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1
Huang, Jun Fei. "Stress-strain models for light-gauge carbon steels." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586269.
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Tuncay, Orbay. "Wireless Strain Gauge System in a Multipath Environment." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222089977.
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Welham, Christopher J. "A silicon micromachined lateral resonant strain gauge pressure sensor." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389458.
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Suslov, E., O. Nozhenko, and A. Mostovych. "Strain gauge measurement data analyzing for flat wheel detection." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2017. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/32947.
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Khanniche, Rachid. "Characterisation of an optical strain gauge for pantograph applications." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42266.
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An optical strain gauge is developed and characterised for an active pantograph for high-speed electrical trains applications. The pantograph is subjected to a continuous impact forces when it makes contact with the 25 kV overhead AC line. The carbon based pantograph head is susceptible to crack damage due to these impacts An optical strain gauge based on the photo-elastic effect has been developed to monitor on line the contact force applied to the pantograph. The sensing system exploits the concept of chromatic modulation that can be produced by spectral changes induced by a controlled birefringence. Moreover the chromatic sensing technique is independent of the light intensity and provides total electrical isolation. The developed optical strain gauge was assessed to evaluate its performance and to find the range of operation. Static, hysterisis, repeatability and dynamic tests were carried out and the results compared to the theory when applicable. In the static test, it was found that the force against dominant wavelength was linear in the range of 0 to 80 N and became progressively non-linear for forces above 80 N, this is in a good agreement with the theory. These tests were carried out several times over a long period of time, and the results showed a good repeatability, although an acceptable degree of hysterisis was noted. Finally the resistance of the optical strain gauge was tested against dynamically varying loads and found that it exhibited a good resistance. These tests proved the suitability of this proposed optical strain gauge for the development of an active pantograph for high-speed electrical trains applications.
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Creasey, Christopher David. "The development of a hand-held optical diffraction strain gauge." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27041.
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The measurement of strain is critical in many engineering design, test, and health monitoring procedures. Despite the promise of non-contacting and remote strain measurement, optical techniques have not been widely adopted by industry; the preference being the use of electrical resistance strain gauges. This is due to the perceived and real complexities of many optical techniques.
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Erm, Lincoln P. Ferrarotto Phil. "Development of a five-component strain-gauge balance for the DSTO water tunnel." Fishermans Bend, Vic. : Defence Science and Technology Organisation Air Vehicles Division, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/10033.
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Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/1947/10033."November 2009". Available on the DSTO website as at DSTO at :http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/10033/1/DSTO-GD-0597%20PR.pdf
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Li, Sihao. "Effect of aeroelasticity in tow tank strain gauge measurements on a NACA 0015 airfoil." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175713922.
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Russell, Scott A. "Strain gauge measurements of blade resonance using eddy current excitation in a vacuum spin pit." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FRussell.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Raymond P. Shreeve, Garth V. Hobson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93). Also available online.
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Remington, Taylor David. "Biomechanical Applications and Modeling of Quantum Nano-Composite Strain Gauges." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4407.
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Biological tissues routinely experience large strains and undergo large deformations during normal physiologic activity. Biological tissue deformation is well beyond the range of standard strain gauges, and hence must often be captured using expensive and non-portable options such as optical marker tracking methods that may rely upon significant post-processing. This study develops portable gauges that operate in real time and are compatible with the large strains seen by biological materials. The new gauges are based on a relatively new technique for quantifying large strain in real-time (up to 40 %) by use of a piezoresistive nano-composite strain gauge. The nano-composite strain gauges (NCSGs) are manufactured by suspending nickel nanostrands within a biocompatible silicone matrix. The conductive nickel filaments come into progressively stronger electrical contact with each other as the NCSG is strained, thus reducing the electrical resistance that is then measured using a four-probe method. This thesis summarizes progress in the understanding, design and application of NCSGs for biomechanical applications. The advanced understanding arises from a nano-junction-level finite element analysis of gap evolution that models how the geometry varies with strain in the critical regions between nickel particles. Future work will incorporate this new analysis into global models of the overall piezoresistive phenomenon. The improvements in design focused on the manufacturing route to obtain a reliable thin and flexible gauge, along with a modified connection and data extraction system to reduce drift issues that were present in all previous tests. Furthermore, a pottable data logging system was developed for mobile applications. Finally, a method of analyzing the resultant data was formulated, based upon cross-correlation techniques, in order to distinguish between characteristic wave-forms for distinct physical activities. All of these improvements were successfully demonstrated via a gait-tracking system applied to the insole of standard running shoes.
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Battistini, Nicholas. "Progetto di un nodo sensore basato su strain gauge per il monitoraggio strutturale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14769/.
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In questo elaborato è stata presentata la progettazione hardware di un nodo
sensore basato su strain gauge per il monitoraggio strutturale. In particolare sono
stati descritti gli estensimetri e sono stati presentati i due circuiti di condizionamento più utilizzati
in questa applicazione: il ponte di Wheatstone e l’Anderson loop. Dopo aver
discusso le caratteristiche dei due condizionamenti e dopo aver scelto l’Anderson
loop come condizionamento ottimo, si è passati alla sua realizzazione. Sfruttando un
generatore di corrente costante, l’implementazione dell’Anderson loop ha comportato
lo studio degli specchi di corrente, ossia quei circuiti che permettono di emulare un
generatore di corrente ideale. Lo specchio di corrente si è rivelato il cuore del circuito
integrato utilizzato per implementare il generatore di corrente, l’LT3092. Lo step
successivo è stato la modifica del generatore di corrente per poter realizzare una
regolazione tramite il microcontrollore STM32F303. Il controllo della corrente ha
implicato un confronto fra la regolazione switching e lineare, nel quale la regolazione
switching si è distinta grazie alla sua insensibilità alle variazioni di temperatura. Il
progetto si è infine concluso con la realizzazione del PCB tramite il software Eagle.
Le simulazioni eseguite tramite il software LTspice hanno confermato l’eccellente
stabilità della corrente sugli strain gauge garantendo così un condizionamento preciso.
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Zutavern, Zachary Scott. "Fiber optic strain gauge calibration and dynamic flexibility transfer function identification in magnetic bearings." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152.
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Historical attempts to measure forces in magnetic bearings have been unsuccessful as a result of relatively high uncertainties. Recent advances in the strain-gauge technology have provided a new method for measuring magnetic bearing forces. Fiber optic strain gauges are roughly 100 times more sensitive than conventional strain gauges and are not affected by electro-magnetic interference. At the Texas A&M Turbomachinery Laboratory, installing the fiber-optic strain gauges in magnetic bearings has produced force measurements with low uncertainties. Dynamic flexibility transfer functions exhibiting noticeable gyroscopic coupling have been identified and compared with results of a finite element model. The comparison has verified the effectiveness of using magnetic bearings as calibrated exciters in rotordynamic testing. Many applications including opportunities for testing unexplained rotordynamic phenomena are now feasible.
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Biocchi, Nicola. "Structural and geotechnical interpretation of strain gauge data from laterally loaded reinforced concrete piles." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/210949/.
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Four instrumented sites, with a total of 14 instrumented piles, have been analysed to understand the structural behaviour of the piles and the geotechnical behaviour of the stabilised slopes. Vibrating wire strain gauges are used for the calculation of the bending moment applied to the piles, while inclinometers are used to measure the displacements. A review of the instrumentation has been carried out and a methodology for processin and analysing strain gauges data has been developed. Concrete is a material with a complex behaviour. Shrinkage, creep, cracking, temperature variations, strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete are critically analysed to understand their influence on the concrete pile behaviour and on the function of the strain gauges. The results show that creep and shrinkage effects can be neglected in underground reinforced concrete structures in saturated clay, while cracking effects and temperature variations have to be analysed case by case. A correction method has been developed to consider the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the strain gauges and that of the concrete. Two types of pile have been analysed, standard reinforced concrete piles and circular concrete-filled steel tubular piles. A review of their behaviour in bending that considers the development of cracking is presented. Two methods for the calculation of bending moment in the piles have been developed taking into account realistic stress/strain curves and the effects of concrete cracking. The bending moment results are compared with the inclinometer profiles using an improved version of an existing curve fitting method. The comparison shows good agreement between the two instrument results. A critical analysis of the pile/soil behaviour has been carried out comparing the results from the instrumented sites with theoretical mechanisms for landslide stabilising piles presented elsewhere. The results show a good match with the theoretical mechanisms as well as showing that the slopes have been successfully stabilised. Other observations have been made during analysis of the monitoring data. These include the seasonal effects of climate and vegetation on stabilised slopes and the structural effect of the external grout ring in laterally loaded circular concrete-filled steel tubular piles
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Grychanovska, T. M., Віталій Володимирович Бібик, Виталий Владимирович Бибик, Vitalii Volodymyrovych Bibyk, O. S. Gryschuk, and L. A. Sheshenya. "Strain Properties of Thin Film Systems Based on Ni and Ag." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35207.
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Research results of influence of a uniform magnetic field by induction of 200 mT on the longitudinal
gauge factor of nanocrystalline film systems of Ni/Ag/Ni with different thickness of non-magnetic layer of
Ag within elastic deformation up to 1 are presented. The paper describes methods of forming three-layer
structure based on thin films Ni and Ag and research of the structure and phase composition of the obtained
samples. The correlation between the factor value of the longitudinal gauge and structural-phase
state of film systems is set.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35207
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Samuelsson, Helen. "Strain gauge med kvicksilver vs Fotocell : En jämförelse av uppmätt tåtryck mellan de två metoderna." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12216.
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Borinder, Daniel. "Track forces of iron ore wagons- Comparison Between Strain Gauge Based Measurements and Calculated Results." Thesis, KTH, Järnvägsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159280.
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Iron ore trains run from the mine in Kiruna to Narvik and Luleå. These trains are subject to wear and have to be maintained. The wheel-‐rail interface is a major cost-‐driver in the maintenance. In Narvik, Norway and Sävast outside Luleå, Sweden there are measurement stations that can indirectly measure the forces that arise in this interface using strain gauges. However, it would save money if the wear could be predicted. It is therefore desirable to be able to predict the forces that arise in this interface. For this purpose a model of two coupled iron ore wagons has been developed for simulations in the Swedish multi body software Gensys. The aim of this master thesis was to take existing measurement station results from Sävast and compare them with simulations of trains running pn the same track section in order to evaluate and validate the model. To get as close to the measurement station results as possible several different parameters such as wheel profiles, rail profiles and friction coefficient were varied. Vertical Q forces, lateral Y forces as well as the Y/Q ratio were evaluated and compared. Longitudinal X forces were also evaluated in the simulations for better understanding of the dynamics. Comparisons show fairly good agreement between simulations and measurements. Calculated Q forces end up in the mid to upper spectrum of measured forces. Y forces display good agreement with measured forces on all wheels except for the leading outer wheel. Measured Y/Q ratio is far above the calculated ratio.
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Гричановська, Тетяна Михайлівна, Татьяна Михайловна Гричановская, Tetiana Mykhailivna Hrychanovska, Олександр Сергійович Грищук, Александр Сергеевич Грищук, Oleksandr Serhiiovych Hryshchuk, Тетяна Сергіївна Холод, Татьяна Сергеевна Холод, and Tetiana Serhiivna Kholod. "Strain Properties of Thin Films Based on Ni and Ag in External Magnetic Field." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42685.
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The paper describes the research results of influence of an external magnetic field with 200 mT induction on the longitudinal gauge factor of nano-crystalline film systems of Ni and Ag with different thickness of non-magnetic layer of Ag (or Ni) within elastic deformation up to 1% are presented. Considered methods of forming double- and triplex-layer structure based on thin films Ni and Ag and research of the structure and phase composition of the obtained samples. The correlation between the factor value of the
longitudinal gauge factor, structural-phase state of film systems and total thickness is estimated.
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Hill, Peter Lee. "Post-Processing Method for Determining Peaks in Noisy Strain Gauge Data with a Low Sampling Frequency." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78316.
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The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute is recognized for being a pioneer in naturalistic driving studies. These studies determine driving behavior, and its correlation to safety critical events, by equipping participant's vehicles with data acquisition systems and recording them for a period of time. The driver's habits and responses to certain scenarios and events are analyzed to determine trends and opportunities to improve overall driver safety.
One of these studies installed strain gauges on the front and rear brake levers of motorcycles to record the frequency and magnitude of brake presses. The recorded data was sampled at 10 hertz and had a significant amount of noise introduced from temperature and electromagnetic interference. This thesis proposes a peak detection algorithm, written in MATLAB, that can parallel process the 40,000 trips recorded in this naturalistic driving study. This algorithm uses an iterative LOWESS regression to eliminate the offset from zero when the strain gauge is not stressed, as well as a cumulative sum and statistical concepts to separate brake activations from the rest of the noisy signal.
This algorithm was verified by comparing its brake activation detection to brake activations that were manually identified through video reduction. The algorithm had difficulty in accurately identifying activations in files where the amplitude of the noise was close to the amplitude of the brake activations, but this only described 2% of the sampled data. For the rest of the files, the peak detection algorithm had an accuracy of over 90%.Master of Science
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Friedlander, Jeffrey B. "Wireless Strain Measurement with Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306874020.
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Baadkar, Chetan Chandrakant. "Semi-Trailer Structural Failure Analysis Using Finite Element Method." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5240.
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This project is centred on an ongoing trailer component failure problem at the STEELBRO New Zealand Ltd due to cracks. In this research the problem has been systematically approached using ANSYS finite element analysis software. The approach involves investigation of the problem and structural analysis of the trailer subjected to two types of service conditions. The service conditions are simulated in ANSYS which involved CAD and finite element modelling of the trailer, and then the finite element model is validated experimentally by strain gauges and geometrically by ANSYS element shape checking capability. The finite element model subjected to static structural analysis confirmed the crack locations and indicated the cause of the failure. Further fatigue analysis on one of the loading condition revealed it’s potential to cause failure at the crack locations. Finally, this research concludes with a proposal of revised component design to overcome the failure at the crack locations and recommendations for further analysis on the trailer.
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Kojima, Alberto Noriyuki. "Extensometria : avaliação de implantes de sextavado externo posicionados na configuração linear e compensada (offset), sob carregamento axial /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105530.
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Orientador: Renato Sussumu NishiokaBanca: Wirley Gonçalves Assunção
Banca: Alysson Noriyuki Kajishima Konno
Banca: Eduardo Shigueyuki Uemura
Banca: Osvaldo Daniel Andreatta Filho
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio da extensometria, a distribuição de tensões ao redor de implantes em função dos diferentes locais para carregamento, tipo de coifa (plástica ou usinada) e configuração (linear e compensada). Para tanto, em um bloco de poliuretano, foram posicionados paralelos entre si e com uma configuração linear, implantes auto-rosqueáveis de hexágono externo, com dimensões de 3,75 X 13mm, a uma distancia de 7mm, de centro a centro. Em um outro bloco a fixação do meio foi deslocada em 2mm para gerar uma configuração compensada (offset). Pilares protéticos Micro-unit, com 3mm de cinta foram instalados sobre as fixações. Com duas matrizes em aço inoxidável foram confeccionados 10 enceramentos para cada bloco, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 5 para coifa plástica e 5 para coifas usinadas (n=5). A seguir esses padrões foram fundidos com uma liga de Co-Cr. Quatro extensômetros (strain gauges) foram colados na superfície superior de cada bloco tangenciando a plataforma de cada fixação. Um carregamento de 30kg durante 10s foi feito em cinco posições (A, B, C, D, E), sendo repetido três vezes para aquisição dos dados (em με) pela aparelho condicionador de sinais. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Como conclusão da análise dos resultados obtidos pudemos observar que não houve diferença na utilização de coifas plásticas e usinadas, que não houve diferença entre as configurações linear e compensada; havendo diferença estatisticamente significante para os locais de carregamento
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate, using strain gauge, the load distribution surround the implants according differents loading sites, coping types (plastic and machined) and configuration (linear and offset). In one polyurethane block, three cylindrical implants with external hexagon (3.75mm x 13mm) were fixed parallel with 7mm between their centers in a linear configuration. In another block the midle implant was positioned in a 2mm offset. Micro-units abutments with 3mm of metallic neck were fixed. With two metallics matrix, it was manufactured 10 wax patterns for each block, distributed in the following form: 5 for plastic copings and 5 for machined copings (n=5). After, patterns were casted in cobalt-chromium alloy. Four strain gauges were positioned on the upper surface of each polyurethane model around the implants. An axial load of 30kg within 10 seconds in five positions (A, B, C, D, E), with three repetead measurements for data aquisition (in με) by the multichanel bridge machine. The datas were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Such as conclusion from the obtained data treatment: there was no difference between the plastic and machined copings, there was no difference between the linear and offset configuration; there was statiscal significance only with the differents loading sites.
Doutor
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Макуха, Зінаїда Миколаївна, Зинаида Николаевна Макуха, Zinaida Mykolaivna Makukha, Юрій Михайлович Шабельник, Юрий Михайлович Шабельник, Yurii Mykhailovych Shabelnyk, Ірина Михайлівна Пазуха, et al. "Strain Properties of Nanodimentional Thin Film Systems Based on Ag and Co." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34874.
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The results of research strain deformation properties of thin films Ag, Co and two-layer film systems
Ag/Co in the range of deformation l 0 – 1% were presented. The plastic deformation in Co layer caused
a similar deformation in the entire film system, even if the strain range of Ag layer is not reached the limits
of the transition elastic/plastic deformation.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34874
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Stumle, Joakim. "Lastcells applikation : Verktyg för montering av trådtöjningsgivare i lastcell." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1595.
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Ett verktyg för applicering av trådtöjningsgivare har tagits fram på uppdrag av AED AB i Växjö. Verktyget skall användas för färdigställning/slutmontering av lastceller som i sin tur skall användas till att mäta vilka krafter som påverkar en skogsmaskin när denna lastas med sin givna maxlast. Verktyget skall föras in i ett 25 mm brett hål där det skall hålla fast och lägga tryck på fyra trådtöjningsgivare, en i vardera riktning, vilka bestrykts med lim. Verktyget skall hålla ett tryck på tre till fyra kiloPond medan lastcellen värms till 150° C då limmet härdar. Verktyget består av fyra ben, ett i vardera riktning. De är ledande i en änden. Andra änden på benen är avfasad och bildar en öppning. När en kula trycker mot benens avfasade ytor expanderar dem utåt och trycker därmed den limbestrukna trådtöjningsgivaren mot hålets vägg.
A tool for the application of strain gauges have been constructed by the commission of AED AB in Växjö. The tool shall be used for the assembling of loadcells which then will be used for measuring forces that affects a loggingmachinery when loaded with its maximum load. The tool shall be inserted in a 25 mm wide hole where it is supposed to hold and apply load to four strain gauges, one in each direction, which has been smeared with glue. The tool shall maintain a pressure of three to four kiloPond while the loadcell is heated to 150 C until the glue has hardened. It consists of four legs with a joint in one end and a slant surface by the other. When a ball is pushed against the slant surfaces, the legs will expand and push the glue smeared strain gauges against the wall of the hole.
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Lister, Stephanie A. "Efficacy of tarsal immobilization to alleviate Achilles tendon strain in vivo - direct measurements via a differential variable reluctance transducer (DVRT) strain gauge in a canine model." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/744.
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Costa, Max Dória. "Avaliação da deformação média gerada nos intermediários e na região peri-implantar durante as etapas de confecção da prótese parcial fixa parafusada: análise com strain gauges." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-27072011-091402/.
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A adaptação passiva e estabilidade têm se tornado os dois pré-requisitos de maior importância na escolha dos materiais e técnicas de confecção em prótese implantossuportada. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar, com auxílio dos strain gauges ou extensômetros lineares elétricos, a deformação média ocorrida nos intermediários e na região peri-implantar mediante a instalação da infraestrutura parafusada durante sete etapas de confecção da prótese parcial fixa. Para a investigação, foi utilizado um modelo experimental homogêneo à base de poliuretano com dois implantes hexágono externo paralelos entre si. Sobre os implantes foram acoplados pilares Multi-unit de 5 mm de altura que receberam na sua superfície três strain gauges dispostos de maneira eqüidistante entre si. Também foram colados na superfície superior do bloco experimental quatro strain gauges para cada implante, posicionados nas faces mesial, distal, vestibular e lingual visando medir as tensões nestas áreas. Os testes foram realizados parafusando os corpos de prova sobre os intermediários utilizando-se para isto um dispositivo eletrônico de torque com força máxima de 10 Ncm. As leituras foram realizadas em sete momentos, obtendo os valores médios de deformação no poliuretano e no intermediário respectivamente: 1) cilindros de cobalto-cromo pré-fabricados usinados como grupo controle (36,4µε e 87,5µε), 2) infraestrutura sobrefundida em monobloco com liga de níquel-cobalto-cromo (340,3µε e 131,4µε), 3) em seguida seccionada com espaço livre para solda (43,2µε e 66,6µε), 4) seccionada com espaço para solda preenchida com resina acrílica quimicamente ativada (Duralay) (74µε e 86,8µε), 5) seccionada e soldada (280µε e 146,2µε), 6) soldada com aplicação de cerâmica (288,7µε e 151,1µε) e 7) finalizada com aplicação do glaze, acabamento e polimento (359,9µε e 197,8µε). Estes resultados mostraram um aumento crescente da deformação média tanto nos intermediários como no poliuretano durante todas as etapas de confecção, com excessão da fundição em monobloco que atingiu altos valores, próximos da prótese finalizada. Desta forma, o procedimento de soldagem diminuiu os níveis de derformação, enquanto a aplicação da cobertura cerâmica, glaze, acabamento e polimento, aumentaram as deformações.Passive fit and stability have become the most important prerequisites during the choice of materials and techniques to implant-supported prostheses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the mean deformation in abutments and simulated bone tissue around dental implants, with the use of strain gages, during framework screw retention, analyzing seven fabrication stages of the fixed partial denture. For this research, an experimental model based on homogeneous polyurethane with two external hexagon implants parallel to each other, provided with 5 mm height multi-unit abutments. For each, abutment surface received three equidistant strain gauges and the experimental block received upper surface four strain gauges, positioned on the mesial, distal, buccal and lingual aspects. The tests were performed screwing the specimens on the abutment using an electronic torque with 10 Ncm maximum force. The readings were made in seven moments, with abutment and polyurethane mean deformation, respectively: 1) control group: cobalt-chromium prefabricated machined cylinder (36,4µε e 87,5µε), 2) framework fabricated by 1-piece method in nickel-cobalt-chromium alloy (340,3µε e 131,4µε), 3) framework sectioned with space for welding (43,2µε e 66,6µε), 4) weld space filled with chemically activated acrylic resin (Duralay) (74µε e 86,8µε), 5) framework sectioned and soldered (280µε e 146,2µε), 6) framework welded and ceramic application (288,7µε e 151,1µε) and 7) framework concluded applying glaze, finishing and polishing (359,9µε e 197,8µε). The results showed the mean strain increase in abutment and polyurethane over fabrication stages, except that framework fabricated by 1-piece method reached high values close to finished prostheses. Thus, the welding procedure decreased strain levels in simulated bone tissue around dental implants, while ceramic and glaze application, finishing and polishing procedures, increased strain.
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Bulkai, Andras. "Advanced finite element analysis for strain measurement in a threaded connection." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7901.
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There is no established method of measuring load accurately in a threaded connection at working temperatures exceeding 500°C. At these conditions conventional methods can not be used due to the sensitivity of the instruments and it is suggested that a non contact method should be used. The laser strain gauge was developed by the Loughborough University Optical Research Group and it is a non contact way of measuring surface strain. With the help of finite element analysis (FEA) a special nut was developed that can be used to measure the load on the connection by relating the surface strain of the nut to the load. Experimental work later revealed that due to the threads sticking in the connection there is hysteresis present between the load and surface strain relationship. To eliminate the hysteresis a new part was added to the connection which could be used to relate the surface strain on it to the load without any hysteresis. This new part was a specially designed washer with three grooves to allow easy access for the user to measure the surface strain using the laser strain gauge. Part of the design specification was that the load has to be determined to an accuracy of 0.5%. Using sensitivity analysis the washer was analysed in terms of how manufacturing imperfections affect the accuracy of the load measuring device. The results revealed that to achieve the required 0.5% accuracy the washer would have to be manufactured to very tight tolerances. To achieve these tight tolerances the manufacturing process would not be cost effective so it was proposed that individual calibration is required for each load measuring washer. Tests showed that with sufficient calibration the specially designed washer and the laser strain gauge can be combined and used as an accurate non contact load measuring device. As it is a non contact method it can be used in extreme environments including high temperatures. This thesis describes how background research, finite element analysis and experimental testing were used to develop the load measuring washer. Also it is shown, how in-depth sensitivity analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the prototype and that how manufacturing imperfections influence the working life of a threaded connection.
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Papi, Enrica. "Investigate the use of strain gauge technology for the determination of the mechanical characteristics of polypropylene ankle-foot orthoses." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502345.
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Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are devices applied to the foot and lower leg when ankle joint stability has been lost, commonly through, upper and lower motor neuron lesions resulting in gait abnormalities. Conventional leather and metal AFOs have been largely superseaded by plastic devices in recent years, especially made from polypropylene (PP). To date the design of AFOs is mainly based on empirical studies. A survey of the literature indicates that there is a dearth of experimental investigations in this area. Consequently, more research should be conducted on the mechanical characteristics of AFOs and their interaction with the limb in order to improve design criteria, performances and prescription of the orthoses. The objective of this project was to assess the performance of strain gauges attached to polypropylene (PP) with the perspective of using them to determine orthotic loads and stresses generated in polypropylene AFOs during patient's activity.
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Kojima, Alberto Noriyuki [UNESP]. "Extensometria: avaliação de implantes de sextavado externo posicionados na configuração linear e compensada (offset), sob carregamento axial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105530.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio da extensometria, a distribuição de tensões ao redor de implantes em função dos diferentes locais para carregamento, tipo de coifa (plástica ou usinada) e configuração (linear e compensada). Para tanto, em um bloco de poliuretano, foram posicionados paralelos entre si e com uma configuração linear, implantes auto-rosqueáveis de hexágono externo, com dimensões de 3,75 X 13mm, a uma distancia de 7mm, de centro a centro. Em um outro bloco a fixação do meio foi deslocada em 2mm para gerar uma configuração compensada (offset). Pilares protéticos Micro-unit, com 3mm de cinta foram instalados sobre as fixações. Com duas matrizes em aço inoxidável foram confeccionados 10 enceramentos para cada bloco, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 5 para coifa plástica e 5 para coifas usinadas (n=5). A seguir esses padrões foram fundidos com uma liga de Co-Cr. Quatro extensômetros (strain gauges) foram colados na superfície superior de cada bloco tangenciando a plataforma de cada fixação. Um carregamento de 30kg durante 10s foi feito em cinco posições (A, B, C, D, E), sendo repetido três vezes para aquisição dos dados (em με) pela aparelho condicionador de sinais. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Como conclusão da análise dos resultados obtidos pudemos observar que não houve diferença na utilização de coifas plásticas e usinadas, que não houve diferença entre as configurações linear e compensada; havendo diferença estatisticamente significante para os locais de carregamento
The aim of this study was to evaluate, using strain gauge, the load distribution surround the implants according differents loading sites, coping types (plastic and machined) and configuration (linear and offset). In one polyurethane block, three cylindrical implants with external hexagon (3.75mm x 13mm) were fixed parallel with 7mm between their centers in a linear configuration. In another block the midle implant was positioned in a 2mm offset. Micro-units abutments with 3mm of metallic neck were fixed. With two metallics matrix, it was manufactured 10 wax patterns for each block, distributed in the following form: 5 for plastic copings and 5 for machined copings (n=5). After, patterns were casted in cobalt-chromium alloy. Four strain gauges were positioned on the upper surface of each polyurethane model around the implants. An axial load of 30kg within 10 seconds in five positions (A, B, C, D, E), with three repetead measurements for data aquisition (in με) by the multichanel bridge machine. The datas were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Such as conclusion from the obtained data treatment: there was no difference between the plastic and machined copings, there was no difference between the linear and offset configuration; there was statiscal significance only with the differents loading sites.
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Harris, Daniel. "Redesign and Development of HotRot1811 Composting Unit and Ancillary Item." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7459.
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This project investigated alternative materials, methods and processes to reduce manufacturing costs while improving the marketability and performance of the HotRot1811 compost machine. Some of the redesign aspects include investigating alternative insulation materials, corrosion within the vessel, stress and strain gauge testing of the shaft and tines, and alternative design considerations.
Another aspect of the project is to test and develop a compost classifier. The compost classifier is used for separating contaminants from compost which could be an alternative technology HotRot Organic Solutions Ltd may produce.
This report describes the findings, recommendations and conclusions of these investigations.
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McDonald, Christopher. "An experimental research investigation into disused flat rail wagons as bridges with applications for low volume rural roads in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45684/1/Christopher_McDonald_Thesis.pdf.
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An experimental laboratory investigation was carried out to assess the structural adequacy of a disused PHO Class Flat Bottom Rail Wagon (FRW) for a single lane low volume road bridge application as per the design provisions of the Australian Bridge Design Standard AS 5100(2004). The investigation also encompassed a review into the risk associated with the pre-existing damage in wagons incurred during their service life on rail.
The main objective of the laboratory testing of the FRW was to physically measure its performance under the same applied traffic loading it would be required to resist as a road bridge deck. In order to achieve this a full width (5.2m) single lane, single span (approximately 10m), simply supported bridge would be required to be constructed and tested in a structural laboratory. However, the available clear spacing between the columns of the loading portal frame encountered within the laboratory was insufficient to accommodate the 5.2m wide bridge deck excluding clearance normally considered necessary in structural testing. Therefore, only half of the full scale bridge deck (single FRW of width 2.6m) was able to be accommodated and tested; with the continuity of the bridge deck in the lateral direction applied as boundary constraints along the full length of the FRW at six selected locations. This represents a novel approach not yet reported in the literature for bridge deck testing to the best of the knowledge of the author.
The test was carried out under two loadings provided in AS 5100 (2004) – one stationary W80 wheel load and the second a moving axle load M1600. As the bridge investigated in the study is a single lane single span low volume road bridge, the risk of pre-existing damage and the expected high cycle fatigue failure potential was assessed as being minimal and hence the bridge deck was not tested structurally for fatigue/ fracture. The high axle load requirements have instead been focussed upon the investigation into the serviceability and ultimate limit state requirements. The testing regime adopted however involved extensive recording of strains and deflections at several critical locations of the FRW. Three locations of W80 point load and two locations of the M1600 Axle load were considered for the serviceability testing; the FRW was also tested under the ultimate load dictated by the M1600.
The outcomes of the experimental investigation have demonstrated that the FRW is structurally adequate to resist the prescribed traffic loadings outlaid in AS 5100 (2004). As the loading was directly applied on to the FRW, the laboratory testing is assessed as being significantly conservative. The FRW bridge deck in the field would only resist the load transferred by the running platform, where, depending on the design, composite action might exist – thereby the share of the loading which needs to be resisted by the FRW would be smaller than the system tested in the lab. On this basis, a demonstration bridge is under construction at the time of writing this thesis and future research will involve field testing in order to assess its performance.
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Perazzini, Matteo. "Evaluation of FBG strain sensor reliability through analytical, numerical and experimental results." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22947/.
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The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is one of the most suitable sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) of aircraft structures. In principle, the FBG, with adequate sampling and signal processing techniques, is usually more accurate than classical electrical resistive strain gauge. However, since the most common installation method is surface bonding, some significative differences between the strain in the host structure and the one experienced by the fiber may be observed.
The aim of this work is the evaluation of the fiber Bragg grating optical fiber sensor reliability for strain detection in non-uniform strain conditions. A FBG sensor is surface bonded on a rectangular specimen with a centered hole under tensile loading. A multi device method for the strain detection is created with the use of optical fiber, strain gauge and DIC technologies at the same time. In addition, based on microscopic observations, a 3D finite element model of the bonded optical fiber is created to simulate the behavior of the test specimen and to have an insight into the strain transfer between the host material and the optical fiber core. Lastly, being the test specimen a well-known case in literature, the strain is also computed with closed-form expressions. All the experimental, numerical, and analytical results are then compared.
Taking into account the possible sources of error, the comparison shows coherence between the different results. The optical fiber strain sensor reliability is verified through the multiple device method which represents the starting point for future research activities.
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Zamboni, Sandra Regina Oliveira Costa [UNESP]. "Efeito da ciclagem mecânica na deflexão de cúspides de pré-molares restaurados pela técnica direta e indireta: estudo com strain gauge." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97419.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a deformação cuspídea após aplicação de uma carga oclusal em dentes com restaurações diretas e indiretas tipo inlays em 60 pré-molares hígidos divididos em seis grupos: Grupo 1-dentes hígidos; Grupo 2-dentes preparados; Grupo 3-dentes restaurados com resina composta direta filtek. Z350 (3M ESPE); Grupo 4-dentes restaurados com resina composta indireta Sinfony (3M ESPE); Grupo 5- dentes restaurados com inlays de cerâmica injetada IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar) e Grupo 6-dentes restaurados com inlays produzidos pelo sistema CAD/CAM (CEREC 2). Todas as restaurações indiretas foram cimentadas com cimento resinoso adesivo RelyX ARC(3M ESPE). Os pre-molares receberam medidores de tensão (strain-gauge 060BG.Excel Sensores Brasil) colados nas superfícies vestibular e lingual que possibilitou a mensuração da deflexão das cúspides força aplicada de 100N na face oclusal dos dentes. Foram feitas medições em 'müstrain antes e apos a ciclagem mecânica com freqüência de 1Hz. Foram realizados testes ANOVA para medidas repetidas e Tukey para analisar o efeito do tratamento antes e apos a ciclagem mecânica. O teste de Dunnett foi usado para comparar cada tratamento com o controle. Os resultados antes da ciclagem foram em 'mü'strain: Grupo 1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Grupo 2- 583,37'mais ou menos'2,76; Grupo 3- 579,16'mais ou menos'3,92; Grupo 4- 578,12'mais ou menos'1,38; Grupo 5- 578,68'mais ou menos'1,57 e Grupo 6- 577,53'mais ou menos'1,93 e apos Grupo 1- 577,02'mais ou meno2,70; Grupo 2- 584,38'mais ou menos'0,827; Grupo 3- 579,24'mais ou menos'0,976 Grupo 4- 578,24'mais ou menos'1,05; Grupo 5- 578,74'mais ou menos'0,788 e Grupo 6- 580,54'mais ou menos'0,99. Após analise dos dados concluiu-se que os dentes que receberam preparo cavitário tiveram aumentada significantemente a deflexão de cúspide;...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cuspal deflection after application of a oclusal load in teeth with direct and indirect inlays restorations in sixty intact premolars divided in six groups: Group 1 - intacts teeth; Group 2 - prepared teeth; Group 3 - teeth restored with direct composed resin filtek. Z350 (3M ESPE); Group 4 - teeth restored with composed resin indirect Sinfony (3M ESPE); Group 5 - teeth restored with inlays of injected ceramics IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar) and Group 6 - teeth restored with inlays produced by system CAD CAM (CEREC 2). All the indirect restorations had been cemented with resinous cement adhesive RelyX ARC (3M ESPE). Premolars received measurers from tension (`strain-gauge' Modelo 060BG - Excel Sensory - Brazil) glue in the buccal and lingual surfaces that the measurement of the cuspal deflection made possible caused by a force applied of 100N in the oclusal face of teeth. Measurements in 'müstrain had been made before and after the mechanical loading procedures frequently of 1Hz. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and test of Tukey was carried before and after the mechanical loading procedures. Dunnett test was used to compare each treatment with the control Group. The results before the mechanical loading procedures in 'mü'strain had been: Group1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Group2 - 583,37'mais ou menos'2,76; Group3 - 579,16'mais ou menos'3,92; Group4 - 578,12'mais ou menos'1,38; Group5 - 578,68'mais ou menos'1,57 and Group6 - 577,53'mais ou menos'1,93 and the results had after been: Group1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Group2- 584,38'mais ou menos'0,827; Group3 - 579,24 'mais ou menos'0,976; Group4 - 578,24'mais ou menos'1,05; Group 5- 578,74'mais ou menos'0,788 and Group6 - 580,54'mais ou menos'0,99. After analysis of the data concluded that the teeth that had received preparation cavitario MOD had increased the cuspal deflection...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Zamboni, Sandra Regina Oliveira Costa. "Efeito da ciclagem mecânica na deflexão de cúspides de pré-molares restaurados pela técnica direta e indireta : estudo com strain gauge /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97419.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lafayette Nogueira JuniorBanca: Lourenço Correr Sobrinho
Banca: Fernando Eidi Takahashi
Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a deformação cuspídea após aplicação de uma carga oclusal em dentes com restaurações diretas e indiretas tipo inlays em 60 pré-molares hígidos divididos em seis grupos: Grupo 1-dentes hígidos; Grupo 2-dentes preparados; Grupo 3-dentes restaurados com resina composta direta filtek. Z350 (3M ESPE); Grupo 4-dentes restaurados com resina composta indireta Sinfony (3M ESPE); Grupo 5- dentes restaurados com inlays de cerâmica injetada IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar) e Grupo 6-dentes restaurados com inlays produzidos pelo sistema CAD/CAM (CEREC 2). Todas as restaurações indiretas foram cimentadas com cimento resinoso adesivo RelyX ARC(3M ESPE). Os pre-molares receberam medidores de tensão (strain-gauge 060BG.Excel Sensores Brasil) colados nas superfícies vestibular e lingual que possibilitou a mensuração da deflexão das cúspides força aplicada de 100N na face oclusal dos dentes. Foram feitas medições em 'mü"strain antes e apos a ciclagem mecânica com freqüência de 1Hz. Foram realizados testes ANOVA para medidas repetidas e Tukey para analisar o efeito do tratamento antes e apos a ciclagem mecânica. O teste de Dunnett foi usado para comparar cada tratamento com o controle. Os resultados antes da ciclagem foram em 'mü'strain: Grupo 1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Grupo 2- 583,37'mais ou menos'2,76; Grupo 3- 579,16'mais ou menos'3,92; Grupo 4- 578,12'mais ou menos'1,38; Grupo 5- 578,68'mais ou menos'1,57 e Grupo 6- 577,53'mais ou menos'1,93 e apos Grupo 1- 577,02'mais ou meno2,70; Grupo 2- 584,38'mais ou menos'0,827; Grupo 3- 579,24'mais ou menos'0,976 Grupo 4- 578,24'mais ou menos'1,05; Grupo 5- 578,74'mais ou menos'0,788 e Grupo 6- 580,54'mais ou menos'0,99. Após analise dos dados concluiu-se que os dentes que receberam preparo cavitário tiveram aumentada significantemente a deflexão de cúspide;...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cuspal deflection after application of a oclusal load in teeth with direct and indirect inlays restorations in sixty intact premolars divided in six groups: Group 1 - intacts teeth; Group 2 - prepared teeth; Group 3 - teeth restored with direct composed resin filtek. Z350 (3M ESPE); Group 4 - teeth restored with composed resin indirect Sinfony (3M ESPE); Group 5 - teeth restored with inlays of injected ceramics IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar) and Group 6 - teeth restored with inlays produced by system CAD CAM (CEREC 2). All the indirect restorations had been cemented with resinous cement adhesive RelyX ARC (3M ESPE). Premolars received measurers from tension ('strain-gauge' Modelo 060BG - Excel Sensory - Brazil) glue in the buccal and lingual surfaces that the measurement of the cuspal deflection made possible caused by a force applied of 100N in the oclusal face of teeth. Measurements in 'müstrain had been made before and after the mechanical loading procedures frequently of 1Hz. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and test of Tukey was carried before and after the mechanical loading procedures. Dunnett test was used to compare each treatment with the control Group. The results before the mechanical loading procedures in 'mü'strain had been: Group1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Group2 - 583,37'mais ou menos'2,76; Group3 - 579,16'mais ou menos'3,92; Group4 - 578,12'mais ou menos'1,38; Group5 - 578,68'mais ou menos'1,57 and Group6 - 577,53'mais ou menos'1,93 and the results had after been: Group1- 577,02'mais ou menos'2,70; Group2- 584,38'mais ou menos'0,827; Group3 - 579,24 'mais ou menos'0,976; Group4 - 578,24'mais ou menos'1,05; Group 5- 578,74'mais ou menos'0,788 and Group6 - 580,54'mais ou menos'0,99. After analysis of the data concluded that the teeth that had received preparation cavitario MOD had increased the cuspal deflection...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Azmi, Mohd Shahrul Nizam. "Development of a strain gauge for monitoring system that can be applied to wind turbine blades stress testing in the laboratory." Thesis, Azmi, Mohd Shahrul Nizam (2018) Development of a strain gauge for monitoring system that can be applied to wind turbine blades stress testing in the laboratory. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41904/.
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This document will provide information about the approach that used to get the reading information from the wind blade in laboratory. This part is mainly focusing on getting a signal reading from a strain gauge to Arduino. The development of this project was based upon the requirement to study the effect of the turbulence that might affect the wind turbine blade. The investigation of the load that the blade experienced will then be analysed to ensure the wind turbine is able to maximise the production and also take into account the safety issues that arise according to the standard after project design constructing and implementation occurred in the real system. This document will show the details of the instruments and the design approach that enabled capturing of the load data in a controlled environment. In field testing, strain gauges on the root of turbine blades capture the blade flapwise and edgewise loading. This project focuses on development of a monitoring system to capture strain gauge data. To simplify the experiment, strain gauge are loaded in the controlled environment of a laboratory. A programme and a setup to implement this project has been developed at this. A results gathered in Chapter 4 Result and Analysis documented throughout this stage will be more reliable, proven and realistic if the content of this document is demonstrated on the real wind blade that located in Pilot Plant area. However, to develop the full functionality of this project, a person also needs to understand the transmitter and receiver aspects of the project. The establishment of the basic data logging for the main project was achieved based on the result collected.
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Gondal, Farrukh Mehmood. "Embedded Wireless Sensor Network for Aircraft/Automobile Tire Structural Health Monitoring." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34222.
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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of automobile tires has been an active area of research in the last few years. Within this area, the monitoring of strain on tires using wireless devices and networks is gaining prominence because these techniques do not require any wired connections. Various tire manufacturers are looking into SHM of automobile tires due to the Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation (TREAD) act which demands installation of tire pressure monitoring devices within the tire. Besides measuring tire pressures, tire manufactures are also examining ways to measure strain and temperature as well to enhance overall safety of an automobile.
A sensor system that can measure the overall strain of a tire is known as a centralized strain sensing system. However, a centralized strain sensing system cannot find the location and severity of the damage on the tire, which is a basic requirement. Various sensors such as acceleration and optical sensors have also been proposed to be used together to get more local damage information on the tire. In this thesis we have developed a strain sensing system that performs local strain measurements on the tire and transmits them to a console inside the vehicle wirelessly. Our sensing system utilizes a new sensing material called Metal RubberTM which is shown to be conductive like metal, and flexible as rubber. Also, we have also developed a reliable and an energy efficient geographic routing protocol for transporting strain data wirelessly from a tire surface to the driver of the automobile.Master of Science
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Albarracín, Max Laurent. "Deformações geradas no intermediário e região peri-implantar após aplicação de cargas inclinadas em coroas unitárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-03022016-153654/.
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A reabilitação protética de pacientes desdentados é uma área da Odontologia amplamente estudada por pesquisadores do mundo todo, e com o desenvolvimento dos implantes osseointegrados surgiram muitas perguntas sobre o desempenho das próteses instaladas sobre estes. Conhecer o comportamento mecânico do conjunto coroa unitária, intermediário, implante e tecido de suporte é importante para entender o processo de transmissão de forças e suas consequências, processos estes que ainda não estão totalmente compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a deformação gerada no intermediário e no osso peri-implantar após aplicação de uma carga inclinada sobre coroas unitárias metalocerâmicas. Foi utilizado um modelo mestre de poliuretano, simulando o osso mandibular, com um implante hexágono externo de 3,75mm x13 mm de comprimento, no qual foi fixado um intermediário multi-unit. O trabalho foi realizado com 3 grupos de 4 coroas cada, divididos de acordo com o tipo de cilindro e liga de fundição (cilindros de ouro sobrefundidos com liga de PdAg, cilindro de acrílico fundido com liga de NiCoCr e cilindros de CoCr usinado sobrefundidos com liga de NiCoCr). Cada corpo de prova foi submetido cinco vezes à aplicação de carga oblíqua de 15 e 30 graus no centro da oclusal de cada coroa com uma força de 300N em uma máquina universal de ensaios. Foram realizadas leituras das deformações geradas no intermediário e no poliuretano, com o uso de extensômetros lineares elétricos (strain gauges) os quais foram colados em três faces do intermediário (Disto lingual, Mesio lingual, Vestibular) e nas superfícies mesial, vestibular, distal e lingual do osso simulado ao redor do implante. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância a 3 critérios (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey, utilizando um nível de significância (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que entre as duas angulações utilizadas existiram diferenças estatísticas significantes. Os valores médios de deformação se mantiveram dentro dos padrões de normalidade, na janela fisiológica descrita por Frost entre 50 με e 1500 με independente do tipo de cilindro utilizado, com exceção dos valores de compressão obtidos na carga oblíqua de 30 graus onde nos três tipos de cilindro ultrapassaram a janela de sobrecarga patológica com mais de 4000 με.The prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients is a dental area widely studied by worldwide researchers, and through the development of dental implants, appear many questions about the performance of prostheses installed on them. Knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the integration between single crown, abutment, implant and support tissue is very important to understand the forces transmission process and its consequences but these processes are not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the deformation generated in the abutment and simulated peri-implant bone after application of an oblique load on metal-ceramic crowns. A polyurethane master model was used to simulate the jawbone with an implant external hexagon 3.75 mm x13 mm length, which was fixed in a multi-unit abutment. The study was conducted with twelve metal ceramic crowns divided according to type of cylinder and casting alloy, Group 1: Gold cylinder cast with PdAg alloy; Group 2: Acrylic cylinder cast with NiCoCr alloy; Group 3: CoCr cylinder cast with NiCoCr alloy, thus forming three groups of four sample each. Each specimen was subjected five times the application of oblique load of 15 and 30 degrees in the center of the occlusal of each crown with a 300N force in a universal testing machine. Readings were taken of the deformations generated in the abutment and bone simulated by polyurethane, with the use of electric linear strain gauges which have been positioned on three sides equidistant to each other to measure microstrains at abutment (disto-lingual, meso-lingual, Vestibular) and the simulated bone around each implant received four strain gauges, positioned on the mesial, distal, buccal and lingual aspects. The data were submitted to analysis of variance to 3 criteria (ANOVA) and Tukey test, using a significance level (p <0.05). The results showed that between the two angles tested there were significant statistical differences. The deformation average values remained within normal limits, at the adapted state described by Frost between 50 με and 1500 με independent of the type of cylinder used, with the exception of compression values in oblique load of 30 degrees where the three types of cylinder surpassed the pathological overhead state with over 4,000 με.
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Stedt, Viktor. "Wearable EMG sensor och kraftmätning med trådtöjningsgivare." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277741.
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Vid träning av baksida lår kan det vara svårt att förstå hur muskeln aktiveras. Genom att visualisera de myoelektriska signalerna från biceps femoris och semimembranosus till den som tränar kan personen få en bättre mind-muscle connection. I examensarbetet har två teoretiska EMG sensorer skapats och simulerats, kod har skrivits för att filtrera fyra EMG signaler samt överföra dessa över BLE, kraftsensorer är kopplade och kod är skriven för att avgöra den kraftutveckling som sker i en kontraktion av baksida lår. EMG sensorerna har jämförts med SparkFuns MyoWear muskelsensor, OpenBCI Cyton board och BioNomadix BN-EMG2-T. Båda de teoretiska lösningarna anses likvärdiga med ett billigare alternativ till Cryton Board, en flerkanalig lösning till MyoWear, BN-EMG2-T är för dyr att realistiskt implementeras till examensarbetets syfte. Simuleringarna visar att kretsarna behandlar signalen enligt tänkt sätt men det gick inte att bygga en prototyp då en pandemi har begränsat KTH:s verksamhetOne difficulty when training hamstrings is the understanding of how the muscle is activated. Through visualization of the myoelectrical signals from biceps femoris and semimembranosus to the exerciser, a better mind-muscle connection can be achieved. In this bachelor thesis, two theoretical EMG sensors were created and simulated, code to filter four EMG signals and transmit them through BLE was written, also a way to calculate how much force is applied in a hamstring curl was constructed. Both EMG sensors have been compared against SparkFuns MyoWear muscle sensor, OpenBCI Cyton Board and BioNOmadix BN-EMG2-T. The theoretical EMG sensors are interconvertible to a cheaper Cyton Board, a multichannel alternative to MyoWear, the BN-EMG2-T is too expensive to be a realistic alternative for this bachelor thesis attended purpose. Simulations show that the EMG sensors behave as intended but because of a pandemic, a prototype could not be created.
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Bu, Lei. "Computational and experimental studies of strain sensitive carbon nanotube films." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-156473.
Full textAbstract:
The excellent electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide interesting opportunities to realize new types of strain gauges. However, there are still challenges for the further development of CNT film strain gauges, for instance the lack of design rules, the homogeneity, stability and reproducibility of CNT films. This thesis aims to address these issues from two sides: simulation and experiment. Monte Carlo simulations show that both the sheet resistance and gauge factor of CNT films are determined essentially by the two-dimensional exclude area of CNTs. It was shown, for the first time, that the variation of the CNT film gauge factor follows the percolation scaling law. The sheet resistance and gauge factor both have a power-law divergence when approaching the percolation threshold. The standard deviation of film resistances, however, also increases correspondingly. These findings of simulations provide a general guide to the tailoring of material property of CNT films in strain sensing applications: a compromise should be made between the reproducibility, conductivity and sensitivity of CNT films depending on application purposes. From the experimental side, the processing parameters for the preparation of CNT dispersions were first investigated and optimized. The reproducibility of the film resistance is significantly improved by selecting a suitable sonication time. In strain measurements it was found that for most CNT films the film resistance responses nonlinearly to the applied strain. The dependence of the film resistance on the strain can be roughly divided into two regions with nearly linear behavior respectively. The gauge factor varies with the quality of CNTs and the depositing method. A gauge factor up to 8 was achieved in the high strain region. The nonlinear response behavior was found in simulations when the CNT waviness is properly taken into account. To achieve a high gauge factor and simultaneously retain the high conductivity and reproducibility, good-quality MWCNTs were integrated in polyethylene oxide (PEO). A high gauge factor up to 10 was achieved for the composite film with CNT weight fraction of 2.5%. The resistance and gauge factor can be tuned by changing the MWCNT weight fraction with respect to PEO. A careful comparison of simulation and experiment results show that a good qualitative agreement can be achieved between them in many respects.
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Neto, Rafael Tobias Moretti. "Avaliação da deformação do intermediário e região perimplantar de próteses implanto-suportada unitárias parafusada: estudo através da extensometria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25135/tde-02062011-144503/.
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O implante dental depende do osso de suporte para sua estabilidade e ongevidade funcional. O comportamento mecânico e a estrutura trabecular do osso afetam a interface com o implante. Tal conhecimento pode fornecer uma base para melhoramentos na função e desenho dos implantes atuais minimizando a reabsorção da crista óssea e falha na junção osso-implante. Desta forma a correta quantificação das forças que atuam sobre o sistema de implante e principalmente no osso de suporte ao qual ele está inserido é importante para o entendimento da biomecânica possibilitando que intervenções possam ser realizadas pelos profissionais visando assim à longevidade das próteses implanto-suportadas bem como dos implantes que as sustentam. Por essa razão, a proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar, com auxílio de extensômetros elétricos, se o processo laboratorial de confecção de coroas metalocerâmicas resulta em alterações das tensões no osso ao redor dos implantes. Para isto foi utilizado um modelo de poliuretano em forma de U simulando o osso mandibular com dois implantes de hexágono externo de 3,75mm de diâmetro por 13 mm de comprimento, nos quais foram fixados intermediários multi-unit. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados com dois tipos de ligas odontológicas - Cobalto-Cromo e Paládio-Prata - e três tipos de cilindros protéticos calcinável, usinado de Cobalto-Cromo e usinado de Ouro. As leituras de deformação foram realizadas em dois momentos: 1- após a fundição das infra-estruturas e 2 após estas infra-estruturas terem recebido cobertura cerâmica. Os testes foram realizados parafusando os corpos de prova sobre os intermediários utilizando-se para isto um dispositivo eletrônico de torque com força máxima de 10 Ncm. Os resultados mostraram que, após a aplicação da cobertura cerâmica, ocorreu piora da condição de assentamento aos intermediários. O mesmo não foi detectado quando se avaliou a deformação do osso simulado, já que os valores de deformação não ndicaram diferenças antes e após a aplicação da cerâmica.The dental implant depends on the supporting bone for its stability and functional longevity. Mechanical behavior and trabecular bone structure affect the interface with the implant. Such knowledge may provide a basis for improvements in the current implant function and design, decreasing bone crest resorption and failure at bone-implant junction. Adequate quantification of forces that act upon the implant system and mainly on the supporting bone is important for understanding the biomechanics, allowing the intervention by professionals with the purpose of achieving the longevity of implant-supported prostheses. Therefore, this work aims at evaluating, with the aid of strain gauges, whether the laboratorial process of metal ceramic crown fabrication results in changes of the tensions around the implants. A U-shaped polyurethane model simulating the mandibular bone with two 3.75-mm diameter and 13-mm length external hexagon implants were used with fixed multi-unit abutments. Specimens were prepared with two types of dental alloys - cobalt-chromium and silver-palladium - and three types of prosthetic cylinder castable plastic, prefabricated in cobalt-chromium or gold. The deformation readings were performed in two moments: 1- after framework casting and 2- after ceramic layering of the framework. The tests were performed with the framework screwed onto the abutments at 10Ncm using an electronic torque device. The results showed that the ceramic layering worsened the fit between the crowns and the abutments. The same was not detected when bone deformation was evaluated since the values were not statistically different.
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Abreu, Celina Wanderley de [UNESP]. "Extensometria: estudo das deformações ao redor de três implantes cone morse, com posicionamento linear, sob carga axial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97354.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a aplicação de carga e distribuição das microdeformações ao redor de implantes com conexão protética cone morse. Três implantes foram inseridos num bloco de poliuretano e pilares microunit foram instalados nos implantes com torque de 20 Ncm. Três coifas usinadas foram adaptadas nos pilares para configurar a supraestrutura protética (n=5) e comparar com as supra-estruturas obtidas com coifas plásticas. Quatro extensômetros foram colados na superfície superior do bloco. Uma carga vertical estática de 30 Kg foi aplicada em cinco pontos das supra-estruturas. Os registros obtidos dos extensômetros foram submetidos ao teste estatístico ANOVA e Tukey (α=5%). As medidas derivadas dessa simulação revelaram que durante a aplicação de carga: (1) existiu uma relação direta do local de aplicação e na distribuição da microdeformação ao redor dos implantes; (2) não existiu diferença na microdeformação entre coifas plásticas e usinadas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the load transfer and strain distribution by an implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis. Three implants Morse Taper were inserted in a polyurethane block and abutments microunit were installed on the implants with a torque of 20 Ncm. Plastic cylinders and prefabricated cylinders were adapted on abutments to fabricate the framework (n=5). Four strain gauges were attached on the superior surface of the block and then each framework was tight on the abutments with a torque of 10 Ncm and vertical load of 30Kg was applied to five points on the framework. The data obtained in the strain gauge analysis were submitted to the statistical tests ANOVA and Tukey (α=5%). The measurements derived from this simulation revealed that: (1) there was a direct proportion between the strain distribution in the metal framework and stresses created in the supporting structure around the implants; (2) there was not a strain difference between plastic and prefabricated cylinders during the load transfer
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Castilho, Anderson Almeida. "Efeito de dois sistemas de soldagem na alteração dimensional nas ligas de cobalto-cromo verificado por meio de análise por extensometria linear elétrica e resistência à flexão /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97350.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Fernando Eidi TakahashiBanca: Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara
Banca: Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita
Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a alteração dimensional provocada pelos procedimentos de soldagem nas infra-estruturas de próteses fixas impanto-suportadas por meio de análise de extensometria linear elétrica assim como se determinar a resistência flexão de dois tipos de juntas soldadas (Arco-Plasma e Laser) em liga Odontológica Co-Cr. Para tanto, estruturas metálicas foram fundidas pelo método de indução para pilares tipo micro-unit. Para esse estudo, foram investigados três grupos: Grupo controle (G I: fundição em Monobloco, n=10), Grupo Arco-Plasma (G II: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em Arco-Plasma, n=10) e Grupo Laser (G III: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em LASER, n=10) as quais após assentamento em modelo de análise extensométrica, foram coletadas três leituras de microdeformação (με) para cada amostra. Os grupos, após ensaio de extensometria linear elétrica, foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão (MPa) em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC, 0,5 mm/min, 500Kg). As médias ±DP dos valores de microdeformação observados para as condições foram para o grupo Monobloco:461,9με; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 637,0με e para o grupo Laser : 526,8με. Os resultados obtidos após o teste de resistência à flexão foram: para o grupo Monobloco: 1857,2MPa; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 1820MPa e para o grupo Laser : 1068Mpa. Uma comparação em análise extensométrica entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional, foi efetuada por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Verificou-se que a distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional não difere Estatisticamente (estatística kw = 1,77; gl = 2; p = 0,414 > 0,05). Uma comparação entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes caused by the welding procedures in implant-supported prostheses infrastructure by strain gauge analysis as well as to determine the flexural strength values of two types of welded joints (Arc-Plasm and Laser) in Co-Cr dental alloy. Thus, metal structures were casted by induction method for micro-unit type abutment. For this study, three groups were evaluated: Control Group (G I: monoblock casting, n = 10), Arc-Plasm Group (G II: casting and welding of structures in Arc-Plasm, n = 10) and Laser Group (G III: casting and welding of structures in Laser, n = 10), in which were, after placing the samples in the strain gauge analysis model, three micro strain (με) measurements for each specimen were collected. The groups, after strain gauge analysis, were submitted to flexural strength (MPa) test in an universal testing machine (EMIC, 0.5 mm / min, 500Kg). Mean ± SD values of microstrain conditions observed for the Monoblock group were: 461.9 mε; for the Arc-Plasm group: 637.0 mε and the Laser group: 526.8 mε. The results, after flexural strength test, were: Monoblock group: 1857.2 MPa; Arc-Plasm group: 1820 MPa and Laser group: 1068 MPa. The strain gauge comparison analysis between the three groups, as well the distribution of dimensional changes values were made by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values' distribution of dimensional changes do not differ statistically (KW statistic = 1.77, df = 2, p = 0.414> 0.05). A comparison between the three groups, in relation to the 108 distribution of the values of flexural strength, was performed by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values distribution of flexural strength differ statistically... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Chen, Mingqing. "Towards 4D MVCBCT for lung tumor treatment." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3276.
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Currently in our clinic, a mega-voltage cone beam computed tomography (MVCBCT) scan is performed before each treatment for patient localization. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, a strain gauge is used as an external surrogate to indicate tumor motion in both the planning stage and the treatment stage. However, it is likely that the amplitude of tumor motion varies between treatment fractions without a corresponding change in the surrogate signal. Motion amplitude larger than what was planned may underdose the tumor and overexpose normal tissues.
The overall objective of this project is to extend the capabilities of MVCBCT for respiratory motion management by taking advantage of 2D projection images. First, a new method was developed to detect ipsi-lateral hemi-diaphragm apex (IHDA) motion along superior-inferior (SI) direction in 3D. Then a respiratory correlated reconstruction method was implemented and verified. This method is able to create MVCBCT volume in the full exhale (FE) and the full inhale (FI) phases, respectively. The diaphragm to tumor motion ratio (DTMR) was derived by quantifying the absolute position of the tumor and IHDA in these two volumes. The DTMR and the extracted IHDA motion were further used to calibrate the strain gauge signal.
Second, an organ motion detection approach was developed, in which the detection is converted into an optimal interrelated surface detection problem. The framework was first applied to tumor motion extraction, which enables accurate detection for large tumors (with a diameter not smaller than 1.9cm). The framework was then applied to lung motion extraction and the extracted lung motion model was used to create a series of displacement vector fields for a motion compensated (MC) reconstruction. The accuracy of both tumor extraction and the MC approach was validated, which shows their clinical feasibility.
Last but not least, a novel enhancement framework was developed. The aim of this approach is to eliminate the overlapping tissues and organs in the CBCT projection images. Though scattering and noise is the major problem, the proposed method is able to achieve enhanced projection images with a higher contrast to noise ratio (CNR) without compromising detection accuracy on tumors and IHDA.
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Beran, Vojtěch. "Využití nalepovacích tenzometru pro stanovení tlaku v potrubí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318144.
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This master´s thesis deals with determination of pressure in the pipe using foil strain gauge. It is calculation of the pressure from the measured strain. The main purpose of this work is devise mathematical-technological models to determinate internal pipe pressure from longitudinal deformation. Devised models were used on data from realized experiment and results were compared with real value of pressures in pipes. This thesis contains three models which were mutually compared. Sensitivity analysis were done on two of these models. Thesis also contains opening research of strain gauge problematics. Description of basic knowledge of physical objects mechanic with focusing on shells also belongs to this theoretical part.
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Ozturk, Sevki. "Distribution Of Bending Moments In Laterally Loaded Passive Pile Groups A Model Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610378/index.pdf.
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In this study, bending moment distributions developed in laterally loaded passive pile and passive pile groups in cohesionless soil were investigated in laboratory conditions through model pile experiments. Different from the active pile loading, the lateral load was given directly to the piles using a movable large direct shear box. In these experiments strain gauges fastened to the piles and a computer based data reading system were used. The strain values were measured at five levels on the piles. The behavior of a single pile and a pile group having five piles were investigated through strain measurements in order to observe bending moment distribution on the piles.
After evaluating the test results, the behavior of passive single pile was found to be similar to the results obtained in early studies. Negative bending moments were observed at the specified depths above the shear plane and positive bending moments were measured at the level of the shear plane and below the shear plane. Maximum bending moments were obtained at 0.7L (L: Length of Pile) for single piles and piles in the group. Above the shear plane, maximum bending moments within the pile
group were found to be developed on the piles nearest to the loading. On the shear plane maximum bending moments were developed on the piles farthest from the loading just like active piles. Below the shear plane, maximum bending moments were developed mainly on the piles nearest to the loading.
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Castilho, Anderson Almeida [UNESP]. "Efeito de dois sistemas de soldagem na alteração dimensional nas ligas de cobalto-cromo verificado por meio de análise por extensometria linear elétrica e resistência à flexão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97350.
Full textAbstract:
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O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a alteração dimensional provocada pelos procedimentos de soldagem nas infra-estruturas de próteses fixas impanto-suportadas por meio de análise de extensometria linear elétrica assim como se determinar a resistência flexão de dois tipos de juntas soldadas (Arco-Plasma e Laser) em liga Odontológica Co-Cr. Para tanto, estruturas metálicas foram fundidas pelo método de indução para pilares tipo micro-unit. Para esse estudo, foram investigados três grupos: Grupo controle (G I: fundição em Monobloco, n=10), Grupo Arco-Plasma (G II: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em Arco-Plasma, n=10) e Grupo Laser (G III: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em LASER, n=10) as quais após assentamento em modelo de análise extensométrica, foram coletadas três leituras de microdeformação (με) para cada amostra. Os grupos, após ensaio de extensometria linear elétrica, foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão (MPa) em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC, 0,5 mm/min, 500Kg). As médias ±DP dos valores de microdeformação observados para as condições foram para o grupo Monobloco:461,9με; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 637,0με e para o grupo Laser : 526,8με. Os resultados obtidos após o teste de resistência à flexão foram: para o grupo Monobloco: 1857,2MPa; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 1820MPa e para o grupo Laser : 1068Mpa. Uma comparação em análise extensométrica entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional, foi efetuada por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Verificou-se que a distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional não difere Estatisticamente (estatística kw = 1,77; gl = 2; p = 0,414 > 0,05). Uma comparação entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes caused by the welding procedures in implant-supported prostheses infrastructure by strain gauge analysis as well as to determine the flexural strength values of two types of welded joints (Arc-Plasm and Laser) in Co-Cr dental alloy. Thus, metal structures were casted by induction method for micro-unit type abutment. For this study, three groups were evaluated: Control Group (G I: monoblock casting, n = 10), Arc-Plasm Group (G II: casting and welding of structures in Arc-Plasm, n = 10) and Laser Group (G III: casting and welding of structures in Laser, n = 10), in which were, after placing the samples in the strain gauge analysis model, three micro strain (με) measurements for each specimen were collected. The groups, after strain gauge analysis, were submitted to flexural strength (MPa) test in an universal testing machine (EMIC, 0.5 mm / min, 500Kg). Mean ± SD values of microstrain conditions observed for the Monoblock group were: 461.9 mε; for the Arc-Plasm group: 637.0 mε and the Laser group: 526.8 mε. The results, after flexural strength test, were: Monoblock group: 1857.2 MPa; Arc-Plasm group: 1820 MPa and Laser group: 1068 MPa. The strain gauge comparison analysis between the three groups, as well the distribution of dimensional changes values were made by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values´ distribution of dimensional changes do not differ statistically (KW statistic = 1.77, df = 2, p = 0.414> 0.05). A comparison between the three groups, in relation to the 108 distribution of the values of flexural strength, was performed by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values distribution of flexural strength differ statistically... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carvajal, Marambio Sebastián Andrés. "Estudio del proceso de ruptura en probetas de rocas sometidas a carga uniaxial mediante técnicas DIC." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168457.
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GeólogoEn el rubro de la minería siempre están muy presentes dos factores, la rentabilidad del negocio y la seguridad de los trabajadores. Para cumplir con ambas es necesario tener un acabado conocimiento sobre el comportamiento local de la roca. Entre las pruebas más básicas e importantes dentro de la caracterización física de la roca está el de compresión uniaxial no confinado (UCS), que como bien dice su nombre, es una prueba donde se aplica compresión en un solo sentido (vertical) a una muestra de roca cilíndrica, hasta que esta falle. Externamente se usa un dispositivo para medir la deformación, como los strain gauges y LVDT. Si bien estos son métodos confiables y ampliamente usados, en este trabajo, el objetivo es validar una técnica relativamente nueva en esta área, la medición de deformación usando correlación de imágenes digitales (DIC). El concepto básico de esta consiste en tomar una gran cantidad de fotos de un objeto en una ventana de tiempo en la que presente algún tipo de movimiento o deformación. Estas imágenes son luego procesadas en un software especializado que identifica los desplazamientos a través de la comparación de imágenes. Lo que se hace en este trabajo es realizar y grabar 15 ensayos UCS de carga fija en probetas de roca, con los que se busca determinar hasta donde llegan las capacidades del DIC en estudios de roca. En las pruebas realizadas se encuentra que los gráficos de deformación versus estrés son parecidos a los que se hacen con otros métodos. La cantidad de deformación es similar, mientras que la forma y eventos capturados en la curva dependen mucho del criterio de posicionamiento de las mediciones por DIC. Se confeccionan representaciones visuales de la deformación, donde se muestra, usando mapas de colores, las zonas que sufren desplazamiento durante el proceso de falla. Por último, en el análisis estructural de la secuencia se hace un detalle de cómo va apareciendo cada fractura durante la carga, dando la posibilidad de encontrar relaciones entre cada falla. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el DIC es un método muy flexible en cuanto que puede hacer infinitas mediciones de la cara estudiada, de alta precisión y que entrega mucha más información que otros métodos. Todo esto hace que sea muy útil en tres escenarios: cuando se quieren hacer mediciones de deformación sobre una muestra, cuando se quiere mostrar visualmente la deformación ocurrida en la muestra y para hacer análisis estructurales muy enfocados.
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Masiulionis, Ričardas. "Research of Electronic Devices for Monitoring of Small Strains." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130211_132334-01555.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes and solves the problems of monitoring of constructions strains (small resistance changes) in a number of points of the structure. The essence of investigated systems is test of the strain gauges small resistance changes proportional to displacement or strain and reaching only thousandths of parts of percent. The main objects of research is strain detection circuits working under automatic multipoint balanced Wheatstone bridge and the current balancing methods.
The introduction reveals the importance of investigated problem, formulates the aim and tasks, introduces publications and presentations of the author’s and the structure of the dissertation. The first chapter is a review of literature. It analyzes practical use of strain measurement methods, their advantages and disadvantages, opportunities to use these methods in automated systems. The chapter ends with formulated conclusions. The second section presents balanced methods of the strain monitoring. Analysis of balanced Wheatstone bridge device is made. New strain monitoring device by balancing currents are proposed and investigated. There are two possible ways: with two current sources and one current source. The third and fourth sections provide results of computer simulation and experimental models. The proposed devices of balancing currents has been modeled and tested in practice. Stability of the devices was tested and their work simulating in real conditions. Conclusions, references and the... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos ir sprendžiamos konstrukcijų deformacijų (varžų mažų pokyčių) nustatymo daugelyje konstrukcijos taškų problemos. Tiriamų sistemų funkcionavimo esmė yra įtempių jutiklių varžos mažų pokyčių proporcingų poslinkiui ar deformacijai ir siekiančių tik tūkstantąsias procento dalis nustatymas. Pagrindiniai tyrimo objektai yra automatinių daugiataškių balansuojamo Vitstono tiltelio ir srovių balansavimo metodais veikiantys deformacijų nustatymo grandynai. Įvadiniame skyriuje nagrinėjamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, pristatomi autoriaus pranešimai ir publikacijos, pateikiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikta literatūros apžvalga. Jame analizuojami praktikoje naudojami deformacijų nustatymo metodai, pateikiami jų privalumai ir trūkumai, galimybės naudoti šiuos metodus automatizuotose sistemose. Antrajame skyriuje pateikti konstrukcijų deformacijų balansuojami nustatymo būdai. Yra atlikta balansuojamo Vitstono tiltelio metodo analizė. Pateiktas naujas deformacijų stebėjimo balansuojant sroves metodas ir atlikta jo analizė. Jame išskiriami du galimi būdai: su dviem srovės šaltiniais ir su vienu srovės šaltiniu. Trečiajame ir ketvirtajame skyriuose pateikti kompiuterinio modeliavimo ir eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatai. Buvo sumodeliuotas ir praktiškai patikrintas pasiūlyto srovės balansavimo metodo praktinis veikimas. Patikrintas įrenginių stabilumas ir jų darbas imituojant realias sąlygas. Disertacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Masiulionis, Ričardas. "Mažų deformacijų stebėsenos elektroninių įrenginių tyrimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130211_132339-35558.
Full textAbstract:
Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos ir sprendžiamos konstrukcijų deformacijų (varžų mažų pokyčių) nustatymo daugelyje konstrukcijos taškų problemos. Tiriamų sistemų funkcionavimo esmė yra įtempių jutiklių varžos mažų pokyčių proporcingų poslinkiui ar deformacijai ir siekiančių tik tūkstantąsias procento dalis nustatymas. Pagrindiniai tyrimo objektai yra automatinių daugiataškių balansuojamo Vitstono tiltelio ir srovių balansavimo metodais veikiantys deformacijų nustatymo grandynai.
Įvadiniame skyriuje nagrinėjamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, pristatomi autoriaus pranešimai ir publikacijos, pateikiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikta literatūros apžvalga. Jame analizuojami praktikoje naudojami deformacijų nustatymo metodai, pateikiami jų privalumai ir trūkumai, galimybės naudoti šiuos metodus automatizuotose sistemose. Antrajame skyriuje pateikti konstrukcijų deformacijų balansuojami nustatymo būdai. Yra atlikta balansuojamo Vitstono tiltelio metodo analizė. Pateiktas naujas deformacijų stebėjimo balansuojant sroves metodas ir atlikta jo analizė. Jame išskiriami du galimi būdai: su dviem srovės šaltiniais ir su vienu srovės šaltiniu. Trečiajame ir ketvirtajame skyriuose pateikti kompiuterinio modeliavimo ir eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatai. Buvo sumodeliuotas ir praktiškai patikrintas pasiūlyto srovės balansavimo metodo praktinis veikimas. Patikrintas įrenginių stabilumas ir jų darbas imituojant realias sąlygas. Disertacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This thesis analyzes and solves the problems of monitoring of constructions strains (small resistance changes) in a number of points of the structure. The essence of investigated systems is test of the strain gauges small resistance changes proportional to displacement or strain and reaching only thousandths of parts of percent. The main objects of research is strain detection circuits working under automatic multipoint balanced Wheatstone bridge and the current balancing methods. The introduction reveals the importance of investigated problem, formulates the aim and tasks, introduces publications and presentations of the author’s and the structure of the dissertation. The first chapter is a review of literature. It analyzes practical use of strain measurement methods, their advantages and disadvantages, opportunities to use these methods in automated systems. The chapter ends with formulated conclusions. The second section presents balanced methods of the strain monitoring. Analysis of balanced Wheatstone bridge device is made. New strain monitoring device by balancing currents are proposed and investigated. There are two possible ways: with two current sources and one current source. The third and fourth sections provide results of computer simulation and experimental models. The proposed devices of balancing currents has been modeled and tested in practice. Stability of the devices was tested and their work simulating in real conditions. Conclusions, references and the... [to full text]
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BAKHTIARI, SAEEDEH. "Fatigue behaviour of welded components under variable amplitude loading." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141773.
Full textAbstract:
The current thesis work is based on fatigue testing of welded structures which is completed in collaboration with Volvo CE. Improvement of the technology and customers demands for higher quality products with lower price makes the VCE to invest on the product development projects. One of the projects in VCE focuses on the weight and production cost optimization of the bogie beam on the hauler. The present project is a completion of the previous project with the objective of the fatigue testing of the bogie beam of the hauler under oscillating loads for verification of the expected fatigue life assessed with FEM. In the process of this work, an existing test rig is modified. The strains over the beam are measured through strain gauges mounted on the beam. The simulated model, the stresses and strains are investigated. The fatigue life is evaluated with different fatigue assessment methods. Finally, the outcomes of all the methods for fatigue investigation of the beam are compared and verified.Detta examensarbete, som utförts för Volvo CE, behandlar utmattningsprov av svetsade konstruktioner. Teknikutveckling och förändrade kundkrav på högre kvalitet till en lägre kostnad är drivkrafter för Volvo CE att investera i produkt- och metodutvecklingsprojekt, som exempelvis det aktuella projektet att optimera vikt och tillverkningskostnad för boggi-balkar till dumprar. Detta projekt är en fortsättning av ett tidigare arbete som hade som mål att verifiera utmattningslivslängden för en boggibalk till en dumper predikterad med FEM, genom att utmattningsprova balken för oscillerande last. Som en del av projektet modifieras en existerande provningsrigg. Töjningar på balken mats med ett antal töjningsgivare monterade på balken. Spännings och töjningfrån den simulerade modellen analyseras och utmattningslivslängden jämförs för olika metoder för att prediktera utmattning. Slutligen jämförs och veriferas dessa metoder.
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Andersson, Andreas. "Measuring the contact pressure during sheet metal forming of automotive components." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20630.
Full textAbstract:
The competition in the car market in the world is continuously intensifying. To gain an advantage in the market while making a profit, each car manufacturer needs a strong focus on always improving in the technology development. It is not just technology of the cars that need development, but it is equally important to improve the manufacturing processes itself. In the end, this will result in more appealing products for the customer at a competitive cost. The aim and scope of this master thesis is to get a deeper understanding of the forces in the stamping die during sheet metal forming in manufacturing. By using strain gauges and microcontrollers, the forces during the entire forming process could be measured and analyzed. The relationship between the force on the pressure pins in the die and the length of the pressure pins was also investigated by adding shims on the pressure pins. A modular system using Arduino Uno with 3D-printed parts was developed to measure the forces in the blank holder during sheet metal forming. An Arduino software system and TeraTerm was found the most appropriate for collecting and organizing data from the strain gauge sensors and microcontrollers. Tests were then conducted using different settings of the press, and these showed that the forces in the blank holder were uneven. Adding shims to the pins so that they were all of equal length evened out the forces in the blank holder. Another test showed that adding more shims to only one of the pins increased the force in that pin, and that adding 0.5mm of shims to that pin more than doubled the maximum force. The system developed in this thesis can measure the forces in the blank holder during the sheet forming process at a lower speed of production. This system can also detect different force settings in the press. Lastly, it can also detect a difference in force for different pressure pin lengths.Konkurrensen på bilmarknaden i världen intensifieras kontinuerligt. För att få en fördel påmarknaden samtidigt som de gör vinst måste varje biltillverkare ha ett starkt fokus på att alltid förbättrateknikutvecklingen. Det är inte bara bilens teknik som behöver utvecklas, utan det är lika viktigt attförbättra tillverkningsprocesserna i sig. I slutändan kommer detta att resultera i mer attraktiva produkterför kunden till ett konkurrenskraftigt pris. Syftet och omfattningen av detta examensarbete är att få en djupare förståelse av krafterna ipressverktyget under plåtformningprocessen. Genom att använda töjningsgivare och mikrokontrollerkunde krafterna under hela formningsprocessen mätas och analyseras. Förhållandet mellan kraften påmothållarpinnarna i verktyget och längden på pinnarna undersöktes också genom att lägga till shims påpinnarna. Ett modulsystem som använde Arduino Uno med 3D-printade delar utvecklades för att mätakrafterna i formen under formningsprocessen. Ett Arduino-mjukvarusystem och TeraTerm bedömdesvara det mest lämpliga för att samla in och organisera data från töjningssensorer och mikrokontroller. Tester genomfördes sedan med olika inställningar i pressen, och dessa visade att krafterna ipressverktyget var ojämna. Genom att lägga till shims på pinnarna så att de alla var lika långa utjämnadeskrafterna i pressverktyget. Ett annat test visade att genom att lägga till fler shims på endast en avmothållarpinnarna ökade kraften i pinnen. Genom att tillägg till 0,5 mm shims på den pinnen mer änfördubblade den maximala kraften. Systemet som utvecklats i denna rapport kan mäta krafterna i pressverktygets mothållarpinnarunder formningsprocessen vid en lägre produktionshastighet. Detta system kan också upptäcka olikakraftinställningar i pressen. Slutligen kan den också upptäcka skillnader i kraft vid olika längder påmothållarpinnarna.