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Journal articles on the topic 'Strain distribution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Peters, KA, S. Gebremedhin,, RL Meltzer, MB Vieth, JH Beynon, and CM Sellars. "Strain Distribution Patterns During Plane Strain Compression." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 13, no. 1 (1985): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte10757j.

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2

Suzuki, Yusuke, Yusuke Ohashi, Masato Ohnishi, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "OS20F045 Two-Dimensional Strain-Distribution Sensor Using Carbon Nanotube." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS20F045——_OS20F045—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os20f045-.

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3

Ventura, Marco, Carlos Canchaya, David Pridmore, Bernard Berger, and Harald Brüssow. "Integration and Distribution of Lactobacillus johnsonii Prophages." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 15 (August 1, 2003): 4603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.15.4603-4608.2003.

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ABSTRACT In Lactobacillus johnsonii strain NCC533, two prophages were integrated into tRNA genes and one was disrupted by integration. In a survey, the prophages were restricted to strains sharing an essentially identical restriction pattern. Microarray analysis showed that the prophage DNA represents about 50% of the NCC533 strain-specific DNA.

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4

Valberg, Henry, Dirk Nolte, and Sepinood Torabzadeh Khorasani. "Deformations in Idealized 2D Extrusion Welding." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 2507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.2507.

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Metal flow inside the container and in the metal behind a butt-ended die bridge in idealized aluminum extrusion welding has been investigated by FEA and experiment with respect to the deformation of the material flowing around the bridge and into the layers close the extrusion seam weld. Along the mid-axis of the extrusion process the effective strain subjected to the extrusion material can be determined in three different ways. One way is to determine the strains from grid pattern experiments that reveal the real deformations. When it comes to FEA there are two options; the strains can be determined from the initial and final positions of a number of material points distributed along the mid-axis of the material, where after traditional theoretical strain-equations can be used to calculate the effective strain distribution along the axis. Another possibility is to use the post-processor of the software to calculate the strain distribution. In this work the effective strain distribution along the mid-axis of the billet inside the container volume were determined by all these three methods. The effective strain in the thin layer of the squeeze zone ahead of the dead zone in front of the die bridge determined from the experiments was found to be much larger than the strains elsewhere along this axis. The same was the case when effective strain was determined by FEA from the computed position of the points, but this strain value was predicted approximately 10% lower than the corresponding value from the experiments in the layer with the heaviest strains. However, when this effective strain distribution was calculated by the post-processor of the software the high-strain layer in the squeeze zone was not revealed at all, instead the effective strains were predicted rather even over the whole length of the mid-axis. Corresponding effective strain distributions were determined along the mid-axis of the extrusion material in the weld chamber also, and after outflow of this material into the extrusion seam weld of the resulting profile where no experimental information is available. When this effective strain distribution was computed by FEA, based on initial and final position of points, very different strain values were obtained as compared to when same strains were collected directly from the post-processor. It is believed that the first results, i.e., the effective strains computed from the points are quite accurate, while those values calculated by the post-processor are less reliable.

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5

Niederwestberg, Jan, Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui, and Dongsheng Huang. "Bamboo/Wood Composites and Structures Shear and Normal Strain Distributions in Multilayer Composite Laminated Panels under Out-of-Plane Bending." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 31, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637853.

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Innovative mass timber panels, known as composite laminated panels (CLP), have been developed using lumber and laminated strand lumber (LSL) laminates. In this study, strain distributions of various 5-layer CLP and cross-laminated timber (CLT) were investigated by experimental and two modelling methods. Seven (7) different panel types were tested in third-point bending and short-span shear tests. During the tests, the digital imaging correlation (DIC) technique was used to measure the normal and shear strain in areas of interest. Evaluated component properties were used to determine strain distributions based on the shear analogy method and finite element (FE) modelling. The calculated theoretical strain distributions were compared with the DIC test results to evaluate the validity of strain distributions predicted by the analytical model (shear analogy) and numerical model (FE analysis). In addition, the influence of the test setup on the shear strain distribution was investigated. Results showed that the DIC strain distributions agreed well with the ones calculated by the shear analogy method and FE analysis. Both theoretical methods agree well with the test results in terms of strain distribution shape and magnitude. While the shear analogy method shows limitations when it comes to local strain close to the supports or gaps, the FE analysis reflects these strain shifts well. The findings support that the shear analogy is generally applicable for the stress and strain determination of CLP and CLT for structural design, while an FE analysis can be beneficial when it comes to the evaluation of localized stresses and strains. Due to the influence of compression at a support, the shear strain distribution near the support location is not symmetric. This is confirmed by the FE method.

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6

Best, T. M., J. H. McElhaney, W. E. Garrett, and B. S. Myers. "Axial Strain Measurements in Skeletal Muscle at Various Strain Rates." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794179.

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A noncontact optical system using high speed image analysis to measure local tissue deformations and axial strains along skeletal muscle is described. The spatial resolution of the system was 20 pixels/cm and the accuracy was ±0.125mm. In order to minimize the error associated with discrete data used to characterize a continuous strain field, the displacement data were fitted with a third order polynomial and the fitted data differentiated to measure surface strains using a Lagrangian finite strain formulation. The distribution of axial strain along the muscle-tendon unit was nonuniform and rate dependent. Despite a variation in local strain distribution with strain rate, the maximum axial strain, Exx = 0.614 ± 0.045 mm/mm, was rate insensitive and occurred at the failure site for all tests. The frequency response of the video system (1000 Hz) and the measurement of a continuous strain field along the entire length of the structure improve upon previous noncontact optical systems for measurement of surface strains in soft tissues.

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7

Maruyama, Kazuya, Xue Zheng Yue, and Koichi Kitazono. "Evaluation of Local Strain Distribution during Compressive Deformation of Open-Cell Porous Metals." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.169.

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Relationship between the macroscopic and local strains of porous metals is examined by microstructural observation. Open-cell porous titanium with 60% porosity was compressed up to 30% macroscopic strain at room temperature. Open-cell porous nickel with 95% porosity was compressed up to 40% macroscopic strain at room temperature. Local strains in cell walls of both porous titanium and nickel were evaluated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Absolute value of the local strain increased with increasing the macroscopic strain and it is smaller than that of macroscopic strain. In addition, the value of the local strain at the cell junctions was larger than that of the center of cell struts.

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8

TOYA, Kiminori, and Hiroshi OHNO. "Optical Visualization of Strain Distribution." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): G0300404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.g0300404.

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9

Paramasivam, P., and D. P. Thambiratnam. "Strain distribution in steel base plates under eccentric loads." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 24, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v243173.

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Experiments have been conducted on steel column base plates subjected to eccentric loads and the strain distributions in the base plates at various stages of loading have been determined. The thickness of the base plate and the eccentricity of load have been treated as parameters. Test results for the maximum bending strains, which always occurred at the column–base plate junction on the side of the load, compare reasonably well with those from a finite element analysis. However, the present results for the bending strains in the cantilever portions of the base plates which failed by yielding are greater than those obtained from classical theory, which is, therefore, seen to be conservative for these cases. Longitudinal and lateral strain distributions, strain contour plans, maximum bending strain variation with load, and interaction diagrams are presented and the results discussed. From these results it is evident that flexible base plates, especially when loaded at higher eccentricities, behave somewhat differently from what is assumed in classical methods.

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10

Suzuki, Yusuke, Yusuke Ohashi, Masato Ohnishi, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "OS20-3-2 Two-Dimensional Strain-Distribution Sensor Using Carbon Nanotube." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS20–3–2—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os20-3-2-.

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11

Alexandrov, Sergey, Yun-Che Wang, and Lihui Lang. "A Theory of Elastic/Plastic Plane Strain Pure Bending of FGM Sheets at Large Strain." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030456.

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An efficient analytical/numerical method has been developed and programmed to predict the distribution of residual stresses and springback in plane strain pure bending of functionally graded sheets at large strain, followed by unloading. The solution is facilitated by using a Lagrangian coordinate system. The study is concentrated on a power law through thickness distribution of material properties. However, the general method can be used in conjunction with any other through thickness distributions assuming that plastic yielding initiates at one of the surfaces of the sheet. Effects of material properties on the distribution of residual stresses are investigated.

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12

Weissmann, Sigmund. "Characterization of Lattice Defects and Concomitant Strain Distribution." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008879.

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AbstractA number of X-ray methods characterizing lattice defects are described. They were developed in response to a variety of challenging problems in materials science, A method based on a computer-aided rocking curve analysis, CARCA, was developed which offers a rapid mapping of the dislocation structure in an epitaxial film, as well as a tensor analysis of nonuniform elastic strains. Characterization methods were developed in an attempt at bridging, systematically, the gap between micro and macromechanics when the problem arose to clarify the distribution of elastic strains emanating from stress concentrators such as notches, cracks, holes and to elucidate strain interactions. Gradients of elastic strains were characterized by a method of local intensity measurements. For crystal with homogeneous elastic strain distribution a tensor analysis is described, based on precision measurements obtained by the backreflection divergent beam method. A direct linkage between the imaging of the micro structure by TEM and the macro-response of deformation and recovery of commercial alloys was achieved by a version of the CARCA method, designed to characterize the lattice defects in polycrystalline materials. Example applications of the methods are presented with the hope that their usefulness may find adaptations in other areas of investigation.

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13

Zakian, V. A., and H. M. Blanton. "Distribution of telomere-associated sequences on natural chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 5 (May 1988): 2257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.5.2257-2260.1988.

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to examine the distribution of telomere-associated sequences on individual chromosomes in four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pattern of X and Y' distribution was different for each strain. At least one chromosome in each strain lacked Y', and in some strains, chromosome I, the smallest yeast chromosome, lacked detectable amounts of both X and Y'.

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14

Zakian, V. A., and H. M. Blanton. "Distribution of telomere-associated sequences on natural chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 5 (May 1988): 2257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.5.2257.

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to examine the distribution of telomere-associated sequences on individual chromosomes in four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pattern of X and Y' distribution was different for each strain. At least one chromosome in each strain lacked Y', and in some strains, chromosome I, the smallest yeast chromosome, lacked detectable amounts of both X and Y'.

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15

He, Hong, Rong Zhou, Yuanwen Zou, Xuejin Huang, and Jinchuan Li. "A Comprehensive Method for Accurate Strain Distribution Measurement of Cell Substrate Subjected to Large Deformation." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8504273.

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Cell mechanical stretching in vitro is a fundamental technique commonly used in cardiovascular mechanobiology research. Accordingly, it is crucial to measure the accurate strain field of cell substrate under different strains. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a widely used measurement technique, which is able to obtain the accurate displacement and strain distribution. However, the traditional DIC algorithm used in digital image correlation engine (DICe) cannot obtain accurate result when utilized in large strain measurement. In this paper, an improved method aiming to acquire accurate strain distribution of substrate in large deformation was proposed, to evaluate the effect and accuracy, based on numerical experiments. The results showed that this method was effective and highly accurate. Then, we carried out uniaxial substrate stretching experiments and applied our method to measure strain distribution of the substrate. The proposed method could obtain accurate strain distribution of substrate film during large stretching, which would allow researchers to adequately describe the response of cells to different strains of substrate.

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16

Thomsen, E. G., and F. D. Negroni. "Strains in Multipass Drawing of Annealed Oxygen-Free Copper." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 110, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226063.

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The article presents strain distributions of oxygen-free copper up to finite natural strains of 1.53. The drawing operations were performed at room temperature with a split specimen having a gridded cross section for revealing the deformation pattern. It was found that the final effective strain distribution was nearly constant except at the center of the bar, where it was lower.

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17

Wang, Yanan, Beilei Wu, Wayne B. Borth, Islam Hamim, James C. Green, Michael J. Melzer, and John S. Hu. "Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Two Strains of Dasheen mosaic virus on Taro in Hawaii." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (December 2017): 1980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0516-re.

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Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) is one of the major viruses affecting taro (Colocasia esculenta) production worldwide. Whole genome sequences were determined for two DsMV strains, Hawaii Strain I (KY242358) and Hawaii Strain II (KY242359), from taro in Hawaii. They represent the first full-length coding sequences of DsMV reported from the United States. Hawaii Strains I and II were 77 and 85% identical, respectively, with other completely sequenced DsMV isolates. Hawaii Strain I was most closely related to vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) (KX505964.1), a strain of DsMV infecting vanilla in the southern Pacific Islands. Hawaii Strain II was most closely related to a taro DsMV isolate CTCRI-II-14 (KT026108.1) from India. Phylogenetic analysis of all available DsMV isolates based on amino acid sequences of their coat protein showed some correlation between host plant and genetic diversity. Analyses of DsMV genome sequences detected three recombinants from China and India among the six isolates with known complete genome sequences. The DsMV strain NC003537.1 from China is a recombinant of KJ786965.1 from India and Hawaii Strain II. Another DsMV strain KT026108.1 is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. The third DsMV strain KJ786965.1 from India is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombination events in DsMV. Both Hawaii Strains I and II of DsMV were found widespread throughout the Hawaiian islands.

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18

Marzbanrad, Bahareh, Ehsan Toyserkani, and Hamid Jahed. "Multi-Layer Cold Spray Coating: Strain Distribution." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.411.

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In this paper, we report the effect of multi-layer cold spray deposition on the residual stress formation in the coating and substrate. A method is proposed to separately measure the thermal and mechanical residual stresses induced in cold spray coating. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were employed for in situ monitoring of the strain evolution during the cold spray of multi-layer coating Al7075-Zn on AZ31B Magnesium substrates. Utilizing the capability of the FBG sensors in recording both thermal and mechanical strain gradients, first the effect of temperature on the substrate was investigated when the sample was only treated under carrier gas temperature. Then, the sensors were employed to evaluate the mechanical strain behavior of substrate during the coating process and cooling. Therefore, the effect of thermal mismatch on inducing mechanical strains was observable during the process. Finally, the interaction between the peening process of cold spray and thermal mismatch after cooling was studied. It is shown that the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) plays a critical role in residual stress development in the substrate and consequently affects the mechanical properties of the coated sample. Hence, careful selection of layers in multilayer deposition can provide desired residual stress in the coating and substrate.

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19

KOIDE, Kazuharu, Tetsuya NEMOTO, Yasumi ITO, Hiroyasu YAMASHITA, Hisae ISOE, Zenzo ISOGAI, Katsutsune HURUTA, Nobuo NODA, and Hiroyuki MATSUURA. "Strain distribution measurement of the decubitus pocket using strain gauge." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 27, Supplement2 (2007): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.27.supplement2_131.

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20

Chen, Huamin, Longfeng Lv, Jiushuang Zhang, Shaochun Zhang, Pengjun Xu, Chuanchuan Li, Zhicheng Zhang, Yuliang Li, Yun Xu, and Jun Wang. "Enhanced Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor via Controlled Strain Distribution." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020218.

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Stretchable and wearable opto-electronics have attracted worldwide attention due to their broad prospects in health monitoring and epidermal applications. Resistive strain sensors, as one of the most typical and important device, have been the subject of great improvements in sensitivity and stretchability. Nevertheless, it is hard to take both sensitivity and stretchability into consideration for practical applications. Herein, we demonstrated a simple strategy to construct a highly sensitive and stretchable graphene-based strain sensor. According to the strain distribution in the simulation result, highly sensitive planar graphene and highly stretchable crumpled graphene (CG) were rationally connected to effectively modulate the sensitivity and stretchability of the device. For the stretching mode, the device showed a gauge factor (GF) of 20.1 with 105% tensile strain. The sensitivity of the device was relatively high in this large working range, and the device could endure a maximum tensile strain of 135% with a GF of 337.8. In addition, in the bending mode, the device could work in outward and inward modes. This work introduced a novel and simple method with which to effectively monitor sensitivity and stretchability at the same time. More importantly, the method could be applied to other material categories to further improve the performance.

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21

Wolfenden, A., R. Colas, and CM Sellars. "Strain Distribution and Temperature Increase During Plane Strain Compression Testing." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 15, no. 6 (1987): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11032j.

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22

Olaru, Paul, Günter Gottstein, and Andre Pineau. "Microstructure and Strain Distribution Influence on Failure Properties in Eutectic AlNi, AlFe Alloys." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.247.

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Eutectic AlNi, AlFe, alloys exhibit plastic strains to failure (usually in the range of 1%- 5%), that those of structural alloys. We have developed a technique to measure strains at the scale of the microstructure and have used this method to assess the variation in failure properties with microstructure. This method is capable of using the grayscale information in the image of a gridded sample to obtain sub-pixel marker displacement, and can therefore accurately determine small strain values. Microstructures that exhibit large variation in local strain distribution tend to have higher variability in tensile properties, particularly tensile ductility, compared to microstructures that accumulate strain more uniformly. Orientation and morphology of lamellar plates in lamellar colonies play, also, a role in influencing the distribution of strain. Local grain orientation, phase distribution and segregation are factors influencing the strain distribution, and therefore the properties of these materials.

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23

Kato, Akira. "OS7-18 Measurement of Strain Distribution in Metals for Tensile Test Using Digital Image Correlation and Stress-Strain Relation(Stress and strain measurement V,OS7 Stress and strain measurement,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.109.

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24

GIRI, Bijay, Shigeru TADANO, Kazuhiro FUJISAKI, and Masahiro TODOH. "A307 Effect of HAp Textures on Strain Distribution in Bovine Cortical Bone." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2008.19 (2008): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2008.19.93.

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25

Kimura, Hidehiko, Daigo Setoyama, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Yoshiharu Hirose, Yuka Kojima, and Minoru Takahara. "OS3-4 Depth-resolved Strain Distribution Measurement by Synchrotron X-ray 2-dimensional Diffraction(Stress/strain evaluation,OS3 Stress/strain analyses by diffraction method,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.38.

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26

Mochizuki, M., M. Hayashi, and T. Hattori. "Residual Stress Analysis by Simplified Inherent Strain at Welded Pipe Junctures in a Pressure Vessel." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883714.

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We present a new and simplified method of estimating residual stress in welded structures by using inherent strain. The method makes use of elastic analysis by means of the finite element method and is used to calculate the residual stress in complicated three-dimensional structures efficiently. The inherent strain distribution in a welded joint of a small-diameter pipe penetrating a pressure vessel was assumed to be a simple distribution, and the residual stress was calculated. Inherent strain distributions were inferred from those of welded joints with simple shapes. The estimated residual stress using these inferred inherent strains agrees well with the measurements of a mock-up specimen. The proposed method is a simple way to estimate welding residual stress in three-dimensional structures of complicated shapes.

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27

Ellis, P., R. Stace-Smith, and G. de Villiers. "Identification and Geographic Distribution of Serotypes of Potato Virus Y." Plant Disease 81, no. 5 (May 1997): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.481.

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From a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prepared against specific isolates representing the three recognized strain groups of potato virus Y (PVY), i.e., common (PVYO), tobacco veinal necrosis (PVYN), and stipple streak (PVYC), seven were selected for serotype analysis. These MAbs were tested for reactivity with 52 PVY strains representing all three strain groups from an international collection. Within the PVYN strain group, five serotypes were identified and designated N1 to N5. The PVYO strain group was more diverse, and nine serotypes were defined and designated O1 to O9. Only one serotype, designated C1, was defined) within the PVYC strain group. The same panel of MAbs was used to test 632 PVY samples collected from potato seed certification plots in North America. Although no PVY(N) serotypes were found, all of the PVYO serotypes were identified, and several samples, tentatively assigned to the C1 serotype, were found.

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28

Hawkes, Rebecca, Graham O'Hara, Peter D. Franzmann, and Jason J. Plumb. "Geographical Distribution and Diversity of Moderately Thermophilic Members of the Thermoplasmatales." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.405.

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Oxidation of ferrous iron by moderately thermophilic species of the genus Ferroplasma is of considerable potential value in commercial bioleaching operations. A collection of strains was enriched and isolated from a number of natural or industrial acidic sites at 45 and 55°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that all strains were members of the Order Thermoplasmatales. Stains BH8 and BH12 showed 98% sequence similarity with Ferroplasma acidiphilum strain YT and DR1 respectively. Strains BH7 and BH10 were closely related to the moderately thermophilic species Ferroplasma cupricumulans. Strain BH9, a moderately thermophilic organotroph, was unrelated to previously described species and probably represents a novel genus. Strains BH8 and BH12 showed some unique physiological differences to the type species F. acidiphilum. Unlike F. acidiphilum, both strains were moderately thermophilic with a temperature range for strains BH8 and BH12 of 24 to 61°C and 27 to 49°C respectively. Strain BH12 grew organotrophically on Darland’s Medium containing glucose and yeast extract and chemomixotrophically on Darland’s Medium supplemented with ferrous sulphate. Moderately thermophilic species of Ferroplasma and Ferroplasma-like genera appear widely distributed geographically and possess considerable physiological and phylogenetic diversity that may benefit industrial bioleaching processes.

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29

Gipple, K. L., and D. Hoyns. "Measurement of the Out-of-Plane Shear Response of Thick Section Composite Materials Using the V-Notched Beam Specimen." Journal of Composite Materials 28, no. 6 (April 1994): 543–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839402800604.

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The out-of-plane shear response of thick, unidirectional and crossply, AS4/3501-6 and S2 glass/3501-6 laminates was investigated theoretically and experimentally using V-notched beam (Iosipescu) specimens. Strains were monitored in the specimen test sections using conventional strain gages, moiré interferometry and full section strain gages. Crossply laminates exhibited a fairly uniform strain distribution away from the notches, while the unidirectional specimens were characterized by a nonuniform distribution. Measured strains correlated very well with predicted strains from specimen finite element analyses using nonlinear elastic material properties.

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30

Dietrich, C. P., M. Lange, F. J. Klüpfel, H. von Wenckstern, R. Schmidt-Grund, and M. Grundmann. "Strain distribution in bent ZnO microwires." Applied Physics Letters 98, no. 3 (January 17, 2011): 031105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3544939.

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31

Bera, K., D. Chugh, Atanu Patra, H. Hoe Tan, C. Jagadish, and Anushree Roy. "Strain distribution in wrinkled hBN films." Solid State Communications 310 (April 2020): 113847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.113847.

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32

Miltat, J. "Stress/strain distribution around implantation boundaries." Philosophical Magazine A 55, no. 5 (May 1987): 543–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418618708214368.

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33

Miltat, J. "Stress/strain distribution around implantation boundaries." Philosophical Magazine A 57, no. 4 (April 1988): 685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418618808214418.

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34

Abzaev, Yu A., Yu V. Solov’eva, and A. I. Potekaev. "Local strain distribution in Ni3Ge crystals." Russian Physics Journal 40, no. 3 (March 1997): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02510832.

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35

Heihachi, Shimada, Park Young-Chul, Furuya Yasubumi, and Kawasaki Akira. "Parameter of local cyclic strain distribution." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 36, no. 6 (January 1990): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(90)90279-p.

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36

Zornberg, Jorge G., and Fabiana Arriaga. "Strain Distribution within Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slopes." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 129, no. 1 (January 2003): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2003)129:1(32).

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Ueda, Y., and M. G. Yuan. "Prediction of Residual Stresses in Butt Welded Plates Using Inherent Strains." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904240.

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The source of residual stresses in the vicinity of a weld may be expressed in terms of inherent strains. The characteristics of the inherent strain distributions in butt welds are investigated. It is found that the patterns vary little with changes in the welding conditions and sizes of the welded plates. With some assumptions, simple formulas are derived for the distribution and magnitude of inherent strain in a butt weld. A method of predicting the residual stress in a butt-welded plate using the characteristics of inherent strain distributions is presented. The validity of the method is confirmed by thermal elasto-plastic analysis using the finite element method (FEM).

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Watanabe, Akira, Ryuichi Tanaka, Norio Takeda, and Kazuo Washiyama. "DNA synthesis, blood flow, and glucose utilization in experimental rat brain tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery 70, no. 1 (January 1989): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.1.0086.

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✓ The relationships between distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-synthesizing cells (S-phase cells) and blood flow and glucose utilization were investigated in rat brain tumors using an autoradiographic technique and immunoperoxidase staining for bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). Two strains of rat brain tumor were used: strain A and B, both induced by the Rous sarcoma virus. Strain A was biologically more malignant than strain B. The blood flow was unevenly distributed in the tumor; compared with the contralateral cortex, the average blood flow in the tumor was about 50% in strain A and 60% in strain B. The distribution of blood flow did not correlate with the distribution of S-phase cells or with the distribution of vessels in the tumor in either strain A or B. The average glucose utilization in strain A was about 250% and in strain B about 170% of that of the contralateral cortex. The high glucose utilization area correlated well with the distribution of BUdR-positive nuclei in strain B. These findings suggest that the biological malignancy of a tumor correlates with glucose utilization rather than with blood flow, and that malignant brain tumors show a marked increase in glucose utilization for nucleic acid synthesis.

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Sakaida, Yoshihisa, Hajime Yoshida, Shigeki Yashiro, Shohei Yamashita, and Takahisa Shobu. "Internal Residual Strain Distribution in Chromium-Molybdenum Steel after Carburizing and Quenching Measured by Neutron Strain Scanning." Materials Science Forum 772 (November 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.772.173.

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A hollow cylinder specimen of Cr-Mo steel with 0.20 mass% C was used as a model which simplified a motor cycle transmission gear. The specimen was carburized in carrier gas and quenched in oil bath. After quenching, the internal residual strain distributions in the radial, axial and hoop directions were mapped nondestructively by neutron strain scanning, and were compared with results of elastoplastic finite element analysis. The carbon content and hardness gradients were also measured to determine the case depth. Residual strain was calculated from lattice spacing change. In this study, unstressed lattice spacing was determined experimentally by measuring diffraction angle of coupons that were cut from the interior of the same carburized cylinder specimen. As a result, the carbon content and hardness distributions were almost accorded with finite element analysis results. On the other hand, the measured strains in some measuring points discorded with the analyzed weighted average strains. The peak widths in the interior of specimen equaled to that of unstressed coupons. Internal residual strain distributions were complicated and found to be elastic strains that were balanced with equivalent plastic strains due to transformation plasticity of case layer.

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Kisi, Erich H., Christopher M. Wensrich, Vladimir Luzin, and Oliver Kirstein. "Stress Distribution in Iron Powder during Die Compaction." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.243.

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The unique and unusual state of matter represented by granular materials has historically made it very difficult to develop models of stress distributions and was previously not able to be explored experimentally in the required detail. This paper reports the application of the neutron diffraction strain scanning method, originally developed for residual stress measurements within engineering components, to the problem of the stress distribution in granular Fe under a consolidating pressure. Strains were measured in axial, radial, circumferential and an oblique direction using the neutron strain scanning diffractometer KOWARI at ANSTO (Sydney). The full stress tensor as a function of position was able to be extracted for both straight walled, converging and stepped dies.

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KOSAKA, Tatsuro, Yuki HANDA, Kazuhiro KUSUKAWA, and Masayuki KITAMURA. "Detection of damage distribution by optical-fiber strain distribution sensor." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): J0430203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.j0430203.

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Omens, J. H., K. D. May, and A. D. McCulloch. "Transmural distribution of three-dimensional strain in the isolated arrested canine left ventricle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): H918—H928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.3.h918.

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Three-dimensional myocardial strains in seven isolated, potassium-arrested dog hearts were measured by biplane radiography of 3 transmural columns of 4-6 radiopaque beads implanted in the midanterior left ventricular free wall. Transmural distributions of strain during inflation of a left ventricular balloon to 20-30 mmHg were computed with respect to the zero pressure state. Magnitudes of the 3 principal strains increased in proportion to ventricular volume (0.0088, 0.0037, and -0.0059 ml-1). At a left ventricular pressure of 8 +/- 4 mmHg, mean circumferential (E11) and longitudinal strains (E22) were similar, increasing from epicardium (0.058 +/- 0.055 and 0.036 +/- 0.024) to subendocardium (0.139 +/- 0.102 and 0.120 +/- 0.084) as did the transmural (wall thinning) strain E33 (-0.053 +/- 0.071 to -0.128 +/- 0.083). Negative in-plane shear E12 was small (-0.008 to -0.052), consistent with a left-handed torsion of the left ventricular wall. Mean transverse shear strains E13 and E23 were small (-0.029 to 0.007) but showed considerable variability between hearts. Fiber strain had no significant transmural variation (P = 0.57). The principal axis of greatest strain was close to the fiber orientation on the epicardium (-15 degrees) but closer to the cross-fiber direction near the endocardium (-40 degrees). Therefore, the end-diastolic fiber lengths are maximized on the epicardium and minimized on the endocardium.

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Park, S. B., S. S. Park, G. P. Carman, and H. T. Hahn. "Measuring Strain Distribution During Mesoscopic Domain Reorientation in a Ferroelectric Material." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806833.

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In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study focused on understanding the strain concentrations arising due to nonlinear phenomena associated with polarization switching. A moire interferometry technique is used to measure the normal and shear strains of a PZT-5H piezoceramic undergoing 180 and 90 deg switching. These results include the strain concentrations measured between polarized regions oriented 180 and 90 deg apart. The results show that very large strain mismatches (e.g., as large as 4500 microstrains) occur along the boundary of dissimilar oriented domains, suggesting a source of microcrack initiation and fatigue degradation.

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Guo, Yang, Anirban Mahato, and Narayan K. Sundaram. "Controlling surface strain distribution in copper using plane strain wedge sliding." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 258 (August 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.03.017.

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Matsuo-Ueda, Miyuki, Tsubasa Tsunezumi, Zhuoting Jiang, Masato Yoshida, Kana Yamashita, Yosuke Matsuda, Yukari Matsumura, Yuji Ikami, and Hiroyuki Yamamoto. "Comprehensive study of distributions of residual stress and Young’s modulus in large-diameter sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) log." Wood Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 573–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-022-01360-7.

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AbstractAged conifer forests in Japan are expected to produce large-diameter logs, defined as logs with a top-end diameter of 30 cm or more. However, the knowledge and techniques for industrial processing of large-diameter logs of Japanese wood species have not been sufficiently developed. This study was aimed at characterizing the longitudinal component of residual stress distribution of large-diameter logs of sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica), a major tree species cultivated in Japan, as the processing yield of primary lumber from large-diameter logs is affected by the magnitude and distribution pattern of the residual stress. The radial distributions of the released strain of residual stress, tensile Young’s modulus, and residual stress were measured using 63 logs. The radial distributions of the released strain and residual stress showed typical patterns reported in previous studies: contraction near the bark and elongation near the pith in the released strain, tensile stress near the bark, and compressive stress near the pith. The radial distributions of Young’s modulus showed a typical pattern: low near the pith and high near the bark. The difference between the maximum and minimum released strains in each log varied widely among individuals, which was expected to result in a wide variation in crooking when rip sawing. The longitudinal uniformity and axial symmetry of the radial distribution of the released strain and residual stress were experimentally confirmed, which lays the groundwork for improved understanding of the residual stress in sugi logs.

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Gregersen, H., T. C. Lee, S. Chien, R. Skalak, and Y. C. Fung. "Strain Distribution in the Layered Wall of the Esophagus." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835072.

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The function of the esophagus is to move food by peristaltic motion, which is the result of the interaction of the tissue forces in the esophageal wall and the hydrodynamic forces in the food bolus. To understand the tissue forces in the esophagus, it is necessary to know the zero-stress state of the esophagus, and the stress–strain relationships of the tissues. This article is addressed to the first topic: the representation of zero-stress state of the esophagus by the states of zero stress-resultant and zero bending moment of the mucosa–submucosa and the muscle layers. It is shown that at the states of zero stress-resultant and zero bending moment, these two layers are not tubes of smaller radii but are open sectors whose shapes are approximately cylindrical and more or less circular. When the sectors are approximated by circular sectors, we measured their radii, opening angles, and average thickness around the circumference. Data on the radii, thickness-to-radius ratios, and the opening angles of these sectors are presented. Knowing the zero-stress state of these two layers, we can compute the strain distribution in the wall at any in vivo state, as well as the residual strain in the esophageal wall at the no-load state. The results of the in vivo states are compared to those obtained by a conventional approach, which treats the esophageal wall as a homogeneous material, and to another popular simplification, which ignores the residual strains completely. It is shown that the errors caused by the homogeneous wall assumption are relatively minor, but those caused by ignoring the residual strains completely are severe.

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Maekawa, Akira, Toru Oumaya, Michiyasu Noda, Shigeru Takahashi, and Toru Saito. "Residual Stress Distribution in Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Butt-Welded Joint Measured by Neutron Diffraction Technique." Materials Science Forum 652 (May 2010): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.652.116.

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This paper describes residual stress measurements and analysis of austenitic stainless steel pipe with a butt-welded joint. The measurements were done with neutron diffraction and strain gauge techniques. The measured results had typical characteristics of butt-welded pipe regarding both the decline of stress along the axial direction and the bending distribution of axial stress along the radial direction. The measured residual stress distribution by neutron diffraction was shifted more to the tensile side than that by the finite element method simulation. However, the measured radial and axial strains, except for the hoop strain determined by neutron diffraction, coincided well with analysis strains. The hoop strain was actually equivalent strain converted by a correction method because a different lattice plane had to be used to measure hoop strain. This might be one reason why the difference occurred. Therefore, future study of the correction method would be desirable.

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Sasada, Seiji, Yoshihito Takahashi, Keisuke Takeuchi, Kosuke Hiroi, Yuhua Su, Takenao Shinohara, Kenichi Watanabe, and Akira Uritani. "Strain distribution visualization of punched electrical steel sheets using neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 046004. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac5153.

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Abstract Residual strains in a punched electrical steel sheet increase the iron loss in the steel sheet. To accurately estimate the effect of residual strain on iron loss, the residual strain distribution in a punched electrical steel sheet should be evaluated. In this study, we demonstrated the two-dimensional imaging of the residual strain distribution in a punched electrical steel sheet using the neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging method. To improve the accuracy of strain measurement with minimal deterioration of spatial resolution, we applied a process of superposing many specimen images. The tensile strain near the punched edge and the compressive strain inside the core were experimentally confirmed using this method. Finally, the neutron Bragg-edge imaging results and those obtained from kernel average misorientation map using electron backscattered diffraction were compared to verify the validity of the proposed method.

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OHNO, Tamio, Jun-ichi KATOH, Yoshiaki KIKKAWA, Hiromichi YONEKAWA, and Masahiko NISHIMURA. "Improved Strain Distribution Patterns of SMXA Recombinant Inbred Strains by Microsatellite Markers." Experimental Animals 52, no. 5 (2003): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim.52.415.

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Gallego, Virginia, Maria Teresa García, and Antonio Ventosa. "Chryseobacterium hispanicum sp. nov., isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Sevilla, Spain." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64264-0.

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Strain VP48T was isolated from drinking water during a screening programme to monitor the bacterial population present in the water distribution system of Sevilla (Spain). A polyphasic taxonomic study of the isolate resulted in its identification as a member of the genus Chryseobacterium, members of which are widely distributed in soil, water and clinical sources. However, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain VP48T to the type strains of Chryseobacterium species were 96 % or lower. Furthermore, phenotypic characteristics clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel Chryseobacterium species, for which the name Chryseobacterium hispanicum sp. nov. is proposed; strain VP48T (=CECT 7129T=CCM 7359T=JCM 13554T) is the type strain. The DNA G+C content of this strain is 34.3 mol%.

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