies towards novel immobilised bis(phosphine) ligands synthesised on polystyrene and JandaJel™ resin. By performing the synthesis steps on a solid support, the advantages of SPS are fully utilised. Successful routes have been developed towards immobilised secondary phosphine-boranes, which were versatile synthons to prepare a variety of new polymer-supported (C-chiral) bis(phosphine) ligands. These ligands were then tested for their catalytic activity in rhodium catalysed hydrogenation reactions.

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Sjöberg, Rebecka, and My Sjölander. "The great potential on the Brazilian market : A study of different types of acquisition strategies on the Brazilian market." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38401.

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Background: Emerging economies is more fragile for global actions than developed markets, and they struggle to keep the economic growth consistent. Brazil, as an emerging economy, has one of the higher growth in the world, but the country has had some difficulties during the last years and foreign direct investments have decreased. Most foreign direct investments activities tend to go north-to-north, and the most common investment strategy is acquisition and the success is related to the type of activity and industry. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what type of cross-border acquisitions companies choose to be involved in and which financial factors have the greatest impact, when entering the Brazilian market. Theory: The theoretical framework consists of theories related to acquisition strategies to answer formulated purpose. Following theories have been used as an analytical tool in the thesis: merger and acquisition waves, horisontal, vertical and conglomerate strategies and information asymmetry. Method: This study is based on a mixed method design with inductive and deductive approach. Statistical data have been gathered together with four semistructured interviews to gain data about ingoing acquisitions in Brazil. The statistical data have been gathered from the database Zephyr. Conclusion: To summarize the conclusions, ingoing cross-border acquisitions in Brazil follow a wave-like pattern that is mostly depending on horisontal acquisitions, were the financial factors that have the greatest impact is information, taxation, labor and laws.

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Thoresson, Alexander, and Pontus Niléhn. "Determinants of voluntary disclosure in Swedish corporate annual reports." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230442.

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This study examines if three hypothesized variables affect the extent of corporate strategic information, i.e. voluntary information, in corporate annual reports, specifically in Sweden in the year of 2012. The variables deemed appropriate to the Swedish environment, i.e. firm size, ownership dispersion and performance, were retrieved from previous disclosure research conducted in a Swedish context (Cook, 1989; Adrem, 1999), as well as relevant theoretical consideration. The statistical analysis conducted in this thesis suggests that firm size is significantly positively related to the extent of strategic corporate information in Swedish listed firms’ corporate annual reports. The result hence confirms the expectation that larger listed firms to a larger extent disclose strategic corporate information, i.e. voluntary information, in their corporate annual reports. No positive relation was found between the variables performance or ownership dispersion and the extent of strategic corporate information. The results of this thesis are interpreted to suggest that asymmetric information and agency costs are important determinants of the extent of strategic corporate information, i.e. voluntary information, in Swedish corporate annual reports. Larger firms seem to reduce agency costs and narrow the information asymmetry by increasing the level of information disclosed.

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Werner, Jan. "Terorismus a globální občanská společnost." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142269.

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The diploma thesis presents an alternative to the traditional representation of terrorism in the field of international relations. Terrorism is interpreted through the Fukuyamian-Hegelian prism of thymos, which allows it to be integrated into the framework of an anormatively defined global civil society. On a strategic-tactical level contemporary terrorism is identified with guerilla. On these foundations new primary and secondary categories for terrorism analysis are laid out, and possibilities of optimizing its strategies and tactics are suggested. The attention is then focused on the overlaps of such alternative conception on states - which so gain new possibilities in counter-strategies, adoption of methods or silent cooperation - and the non-governmental organizations. Both the analytical and political applications of the proposed approach are demonstrated in the two appendices to the thesis.

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Skoglund, Martin. "Att undvika förlust : Vilka faktorer ledde till de skilda utfallen för Finland och Norge i Finska Vinterkriget respektive vid det tyska angreppet på Norge 1940?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10163.

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Det förväntade resultatet i en väpnad konflikt mellan en starkare och en svagare stat är att den som förefaller starkare faktiskt segrar och därigenom uppnår sina målsättningar. Även om detta är det vanligaste resultatet händer det att den svagare staten segrar, eller åtminstone undviker att förlora. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka faktorer som på ett avgörande sätt bidrar till framgång för den svagare aktören i en asymmetrisk, konventionell, väpnad konflikt. Forskningen genomförs som en jämförande studie mellan två liknande fall. Dessa fall av konventionell krigföring ledde dock fram till olika resultat. Det ena fallet är den tyska invasionen av Norge 1940. Trots norskt motstånd uppnåddes de tyska målsättningarna, vilket kunde förväntas givet styrkeförhållandena. Det andra fallet är Finska Vinterkriget, där Sovjetunionen inte lyckades uppnå sina målsättningar mot det resursmässigt avsevärt svagare Finland. Resultatet av analysen visar att flera faktorer är avgörande för att den svagare aktören skall nå framgång. Främst bland dessa är att den politiska ledningen uppfattar ett hot och är villig att agera mot detta. Vidare är viljan att strida, samt yttre faktorer som påverkar angriparen viktiga. Numerären och kvaliteten hos de militära maktmedel som finns till förfogande är inte oviktiga, men inte heller av avgörande betydelse.

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Ruettershoff, Tobias. "Counterinsurgency as ideology : the evolution of expert knowledge production in U.S. asymmetric warfare (1898-2011) : the cases of the Philippines, Vietnam and Iraq." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20887.

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This PhD thesis examines the status of ‘expert knowledge’ in the history of U.S. asymmetric, or ‘counterinsurgency’ (COIN), warfare during the last century. The historical rise of expert influence has so far been neglected in the study of wars within the field of International Relations and the thesis will give us an indication of the importance and utility of expert knowledge. With a specific focus on the campaigns in the Philippines (1899-1902), Vietnam (1954-75) and Iraq (2003-11), the central research question guiding the project is as follows: “What were the conditions for the evolution, the constitution and the use of ‘outside’ expert knowledge in U.S. counterinsurgency campaigns?” The thesis claims that military and academic ‘experts’ had a key role in framing and implementing the problem-sets and solutions to these conflicts. They have, in Iraq in particular, played an important part in developing the campaigns’ ex-post-facto justification of success. Within the framework of organisational knowledge production, this knowledge does not necessarily play an instrumental role for the military. Instead, it can also serve a merely symbolic function, demonstrating to the audience and stakeholders within the political environment that the organisation is willing to solve the problems the insurgents pose, but without any interest in long-term utilisation of the knowledge. This thesis argues that across time, from the beginning of the Philippine-American War in 1898 to the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq in 2011, ‘counterinsurgency’ has developed from a tactical and operational tool, used instrumentally to fight insurgencies, to a strategy or even ‘ideology’ in its own right. Whilst the methods or techniques of counterinsurgency remain basically the same, expert knowledge is increasingly used in modern – that is post-World War II – campaigns to support a politico-strategic narrative.

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Tang, Aodi. "Essays on contracting for experimentation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31523.

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This thesis is composed of four chapters and addresses the contracting issue under strategic experimentation. The first chapter presents an overview of the thesis and introduces the strategic bandit model, which is commonly adopted in the other three chapters. The chapter also previews the main results and implications of the thesis. The second chapter discusses the contracting issue between a principal and a team of agents where the actions of agents are unobservable to the principal. The main contribution of this chapter is to fill the gap of strategic experimentation literature by introducing the free-rider problem in teamwork. The chapter first deals with the optimal hiring choice of the principal under perfect information. Since the belief of the state being good decreases if no one succeeds over time, the paper shows that the principal tends to hire fewer agents in response to the downward-adjusted posterior belief. When the principal can neither monitor the agents' actions nor distinguish the agents who succeed, this chapter shows the optimal incentivising contract consists of an upfront payment from the agents to the principal, a bonus to every agent conditioning on success and a stopping time. Under this contract, the principal can implement first-best experimentation and incentivise all agents to work until the optimal stopping time. The third and fourth chapters discuss the financial contracting issue in innovation where an innovator requires external funding from an investor. The third chapter adopts a \bad news" exponential bandit to study the financial contracting under adverse selection between the innovator and the investor. The innovator, owns the innovation project, is privately informed of either a high or low prior belief of the good state but seeks a large amount of external investment from the less-informed investor. Experimentation is conducted by the innovator using internal funding before the external investment. The posterior belief about the good state increases in the amount of internal funding if no bad news arrives during experimentation, but the project will be abandoned as long as bad news arrives. The chapter shows that the amount of internal funding can be used by the investor to separate the agents with different priors. Under the unique least-costly separating equilibrium, the high-prior innovator spends even more than the low-prior first-best internal funding in order to deter the low-prior one from mimicking, and the low-prior one remains at his first-best. This chapter enriches the financial experimentation literature by proposing internal funding as a novel signalling tool and establishing a Pareto dominating separating equilibrium. The fourth chapter studies a multi-stage innovation financing problem between an agent and an investor with asymmetric information on the progress of the project. The innovation is comprised of two stages where the agent needs to complete the first development stage in order to proceed to the second experiment stage. The model assumes that the completion of the first stage can be early or late following a binary distribution, and the arrival of success in the experimentation stage follows a "good news" exponential bandit. Each period, a fixed amount of investment is needed from the investor. However, the investor can not observe nor verify the project progress. The chapter shows that the optimal incentive-compatible contract consists of differential maximum funding periods in the event of early and late completion of the first stage respectively and subsequent bonuses to the investor conditioning on a success in the second stage. We prove that the first-best experimentation time is attainable as long as the bonus of the late completion exceeds that of the early completion, and the difference between the two bonuses should be confined within a certain range. In the extension, we consider the case when the first stage completion time is informative such that an early completion indicates a higher prior in the good state than the late completion. Under imperfect information, the agent has a stronger incentive to mimic the early completion if the first stage is completed late as a longer experimentation time will be granted according the first-best contract. The chapter proves that the first-best is still achievable under a similar bonus contract but the difference between the two bonuses becomes smaller. This chapter contributes to the experimentation financing literature including the information imperfectness on project progress and multi-stage spillover effects.

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Sanz, Garcia Eduardo. "Strategies to Resolve the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Genome of Small Single-Stranded Icosahedral Viruses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2429.

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The aim of this study is the three-dimensional structural characterization of the genome packaging inside viral capsids via cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The genome of some single-stranded viruses can be densely packaged within their capsid shells. Several stretches of the genome are known to adopt stable secondary structures, however, to date, little is known about the three-dimensional organization of the genome inside their capsid shells. Two techniques have been developed to facilitate the structural elucidation of genome packaging: the asymmetric random-model method, and the symmetry-mismatch, random model method. Both techniques were successfully tested with model and experimental data. The new algorithms were applied to study the genome structure of poliovirus and satellite tobacco mosaic virus. We have not yet found a consistent structure for the two genomes. Nevertheless, we have found that the genome of satellite tobacco mosaic genome is very stable, supporting a model where the RNA acts as a scaffold, with potential implications in capsid stability and assembly.

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Chernikava, Alena. "Topologické vlastnosti zobecněných kontextových struktur." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233632.

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Práce je zaměřena na vzájemnou interakci několika odvětví matematiky. Hlavní myšlenkou práce bylo najít závislosti, vztahy a analogie mezi nimi. První část práce se týká vztahu mezi formální pojmovou analýzou, topologií a parciálními metrikami. Formální kontext je velice obecná matematická struktura, která může reprezentovat ostatní matematické struktury v jednotné a sjednocené formě. Přirozeným způsobem bychom mohli reprezentovat informaci podobně jako v tabulce, reprezentující formální kontext (s respektem ke všem množinově-teoretickým omezením) a generovat určité topologie na množinách atributů a objektů. V druhé části studujeme především pretopologické systémy jako speciální případ formálních kontextů. Od topologických systémů se pretopologické systémy liší především obecnější uspořádanou strukturou na množině atributů, reprezentujících zobecněné otevřené množiny. Vlastnosti tohoto uspořádání podstatně ovlivňují chování celé struktury a proto mu věnujeme zvláštní pozornost v závěru kapitoly, kde se mj. zabýváme konstrukcí analogie de Grootova duálu, včetně jeho iterovaných vlastností. Třetí část práce je zasvěcena struktuře framework, která má přirozenou strukturu formálního kontextu. Framework se skládá ze dvojice množin, z nichž první je množina míst a druhá obsahuje jistý systém podmnožin první množiny, aniž by bylo vyžadováno splnění nějakých axiómů. Struktura je opatřena jednoduchou konstrukcí duality, umožňující přepínání mezi klasickým, bodově-množinovým přístupem, podobně jako v topologii a bezbodovou reprezentací topologických vztahů. V závěru navrhujeme a studujeme, jak aproximovat libovolný framework pomocí usměrněného souboru konečných frameworků z hlediska generované topologie. V poslední části práce používáme metody obecné topologie ke korekci a zlepšení jednoho ze základních teorémů teorie her. Dokázali jsme mimo jiné, že pro hru v normální formě, v níž má i-tý hráč spojitou výherní funkci a množina jeho strategií je skoro-kompaktní, má tento hráč nedominovanou strategii. Kromě tohoto výsledku v poslední a předposlední kapitole ukazujeme, že teorie her přirozeným způsobem generuje velmi obecné, například nehausdorffovské topologické a kontextové struktury, čímž posouvá tradiční chápání reality neobvyklým směrem.

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Bahri, Korbi Fadia. "Spécificités de l'intégration des systèmes d'information dans les alliances stratégiques asymétriques. Le cas des alliances entre FMN Européennes et entreprises tunisiennes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV017.

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Cette recherche se propose d'étudier les spécificités de l’intégration des systèmes d’information dans les alliances stratégiques asymétriques. Il s’agit, plus particulièrement, d’analyser l’articulation de la forme organisationnelle de l’alliance avec le choix des partenaires de leur niveau d’intégration informationnelle. Fondé sur une analyse qualitative de dix cas d’alliances entre des entreprises européennes et tunisiennes, le dispositif de recherche adopté a reposé sur cinquante neuf entretiens semi-directifs répartis entre partenaires européens et tunisiens complétés par une analyse documentaire. Il ressort de cette recherche que les alliés doivent définir leur niveau d’intégration informationnelle en cohérence avec la forme organisationnelle retenue, leur degré d’interdépendance ainsi qu'avec la nature de l'intégration organisationnelle convenue. Ce niveau d’intégration est le plus souvent déterminé par le partenaire étranger de l’alliance qui peut amener son partenaire local à mettre en place un nouveau système d’information permettant de l'impliquer davantage dans l’activité développée conjointement sans pour autant avoir nécessairement participé au capital
This research aims to study the specificities of the integration of information systems in asymmetric strategic alliances. The objective is mainly to understand how the alliance form determines the scope of information system integration. Thus, we adopt a qualitative methodology based on 10 case studies of Euro-Tunisian strategic alliances. 59 semi-structured interviews between Tunisian partners and European partners were conducted to meet our research objective. Our results highlight that the development of interdependencies between the asymmetric alliance partners is likely to reduce gaps and minimize opportunistic behavior. Also, the level of integration of Information Systems varies according to many criteria such as the organizational form of the alliance, the level of interdependence between partners and the type of their organizational integration

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Lahti, Henrik. "Flygoperationer för strategisk effekt : En möjlighet för nationer med begränsade resurser?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7447.

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Denna uppsats granskar Shaun Clarkes teori om strategic persuation oriented targeting. Teorin beskriver hur strategisk påverkan av beslutsfattare ska ske genom utnyttjandet av luftmakt. En nation med begränsade resurser bör nyttomaximera användningen av stridsflyg. Israeliska offensiva flygoperationer analyseras i en jämförande studie av Sexdagarskriget, 1967 och Yom Kippurkriget 1973. Resultatet medger att framgången för Israel i luftkrigen delvis kan förklaras med Clarkes teori. Mätning av strategisk effekt och psykologisk påverkan är svår och kan ibland endast medges genom subjektiv bedömning. Detta påverkar förklaringskraften i teorin. Jämförelsen visar att specifika variabler i Clarkes teori kan verka till fördel för resultatet i enskilda fall. Enligt teorin är det den sammanlagda effekten som ska beaktas för nationer med begränsade resurser. Teoribildningen stärks genom studien och nationer med begränsade resurser kan med fördel analysera denna vid översyn av egen doktrin. Det viktiga är att göra det ur eget hot- och förmågeperspektiv. Fallstudien påvisar att undvikande av symmetriska konfrontationer och resurssplittring är en förutsättning som medger ökad möjlighet till framgång. Väl övervägda, planerade och effektiva offensiva företag tillsammans med riktad strategisk kommunikation kan innebära ökad psykologisk påverkan. Detta kan ge förutsättningar för en strategisk förändring. En instrumentell implementering av offensiva operationer kan dock ge motsatt effekt.

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Müller, Christoph R. [Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Leitner, and Antje [Akademischer Betreuer] Spieß. "Novel chemo-enzymatic strategies for asymmetric aldol-type reactions using in situ formed acetaldehyde in deep eutectic solvents / Christoph R. Müller ; Walter Leitner, Antje Spieß." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326721/34.

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Müller, Christoph R. Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Leitner, and Antje [Akademischer Betreuer] Spieß. "Novel chemo-enzymatic strategies for asymmetric aldol-type reactions using in situ formed acetaldehyde in deep eutectic solvents / Christoph R. Müller ; Walter Leitner, Antje Spieß." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-rwth-2016-018978.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Strategic Asymmetry'

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