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Journal articles on the topic 'Strain-specific differences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Ayers, Jacob I., Anthony E. Kincaid, and Jason C. Bartz. "Prion Strain Targeting Independent of Strain-Specific Neuronal Tropism." Journal of Virology 83, no. 1 (October 29, 2008): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01745-08.

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ABSTRACT While neuropathological features that define prion strains include spongiform degeneration and deposition patterns of PrPSc, the underlying mechanism for the strain-specific differences in PrPSc targeting is not known. To investigate prion strain targeting, we inoculated hamsters in the sciatic nerve with either the hyper (HY) or drowsy (DY) strain of the transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) agent. Both TME strains were initially retrogradely transported in the central nervous system (CNS) exclusively by four descending motor tracts. The locations of HY and DY PrPSc deposition were identical throughout the majority of the incubation period. However, differences in PrPSc deposition between these strains were observed upon development of clinical disease. The differences observed were unlikely to be due to strain-specific neuronal tropism, since comparison of PrPSc deposition patterns by different routes of infection indicated that all brain areas were susceptible to prion infection by both TME strains. These findings suggest that prion transport and differential susceptibility to prion infection are not solely responsible for prion strain targeting. The data suggest that differences in PrPSc distribution between strains during clinical disease are due to differences in the length of time that PrPSc has to spread in the CNS before the host succumbs to disease.

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SCHULZ, H., C. JOHNER, G. EDER, A. ZIESENIS, P. REITMEIER, J. HEYDER, and R. BALLING. "Respiratory mechanics in mice: strain and sex specific differences." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 174, no. 4 (April 2002): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2002.00955.x.

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Wilson, Sarah N., Krisangel López, Sheryl Coutermash-Ott, Dawn I. Auguste, Danielle L. Porier, Philip M. Armstrong, Theodore G. Andreadis, Gillian Eastwood, and Albert J. Auguste. "La Crosse Virus Shows Strain-Specific Differences in Pathogenesis." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040400.

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La Crosse virus (LACV) is the leading cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in North America, and is an important public health pathogen. Historically, studies involving LACV pathogenesis have focused on lineage I strains, but no former work has explored the pathogenesis between or within lineages. Given the absence of LACV disease in endemic regions where a robust entomological risk exists, we hypothesize that some LACV strains are attenuated and demonstrate reduced neuroinvasiveness. Herein, we compared four viral strains representing all three lineages to determine differences in neurovirulence or neuroinvasiveness using three murine models. A representative strain from lineage I was shown to be the most lethal, causing >50% mortality in each of the three mouse studies. However, other strains only presented excessive mortality (>50%) within the suckling mouse neurovirulence model. Neurovirulence was comparable among strains, but viruses differed in their neuroinvasive capacities. Our studies also showed that viruses within lineage III vary in pathogenesis with contemporaneous strains, showing reduced neuroinvasiveness compared to an ancestral strain from the same U.S. state (i.e., Connecticut). These findings demonstrate that LACV strains differ markedly in pathogenesis, and that strain selection is important for assessing vaccine and therapeutic efficacies.

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Hammes, Frederik, Nico Boon, Johan de Villiers, Willy Verstraete, and Steven Douglas Siciliano. "Strain-Specific Ureolytic Microbial Calcium Carbonate Precipitation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4901-4909.2003.

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ABSTRACT During a study of ureolytic microbial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation by bacterial isolates collected from different environmental samples, morphological differences were observed in the large CaCO3 crystal aggregates precipitated within bacterial colonies grown on agar. Based on these differences, 12 isolates were selected for further study. We hypothesized that the striking differences in crystal morphology were the result of different microbial species or, alternatively, differences in the functional attributes of the isolates selected. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that all of the isolates were phylogenetically closely related to the Bacillus sphaericus group. Urease gene diversity among the isolates was examined by using a novel application of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). This approach revealed significant differences between the isolates. Moreover, for several isolates, multiple bands appeared on the DGGE gels, suggesting the apparent presence of different urease genes in these isolates. The substrate affinities (Km ) and maximum hydrolysis rates (V max) of crude enzyme extracts differed considerably for the different strains. For certain isolates, the urease activity increased up to 10-fold in the presence of 30 mM calcium, and apparently this contributed to the characteristic crystal formation by these isolates. We show that strain-specific calcification occurred during ureolytic microbial carbonate precipitation. The specificity was mainly due to differences in urease expression and the response to calcium.

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Kesavaraju, Banugopan, Ali Afify, and Randy Gaugler. "Strain Specific Differences in Intraspecific Competition inAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 49, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/me11245.

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6

Ratneswaran, A., B. To, B. A. Russell, and F. Beier. "Strain and model specific differences in mouse models of osteoarthritis." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (April 2018): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.151.

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7

Ebmeyer, U., G. Keilhoff, G. Wolf, and W. Röse. "Strain specific differences in a cardio-pulmonary resuscitation rat model." Resuscitation 53, no. 2 (May 2002): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(02)00003-5.

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8

Dilova, Ivanka, and Ted Powers. "Accounting for strain-specific differences duringRTGtarget gene regulation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." FEMS Yeast Research 6, no. 1 (January 2006): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2005.00008.x.

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9

Sarkar, Payel, and Pranav Danthi. "Determinants of Strain-Specific Differences in Efficiency of Reovirus Entry." Journal of Virology 84, no. 24 (October 13, 2010): 12723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01385-10.

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ABSTRACT Cell entry of reovirus requires a series of ordered steps, which include conformational changes in outer capsid protein μ1 and its autocleavage. The μ1N fragment released as a consequence of these events interacts with host cell membranes and mediates their disruption, leading to delivery of the viral core into the cytoplasm. The prototype reovirus strains T1L and T3D exhibit differences in the efficiency of autocleavage, in the propensity to undergo conformational changes required for membrane penetration, and in the capacity for penetrating host cell membranes. To better understand how polymorphic differences in μ1 influence reovirus entry events, we generated recombinant viruses that express chimeric T1L-T3D μ1 proteins and characterized them for the capacity to efficiently complete each step required for membrane penetration. Our studies revealed two important functions for the central δ region of μ1. First, we found that μ1 autocleavage is regulated by the N-terminal portion of δ, which forms an α-helical pedestal structure. Second, we observed that the C-terminal portion of δ, which forms a jelly-roll β barrel structure, regulates membrane penetration by influencing the efficiency of ISVP* formation. Thus, our studies highlight the molecular basis for differences in the membrane penetration efficiency displayed by prototype reovirus strains and suggest that distinct portions of the reovirus δ domain influence different steps during entry.

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10

Ackland, G., R. Agrawal, C. Hou, and A. Patterson. "Strain-specific and pathogen-specific physiologic and genomic differences in murine inflammatory cardiac dysfunction." Critical Care 13, Suppl 1 (2009): P370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc7534.

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11

Hughes, Emily, Tamila Shymansky, Erin Swinton, Kai S. Lukowiak, Cayley Swinton, Hiroshi Sunada, Amy Protheroe, Iain Phillips, and Ken Lukowiak. "Strain-specific differences of the effects of stress on memory inLymnaea." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 5 (March 1, 2017): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149161.

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12

Srokowski, Cathy, Lu Wang, Ying Chen, Veljko Djuric, and Gervais H. Tougas. "Strain specific differences in pseudoaffective response to gastric distention (GD): Effects of age and weight differences." Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 2000): A841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)85508-0.

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13

GORSKI, LISA, JEFFREY D. PALUMBO, and KIMANH D. NGUYEN. "Strain-Specific Differences in the Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to Alfalfa Sprouts." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2488.

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Contamination of fresh produce with Listeria monocytogenes has resulted in outbreaks of systemic listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis. Recalls of alfalfa sprouts have occurred due to contamination with L. monocytogenes. Alfalfa sprouts were used as a preharvest model to study the interaction with this human pathogen. Seventeen strains were assessed for their capacity to colonize alfalfa sprouts, and strain-specific differences (not related to source, serotype, or lineage) were revealed when the sprout irrigation water was changed daily. Two of the strains colonized and attached to the sprouts very well, reaching levels of more than 5 log CFU per sprout. The remaining strains varied in their final levels on sprouts between less than 1 to 4.7 log CFU per sprout. All of the L. monocytogenes strains grew to equivalent levels on the sprouts when the irrigation water was not changed, suggesting the differences observed with regular changing of the water resulted from differences in attachment. Further analysis of the best colonizing strains indicated that only between 0.3 and 1 log CFU per sprout could be removed by additional washing of the sprout, and the presence of normal sprout bacteria did not compete with the L. monocytogenes strains on the sprouts. The poorest colonizing strain was able to grow in the irrigation water during the experiment but could not attach to the sprouts. Microscopic examination of the sprouts with L. monocytogenes expressing the green fluorescent protein indicated that L. monocytogenes was associated with the root hairs of the sprouting alfalfa, with few to no cells visible elsewhere on the sprout.

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14

Di Pietrantonio, Tania, Carmen Hernandez, Manon Girard, Annie Verville, Marianna Orlova, Adam Belley, Marcel A. Behr, J. Concepción Loredo-Osti, and Erwin Schurr. "Strain-Specific Differences in the Genetic Control of Two Closely Related Mycobacteria." PLoS Pathogens 6, no. 10 (October 28, 2010): e1001169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001169.

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15

Dodd-o, Jeffrey M., Maria L. Hristopoulos, Laura E. Welsh-Servinsky, Clarke G. Tankersley, and David B. Pearse. "Strain-specific differences in sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion lung injury in mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 5 (May 2006): 1590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00681.2005.

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Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lung injury is characterized by increased pulmonary endothelial permeability and edema, but the genetic basis for this injury is unknown. We utilized an in vivo mouse preparation of unilateral lung I/R to evaluate the genetic determinants of I/R lung injury. An index of pulmonary vascular protein permeability was measured by the ratio of left-to-right lung Evans blue dye of eight inbred mouse strains after 30 min of left lung ischemia and 150 min of reperfusion. The order of strain-specific sensitivity to I/R lung injury was BALB/c < SJL/J < CBA/J < C57BL/6J < 129/J < A/J < C3H/H3J < SWR/J. The reciprocal F1 offspring of the BALB/c and SWR/J progenitor strains had intermediate phenotypes but a differing variance. A similar pattern of right lung Evans blue dye content suggested the presence of contralateral injury because baseline vascular permeability was not different. Lung I/R injury was attenuated by NADPH oxidase inhibition, indicating a role for NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). There was no strain-dependent difference in lung NADPH oxidase expression. Strain-related differences in zymosan-stimulated neutrophil ROS production did not correlate with I/R lung injury in that neutrophil ROS production in SWR/J mice was greater than C57BL/6J but not different from BALB/c mice. These data indicate the presence of a genetic sensitivity to lung I/R injury that involves multiple genes including a maternal-related factor. Although neutrophil-derived ROS production is also modulated by genetic factors, the pattern did not explain the genetic sensitivity to lung I/R injury.

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Hämäläinen, Sanna, Noora Nurminen, Helena Ahlfors, Sami Oikarinen, Amir-Babak Sioofy-Khojine, Gun Frisk, M. Steven Oberste, Riitta Lahesmaa, Marko Pesu, and Heikki Hyöty. "Coxsackievirus B1 reveals strain specific differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immunogenicity." Journal of Medical Virology 86, no. 8 (February 20, 2014): 1412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23903.

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17

Stöppeler, S., D. Palmes, M. Fehr, J. P. Hölzen, A. Zibert, R. Siaj, H. H.-J. Schmidt, H.-U. Spiegel, and R. Bahde. "Gender and strain-specific differences in the development of steatosis in rats." Laboratory Animals 47, no. 1 (January 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677212473717.

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18

Latham, K. E. "Strain-specific differences in mouse oocytes and their contributions to epigenetic inheritance." Development 120, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 3419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.12.3419.

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Previous experiments revealed a strain-dependent effect of egg cytoplasm on the developmental potential of androgenetic (two paternal genomes) mouse embryos. Eggs obtained from C57BL/6 mice supported androgenone development to the blastocyst stage at a much higher frequency than eggs from DBA/2 mice. Transient exposure of paternal pronuclei to DBA/2 egg cytoplasm also compromised development, indicating that the DBA/2 egg cytoplasm negatively affected the ability of paternal pronuclei to support blastocyst formation. An essential first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism by which egg modifier factors influence gene expression is to determine the number of loci that are responsible for the strain difference. To do this, (B6D2)F1 hybrid females were backcrossed to DBA/2 males and the eggs from individual female progeny assayed for their ability to support androgenetic development. Approximately one fourth of the backcross females produced eggs that failed to support androgenone development, indicating that two independently segregating genetic loci are most likely responsible for the difference between DBA/2 and C57BL/6 egg phenotypes. Comparison of DBA/2 and C57BL/6 oocytes by two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis revealed at least 17 proteins that exhibited significant, reproducible, quantitative differences in rates of synthesis. All of these proteins were synthesized in (B6D2)F1 oocytes. These data, combined with the previous observation that the C57BL/6 egg phenotype is dominant, are consistent with a model in which a C57BL/6 allele at either locus provides a protective function, either by antagonizing the actions of the DBA/2 alleles or by providing, through partial or complete redundancy, a function not provided by the DBA/2 alleles.

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Revynthi, A. M., A. Janssen, and M. Egas. "Gender-specific differences in cannibalism between a laboratory strain and a field strain of a predatory mite." Experimental and Applied Acarology 74, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0232-4.

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20

Sánchez, Flora, Pilar Manrique, Carmen Mansilla, Pablo Lunello, Xiaowu Wang, Guillermo Rodrigo, Silvia López-González, et al. "Viral Strain-Specific Differential Alterations in Arabidopsis Developmental Patterns." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 12 (December 2015): 1304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-15-0111-r.

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Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infections affect many Arabidopsis developmental traits. This paper analyzes, at different levels, the development-related differential alterations induced by different strains of TuMV, represented by isolates UK 1 and JPN 1. The genomic sequence of JPN 1 TuMV isolate revealed highest divergence in the P1 and P3 viral cistrons, upon comparison with the UK 1 sequence. Infectious viral chimeras covering the whole viral genome uncovered the P3 cistron as a major viral determinant of development alterations, excluding the involvement of the PIPO open reading frame. However, constitutive transgenic expression of P3 in Arabidopsis did not induce developmental alterations nor modulate the strong effects induced by the transgenic RNA silencing suppressor HC-Pro from either strain. This highlights the importance of studying viral determinants within the context of actual viral infections. Transcriptomic and interactomic analyses at different stages of plant development revealed large differences in the number of genes affected by the different infections at medium infection times but no significant differences at very early times. Biological functions affected by UK 1 (the most severe strain) included mainly stress response and transport. Most cellular components affected cell-wall transport or metabolism. Hubs in the interactome were affected upon infection.

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Pandya, Mansi, Sean Callahan, Kyryll Savchenko, and Christopher Stobart. "A Contemporary View of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Biology and Strain-Specific Differences." Pathogens 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020067.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human respiratory pathogen which remains a leading viral cause of hospitalizations and mortality among infants in their first year of life. Here, we review the biology of RSV, the primary laboratory isolates or strains which have been used to best characterize the virus since its discovery in 1956, and discuss the implications for genetic and functional variations between the established laboratory strains and the recently identified clinical isolates.

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MOSQUERA, DIANA I., TODD STEDEFORD, FERNANDO CARDOZO-PELAEZ, and JUAN SANCHEZ-RAMOS. "Strain-Specific Differences in the Expression and Activity of Ogg1 in the CNS." Gene Expression 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000003783992333.

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23

Natorska, Joanna, and Barbara Plytycz. "Strain-specific Differences in Modulatory Effects of Morphine on Peritoneal Inflammation in Mice." Folia Biologica 53, no. 3 (October 1, 2005): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/173491605775142701.

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Kraus, Petra, Xing Xing, Siew Lim, Max E. Fun, V. Sivakamasundari, Sook Yap, Haixia Lee, R. Karuturi, and Thomas Lufkin. "Mouse strain specific gene expression differences for illumina microarray expression profiling in embryos." BMC Research Notes 5, no. 1 (2012): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-232.

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Rivera, Alicia, Robert Y. L. Zee, Seth L. Alper, Luanne L. Peters, and Carlo Brugnara. "Strain-specific variations in cation content and transport in mouse erythrocytes." Physiological Genomics 45, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2012.

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Studies of ion transport pathophysiology in hematological disorders and tests of possible new therapeutic agents for these disorders have been carried out in various mouse models because of close functional similarities between mouse and human red cells. We have explored strain-specific differences in erythrocyte membrane physiology in 10 inbred mouse strains by determining erythrocyte contents of Na+, K+, and Mg2+, and erythrocyte transport of ions via the ouabain-sensitive Na-K pump, the amiloride-sensitive Na-H exchanger (NHE1), the volume and chloride-dependent K-Cl cotransporter (KCC), and the charybdotoxin-sensitive Gardos channel (KCNN4). Our data reveal substantial strain-specific and sex-specific differences in both ion content and trans-membrane ion transport in mouse erythrocytes. These differences demonstrate the feasibility of identifying specific quantitative trait loci for erythroid ion transport and content in genetically standardized inbred mouse strains.

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Ricketts, Camir, Larissa Pickler, John Maurer, Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam, Maricarmen García, and Naola M. Ferguson-Noel. "Identification of Strain-Specific Sequences That Distinguish a Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Strain from Field Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 1 (November 9, 2016): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00833-16.

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ABSTRACTDespite attempts to control avian mycoplasmosis through management, vaccination, and surveillance,Mycoplasma gallisepticumcontinues to cause significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in poultry production. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used in the poultry industry to control avian mycoplasmosis; unfortunately, some vaccines may revert to virulence and vaccine strains are generally difficult to distinguish from natural field isolates. In order to identify genome differences among vaccine revertants, vaccine strains, and field isolates, whole-genome sequencing of theM. gallisepticumvaccine strain ts-11 and several “ts-11-like” strains isolated from commercial flocks was performed using Illumina and 454 pyrosequencing and the sequenced genomes compared to theM. gallisepticumRlowreference genome. The collective contigs for each strain were annotated using the fully annotatedMycoplasmareference genome. The analysis revealed genetic differences amongvlhAalleles, as well as among genes annotated as coding for a cell wall surface anchor protein (mg0377) and a hypothetical protein gene,mg0359, unique toM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain. PCR protocols were designed to target 5 sequences unique to theM. gallisepticumts-11 strain:vlhA3.04a,vlhA3.04b,vlhA3.05,mg0377, andmg0359. All ts-11 isolates were positive for the five gene alleles tested by PCR; however, 5 to 36% of field isolates were also positive for at least one of the alleles tested. A combination of PCR tests forvlhA3.04a,vlhA3.05, andmg0359was able to distinguish theM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain from field isolates. This method will further supplement current approaches to quickly distinguishM. gallisepticumvaccine strains from field isolates.

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Lee, Sang-Nam, Bonnie Peng, Roxane Desjardins, John E. Pintar, Robert Day, and Iris Lindberg. "Strain-specific steroidal control of pituitary function." Journal of Endocrinology 192, no. 3 (March 2007): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-06-0145.

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We have previously shown that 7B2 null mice on the 129/SvEvTac (129) genetic background die at 5 weeks of age with hypercorticosteronemia due to a Cushing’s-like disease unless they are rescued by adrenalectomy; however, 7B2 nulls on the C57BL/6NTac (B6) background remain healthy, with normal steroid levels. Since background exerts such a profound influence on the phenotype of this mutation, we have evaluated whether these two different mouse strains respond differently to high circulating steroids by chronically treating wild-type 129 and B6 mice with the synthetic steroid dexamethasone (Dex). Dex treatment decreased the dopamine content of the neurointermediate lobes (NIL) of 129 mice, leading to NIL enlargement and increased total D2R mRNA in the 129, but not the B6, NIL. Despite the decrease in this inhibitory transmitter, Dex-treated 129 mice exhibited reduced circulating α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) along with reduced POMC-derived peptides compared with controls, possibly due to reduced POMC content in the NIL. In contrast, Dex-treated B6 mice showed lowered cellular ACTH, unchanged α-MSH and β-endorphin, and increased circulating α-MSH, most likely due to increased cleavage of NIL ACTH by increased PC2. Dex-treated 129 mice exhibited hyperinsulinemia and lowered blood glucose, whereas Dex-treated B6 mice showed slightly increased glucose levels despite their considerably increased insulin levels. Taken together, our results suggest that the endocrinological response of 129 mice to chronic Dex treatment is very different from that of B6 mice. These strain-dependent differences in steroid sensitivity must be taken into account when comparing different lines of transgenic or knockout mice.

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Ito, Hideki, Yukio Kimura, and Toshiki Sudo. "Genetic strain differences in platelet aggregation of laboratory mice." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 95, no. 01 (2006): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th05-05-0322.

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SummaryTo investigate the physiological role of novel genes and proteins in platelet activation, various knockout mice have been produced. A number of standard inbred mouse strains each possessing genetically unique characters such as high tumor generation, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, have been bred. In breeding knockout mice for investigation of specific physiological functions, appropriate selection of parental or backcross strains is necessary. Thus, examination of strain-specific platelet characteristics is important. In the present study, platelet aggregation responses of 13 laboratory mouse strains, 129/Sv, A, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6J, CBA, DBA/1, DBA/2, ddY, FVB, ICR, and NZW, and the diabetic strain C57BL/KsJ db/db, were compared. Marked strain differences were observed inADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The highest responses with both were seen in AKR/J and NZW/N, whereas the lowest were seen in DBA/2 and DBA/1.There was a 5-fold difference in the platelet aggregation threshold index (PATI) for ADP-induced PRP aggregation between AKR/J (0.6 µM) and DBA/2 (3.0 µM). With whole blood aggregation, the highest response was seen in AKR, whereas the lowest was seen in DBA/2 and DBA/1. The present study demonstrated that there is considerable strain difference in platelet aggregation among laboratory mice, which should be taken into account in backcrossing knockout strains.

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Boyle, Jon P., Jeroen P. J. Saeij, Scott Y. Harada, Jim W. Ajioka, and John C. Boothroyd. "Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Toxoplasma Genes Reveals Multiple Mechanisms for Strain-Specific Differences in Gene Expression." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 8 (June 13, 2008): 1403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00073-08.

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ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite with a significant impact on human health, especially in cases where individuals are immunocompromised (e.g., due to human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS). In Europe and North America, only a few clonal genotypes appear to be responsible for the vast majority of Toxoplasma infections, and these clonotypes have been intensely studied to identify strain-specific phenotypes that may play a role in the manifestation of more-severe disease. To identify and genetically map strain-specific differences in gene expression, we have carried out expression quantitative trait locus analysis on Toxoplasma gene expression phenotypes by using spotted cDNA microarrays. This led to the identification of 16 Toxoplasma genes that had significant and mappable strain-specific variation in hybridization intensity. While the analysis should identify both cis- and trans-mapping hybridization profiles, we identified only loci with strain-specific hybridization differences that are most likely due to differences in the locus itself (i.e., cis mapping). Interestingly, a larger number of these cis-mapping genes than would be expected by chance encode either confirmed or predicted secreted proteins, many of which are known to localize to the specialized secretory organelles characteristic of members of the phylum Apicomplexa. For six of the cis-mapping loci, we determined if the strain-specific hybridization differences were due to true transcriptional differences or rather to strain-specific differences in hybridization efficiency because of extreme polymorphism and/or deletion, and we found examples of both scenarios.

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Klein, M., K. Schoppel, N. Amvrossiadis, and M. Mach. "Strain-Specific Neutralization of Human Cytomegalovirus Isolates by Human Sera." Journal of Virology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.2.878-886.1999.

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ABSTRACT Induction of an effective antibody response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important defense mechanism since it is potentially capable of neutralizing infectious viruses. We have analyzed the extent of HCMV strain-specific neutralization capacity in human sera. Nine recent HCMV isolates and their corresponding sera were investigated in cross-neutralization assays. We observed differences, independent of the overall neutralization capacity, in the 50% neutralization titers of the sera against individual strains, differences that ranged from 8-fold to more than 60-fold. For one isolate, complete resistance to neutralization by two human sera was observed. The neutralization capacity of human sera was not influenced by the presence of various concentrations (up to 100-fold excess) of noninfectious envelope glycoproteins, an inherent contamination of virus preparations from recent HCMV isolates. This indicated that the decisive parameter for neutralization is the titer of the neutralizing antibodies and that neutralization is largely independent of the concentration of virus. Analysis with transplant patients revealed that during primary infection strain-specific and strain-common antibodies are produced asynchronously. Thus, our data demonstrate that the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies is a common event during infection with HCMV and that it might have important implications for the course of the infection and the development of anti-HCMV vaccines.

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Saijo, Eri, Andrew G. Hughson, Gregory J. Raymond, Akio Suzuki, Motohiro Horiuchi, and Byron Caughey. "PrPSc-Specific Antibody Reveals C-Terminal Conformational Differences between Prion Strains." Journal of Virology 90, no. 10 (March 2, 2016): 4905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00088-16.

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ABSTRACTUnderstanding the structure of PrPScand its strain variation has been one of the major challenges in prion disease biology. To study the strain-dependent conformations of PrPSc, we purified proteinase-resistant PrPSc(PrPRES) from mouse brains with three different murine-adapted scrapie strains (Chandler, 22L, and Me7) and systematically tested the accessibility of epitopes of a wide range of anti-PrP and anti-PrPScspecific antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that epitopes of most anti-PrP antibodies were hidden in the folded structure of PrPRES, even though these epitopes are revealed with guanidine denaturation. However, reactivities to a PrPSc-specific conformational C-terminal antibody showed significant differences among the three different prion strains. Our results provide evidence for strain-dependent conformational variation near the C termini of molecules within PrPScmultimers.IMPORTANCEIt has long been apparent that prion strains can have different conformations near the N terminus of the PrPScprotease-resistant core. Here, we show that a C-terminal conformational PrPSc-specific antibody reacts differently to three murine-adapted scrapie strains. These results suggest, in turn, that conformational differences in the C terminus of PrPScalso contribute to the phenotypic distinction between prion strains.

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Nonas, S. A., I. L. Miller, and J. G. N. Garcia. "34 IDENTIFICATION OF RAT STRAIN-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO VENTILATION INDUCED LUNG INJURY." Journal of Investigative Medicine 53, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): S362.4—S362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2005.00206.33.

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Glazner, Kathryn A. C., Gary L. Odero, Everet Anema, Anna Motnenko, Jason Schapansky, Denise Grossman, Derek R. Oliver, Gordon W. Glazner, and Benedict C. Albensi. "Strain specific differences in memory and neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease." Life Sciences 86, no. 25-26 (June 2010): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.014.

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Sparks, Kate, and Cary L. Cooper. "Occupational differences in the work-strain relationship: Towards the use of situation-specific models." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 72, no. 2 (June 1999): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317999166617.

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Dean, Justin M., Matthew D. Moravec, Marjorie Grafe, Nicholas Abend, Jennifer Ren, Xi Gong, Joseph J. Volpe, Frances E. Jensen, A. Roger Hohimer, and Stephen A. Back. "Strain-Specific Differences in Perinatal Rodent Oligodendrocyte Lineage Progression and Its Correlation with Human." Developmental Neuroscience 33, no. 3-4 (2011): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000327242.

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36

Jiang, Baohua, Yupu Deng, Colin Suen, Mohamad Taha, Ketul R. Chaudhary, David W. Courtman, and Duncan J. Stewart. "Marked Strain-Specific Differences in the SU5416 Rat Model of Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 54, no. 4 (April 2016): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2014-0488oc.

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37

Aupperlee, Mark D., Alexis A. Drolet, Srinivasan Durairaj, Weizhong Wang, Richard C. Schwartz, and Sandra Z. Haslam. "Strain-Specific Differences in the Mechanisms of Progesterone Regulation of Murine Mammary Gland Development." Endocrinology 150, no. 3 (November 6, 2008): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1459.

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Progesterone (P) is required for normal mammary gland development, and is implicated in the etiology of mammary cancer in rodents and humans. We analyzed mammary gland developmental responses to P and estrogen (E) in two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6) that exhibit differences in ductal development at sexual maturity and alveologenesis during pregnancy. C57BL/6 mice exhibited reduced proliferative and morphological responses to P. Analysis of known mediators of sidebranching and alveologenesis revealed that reduced P-induced expression of P receptor isoform B and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), as well as altered expression and regulation of cyclin D1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, and the downstream effectors of RANKL, nuclear Id2 and p21, contribute significantly to the reduced P responsiveness of the C57BL/6 mammary gland. In contrast, E responsiveness was greater in C57BL/6 than in BALB/c glands. E may play a compensatory role in C57BL/6 alveologenesis through its effect on the induction and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a, a known regulator of RANKL. These observations suggest that in human populations with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, individuals may respond differentially to the same hormone. Thus, genetic diversity may have a role in determining the effects of P in normal mammary development and tumorigenesis. Reduced progesterone-induced expression of progesterone receptor and RANKL, altered expression and regulation of C/EBPβ, and of the downstream effectors of RANKL, nuclear Id2 and p21, contribute significantly to the reduced progesterone-responsiveness of the C57BL/6 mammary gland compared to the BALB/c gland.

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Byl, Eline, Katarina Jokicevic, Shari Kiekens, Sarah Lebeer, and Filip Kiekens. "Strain-specific differences in behaviour among Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus cell wall mutants during direct compression." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 588 (October 2020): 119755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119755.

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39

Sophocleous, Antonia, Andrew H. Sims, Aymen I. Idris, and Stuart H. Ralston. "Modulation of Strain-Specific Differences in Gene Expression by Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Deficiency." Calcified Tissue International 94, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-013-9823-6.

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Froscher, B. G., and N. R. Klinman. "Strain-specific silencing of a predominant antidextran clonotype family." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 1620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.5.1620.

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The immune response to dextran is characterized by marked phenotypic differences among murine strains. In particular, Igha strains, as opposed to strains of other Igh haplotypes, respond relatively vigorously to dextran B1355 fraction S (DEX), producing predominantly antibodies bearing the lambda light chain, and specific for the alpha(1----3) glucose linkage. We have investigated this disparity in BALB/c (Igha) vs. C.B20 (Ighb) mice at the individual precursor cell level. Consistent with previous findings (7-9, 35, 40, 42, 43), there was a 10-fold higher frequency of lambda-bearing splenic B cells specific for the alpha(1----3) linkage in Igha mice. As with previously studied (25-27) predominant specificities, the origin of this high frequency of lambda-bearing alpha(1----3) DEX-specific B cells appears to be a reflection of a high expression of this specificity in surface Ig (sIg)-negative cells emerging from the bone marrow generative cell pool. Surprisingly, although C.B20 mice (Ighb) have a low frequency of lambda-bearing alpha(1----3) DEX-specific B cells in their mature primary splenic population, the frequency of precursor cells of this clonotype in their sIg- bone marrow cell population is equivalent to that of BALB/c sIg- cells. These cells could only be stimulated in allotype allogeneic (Igha), as opposed to allotype syngeneic (Ighb), carrier-primed irradiated recipients. This finding was confirmed by the finding that a high proportion of antidextran hybridoma cell lines derived from C.B20 bone marrow cells produced lambda-bearing alpha(1----3) DEX-specific antibodies that were IdX+. These findings have led us to conclude that the well-established phenotypic difference between Igha and Ighb mice with respect to the expression of lambda-bearing alpha(1----3) DEX-specific antibody responses is not, as previously assumed, the result of an inability of Ighb mice to generate B cells of this clonotype, but rather, is the product of environmental, possibly antiidiotypic, silencing of cells of this clonotype as they mature in Ighb mice.

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Petkova, Stefka B., Rong Yuan, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, William Schott, Derry C. Roopenian, and Beverly Paigen. "Genetic influence on immune phenotype revealed strain-specific variations in peripheral blood lineages." Physiological Genomics 34, no. 3 (August 2008): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00185.2007.

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Inbred mouse strains are routinely used as genetically defined animal models for studying a wide assortment of biological and pathological processes, including immune system function. However, no studies have presented large-scale data on the immune cell populations among the inbred strains in physiological conditions. Here we present a systematic, quantitative analysis of peripheral blood cell phenotypes of 30 mouse strains assessed by flow cytometry. This cohort of mice represents a wide range of genetic origins and includes most of the strains used in genetic, physiological, and immunological studies. We evaluated the relative percentages of peripheral blood leukocyte subtypes (lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes) and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B220+ B, and natural killer cells) of mature (6-mo-old) mice. Our comprehensive study demonstrated: 1) marked differences in the relative proportions of blood cell populations among the strains at this age, 2) considerable variation of each immune trait with more than twofold difference between strains with the highest and the lowest trait values, and 3) haplotype analysis revealed a strong correlation between eosinophil percentage and a single region on chromosome 14 containing two candidate genes. The strain differences described here provide important information for researchers applying immunophenotyping of peripheral blood in immunological and genetic studies. The data from this study are available as part of the Mouse Phenome Database at http://www.jax.org/phenome .

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42

Mangold, Colleen A., Molly M. Rathbun, Daniel W. Renner, Chad V. Kuny, and Moriah L. Szpara. "Viral infection of human neurons triggers strain-specific differences in host neuronal and viral transcriptomes." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): e1009441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009441.

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Infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) occurs in over half the global population, causing recurrent orofacial and/or genital lesions. Individual strains of HSV-1 demonstrate differences in neurovirulence in vivo, suggesting that viral genetic differences may impact phenotype. Here differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells were infected with one of three HSV-1 strains known to differ in neurovirulence in vivo. Host and viral RNA were sequenced simultaneously, revealing strain-specific differences in both viral and host transcription in infected neurons. Neuronal morphology and immunofluorescence data highlight the pathological changes in neuronal cytoarchitecture induced by HSV-1 infection, which may reflect host transcriptional changes in pathways associated with adherens junctions, integrin signaling, and others. Comparison of viral protein levels in neurons and epithelial cells demonstrated that a number of differences were neuron-specific, suggesting that strain-to-strain variations in host and virus transcription are cell type-dependent. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of studying virus strain- and cell-type-specific factors that may contribute to neurovirulence in vivo, and highlight the specificity of HSV-1–host interactions.

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43

Jiang, Jinchi, Caie Wu, Chengcheng Zhang, Qingsong Zhang, Leilei Yu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Arjan Narbad, Wei Chen, and Qixiao Zhai. "Strain-Specific Effects of Bifidobacterium longum on Hypercholesterolemic Rats and Potential Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031305.

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Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is among the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore whether Bifidobacterium longum strains exerted intra-species differences in cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rats and to investigate the potential mechanisms. SD rats underwent gavage with each B. longum strain (CCFM 1077, I3, J3 and B3) daily for 28 days. B. longum CCFM 1077 exerted the most potent cholesterol-lowering effect, followed by B. longum I3 and B3, whereas B. longum B3 had no effect in alleviating hypercholesterolemia. Divergent alleviation of different B. longum strains on hypercholesterolemia can be attributed to the differences in bile salt deconjugation ability and cholesterol assimilation ability in vitro. By 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis, the relative abundance of beneficial genus increased in the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment group. The expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were also altered after the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment. In conclusion, B. longum exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia, mainly due to differences in bacterial characteristics, bile salt deconjugation ability, cholesterol assimilation ability, expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and alterations of gut microbiota.

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44

Lee, Ki-Il, Jun-Sang Bae, Eun Hee Kim, Ji Hye Kim, Lele Lyu, Young-Jun Chung, and Ji-Hun Mo. "Strain-Specific Differences in House Dust Mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-Induced Mouse Models of Allergic Rhinitis." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2019.01837.

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Objectives. Limited information is available regarding strain-related differences in mouse models of allergic rhinitis induced by <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> (Der f1). In this study, we compared differences between two mouse strains and determined the optimal dose of Der f1 for allergic rhinitis mouse models.Methods. Forty-eight mice were assigned to the following six groups (n=8 per group): group A (control, BALB/c), group B (Der f1-sensitized BALB/c, 25 µg), group C (Der f1-sensitized BALB/c, 100 µg), group D (control, C57BL/6), group E (Der f1-sensitized C57BL/6, 25 µg), and group F (Der f1-sensitized C57BL/6, 100 µg). Allergic inflammation was induced with Der f1 and alum sensitization, followed by an intranasal challenge with Der f1. Rubbing and sneezing scores, eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and immunoglobulin, cytokine, and chemokine levels in the nasal mucosa and from splenocyte cultures were assessed.Results. Rubbing and sneezing scores were higher in groups B, C, E, and F than in groups A and D, with a similar pattern in both strains (i.e., group B vs. E and group C vs. F). Serum immunoglobulin levels were significantly elevated compared to the control in groups B and C, but not in groups E and F. Eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration increased (all <i>P</i><0.05) after the Der f1 challenge (groups B, C, E, and F) compared to the control (groups A and D) in both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, without any significant difference between the two strains (group A vs. D, group B vs. E, and group C vs. F) (<i>P</i>>0.05). BALB/c mice (group B) showed a greater elevation of splenic interleukin (IL)-4 (<i>P</i><0.01), IL-5 (<i>P</i><0.01), and IL-6 levels (P<0.05) and nasal IL-4 mRNA levels (<i>P</i><0.001) than the C57BL/6 mice (group E). Interestingly, mice treated with 100 µg Der f1 showed a weaker allergic response than those treated with 25 µg.Conclusion. We found 25 µg to be a more appropriate dose for Der f1 sensitization. BALB/c mice are more biased toward a Th2 response and are a more suitable model for allergic rhinitis than C57BL/6 mice. This study provides information on the appropriate choice of a mouse model for allergic rhinitis.

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Gooch, Jennifer L., and Douglas Yee. "Strain-specific differences in formation of apoptotic DNA ladders in MCF-7 breast cancer cells." Cancer Letters 144, no. 1 (September 1999): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00208-6.

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46

Brown, J. K., S. H. Wright, and H. R. P. Miller. "Mucosal mast cells and nematode infection: strain-specific differences in mast cell precursor frequency revisited." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 2 (June 2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002160.

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AbstractMucosal mast cells (MMC) play an important role in the immune response against selected species of intestinal nematode. The kinetics with which different strains of inbred mice resolve infection withTrichinella spiraliscorrelates with their ability to mount MMC responses in the intestinal mucosa. Homologues of MMC that express and constitutively secrete abundant amounts of the granule chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), can be generatedin vitrofrom bone marrow cultures supplemented with interleukins-3 and -9, stem cell factor and transforming growth factor-β1. Using the enhanced growth characteristics of these MMC homologues, a novel limiting dilution assay for mast cell precursor (MCp) frequency has been developed. The assay is highly specific, in that cultures containing mast cells are identified with mMCP-1 specific antibody, and almost three-fold more sensitive than previously published systems. MCp frequencies were compared in BALB/c and C57/BL10 strains of mice that, respectively, respond rapidly and slowly to infection withT. spiralis. MCp frequency (1/378 bone marrow cells) was significantly greater (P<0.05) in BALB/c than C57/BL10 mice (frequency: 1/751). Similarly the rate of growth of MMC homologues and the production of mMCP-1 was significantly (P<0.05) greater in BALB/c than in C57/BL10 bone marrow cultures.

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Reuther, P., B. Manz, L. Brunotte, M. Schwemmle, and K. Wunderlich. "Targeting of the Influenza A Virus Polymerase PB1-PB2 Interface Indicates Strain-Specific Assembly Differences." Journal of Virology 85, no. 24 (September 28, 2011): 13298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00868-11.

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Israel, Dawn A., Nina Salama, Carrie N. Arnold, Steven F. Moss, Takafumi Ando, Hans-Peter Wirth, Kyi T. Tham, et al. "Helicobacter pylori strain-specific differences in genetic content, identified by microarray, influence host inflammatory responses." Journal of Clinical Investigation 107, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci11450.

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Tabibiazar, Raymond, Roger A. Wagner, Joshua M. Spin, Euan A. Ashley, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, Edward M. Rubin, Bradley Efron, Phil S. Tsao, Robert Tibshirani, and Thomas Quertermous. "Mouse Strain–Specific Differences in Vascular Wall Gene Expression and Their Relationship to Vascular Disease." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 25, no. 2 (February 2005): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000151372.86863.a5.

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Balfry, SK, M. Shariff, and GK Iwama. "Strain differences in non-specific immunity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 30 (1997): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao030077.

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