Relevant bibliographies by topics / Strand displacement amplification

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Strand displacement amplification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Strand displacement amplification"

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Walker, G. T. "Empirical aspects of strand displacement amplification." Genome Research 3, no. 1 (August 1, 1993): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.3.1.1.

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Seckinger, D. "Strand displacement amplification and fluorescence polarization." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.10.1720.

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Walker, G. Terrance, Melinda S. Fraiser, James L. Schram, Michael C. Little, James G. Nadeau, and Douglas P. Malinowski. "Strand displacement amplification—an isothermal,in vitroDNA amplification technique." Nucleic Acids Research 20, no. 7 (1992): 1691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.7.1691.

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Mullor Ruiz, Ismael, Jean-Michel Arbona, Amitkumar Lad, Oscar Mendoza, Jean-Pierre Aimé, and Juan Elezgaray. "Connecting localized DNA strand displacement reactions." Nanoscale 7, no. 30 (2015): 12970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02434j.

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Shi, Chao, Qi Liu, Cuiping Ma, and Wenwan Zhong. "Exponential Strand-Displacement Amplification for Detection of MicroRNAs." Analytical Chemistry 86, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac4038043.

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Spargo, C. A., M. S. Fraiser, M. Van Cleve, D. J. Wright, C. M. Nycz, P. A. Spears, and G. T. Walker. "Detection ofM. tuberculosisDNA using Thermophilic Strand Displacement Amplification." Molecular and Cellular Probes 10, no. 4 (August 1996): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mcpr.1996.0034.

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Joneja, Aric, and Xiaohua Huang. "Linear nicking endonuclease-mediated strand-displacement DNA amplification." Analytical Biochemistry 414, no. 1 (July 2011): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.025.

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Hellyer, Tobin J., and James G. Nadeau. "Strand displacement amplification: a versatile tool for molecular diagnostics." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 4, no. 2 (March 2004): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.4.2.251.

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Li, Yubin, Sheng Liu, Zike Zhao, Yuner Zheng, and Zirui Wang. "Binding induced strand displacement amplification for homogeneous protein assay." Talanta 164 (March 2017): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.047.

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Lee, Chang Yeol, Hansol Kim, Hyo Yong Kim, Ki Soo Park, and Hyun Gyu Park. "Fluorescent S1 nuclease assay utilizing exponential strand displacement amplification." Analyst 144, no. 10 (2019): 3364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00300b.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Strand displacement amplification"

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Morant, Nick. "Novel thermostable DNA polymerases for isothermal DNA amplification." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667735.

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DNA polymerases play a fundamental role in the transmission and maintenance of genetic information and have become an important in vitro diagnostic and analytical tool. The Loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP) method has major applications for disease and pathogen detection and utilises the unique strand-displacement activity of a small group of thermostable DNA polymerases. The Large (Klenow-like) Fragment of Geobacillus stearothermophilus DNA polymerase I (B.st LF Pol I) currently serves as the enzyme of choice for the majority of these isothermal reactions, with few alternatives commercially available. An increasing need for point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostics is now shifting detection methods away from traditional laboratory based chemistries, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in favour of faster, and often simpler, isothermal methods. It was recognised that in order to facilitate these rapid isothermal reactions there was a requirement for alternative thermostable, strand-displacing DNA polymerases and this was the basis of this thesis. This thesis reports the successful identification of polymerases from Family A, chosen for their inherent strand-displacement activity, which is essential for the removal of RNA primers of Okazaki fragments during lagging-strand DNA synthesis in vivo. Twelve thermophilic organisms, with growth temperature ranges between 50oC and 80oC, were identified and the genomic DNA extracted. Where DNA sequences were unavailable, a gene-walking technique revealed the polA sequences, enabling the Large Fragment Pol I to be cloned and the recombinant protein over-expressed in Escherichia coli. A three-stage column chromatography purification permitted the characterisation of ten newly identified Pol I enzymes suitable for use in LAMP. Thermodesulfatator indicus (T.in) Pol I proved to be the most interesting enzyme isolated. Demonstrating strong strand-displacement activity and thermostability to 98oC, T.in Pol I is uniquely suitable to a newly termed heat-denaturing LAMP (HD-LAMP) reaction offering many potential advantages over the existing LAMP protocol. The current understanding of strand-displacement activity of Pol I is poorly understood. This thesis recognised the need to identify the exact regions and motifs responsible for this activity of the enzyme, enabling potential enhancements to be made. Enzyme engineering using site-directed mutagenesis and the formation of chimeras confirmed the importance of specific subdomains in strand-separation activity. With this knowledge, a unique Thermus aquaticus (T.aq) Pol I mutant demonstrated sufficient strand-displacement activity to permit its use in LAMP for the first time. The fusion of Cren7, a double-stranded DNA binding protein, to Pol I for use in LAMP is also reported. Although the fusion construct was found to reduce amplification speed, enhancements were observed in the presence of increased salt concentrations and it is suggested here as a means for future enzyme development.
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Raikar, Sanjeev Vencu. "Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.105406/.

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Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression by Sanjeev V. Raikar Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×106 g-1FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination ‘A’ (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×106 g-1FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination ‘A’ (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm2 for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.
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Benmohamed, Fayçal. "Contribution au développement d'une méthode numérique pour étudier des structures planaires hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES004.

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Le travail proposé est le résultat d’une collaboration entre le laboratoire Physique de la matière condensée et nanosciences de Monastir, le laboratoire Laplace de Toulouse et le laboratoire Hubert Curien de Saint-Étienne. Il s’inscrit dans un projet visant à étudier théoriquement la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans des dispositifs passifs à base du matériau magnétique anisotrope. La présence d’une couche magnétique dans telle structure a de nombreux avantages : non réciprocité́, performances intéressantes, isolation importante, …Plus précisément, c’est la fabrication des dispositifs non-réciproques tels que les isolateurs et les circulateurs. L’étude théorique d’une telle structure avec plusieurs couches de substrats anisotropes nécessite l’utilisation des logiciels commerciaux. Ces logiciels ont l’avantage de permettre l’étude de structures très complexes, mais ont pour principaux inconvénients leur coût d’achat et capacité́ mémoire nécessaire. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable d’une part de comprendre le comportement des matériaux magnétiques utilisés dans la structure : il s’agit de modéliser le matériau magnétique par un tenseur de perméabilité dépendant de son état d’aimantation. L’objectif de cette thèse est la modélisation électromagnétique par la méthode SDA numérique des structures complexes avec des milieux anisotropes dispersifs. Cette approche, est basé sur le calcul numérique de la fonction de Green spectrale par la méthode de l’opérateur transverse (MOT), sera en mesure d’atteindre un niveau élevé de précision dans la description de l’interaction du signal haute fréquence avec une structure constituée d’un milieu magnétique anisotrope saturé. Les résultats de simulation ont été validés avec d’autres résultats numériques publiés dans la littérature et le logiciel commercial HFSS dans le cas d’une ligne microruban imprimée sur une couche isotrope (diélectrique). Ils ont été numériquement validés avec la littérature pour la même structure mais présence d’un substrat magnétique anisotrope pour différentes directions de polarisation. Ensuite, Ils ont été validés aussi par confrontation avec les résultats expérimentaux pour une ligne coplanaire fabriquée sur un substrat de ferrite-LTCC transversalement aimanté par un champ magnétique statique
The work proposed here took place in Hubert Curien Laboratory in collaboration with Laplace Laboratory and Laboratory of Monastir. It is part of a project aiming for the theoretical study of the propagation of the electromagnetic waves inside passive devices fabricated with anisotropic magnetic material. Using a magnetic substrate in such structure has many advantages: non reciprocity, high isolation...More precisely, the fabrication of nonreciprocal de- vice such as isolator and circulator. The numerical study of such structure containing many anisotropic magnetic layers needs to use commercial software. As a principal inconvenience is their purchase cost and their necessary memory capacity. In this case, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the magnetic material used in the structure: it is a question of modeling the magnetic material by a permeability tensor depending on its state of magnetization. The aim of this thesis is the electromagnetic modeling of multilayers structures with complex media using the numerical spectral domain approach. The numerical SDA is based on the numerical computation of the Green’s function with the transverse operator formalism. The numerical results are validated with published numerical data for a microstrip line printed on isotropic or anisotropic magnetic material. They are then compared with an excellent agreement with numerical data provided from software based on the finite elements method (HFSS). For more credibility of our numerical approach, the results of simulation about the complex propagation constant are compared with a good much with measured data for coplanar waveguide fabricated on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC-ferrite). The validation was done in a large band of frequency from 1 to 12 GHz
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Raikar, S. V. "Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/301.

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Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×10⁶ g⁻¹FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×10⁶ g⁻¹FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm² for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.
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Chang, Wen-Hsin, and 張文馨. "DNA-based Hydrogel Microcapsules Coupled with Strand-Displacement Amplification for the Detection of miR-141." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w666xb.

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Book chapters on the topic "Strand displacement amplification"

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Kroneis, Thomas, and Amin El-Heliebi. "Whole Genome Amplification by Isothermal Multiple Strand Displacement Using Phi29 DNA Polymerase." In Whole Genome Amplification, 111–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2990-0_8.

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Hansen, Sören, Oumar Faye, Sabri S. Sanabani, Martin Faye, Susanne Böhlken-Fascher, Ousmane Faye, Amadou Alpha Sall, et al. "Zika Virus Amplification Using Strand Displacement Isothermal Method and Sequencing Using Nanopore Technology." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 123–36. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_11.

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"Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA)." In Encyclopedia of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, 1–4. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-emgp-120020701.

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"Hyperbranched Strand Displacement Amplification." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 939. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_8035.

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Zeng, Lingwen, Omar Mukama, Xuewen Lu, Shilin Cao, and Donghai Lin. "Strand Displacement Amplification for Multiplex Detection of Nucleic Acids." In Modulating Gene Expression - Abridging the RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 Technologies. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80687.

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Walker, G. T., C. A. Spargo, C. M. Nycz, J. A. Down, M. S. Dey, A. H. Walters, D. R. Howard, et al. "A Chemiluminescent DNA Probe Test Based on Strand Displacement Amplification." In Molecular Methods for Virus Detection, 329–49. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012748920-9/50016-9.

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Clark, Duncan, and Mark Wilks. "Molecular Diagnostics." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0018.

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Molecular diagnostics in infection generally relate to the detection and/ or characterization of nucleic acid sequences of infectious agents in clinical samples which are used to provide: ● A laboratory diagnosis. ● A means of monitoring patients at risk of developing disease caused by a particular infection. ● A method to predict through genotypic analysis the susceptibility or resistance to appropriate treatments. ● A measurement of the response to therapy. A few key laboratory techniques underpin the majority of molecular diagnostic tests that are currently used in the field of infection, and include: ● Block-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ● Real-time PCR, including quantification. ● Strand displacement amplification. ● Transcription mediated amplification. ● DNA sequencing. These can be commercially sourced, which has the advantage of CE marking, or developed in-house, sometimes referred to as laboratory developed tests (LDTs). Whatever the source, the underlying principles are often the same and rigorous evaluation and validation is required for the adoption of any molecular test in the diagnostic laboratory. The majority of molecular diagnostic tests require the amplification of a specific DNA sequence and its subsequent detection by a variety of means. As such, small sequences of DNA from the infectious agent are amplified from a relatively low copy number in the clinical sample. For example, after thirty to forty cycles of PCR, a single copy of a sequence can theoretically be amplified to over a billion copies. This PCR product, commonly termed amplicon, can provide a template for any further testing with the same PCR test and therefore potentially act as a source for false positive results. Molecular diagnostic laboratories have requirements to keep the different stages of the molecular test separate and minimize the risk of amplicon contamination. Most facilities will have a ‘clean PCR laboratory’ that is used to store the clean reagents such as primers, probes, enzyme mastermixes, and no clinical samples, nucleic extracts, or amplification reactions are ever taken into this environment. Another laboratory is used for the nucleic acid extraction of the clinical samples and this environment is often used to set up the PCR reactions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Strand displacement amplification"

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Tolliver, Laura, Xiaoning Jiang, and Tian-Bing Xu. "Piezoelectric Actuators With Active and Passive Frames." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3064.

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Electromechanical actuators that generate large displacements, have large load capabilities, and demonstrate strong resonance characteristics are in great demand in the areas of precision positioning, active vibration control, and energy harvesting. Piezoelectric materials have been widely investigated for these applications because of their high energy density, quick response time, and relatively low driving voltages, but they demonstrate very small strain, typically about 0.1%. We present experimental and finite element results for two designs that use active and passive frames, respectively, to enhance the small strain in piezoelectric multilayer stacks. The first design, stacked-HYBATS, employs the synergetic contribution of d33 and d31 mode piezoelectric material. Finite element results show that this structure can generate over 50 microns of displacement and nearly 40 N of blocking force in a 36 mm × 22 mm × 10 mm footprint. The second design employs frames made from passive materials to form two stages of strain amplification in a 42 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm footprint. This two-stage design can produce over 600 microns of displacement and has a blocking force of 27 N. The active and passive materials of both designs can be varied to maximize displacement and/or blocking force. The stacked-HYBATS and the two-stage amplification system display favorable force-displacement capabilities and are promising for a variety of manufacturing and space technology applications.
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Kommepalli, Hareesh K. R., Han G. Yu, Srinivas A. Tadigadapa, Christopher D. Rahn, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, and Christopher L. Muhlstein. "Displacement and Blocking Force Modeling for Piezoelectric Uniflex Microactuators." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49897.

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Microactuators provide controlled motion and force for applications ranging from RF switches to rate gyros. Large amplitude response in piezoelectric actuators requires amplification of their small strain. This paper studies a uniflex microactuator that combines the strain amplification mechanisms of a unimorph and flexural motion to produce large displacement and blocking force. An analytical model is developed with three connected beams and a reflective symmetric boundary condition that predicts actuator displacement and blocking force as a function of the applied voltage. The model shows that the uniflex design requires appropriate parameter ranges, especially the clearance between the unimorph and aluminum cap, to ensure that both the unimorph and flexural amplification effects are realized. With a weakened joint at the unimorph/cap interface, the model accurately predicts the displacement and blocking force of four actuators.
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Esteki, H., and A. Hasannia. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Piezoelectric Microactuator Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66909.

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In flex-tensional piezoactuators, due to the low displacement of piezostacks, a compliant mechanism is used to amplify displacement of piezostack. In this paper, optimization of a compliant mechanism with corner-filleted flexure hinges is carried out using real-coded genetic algorithms (GAs) to avoid trapping in local optimums. The objective functions are displacement amplification and stiffness of mechanism and design variables are cross-sectional size and material used. The constraints which are applied on mechanism are based on piezostack dimensions and manufacturing limits. Displacement amplification and stiffness are calculated using strain energy and Castigliano’s displacement theorem.
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Kommepalli, Hareesh K. R., Christopher D. Rahn, and Srinivas A. Tadigadapa. "Optimization of Piezoelectric Uniflex Microactuators." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87594.

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Microactuators provide controlled motion and force for applications ranging from RF switches to rate gyros. Large amplitude response in piezoelectric actuators requires amplification of their small strain. This paper studies the performance of a uniflex actuator in terms of its displacement and blocking force compared to uniflex and flextensional actuators. A uniflex microactuator combines the strain amplification mechanisms of a unimorph and flexural motion to produce large displacement and blocking force. Analytical models for displacement and blocking force for all the three actuators are used in optimization, to study their relative performance. The uniflex actuator outperforms both unimorph and flextensional actuators in displacement, but, the unimorph actuator generates more blocking force. The uniflex actuator can therefore be used in applications that demand higher displacement and lower blocking force compared to a unimorph actuator.
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Ueda, Jun, Thomas Secord, and H. Harry Asada. "Piezoelectric Cellular Actuators Using Nested Rhombus Multilayer Mechanisms." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2128.

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Piezoelectric ceramic material, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), has large stress and bandwidth, but its extremely small strain, i.e. only 0.1%, has been a major bottleneck for broad applications. We have proposed a “nested rhombus” multi-layer mechanism for PZT actuators, which increases strain exponentially through its hierarchical cellular structure, for over 20% effective strain. To drive a large load, however, care must be taken in the design of the strain amplification structure. Through kinematic and static analysis this paper addresses how the output force and displacement are attenuated by the joint stiffness and beam compliance involved in the strain amplification mechanism. An insightful lumped parameter model is developed to quantify the performance degradation and facilitate design tradeoffs. A prototype nested PZT cellular actuator that weighs only 15 g has produced 21% effective strain (2.49 mm displacement from 12 mm actuator length) and 1.7 N blocking force.
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Neal, Devin, and H. Harry Asada. "Design of Cellular Piezoelectric Actuators With High Blocking Force and High Strain." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2209.

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Preliminary design and analysis of a new concept for efficiently amplifying piezoelectric actuators are presented in this paper. Piezoelectric actuators, such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), have produced substantial stress at high bandwidth, but at very small strains on the order of 0.1%. This paper presents a new strain amplification design to be utilized as the first layer in the previously designed “nested rhombus” multi-layer mechanism. This mechanism produces substantial strain through exponentially increasing strain with each subsequent layer. However, the blocking force produced in previous designs is insufficient for many practical applications. Through static and kinematic analysis, this paper addresses how this new concept sufficiently amplifies strain, and presents numerous issues to consider in designing for greater blocking force. A prototype of this new concept provides 126 N of blocking force and displacement of 0.3 mm.
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Torres, James, Devin Neal, and H. Harry Asada. "A PZT Array Actuator Using Buckling Strain Amplification and Preload Mechanisms." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6070.

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Displacement amplification mechanisms have been a topic of research for piezoelectric actuators for decades to overcome their significantly small strain, but still utilize their high power density, force, and efficiency. This paper further analyzes a nonlinear buckling mechanism to improve its efficiency, defined as the ratio of mechanical work output of the buckling actuator to the mechanical work output of the PZT actuator, as well as, employing two methods, preload and loading conditions, that improve its work output per cycle. This is accomplished by running a numerical analysis of the geometry of the flexure joints in the buckling mechanism which found a maximum mechanical efficiency of 48%. The preload is applied using shape memory alloy wire to exploit the low stiffness of the super elastic regime; which in turn allows a larger work output due to a loading condition supplied by a novel gear design. Finally, a prototype was fabricated to provide a baseline of comparison against these concepts.
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8

Cui, Tao, Weibin Wang, Guangwen Liu, Tingxia Ma, and Wenqiang Tong. "Research on Mechanics Monitoring System of Long Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64513.

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The paper establishes a comprehensive organizational framework and a mechanical Remote Monitoring System with SCM technology, electronic communicating technology, network technology, electronic measuring technology, which can be used for long-distance pipeline stress and strain, displacement and the pressure monitoring. The system complete data collection, amplification, conversion, transmission, storage and automatic measurement from acquisition in the pipeline surface resistance strain tablets with the pipeline deformation resistance changes with the contingency collection, data conversion processor, complete automatic control box, and use GPRS data transmission means to achieve the long-distance data transmission and control.
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9

Zaiss, Curtis, and Swavik Spiewak. "Vibration Rectification and Thermal Disturbances in Ultra Precision Inertial Sensors." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65518.

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Advanced inertial MEMS sensors facilitate achieving superb precision and resolution in measuring translational and rotational displacements, down to femtometers and milli-arcseconds. At present such performance is possible only in measurements of a very short duration, typically below 1 second. As this duration increases, the precision rapidly deteriorates. However, experimental accelerometers indicate the possibility of measurements with sub-micron precision for up to 30 seconds. For longer measurements, e.g., up to 5 minutes, the errors increase. However they still remain below 100 μm. The main cause of errors is a strong amplification of low frequency disturbances and distortions introduced by the sensors. It occurs when acceleration and angular rate are converted to the translational and angular displacement, i.e., during the integration. Thus, the key to maximizing the performance of inertial displacement sensors is a reduction of their low frequency disturbances. In the top tier sensors the key components of the disturbances include (1) the inherent thermodynamic and electrical noise, (2) chaotic mechanical phenomena, and (3) nonlinear distortion. The presented research is concerned with these three areas. It focuses on the identification and correction of errors which deteriorate a stability of the sensors’ bias, in particular on the vibration rectification error (VRE) and temperature variations due to the actuation in servo accelerometers. The investigated accelerometers are high performance sensors, digital and analog, whose total harmonic distortion is in the range from 1% down to a few parts-per-million (i.e., <0.001%). The objective is to develop on-line corrective filters capable of reducing the overall low frequency distortion below 0.00001%.
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Beirow, Bernd, Arnold Ku¨hhorn, and Sven Schrape. "A Discrete Model to Consider the Influence of the Air Flow on Blade Vibrations of an Integral Blisk Compressor Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50613.

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The influence of the aerodynamic coupling in the forced response analysis of a HPC test-blisk is studied by means of a reduced order mechanical model. In the first step this equivalent blisk model (EBM) is derived based on a finite element analysis of the disk from design and an adjustment to experimentally determined blade alone frequencies in order to consider the real blade mistuning. Applying the EBM — so far not considering the air flow influence — to carry out forced response analyses due to a rotating excitation acting on the stationary blisk, a maximum blade displacement amplification of more than 50% has been calculated comparing the tuned and the mistuned blisk. Aiming at an additional consideration of the air flow, fully coupled computations of the fluid structure interaction (FSI) are exemplarily carried out for elastically supported blades in a cascade arrangement. The results are used to calibrate simple mass-spring-damper models from which quantities of additional aerodynamic elements in terms of a consideration of co-vibrating air masses, air stiffening and aerodynamic damping are derived. Based on this information the EBM is extended to a so called advanced EBM. Aerodynamic influences are considered assigning the aerodynamic properties to each blade in dependence on the inter blade phase angle (IBPA). Forced response analyses, now including all aerodynamic influences, show that for an extreme application of a rear blisk close to the combustion chamber and under MTO conditions a strong smoothing of originally localized vibration modes occurs. The maximum blade displacement amplification due to mistuning is decreased from more than 50% to below 12% for the first blade flap mode.
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