Relevant bibliographies by topics / Straightening line

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Straightening line'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Straightening line"

1

Eley, G. "Straightening the Line?" German History 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266355407082778.

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Lee, Hau Wei, Po Er Hsu, Shan Peng Pan, Tze An Liu, and Huay Chung Liou. "Applying Structured Light on Cylinder Straightness Detection Using Break Line Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.1298.

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Generally after a cylindrical steel bar is made from hot forming process, its contour will look like ‘U’ or ‘wavy’ topography. The preformed steel bar after steelmaking process needs to remove the outside oxide layer by lathe or peeling machine (commonly known as stripping). As a consequence, the deformation of steel bar will cause subsequent problems, such as eccentric rotating of steel bar as the lathe is running. Although it is necessary to remove the oxide layer, the deformation will increase waste materials. To prevent the problems, a straightening machine is usually used to straighten the cylindrical steel bar before the pickling process. However, most current straightening machines cannot measure cylindrical steel bar contour on-line instantly. This study proposed a test method for measure the contour of a large cylindrical steel bar based on multi-line structured light and machine vision. Break line method were performed to measure the contour of the cylindrical steel bar. The experimental result shows that the measurement error is in the range of ±0.4 mm after calibration. The study result concludes that the proposed method can be applied to straightening machine for real-time online measurement to improve straightening efficiency.
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Yang, Mei, Chun Yan Tian, You Quan Chen, and Cheng Da Ning. "Development of the On-Line Straightness Detection System for Shafts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1592.

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Aiming at the low efficiency and precision of nowadays domestic auto-straightening machine of shafts, a new kind of shafts straightness detection system is researched and developed. The supporting part of the measuring mechanism adopts the mechanical structure of auto-going-down of straightening points supporting pedestal. The whole convolute measuring system fixes on the machine tool orbit sliding table, whose movement can change the position for the straightening point and make positioning faster and more accurate. In addition, this detection system bases on applications math and builds math model by Fourier transform which can separate the elliptical error signal, straightness error signal and impulse error signal and then gained ideal straightness error of shafts.
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Han, Xue Yan, Kang Liu, and He Rong Jin. "Design of High Precision Online Sizing Cutter for PC Steel Bars." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.520.

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Along with the development of high-rise buildings and high-speed railways, the straightness and sizing accuracy of PC steel bars is highly demanded. The addition of precision straightening process between traction and shear in the production line of PC steel bars can improve the application performance of products effectively. Moreover, the traditional shear mode is changed to realize high precision sizing and cutting purpose in high-speed production (90m/min). A straightening scheme with large deformation and equal curvature was proposed in this article, which can realize circumferential standstill locking of bars in the perpendicular straightening planes and guarantee straightening precision. Based on mechanical-electro-hydraulic integration technology, optical-mechanical-electrical sizing and conjugate cam cutting method were presented. 9/13 numerical control sizing cutter for PC steel bars is developed in the production line of PC steel bars, which has high automation, better straightening effect, and minor sizing error.
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Du, Yan Bing, Jing Tao Han, and Yong Jun Zhang. "The Development of Auxiliary Sets in Novel Cold Roll Forming Line - Continuous Mini Stretching-Bending Straighter and Roller Punching System." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1178.

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Cold roll forming thin strip products occupy a rather large proportion of novel cold bending manufacturing. Conventional roller straightening could not obtain perfect straightening effects when the thickness of strip less than 1mm. On the basis of continuous roller stretcher straightening theory, we developed an area saved, high efficient strip straightening facility. At the same time, punching is also requested during the cold roll forming of strips. High quality productions can be achieved at high speed through the roller punching system, so the device is adaptive for high efficiency cold roll forming production.
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Ho, Huei Jin, David A. Ray, Abdel-Halim Salem, Jeremy S. Myers, and Mark A. Batzer. "Straightening out the LINEs: LINE-1 orthologous loci." Genomics 85, no. 2 (February 2005): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.10.016.

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KUBOKI, Takashi, Makoto MURATA, and Tetsuya SASAKI. "2238 Two roll straightening process of line materials." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.1 (2005): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.1.0_639.

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King, Ian W. "Straightening our Perspective: The Logos of the Line." Organization 14, no. 2 (March 2007): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508407074226.

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Chavoshi, Seyed Ehsan, and Seyed Ebrahim Moussavi Torshizi. "Bending improvement in Spot Heating of pipes in comparison with Line Heating method." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 4 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019030.

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In Spot Heating, a small area of a metal part surface is heated quickly with a gas torch, laser beam, or induction coil to a temperature below the phase change temperature and then cools down. The heated area undergoes compressive plastic strain and the part gets deformed. This method is usually applied as trial and error for straightening shafts, bridge components, ship structures, etc. The conventional straightening mechanism in industries involves creating thermal gradient mechanism (TGM) and shortening. Many studies have been conducted for bending of thin pipes (at a maximum thickness of 2 mm) with the induction of “shortening” by laser. Spot Heating, despite its simplicity, results in very small deformations. The present study aims to increase the deformation in the Spot Heating method so as to extend its use in pipe straightening. To meet this goal, the shortening mechanism is developed through a thick pipe wall by optimizing the heating parameters. CFD analysis of flame flow is carried out to determine the heat flux distribution over the pipe surface. Also, the finite element method and optimization are used to analyze and raise the pipe deformation mechanism. The results indicate a considerable increase in the pipe bending which reduces the stages necessary for the pipe straightening in industries. Furthermore, the appropriate distance for combining the hot spots is also obtained. To evaluate the results, the Spot Heating test is performed, showing appropriate agreement with the simulation results.
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Miyachi, S., T. Izumi, N. Matsubara, T. Naito, K. I. Haraguchi, and T. Wakabayashi. "The Mechanism of Catheter Kickback in the Final Stage of Coil Embolization for Aneurysms: The Straightening Phenomenon." Interventional Neuroradiology 16, no. 4 (December 2010): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101991001600401.

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The catheter kickback phenomenon often occurs in the last stage of coil packing for cerebral aneurysms. This behavior is considered the result of either a lack of space in the sac or a stiff detaching zone. In order to clarify its mechanism, focused stretch-resistance (SR) coil simulation models were tested. Various commercially available SR coils were inserted into a cylinder or an aneurismal sac made from a silicone tube with a smaller than prescribed diameter. A magnified SR coil model (straight type) of fishing line was created for simulation. Numerical analysis for the changes in coil behavior were verified. All SR coils showed hardening and straightening at the last few millimeters, resulting in catheter kickback. In a magnified coil experiment, straightening was also realized when folding into a narrow cylinder. The SR line coursed in the canal of the first loops and shifted to the outside in the middle portion. Gaps among first coil pitches were enlarged on after insertion into the narrower space. Shortage of the SR line was calculated to reach a maximum of 32%. The straightening phenomenon is due to SR line shortening and subsequent condensation of pitches of the first loops at the coil end. Coil tail flexibility was lost, and the coil behaved as a stiff wire. Straightening is an important factor in the kickback phenomenon. Shorter final SR coils should be selected, and coil designs should be improved.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Straightening line"

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Hasík, Dávid. "Podávací válce kruhových tyčí pro kosoúhlou rovnačku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444283.

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The diploma thesis consists of two main parts. First part contains analysis of general knowledge of bar feeding machines in the straightening industry. Second part of the thesis follows with three designs of feeding roller devices. One of the designs is chosen and deeply described with drawings included.
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Bona, Melissa Ellen. "The effect of straightening and grinding of welds on track roughness." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16180/.

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Rail is a very expensive component of the railway track. Therefore, research methods extending rail life have great economic importance. During the past thirty years and, particularly during the past ten years there has been an increasing awareness throughout most rail networks in the world of the need to introduce improved design criteria, better construction techniques and higher standard track generally. This implies that quality control at all levels is mandatory if these objectives are to be achieved. With the improved understanding of degradation of track, a more complete comprehension of the costs associated with different operating and infrastructure conditions should also be developed, aiding in the determination of efficient maintenance costs and their contribution to access charges. Track and structures together account for 60% of maintenance costs, with 50% of the total being track. The UIC has done a lot of work on comparative performance indicators, and these show what potential savings much be out there for the taking, just by adopting current best practice. The old wisdom is that it's not enough o do things rights; we have to make sure that we do the right things. These developments have largely resulted from the demand for higher speeds particularly in passenger services and the demand to accept heavier axle loads of freight traffic. Whilst the conventional railway track structure is not likely to change significantly over the next ten years there will be a requirement over that period for better quality track infrastructure. This means less rail surface defects, less internal defects and less wheels irregularities. The presence of rail surface defects generally increases the roughness of the track leading to a poor passenger ride and increased safety risk with freight traffic. In addition, rail surface defects will generally increase the degradation rate of other track components; however, not all defects will produce visible track deterioration. Dynamic impacts produced by the rollingstock running over rail surface defects, such as poor welds, will, over time, create continuous rail defects, loosening of fastenings, abrasion and skewing of sleepers, crushing of ballast and loss of formation geometry. It is only in the recent years that the importance of poor welds in track has been identified. Dips and peaks must be recognised as a severe track irregularity that needs to be addressed and removed. Current maintenance activities have little effect on removing misaligned welds in track and the improvement obtained after the maintenance works is generally short lived. On the other hand, straightening operations have proven to solve the problem and maintain the results following 7 months of traffic. As part of this project, a six kilometre test section was selected on the Mt Isa Line and all welds located in this region were monitored for over 9 months to increase the understanding of the effect of individual maintenance activities on the track roughness. Three 2km Divisions were established; each Division had different maintenance activities and levels of intervention completed over the duration of the project. Over 15,000 readings were recorded and analysed. The following conclusions were drawn. The effect of cycle tamping was clearly identified when comparing the means of weld located in Division 1, 2 to the mean of welds in Division 3. Cycle tamping showed to have a significant positive effect on the dipped welds geometry and an increase in severity of peaked welds prior to their correction. Straightening operations completed in Division 1 and 2 reduced the overall mean of weld misalignments. These Divisions were subjected to different levels of straightening intervention however they produced similar results. Division 1 all dips were straightened and Division 2 only dips >0.3mm were straightened. This means that no additional benefit, in terms of overall misalignment of welds, can be gained when straightening operations target dips with a misalignment smaller than 0.3mm. Cycle grinding proved to have little effect on the removal of both dips and peaks. In fact, due to the configuration of the grinding machine, grinding operation produced a slight worsening of the dips misalignments and only a minor improvement of peaks. Although long term monitoring of the site may show minor variations in weld geometry performance, after approximately 3.9 Mgt of traffic the mean of dipped welds in Division 1 and 2 appeared to remain unaltered, as Division 3 showed a minor worsening. Furthermore, the mean of peaked welds in Division 1 and 2 appeared to remain unaltered, as Division 3 showed a minor worsening.
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Hudeček, Josef. "Návrh rovnačky XRK 9-50." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231137.

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The objective of this master´s thesis is to design machines for straightening rods of circular cross section with a diameter of 10 mm to 50 mm, length 6 m to 9 m. Machine concept is as the simplest as possible with a large proportion of welded elements
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Books on the topic "Straightening line"

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Whitney, Ryan Layne. The Primal Shrug: A Technique for Straightening Out Your Fouled-Up Life. Writers Club Press, 2001.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Conversion and Straightening Slitting Coil Handling Lines Excluding Handheld and Ultrasonic Lines. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Conversion and Straightening Slitting Coil Handling Lines Excluding Handheld and Ultrasonic Lines. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Conversion and Straightening Cut-To-Length Coil Handling Lines Excluding Handheld and Ultrasonic Lines. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Conversion and Straightening Cut-To-Length Coil Handling Lines Excluding Handheld and Ultrasonic Lines. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Straightening line"

1

Singh, Brijmohan, Sudhir Goswami, Puneet Goyal, and Ankush Mittal. "A Robust Thinning Algorithm for Straightening of Curved Text Line." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 903–10. New Delhi: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0491-6_83.

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Service, Robert. "Straightening Sticks." In Lenin: A Political Life, 85–105. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05591-3_6.

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Kano, Ayako. "Straightening the Theater." In Acting Like a Woman in Modern Japan, 57–84. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-63315-9_4.

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An-chao, Ren, Ji Yu, and Zhu Min. "Analysis of the Welded 100-Meter Heavy Rails for Passenger Dedicated Lines Being Broken During the Straightening Process." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 11–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch2.

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"THE LAW IS NOT MOCKED: STRAIGHTENING OUT A CROOKED WILL (PHAEDRUS 4.5)." In Thinking Like a Lawyer, 213–30. BRILL, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047401384_016.

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Campbell, J., and Murat Tiryakioğlu. "Porosity Development and Modification in Al-Si Alloys: Effect of P and Sr." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000435.

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The benefits of Sr additions to Al–Si alloys to modify the eutectic are often impaired by the development of porosity, sometimes to the degree that benefits are negated. Experimental reports are reviewed in this paper, suggesting an explanation in terms of the oxide population in the melt. The unmodified silicon particles are nucleated by AlP, which has in turn nucleated on oxide bifilms. The oxide bifilms, which are essentially cracks, are straightened by the crystalline growth of Si particles, leading to increased crack size and consequently reduced mechanical properties. The addition of Sr improves properties by suppressing the formation of Si on bifilms and thereby preventing the straightening of the pre-existing cracks. Si is now forced to precipitate at a lower temperature as a coral-like eutectic. Unfortunately, the bifilms are now freed (the primary Si particles no longer exist to grow around and sequester the bifilms), remaining in suspension in the liquid metal, allowing them to act to block interdendritic flow and aid the initiation of the formation of pores, countering the benefits of the improved structure.
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Robertson, Mary. "“That Makes Me Gay”." In Growing Up Queer, 45–66. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479879601.003.0003.

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This chapter shows how some young people become sexual by highlighting how gender non-conforming behavior and characteristics are used to explain how people know that they are gay. Heteronormativity acts as a straightening device, meaning that it’s not enough to be heterosexually oriented; one must also be appropriately masculine or feminine to be straight. Further, heteronormativity is so entrenched in society that young people may interpret their violations of heterosexual scripts as necessary evidence that they are not straight. Beyond genderqueerness and homoerotic desires—consistent with a queer of color analysis—Spectrum youth have formed their queer identities based on their experiences with class, race, ability, nationality, and more, exposing the ways that heteronormative culture is not just straight but white and middle class. Therefore, finding a place like Spectrum, which serves as a release valve from the pressures of heteronormativity, is often the first time these young people start to have a sense of belonging in society. Spectrum then is a place of socialization where young people experiencing a queer subjectivity learn the language and the culture of queer.
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Boarnet, Marlon, and Randall C. Crane. "Lessons for Research and Practice." In Travel by Design. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195123951.003.0016.

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Transportation problems seem to offer no end of interesting policy wrinkles and technical challenges, but despite the promise of each new technological innovation, financial windfall, and dazzling social science breakthrough, planners have not fared well. Air pollution, fuel, and traffic congestion costs continue to mount to where the benefits of making any headway appear substantial. Yet as more freeway lanes are dedicated to car-poolers and tollways, and new transit systems continue to soak up many billions of dollars, getting people to “improve” their driving behavior remains the ultimate planning brick wall. Increasing evidence suggests that transportation demand management schemes have extremely limited effectiveness, in the sense that only marginal and perhaps even cost-ineffective changes can be expected from most of the tools applied thus far. One view is that the planner’s arsenal of transportation demand management tools has proven largely ineffective in dealing with traffic congestion especially. The somewhat more optimistic account of some planners and architects is that attention has been focused on symptoms rather than the disease itself. As discussed in chapter 1, the vanguard of such urban design schools as the New Urbanism, Neotraditional planning, and transit-oriented development collectively argue that the way we organize space has profound implications not only for traffic patterns but perhaps also for our sense of self and modern civilization as a whole. Prominent urban designers, planners, and political leaders forcefully claim that these development strategies will, among other things, improve traffic conditions, reduce home prices, and generally increase the quality of residential life. Of course, this is just talk. As bold and stirring as these claims may be, they are mainly meant to get us thinking afresh about where and how improvements can be made—not as cold hard facts. Most transportation planners probably recognize that blanket statements of this nature are overly simplistic. Even the architects and planners promoting these ideas are usually careful to emphasize the many ingredients necessary to obtain desired results: the straightening of streets to open the local network, the calming of traffic, the better integration of land uses and densities, and so on.
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Conference papers on the topic "Straightening line"

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Jinggang, Yi, Wang Zehe, Liu Jiangtao, and Jiang Haiyong. "Study on On-line Intelligent Measurement and Control System of Shaft Parts' Precision Straightening Machine." In 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2007.4350763.

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Ruiz Valdes, Hector Olmedo, Naoki Osawa, Hidekazu Murakawa, and Sherif Rashed. "Prediction of Distortion Produced in Welded Structures During Straightening Process Using the Inherent Strain Method." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54743.

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In order to optimize the straightening process, it is necessary to predict the deformation due to local heating. Numerical simulation is an advantageous way to do this. In this study, Osaka University’s inherent strain based welding simulation code JWRIAN is modified so that inherent strain’s equivalent nodal forces are calculated in cases where the inherent strain confines within narrow region whose size is smaller than element size. In the developed code, the initial strain force vector and element stiffness matrix’s non-linear term which includes stress components are integrated using higher order (e.g. 20 × 20 × 6 for 4-nodes shell elements) Gauss-Legendre quadrature while other quantities are evaluated by using ordinary order (2 × 2 × 2) quadrature. The validity of the developed software is examined by comparing rectangular plate’s angular distortion due to gas line heating calculated by three-dimensional thermal-elastic-plastic analysis and that calculated by the developed system.
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Zhou, Daowu, T. Sriskandarajah, Heidi Bowlby, and Ove Skorpen. "Reeled CRA Clad/Lined Pipeline Installation: Seastate Optimisation From Fatigue and Fracture Perspective." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78168.

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The deformation mechanism in reel-lay of corrosive resistance alloy (CRA) clad/lined pipes can facilitate defect tearing and low cycle fatigue crack growth in the girth welds. Pipe-lay after straightening will subject the CRA welds to high cycle fatigue. The permissible seastate for installation will be governed by failure limit states such as local collapse, wrinkling of the liner, fatigue and fracture. By means of a recently completed offshore project in North Sea, this paper discusses seastate optimisation when installing pipelines with CRA girth welds, from a fatigue and fracture perspective. The additional limiting requirement in CRA welds to maintain CRA liner integrity can lead to significant assessment work since all critical welds shall be examined. AUT scanned defect data were utilised to maximise permissible seastates based on fatigue allowance from a fatigue crack growth calculation. An alternative simplified approach to derive the crack growth based on a superposition method is studied. It enables a straightforward real-time prediction of crack growth and has the potential to be used during the offshore campaign to improve the installation flexibility. Post-installation fracture assessment under more critical seastates is examined for CRA partial over-matching welds. A comparison of CDF between conventional ECA procedure and 3D FE is provided.
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Carolan, Michael, Michelle Muhlanger, Benjamin Perlman, and David Tyrell. "Occupied Volume Integrity Testing: Elastic Test Results and Analyses." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67010.

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The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe Center have been conducting research into developing an alternative method of demonstrating the occupied volume integrity (OVI) of passenger rail equipment through a combination of testing and analysis. This research has been performed as a part of FRA Office of Research and Development’s Railroad Safety Research and Development program, which provides technical data to support safety rulemaking and enforcement programs of the FRA Office of Railroad Safety. Previous works have been published on a series of full-scale, quasi-static tests intended to examine the load path through the occupant volume of conventional passenger cars retrofitted with crash energy management (CEM) systems. This paper reports on the most recent testing and analysis results. Before performing any tests of proposed alternative loading techniques, an elastic test of the passenger car under study was conducted. The elastic test served both to aid in validating the finite element (FE) model and to verify the suitability of the test car to further loading. In January, 2011, an 800,000 pound conventional buff strength test was performed on Budd Pioneer 244. This test featured arrays of vertical, lateral, and longitudinal displacement transducers to better distinguish between the deformation modes and rigid body motions of the passenger car. Pre-test car repairs included straightening a dent in one side sill and installing patches over cracks found in the side sills. Additionally, lateral restraints were added to the test frame due to concerns in previous tests associated with lateral shift in the frame. As a part of this testing program, a future test of a passenger car is planned to examine an alternative load path through the occupied volume. In the case of Pioneer 244, this load path places load on the floor and roof energy absorber support structures. Loading the occupant volume in this manner more closely simulates the loading the car would experience during a collision. FE analysis was used in conjunction with full-scale testing in this research effort. An FE model of the Pioneer car was constructed and the 800-kip test was analyzed. The 800-kip test results were then compared to the analysis results and the model was adjusted post-test so that satisfactory agreement was reached between the test and the model. In particular, the boundary conditions at the loading and reaction locations required careful attention to appropriately simulate the support conditions in the test. Because the 800-kip load was applied at the line of draft, this test results in significant bending as well as axial load on the car. To ensure that both the axial and bending behaviors are captured in the model, the key results that were compared between test and model are the longitudinal force-displacement behavior and the vertical deflections at various points along the car. The post-test model exhibited good agreement with the compared test results. The validated model will be used to examine the behavior of the occupant volume when loaded along the alternative load path.
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Qiao, Aike, and Zhanzhu Zhang. "Solid and Fluid Simulations of Vertebral Artery Stenosis Treated With Stents With Different Shapes of Link." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14062.

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Stenting technology has emerged as an effective alternative for treating arterial stenosis, which recovers blood fluency through mechanical scaffold using struts. Different kinds of endovascular stents cause varying degrees of injury on the artery wall, inducing different ratios of post-operative in-stent restenosis (ISR). Therefore, the design of stent structure has a significant influence on the therapeutic effect of stent intervention. From the viewpoint of solid mechanics, the artery is subjected to long-term press by stent strut after intervention, leading to external mechanical force acting on artery. Straightening, mechanical stress, and stress concentration occurred, causing in-stent intimal hyperplasia extremely, which consequently induce ISR. From the viewpoint of hemodynamics, hemodynamic environment is changed to some extent after stenting. As a result, local blood flow is changed greatly. Vortex and low WSS occur, promoting thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, which induce ISR more easily. To investigate the effect of stents with different links on treating stenotic vertebral artery and the relation between the shape of link and ISR, as well as provide scientific guidelines for designing stent structure and selecting stent in clinical procedure, numerical simulations of solid mechanics and hemodynamics were performed in this paper, which coupled the boundaries of stent, plaque and blood in the stented vertebral arteries using three kinds of stent with different links.
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Jones, Richard Lloyd, Gregory Toguyeni, James Hymers, Peter Tanscheit, Nelson Bittar Romeu, Venu Rao, and Joachim Banse. "Increasing the Cost Effectiveness of Mechanically Lined Pipe for Risers Installed by Reel-Lay." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31325-ms.

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Abstract The use of mechanically lined pipe (MLP) using a thin liner, i.e. 2.5mm, can provide a more cost effective linepipe material solution relative to a standard 3.0mm liner. This is especially the case for the more expensive liner materials with higher corrosion resistance, including Alloy 625. Thin liners, i.e. 2.5mm, can be used without compromising pipeline integrity and performance, whilst still fulfilling design requirements defined in most pipeline design standards, including DNVGL-ST-F101. The suitability of 2.5mm liner MLP has previously been demonstrated in service over a range of pipeline bundle projects installed with the controlled depth tow method, but not to date for risers installed by reel-lay. This paper presents the details and test results of the qualification programme to support its use for both flowlines and risers installed by reel-lay. The qualification MLP test pipes, which comprised an outer diameter (OD) 219.1mm × wall thickness (WT) 15.9mm X65 + 2.5mm Alloy 625, were manufactured using established manufacturing procedures and facilities. Reeling and fatigue test strings were fabricated using qualified welding solutions. The fabricated test strings were subject to internal visual inspection and dimensional measurement using laser metrology in order to provide a benchmark for comparison post reeling. The test strings were given a simulated reeling procedure using bending and straightening formers representative of a reel-lay vessel with the smallest reel hub diameter, this being a conservative material straining condition. An internal pressurisation technique, as per standard installation practice for the present pipe lay contractor for MLP, was applied during the simulated reeling procedure. Post reeling the internal laser metrology inspection procedure was repeated in order to confirm the integrity of the liner and to check for the presence of any evidence of liner wrinkling or damage. Subsequently, full scale fatigue testing was performed using the high frequency resonance bending procedure. Testing was performed to ultimate failure to determine the fatigue endurance limit of the thin liner MLP. Additionally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to further validate the satisfactory reeling performance of the thin liner MLP. The FE numerical analysis embraced manufacture of the MLP pipe and test samples coupled with the reeling procedure. Sensitivity analysis on pipe strength and geometrical mismatch was performed to demonstrate the robustness of the linepipe material solution and reeling procedure. All of the critical qualification activities were performed and verified by DNVGL and in accordance with the guidance of DNVGL-RP-A203 Technology Qualification process. The paper highlights the qualification programme performed to enable the cost effective use of thin liner MLP, specifically Alloy 625, for risers installed by reel-lay.
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7

Liu, Zhanke, Steven M. Tipton, and Dinesh Sukumar. "Latest Development in Physics-Based Modeling of Coiled Tubing Plasticity and Fatigue." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204421-ms.

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Abstract Coiled tubing (CT) integrity is critical for well intervention operations in the field. To monitor and manage tubing integrity, the industry has developed a number of computer models over the past decades. Among them, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) modeling plays a paramount role in safeguarding tubing integrity. LCF modeling of CT strings dates back to the 1980s. Recently, novel algorithms have contributed to developments in physics-based modeling of tubing fatigue and plasticity. As CT trips into and out of the well, it goes through bending-straightening cycles under high differential pressure. Such tough conditions lead to low- or ultralow-cycle fatigue, limiting CT useful life. The model proposed in this study is derived from a previous one and based on rigorously derived material parameters to compute the evolution of state variables from a wide range of loading conditions. Through newly formulated plasticity and strain parameters, a physics-based damage model predicts CT fatigue life, along with diametral growth and wall thinning. The revised modeling approach gives results for CT damage accumulation, diametral growth, and wall thinning under realistic field conditions, with experimental validation. For 20 different coiled tubing alloys, it was observed that the model improved in accuracy overall by about 18.8% and consistency by 14.0%, for constant pressure data sets of more than 4,500 data points. The modeling results provide insights into the nonlinear nature of fatigue damage accumulation. This study allowed developing recommendations to guide future analytical modeling and experimental investigations, to summarize theoretical findings in physics-based LCF modeling, and to provide practical guidelines for CT string management in the field. The study provides a fundamental understanding of CT LCF and introduces novel algorithms in plasticity and damage.
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8

McGraw, Julie, George Van Deventer, Reiner Anton, and Andrew Burns. "Advancements in Gas Turbine Vane Repair." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88233.

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The evolution of industrial gas turbines has been a driving factor in the advancement of repair techniques for industrial gas turbine components. Turbine vane segments (also known as stationary blades, non-rotational airfoils, or nozzles) are among the many components that have been a focus for repair development. Due to increasing engine efficiencies, the design of gas turbine vane segments continues to become progressively more complex. Neoteric vanes are cast of highly developed superalloys, have complex cooling designs, and are coated with the latest generation coating systems which utilize advanced oxidation resistant bondcoatings combined with thermal barrier coatings. While advanced technologies enable these vanes to operate at the extreme hot gas path running temperatures of today’s engines, they also significantly increase the level of technology required to successfully repair them. The ability to repair these components is essential to minimize the operators’ life cycle cost of the gas turbine. Recoating, reestablishing of critical cooling, dimensional restoration, along with surface and structural restoration using high strength weld and braze techniques are essential for these vanes. Conventional and advanced repair techniques are key elements in the continuing evolution of industrial gas turbine component repair development. This paper will focus on a variety of Siemens’ technical competencies applied during the restoration of service run vane segments for the turbine section of a gas turbine. These repair competencies and technology/service options include: • Dimensional restoration techniques utilizing hot and cold straightening; • Utilization of refurbished blade rings for completed roll-in/roll-out exchanges; • Coupon repair techniques; • Braze restoration of cracks; • Laser etching; • Strain tolerant coatings; • Future technologies under development.
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