Journal articles: 'Straight Forward Method'

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Howe, Peter W. A. "A straight-forward method of optimising protein solubility for NMR." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 30, no. 3 (November 2004): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-004-3739-4.

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Cheng, Guixi, Hu Zhu, and Dongwon Jung. "Research on the Negative Multistage Incremental Forming of Straight-Wall Parts Based on the Extrusion from the Forward and Reverse Side of the Sheet." Metals 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030459.

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Because the forming area involved in traditional reverse multistage incremental forming is only located inside the model, the sheet-metal thinning rate is relatively large. Particularly, the straight-wall parts with a narrow internal space cannot be formed using traditional multistage incremental forming. Therefore, a negative multistage incremental forming that extrudes the sheet from the forward and the reverse side of the straight-wall part is proposed in this paper. In this method, firstly, the auxiliary surface is generated to divide the straight-wall part model into three forming regions; secondly, the first- and second-stage forming are carried out from the forward side of the straight-wall part with support, respectively; Thirdly, the third-stage forming is carried out from the forward side of the straight-wall part without support. The software system for auxiliary-surface generation, the straight-wall parts partition, each intermediate-stage-forming model, and each stage-forming toolpath generation was developed by using C++, VC++, and OpenGL library. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in this paper, the forming experiments of a 1060 aluminum sheet were conducted using traditional reverse multistage forming and the proposed method in this paper, and the forming effects were compared and analyzed. The results show that compared with traditional reverse multistage incremental forming with forward-side extrusion, the multistage incremental forming method with the forward and the reverse-sided extrusion proposed in this paper can increase the area of the sheet participating in the deformation and avoid the problem of excessive thinning of sheet thickness, especially suitable for the straight-wall part model with narrow internal space.

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Chen, Shiang-Fong, and Jiansong Deng. "A Geometric Path Planner for Car-like Robots." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1288403.

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This technical brief presents a refined slabbing method, originally used for free-flying robots, for finding efficient paths for nonholonomic robots. Our method takes kinematic constraints and reversal maneuvers into account. We create orientation levels for each orientation configuration of the robot. The slopes of slabbing lines in each orientation level match the orientation of a robot in that level. The resulting slabbing lines act as “rails” to guide the robot. Thus, a robot, if it keeps moving in a given orientation level, can only translate straight forward or straight backward along a given slabbing line. Limiting robot movement to straight forward or straight backward along a slabbing line prevents the robot from violating kinematic constraints, by moving sideways to another slabbing line. [S1050-0472(00)01403-3]

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Ledwith, Deirdre M., Aine M. Whelan, and John M. Kelly. "A rapid, straight-forward method for controlling the morphology of stable silver nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry 17, no. 23 (2007): 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b702141k.

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GOTO, Tomonobu, Daisuke SHIRAGA, Shunsuke NAKAMURA, Shotaro YAMAZAKI, Tonau NAKAI, Masaharu NISHIMURA, Yuki MITSUI, and Shinji AKAMATSU. "A conventional method for acoustic impedance eduction in a flow duct based on the straight forward method." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, no. 879 (2019): 19–00042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.19-00042.

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Nakamura, Tamotsu, Niels Bay, and Zhi-Liang Zhang. "FEM Simulation of a Friction Testing Metliod Based on Combined Forward Conical Can-Backward Straight Can Extrusion." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833770.

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A new friction testing method based on combined forward conical can-backward straight can extrusion is proposed in order to evaluate friction characteristics in severe metal forming operations. By this method the friction coefficient along the conical punch surface is determined knowing the friction coefficient along the die wall. The latter is determined by a combined forward and backward can extrusion of straight cans. Calibration curves determining the relationship between punch travel, can heights, and friction coefficient for the two tests are calculated based on a rigid-plastic FEM analysis. Experimental friction tests are carried out in a mechanical press with aluminium alloy A6061 as the workpiece material and different kinds of lubricants. They confirm that the theoretical analysis results in reasonable values for the friction coefficient.

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Chen, Jian, Ke Tian Li, Xiang Bo Ouyang, and Shao Hua Ding. "The 3D Measuring Method Based on the Color Coding Grating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.385.

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This paper puts forward a new method of 3D measurement which based on the color coding structure light technology, projects the specific color coding grating to a Calibration board in RGB three color space, gets the straight line equation of grating which projected to Calibration board in the world coordinate system, obtains each projection plane of code through plane fitting, then joins the projection planes and the object imaging straight strips which through the camera focus, it can be get that the three dimensional coordinates of the objects. This method is simple and reliable; only need one camera and one projector without scanning; only one image is needed to get the information of a full frame depth image. It is suitable for high speed, real-time online measurement.

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Sul, Hoseok, Raegeun Oh, Wonjun Yang, Young Geul Yoon, Jee Woong Choi, Sangkyu Han, and Bumsoo Kwon. "A Study on Mine Localization of Forward Looking Sonar Considering the Effect of Underwater Sound Refraction." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (June 5, 2022): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2022.25.3.231.

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Mine detection has been mainly studied with images of the forward-looking sonar. Forward-looking sonar assumes the propagation path of the sound wave as a straight path, creating the surrounding images. This might lead to errors in the detection by ignoring the refraction of the sound wave. In this study, we propose a mine localization method that can robustly identify the location of mines in an underwater environment by considering the refraction of sound waves. We propose a method of estimating the elevation angle of arrival of the target echo signal in a single receiver, and estimate the mine location by applying the estimated elevation angle of arrival to ray tracing. As a result of simulation, the method proposed in this paper was more effective in estimating the mine localization than the existing method that assumed the propagation path as a straight line.

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Oeggl, Reinhard, Juliane Glaser, Eric von Lieres, and Dörte Rother. "Continuous enzymatic stirred tank reactor cascade with unconventional medium yielding high concentrations of (S)-2-hydroxyphenyl propanone and its derivatives." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 24 (2021): 7886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy01666g.

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How can high product concentrations be continuously provided, while dealing with substrate toxicity? Which method leads to a straight forward product isolation? The example of a model based process intensification shows how.

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Mishra, Richa, and Lokman H. Choudhury. "Catalyst-free microwave-assisted arylglyoxal-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of fused pyrans." RSC Advances 6, no. 29 (2016): 24464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25536h.

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A simple and straight forward method has been reported for the synthesis of fused pyrans from the three component reactions of arylglyoxals, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls and malononitrile under microwave and catalyst free conditions.

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Biswas, Subhrajyoti, and Durjoy Roy. "Microcontroller based study of diode thermometers for online demonstration of undergraduate laboratory classes in COVID-19 lockdown." Physics Education 57, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ac563f.

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Abstract At constant current (I) the forward bias potential (V) of a pn junction diode may be considered to vary linearly with temperature (t) within a temperature range. Based on this property we have constructed diode thermometer using germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) diodes. The experimental V − t data at constant forward current have been fitted to a straight line for calibration of the diode thermometers using the least square method. Furthermore, the fitting parameters of the straight line have also been used to determine the band gap energy of germanium and silicon and experimental values of band gap for both the semiconductor materials are found to agree well with accepted values.

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Qin, Hui, Xiongyao Xie, and Yu Tang. "Evaluation of a Straight-Ray Forward Model for Bayesian Inversion of Crosshole Ground Penetrating Radar Data." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060630.

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Bayesian inversion of crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is capable of characterizing the subsurface dielectric properties and qualifying the associated uncertainties. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations within the Bayesian inversion usually require thousands to millions of forward model evaluations for the parameters to hit their posterior distributions. Therefore, the CPU cost of the forward model is a key issue that influences the efficiency of the Bayesian inversion method. In this paper we implement a widely used straight-ray forward model within our Bayesian inversion framework. Based on a synthetic unit square relative permittivity model, we simulate the crosshole GPR first-arrival traveltime data using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and straight-ray solver, respectively, and find that the straight-ray simulator runs 450 times faster than its FDTD counterpart, yet suffers from a modeling error that is more than 7 times larger. We also perform a series of numerical experiments to evaluate the performance of the straight-ray model within the Bayesian inversion framework. With modeling error disregarded, the inverted posterior models fit the measurement data nicely, yet converge to the wrong set of parameters at the expense of unreasonably large number of iterations. When the modeling error is accounted for, with a quarter of the computational burden, the main features of the true model can be identified from the posterior realizations although there still exist some unwanted artifacts. Finally, a smooth constraint on the model structure improves the inversion results considerably, to the extent that it enhances the inversion accuracy approximating to those of the FDTD model, and further reduces the CPU demand. Our results demonstrate that the use of the straight-ray forward model in the Bayesian inversion saves computational cost tremendously, and the modeling error correction together with the model structure constraint are the necessary amendments that ensure that the model parameters converge correctly.

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Zhang, Fang You, Xi Jie Tian, Huan Yong Cui, and Tai Ran Liu. "The Method of Accurate Variable Curvature Crowning of Involute Straight Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1705.

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Involute straight bevel gear pair often appears the phenomenons of meshing interference, impact and "end contact" in the course of meshing. Usually, symmetrical crowning is adopted to improve above phenomenons, however, due to the influence of complicated tooth loads and other complicated factors, the symmetrical crowned gear may not reach a good modification effect. In this paper, we adopt target variable curvature crowning according to the specific conditions of bevel gears in order to obtain good modification effect, nevertheless, because of the complexity of the variable curvature crowning, the conventional method of using space spherical involute stretch and sweep standard gear model to remove tooth surface materials has been unable to meet the accurate requirements of the variable curvature crowned model, at the same time, this method can not realize parametric modeling of modification bevel gear. Therefore, this paper puts forward an easy to realize parametric modeling method of accurate variable curvature crowning for involute straight bevel gear based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA, Imageware, Matlab and Solidworks. This method can realize the accurate modeling for variable curvature crowned involute straight bevel gear and ensure the accuracy of modification gears and follow-up finite element simulation, meanwhile, it provides theoretical basis for parametric modeling of variable curvature crowned involute straight bevel gear. Finally, the superiority of variable curvature crowning is tested through numerical simulation under specific conditions.

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Xu, Feng Ping, Yan Zhou, and Zhi Cong Zhao. "Research on Walking Principle of a Worm Pipe Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.115.

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The new type worm pipe robot was put forward based on Stewart parallel mechanism by the method which move or rest platform is alternated. The kinematical model was set up by the method of coordinate transform for the robot in this paper, and the walking principle was analyzed when the robot moved in straight pipe and elbow. Further more the virtual prototype was made and kinematical simulation analysis had been accomplished. By the walking simulation when the robot moved in straight pipe and elbow it is validated that the walking principle established for the robot is correct. The robot can has bigger tensile draw.

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Wan, Fang, and R. Yang. "Vanishing Point Detection Algorithm Based on Clustering Method." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1157.

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Camera self-calibration is a key step in photo based reconstruction works. Vanishing point detection is a very important method in single photo based camera self-calibration. We research current vanishing point detection method and put forward a detection algorithm based on a new clustering idea: J-Linkage. First, we construct a similar concept space from straight lines from images by edge detection and segmentation method. Then, we cluster the similar concept space to decide several main directions. At last, we can easily estimate vanishing points from the clustered categories. Experiment prove that, the method has a high performance efficiency and with good accuracy.

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Yan, Bin, Ai Long Cai, Feng Wei, Lei Li, and Xiao Qi Xi. "Image Reconstruction Based on TV Minimization and OS-EM Method in Linear Scan CT." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.402.

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A straight-line trajectory computed tomography (CT) has been investigated in this paper and a high accuracy reconstruction algorithm based on TV minimization and OS-EM method has been put forward. This new algorithm, which is called TV-OS-EM, takes the advantage of both statistic iterative algorithm OS-EM and the total variation minimization technique, and has an efficient property of de-noising and restoration. The numerical experimental results show that the new method can achieve a remarkable improvement in image quality.

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Osanyinpeju, Kifilideen L. "COMPUTATION OF THE POWER OF BASE OF TWO DIGITS NUMBER USING KIFILIDEEN (MATRIX, COMBINATION AND DISTRIBUTIVE (MCD)) APPROACH." Matrix Science Mathematic 4, no. 1 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/msmk.01.2020.14.19.

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The different methods used in the multiplication of numbers are long method (column method) of multiplication, grid methods and addition methods of multiplication. The utilization of the methods mentioned to solve power (index) of base number (number that multiply itself in a number of times) are horrendous, outrageous, tedious, time consuming and too long to be carried out. This study develops computation of the power of base of number using Kifilideen (matrix, combination and distributive (MCD)) approach. The Kif matrix method of multiplication is a shorter version of the long method (column method) of multiplication. The matrix method provides a straight forward, direct and systematic means of multiplication of digit number that multiply itself repetitively

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Kumara P., Kirana, and Ashitava Ghosal. "Real-Time Computer Simulation of Three Dimensional Elastostatics Using the Finite Point Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2740.

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Real-time simulation of deformable solids is essential for some applications such as biological organ simulations for surgical simulators. In this work, deformable solids are approximated to be linear elastic, and an easy and straight forward numerical technique, the Finite Point Method (FPM), is used to model three dimensional linear elastostatics. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is used to accelerate computations. Results show that the Finite Point Method, together with GPU, can compute three dimensional linear elastostatic responses of solids at rates suitable for real-time graphics, for solids represented by reasonable number of points.

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Stanchev, Bozhidar Angelov, and Hristo Ivanov Paraskevov. "CONSTRAINING TRIANGULATION TO LINE SEGMENTS: A FAST METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING CONSTRAINED DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Mathematics and Its Application 12, no. 1-2 (2020): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscimath.2020.1-2.164.

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"In this paper we present an edge swapping approach for incorporating line segments into triangulation. If the initial triangulation is Delaunay, the algorithm tends to produce optimal Constrained Delaunay triangulation by improving the triangles’ aspect ratios from the local area being constrained. There are two types of methods for constructing Constrained Delaunay Triangulation: straight-forward ones which take both points and line segments as source data and produce constrained triangulation from them at once; and post-processing ones which take an already constructed triangulation and incorporate line segments into it. While most of the existing post-processing approaches clear the triangle’s edges intersected by the line segment being incorporated and fill the opened hole (cavity) by re-triangulating it, the only processing that our algorithm does is to change the triangulation connectivity and to improve the triangles’ aspect ratios through edge swapping. Hereof, it is less expensive in terms of both operating and memory costs. The motivation behind our approach is that most of the existing straight-forward triangulators are too slow and not stable enough. The idea is to use pure Delaunay triangulator to produce an initial Delaunay triangulation and later on to constrain it to the line segments (in other words, to split the processing into two steps, each of which is stable enough and the combination of them works much faster). The algorithm also minimizes the number of the newly introduced triangulation points - new points are added only if any of the line segment’s endpoints does not match an existing triangulation point."

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Hou, Wei Zhou, and Juan Ling Wang. "Oscillating Mechanics by Vector Graphics Means to Explain Phase Balanceable Principle Basing on Tri-Port Oscillator." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.398.

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During studying tri-port oscillator in oscillating mechanics high-frequency circuit, we proposed a straight forward method named "vector graphics means" to explain this constitute oscillating mechanics principle. When the oscillating mechanics circuit meet tri-port oscillator amplitude balance condition, "emitter same and other electrode-reverse" becomes a principle to determine whether the composition of the phase equilibrium conditions are satisfied.

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Song, Wei, and Guang Hu. "A Limited Interval Gradient Projection Algorithm for Inverse Kinematics." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.7.

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The Jacobian inverse(JI) method is a well-known algorithms used for inverse kinematics solutions in motion generation. JI algorithm can be easily implemented, but it can generate singularity problems and it is not straight forward to implement constraints in the JI method. This paper presents a novel gradient projection algorithm that can convert the inverse kinematics problem to a constraint nonlinear programming problem. Meanwhile, by changing the programming time of each frame, local linearization of the nonlinear function and limited interval computing can be achieved simultaneously. Experimental results are presented to show the performance benefits of the proposed algorithm over JI methods.

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Zhang, Di, Ma Jiao-Bin, and Qi Jing. "Numerical study of unsteady flow and exciting force for swept turbomachinery blades." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 3 (2016): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160205199z.

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The aerodynamic performance of blade affects the vibration characteristics and stable operation of turbomachinery closely. The aerodynamic performance of turbine stage can be improved by using swept blade. In this paper, the RANS method and the RNG k-? turbulence mode were adopted to investigate the unsteady flow characteristics and excitation force of swept blade stage. According to the results, for the swept blade, the fluid of boundary layer shifts in radial direction due to the influence of geometric construction. It is observed that there is similar wake development for several kinds of stators, and the wake has a notable effect on the boundary layer of the rotor blades. When compared with straight blade, pressure fluctuation of forward-swept blade is decreased while the pressure fluctuation of backward-swept blade is increased. The axial and tangential fundamental frequency excitation force factors of 15?forward-swept blade are 0.139 and 0.052 respectively, which are the least, and all excitation force factors are in the normal range. The excitation factor of the forward-swept blade is decreased compared with straight blade, and the decreasing percentage is closely related to the swept angle. As for backward-swept blades, the situation is the other way around. Additionally, the change of axial excitation factor is more obvious. So the vibration reduction performance of forward-swept blade is better.

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Isogai, Masahiro, and Toshio Fukuda. "Moving Mechanism of and Control Method for a Vibration-Driven Electromagnet-Type Microrobot (Mathematical Model of Microrobot Running Straight, Investigations of Characteristics of Microrobot Running Straight and Turning by Simulation and Experiments)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2012): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0158.

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Large numbers of studies have focused on microrobots and numerous contests are held annually to develop microrobot technologies. These activities have resulted in that various types of microrobots have been proposed. They include motor, piezoelectric-element, and electromagnet microrobots. We consider a mechanism of movement and a method of control for an electro-magnet microrobot that both runs in a straight line and turns using a single electromagnet coil by adjusting the direction of the robot’s permanent magnets and the input voltage applied to the electromagnet coil. The microrobot’s straight running forward is modeled mathematically and its motion features are studied on horizontal and inclined planes through simulation and some experiments. In addition, turning characteristics is studied using an experiment.

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Zhu, Chaozheng, Ming He, Pan Chen, Kang Sun, Jinglei Wang, and Qian Huang. "Navigation for Indoor Robot: Straight Line Movement via Navigator." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8419384.

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Due to the need of zigzag overlay strategy, long-term linear motion is essential for sweep robot. However, the existing indoor sweep robot navigation algorithm has many problems; for instance, algorithm with high complexity demands high hardware performance and is incapable of working at night. To overcome those problems, in this paper, a new method for indoor robot Straight Line Movement via Navigator (SLMN) is proposed to ensure long linear motion of robot with an acceptable error threshold and realize multiroom navigation. Firstly, in a short time, robot runs a suitable distance when it is covered by navigator’s ultrasonic sensor. We can obtain a triangle with twice the distance between navigator and robot and the distance of robot motion. The forward angle of the robot can be conveniently obtained by the trigonometric functions. Comparing the robot’s current angle with expected angle, the robot could correct itself and realize the indoor linear navigation. Secondly, discovering dozens of the magnitude gaps between the distance of robot run and the distance between navigator and robot, we propose an optimized method using approximate scaling which increases efficiency by nearly 70.8%. Finally, to realize multiroom navigation, we introduce the conception of the depth-first search stack and a unique encode rule on rooms and navigators. It is proved by extensive quantitative evaluations that the proposed method realizes indoor full coverage at a lower cost than other state-of-the-art indoor vision navigation schemes, such as ORB-SLAM.

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Kim, J. B. "Effects of Gun Tube Profile and Sabot on Stresses and Velocity of Long Rod Penetrator." Advanced Materials Research 9 (September 2005): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.9.109.

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The paper describes the combined influences of the forward sabot diameter, sabot modulus, and L/D on the stress of the projectile rod traveling in the gun tube. Three types of gun tube profile were simulated. The first profile is perfectly straight. The second profile is monotonously curved tube only by gravity loads (Type A). The third is a changeful curved tube by gravity loads with imagined as-manufactures (Type B). Three-dimensional dynamic finite element analysis method was used for the sabot/rod system transiting in a gun tube. Numerical simulation results showed that the maximum von Mises stress due to in-bore behavior of the sabot/rod system could be decreased by changing the forward sabot diameter in a type B tube. The effect of tube centerline profile on the stress of the rod was analyzed for the conditions mentioned above. The von Mises stress of the rod in the changeful curved tube is as much as 10% higher than that in the straight or monotonously curved tube.

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Ma, Yimin, Ming Chen, Qiang Wang, and Fang Wang. "Main helicopter rotor trimming using computational fluid dynamics method in forward flight." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 1 (October 19, 2016): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016673394.

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In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics trimming method is proposed and compared with wind tunnel experiment and the blade element method. The NASA’s generic ROBIN helicopter model is adopted for transient simulations to obtain the final main rotor trimming conditions. Totally three steps were applied to the computational fluid dynamics method. The first step is associated with no cyclic pitch motion, the second is regarding pure longitudinal cyclic pitch motion and the last is concerning with pure lateral cyclic pitch motion. At the same time, a simple linear equation system between the roll and pitching moment was established to get the final longitudinal and lateral cyclic pitch angles for the main rotor through the above three steps. An overset grid approach was used where the volume around each blade was modeled in an individual overset grid region. The rotor rotation was resolved with three degrees per time-step. Turbulence was modeled with the well-known SST K-omega model with second-order convection. The helicopter was in straight forward flight with an advance ratio of [Formula: see text]. Three sources of stick angles, which are also called rotor trimming angles, were shown and compared with each other. And the corresponding results were also plotted with a type of history plot in the computational fluid dynamics condition. In the simulations, the results became quasi periodic after about 1.5 rotations and four rotor rotations were simulated for each case. The pitch moment coefficient and roll moment coefficient were all trimmed to about zero by the computational fluid dynamics trimming method while moments were not removed thoroughly in the other two source conditions.

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He, Guanghua, Cheng Zhang, Hongfei Xie, and Shuang Liu. "The Numerical Simulation of a Submarine Based on a Dynamic Mesh Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101417.

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In this paper, a new numerical model is proposed by combining the overset mesh technique and dynamic mesh method in order to simulate the straight navigation and steady turning motion of a submarine model. The RNG k-ε turbulence model is applied to close the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The comparison between the numerical results and experimental data for the straight navigation experiment shows that the values of the total resistance and surface pressure coefficients of the proposed numerical model under different forward speeds are highly consistent with the experimental data of the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC). The proposed model is applied to simulate the forces and pressure coefficient of the SUBOFF submarine model at different velocities and rotation rates. The wake waves of the submarine under the conditions of the same rotation rate but with different velocities at the buoyancy center are presented. The results show that the pressure coefficient between the port side and starboard side differs according to the turning motions. The influences of the velocity and rotation rate on the forces and pressure coefficient are discussed. It will be demonstrated that the new numerical model maintains a high mesh quality by avoiding mesh deformation, and this leads to the higher numerical accuracy of the steady turning motions.

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Potente, Stefan, Frank Ramsthaler, Mattias Kettner, Tomoya Ikeda, and Peter Schmidt. "Application of the “bubbling” procedure to dead body portraits in forensic identification." International Journal of Legal Medicine 135, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02515-0.

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Abstract Purpose A procedure is needed for bodies with disfiguring injuries to the face and the use of their portrait for visual identification. Method We present the application of a simple image processing procedure, otherwise known as ”bubbling,” which is based on the concept of ”perceptual filling-in,” to images for visual identification in the forensic context. The method is straight forward and can be performed using readily available software and hardware.. Results The method is demonstrated and examples are shown. The visual recognition of known persons using “bubbled” images was successfully tested. Conclusion The “bubbling” procedure for visual identification enhancement is quick and straightforward and may be attempted before escalating to more involved identification methods and procedures.

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Jing, Zhi Sheng, Yun Liu, Shan Chao Tu, Feng Li, and Guo Wei Qin. "Simulation about Bionic Push of Amphibious Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 1057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.1057.

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The traditional method of propulsion of Amphibious vehicles in water has tracked the water, propeller and waterjet propulsion. But the propulsive efficiency is very low, the maximum not more than 30%. Biological methods used to promote, through the million years of evolution, its power utilization of the highest, the best way. Bionic propulsion system designed in this paper consists of two umbrella-shaped wing plate in the large travel agency travel back and forth, driven by a straight line, Carried out along the longitudinal reciprocating motion of vehicles in the water under the influence of backward movement of the wing disk automatically open, resulting in tension on the vehicle forward, Forward movement of the wing disc automatically shut down to reduce the flow resistance. In this way, amphibious vehicles, with the wing disc back and forth movement, has been the role of forward traction, so that forward movement of vehicle. In this paper, the same wing disc, wing disc at different angles, different velocity simulation of the situation. Come forward to promote strength and speed, angle of the curve. To promote the device provides the basis for the physical design and manufacture.

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Tian, Lei, and Lu Li-qiao. "Matrix System for the Analysis of Planetary Transmissions." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826352.

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This paper presents a new general analysis method for planetary gear transmission systems. Instead of studying portions of a transmission, one can analyze a whole planetary transmission system with a general program. Not only the kinematics, but also dynamics of a transmission are studied. The whole process of analysis is standardized to become very straight forward, making it especially suitable for the computer-aided analysis of the vehicle planetary transmissions.

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Hidayah, Riyan Wahyu Nur, Fauziah Fauziah, and Albaar Rubhasy. "Algoritma Brute Force Pada Aplikasi Kritik dan Saran Mahasiswa Berbasis Digital." INTECOMS: Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/intecoms.v4i1.2412.

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The Criticism and Suggestion application is an android-based application intended to provide input and criticism to related agencies, in planning to build this application an algorithm method is needed to match strings. This research was made to make it easier for students to express their opinions. The method used is the brute force algorithm method, this method is used to search for terms in the application made, the brute force algorithm is an algorithm that has a straight nature. The brute force algorithm is a very complicated algorithm, the reason is that with this method to solve problems using a straight forward technique, it takes several inputs and valid considerations, so that you often get problem solving decisions that directly refer to the brute force algorithm or lead to the desired results. . The results of the unit area analysis are to make it easier for users or users to generate criticism and input for their fields and therefore the results of the brute force algorithm program will display the results of thoughts, criticisms and inputs for that field.

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Wang, Hui, Junqing Yang, Changzhi Lv, Ruituo Huai, and Yuxia Li. "Intercollicular nucleus electric stimulation encoded “walk forward” commands in pigeons." Animal Biology 68, no. 2 (2018): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-17000053.

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AbstractThe bio-robot research field is growing. Robo-pigeons have been successfully programmed to turn left or right; however, a satisfactory method of commanding a robo-pigeon to walk forward is still lacking. This problem has become a roadblock to progress in bio-robot research and applications. In mammals, the midbrain periaqueductal gray region (PAG) plays a key role in mediating defensive reactions in response to fear and anxiety. The avian intercollicular nucleus (ICo) is thought to correspond to the PAG. In this study, we found that microstimulating the ICo could successfully induce a robo-pigeon to walk forward. Compared with stimulation of the previously used archistriatum, the response time was considerably shorter and the behavior accuracy significantly higher. This paper describes in detail the process of controlling a robo-pigeon such that it walks forward and backward along a prescribed straight line. From the results, we draw the conclusion that the ICo is suitable for prompting the “walk forward” order in robo-pigeons.

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Prado, Raquel, Lisa Weigand, Shikh M. S. N. S. Zahari, Xabier Erdocia, Jason Hallett, Jall Labidi, and Tom Welton. "An easy and reliable method for syringyl: guaiacyl ratio measurement." March 2017 16, no. 03 (2017): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.3.145.

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Lignin structure elucidation is one of the main targets for biorefinery related research. Because of its complexity, obtaining reproducible results in a straight-forward way is very important. One of the values that is used to compare different lignins is the syringyl:guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, which has been measured in different ways. The most reliable result is obtained for nitrobenzene oxidation, but this involves a complex process. In this work, the S/G ratios measured by pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence-nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) spectroscopy were compared with attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy results to establish a reliable, quick, and simple method for the measurement. To achieve this, two mathematical models were applied with multivariate data analysis software. A partial least squares regression model for py-GCMS gave the best result.

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Olson, D. G., A. G. Erdman, and D. R. Riley. "Formulation of Dimensional Synthesis Procedures for Complex Planar Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 109, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258797.

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This paper presents an overview of a component-based approach for the dimensional synthesis of planar mechanisms. The components on which the approach is based are called triads, dyads, and free vectors, and can be synthesized for up to five precision positions. A straight-forward method for formulating dimensional synthesis procedures for arbitrarily complex planar mechanisms is developed, and demonstrated by an example using inspection. The method utilizes the concept of the directed graph, which is an enhancement of the usual graph theory representation of mechanisms. Because the method is based on graph theory, it is believed that it could be easily automated.

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Rao, Sadasiva. "A Straight-Forward Method of Moments Procedure to Solve the Time Domain Integral Equation Applicable to PEC Bodies via Triangular Patch Modeling." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350801.

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In this work, a simple and straight-forward method of moments solution (MOM) procedure is presented to obtain the induced current distribution on an arbitrarily-shaped conducting body illuminated by a Gaussian plane wave directly in the time domain using a patch modeling approach. The method presented in this work, besides being stable, is also capable of handling multiple excitation pulses of varying frequency content incident from different directions in a trivial manner. The method utilizes standard Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions and simple triangular functions for the space and time variables, respectively, for both expansion and testing. The method adopts conventional MOM and requires no further manipulation invariably needed in standard time-marching methods. The moment matrix generated via this scheme is a block-wise Toeplitz matrix and, hence, the solution is extremely efficient. The method is validated by comparing the results with the data obtained from the frequency domain solution. Several simple and complex numerical results are presented to validate the procedure.

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Baziw, Erick J. "Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 1181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-061.

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The seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) has proven to be a very valuable geotechnical tool in facilitating the determination of low strain (<104%) in situ compression (P) and shear (S) wave velocities. The P- and S-wave velocities are directly related to the soil elastic constants of Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Young's modulus. The accurate determination of P- and S-wave velocities from the recorded seismic cone time series is of paramount importance to the evaluation of reliable elastic constants. Furthermore, since the shear and compression wave velocities are squared in deriving the elastic constants, small variations in the estimated velocities can cause appreciable errors. The standard techniques implemented in deriving SCPT interval velocities rely upon obtaining reference P- and S-wave arrival times as the probe is advanced into the soil profile. By assuming a straight ray travel path from the source to the SCPT seismic receiver and calculating the relative reference arrival time differences, interval SCPT velocities are obtained. The forward modeling downhill simplex method (FMDSM) outlined in this paper offers distinct advantages over conventional SCPT velocity profile estimation methods. Some of these advantages consist of the allowance of ray path refraction, greater sophistication in interval velocity determination, incorporation of measurement weights, and meaningful interval velocity accuracy estimators.Key words: seismic cone penetration testing (SCPT), downhill simplex method (DSM), forward modeling, Fermat's principle, weighted least squares (l2 norm), cost function.

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FENG, SHIZHE, XIANGYANG CUI, and GUANGYAO LI. "THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS USING EDGE-BASED SMOOTHED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." International Journal of Computational Methods 11, no. 06 (December 2014): 1350089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500898.

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In this paper, an edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) is further formulated to deal with the thermo-mechanical analysis of composite pressure vessels. In the ES-FEM, the problem domain is first discretized into a set of triangular elements, and the edge-based smoothing domains are further formed along the edges of the triangular meshes. In order to improve the accuracy, the stiffness matrices are calculated using the strain smoothing technique in these smoothing domains. The thermal and mechanical properties are assumed to vary between different layers. The present formulation is straight-forward and no penalty parameters or additional degrees of freedom are used. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectivity of ES-FEM for thermo-mechanical analysis of composite pressure vessels.

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van der Bijl, Wouter. "phylopath: Easy phylogenetic path analysis in R." PeerJ 6 (April 25, 2018): e4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4718.

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Confirmatory path analysis allows researchers to evaluate and compare causal models using observational data. This tool has great value for comparative biologists since they are often unable to gather experimental data on macro-evolutionary hypotheses, but is cumbersome and error-prone to perform. I introducephylopath, an R package that implements phylogenetic path analysis (PPA) as described by von Hardenberg & Gonzalez-Voyer (2013). In addition to the published method, I provide support for the inclusion of binary variables. I illustrate PPA andphylopathby recreating part of a study on the relationship between brain size and vulnerability to extinction. The package aims to make the analysis straight-forward, providing convenience functions, and several plotting methods, which I hope will encourage the spread of the method.

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Altinbalik, Tahir, and Önder Ayer. "A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR THE LOAD OPTIMIZATION OF GEAR-LIKE PROFILES BY USING FORWARD AND LATERAL EXTRUSION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 1 (March 2015): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0005.

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The main purpose of this research is to investigate the minimum deformation load by selecting a suitable forming method for manufacturing of gear-like sections and to compare the load estimation methods between Upper Bound Analysis and DEFORM-3D. Forward and lateral extrusion were chosen as two different forming methods. The effect of die transition geometry on deformation load was also investigated by straight tapered and cosine profiles. A newly kinematical admissible velocity field to analyze different profiles of extrusion dies was proposed by upper bound analysis. Al 1070 was used as working material. Experiments using five sets of dies with gear-like form were performed, and the measured forming load results were compared with the predictions of the theoretical solutions. Experiments were carried out on the 150 metric ton hydraulic press.

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Wight, Neil M., and Nick S. Bennett. "Reduced Thermal Conductivity in Silicon Thin-Films via Vacancies." Solid State Phenomena 242 (October 2015): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.242.344.

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An experimental method is defined that reduces the thermal conductivity in Si films by ~90 % compared to control samples, while keeping the thermoelectric power factor almost unchanged. This is done by creating vacancy-rich films via high-energy self-implantation of Si, followed by rapid-thermal annealing. TCAD simulations suggest that this approach is scalable for application in thin-film thermoelectric generators, as an alternative to more expensive and less Earth-abundant materials such as bismuth telluride. This approach to Si thermoelectrics could be straight-forward for scale-up to thin-film device dimensions, something that is a major challenge for other methods used for Si thermal conductivity reduction.

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Krishnaiah A, Muni, C. Rama Chandraiah, M. Srinivas, and N. Devanna. "A STRAIGHT FORWARD, FAST, SENSITIVE, EPI- HPLCMS/MS METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLOZAPINE AND AMITRIPTYLINE IN HUMAN PLASMA." Rasayan Journal of chemistry 13, no. 01 (2020): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2020.1315466.

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Hou, Yan Jun, and Lin Feng Wu. "Orientation Schemes Choice for Aquatic Inserting Piles Based on Gray Relation Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.909.

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In the process of rapid orientation device design for aquatic inserting piles, piles were fixed position using straight and steady function of the edge piles ahead. Piles were inserted to riverbed inside steel casing without horizontal current velocity. Three kinds of orientation schemes were put forward. To scientifically and accurately choose the best scheme, the evaluation index system was established in the way of expert's mark. The gray relation analysis method was adopted to analyze each scheme, synthesize each factor, and finally educe the optimal scheme.

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Nourizadeh, Mohammadreza, Nasser Mikaeilvand, and Hossien Monfared. "Existence and uniqueness theorem for fuzzy fractional integral equations with the fuzzy caputo fractional derivative by using Adomians decomposition method (ADM)." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 02 (September 13, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol3iss02pp1-7.

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We present on existence and uniqueness theorem for integral equation of fractional order in volving fuzzy set value mayping of a real variable whose values are normal , convex , upper , semicontinuous , and compactly sufforted fuzzy sets in ir , we establish condition for a class of initial value froblem for impulsive frac tional antegrab inclusion involving the caputo fractional derivative. The Adomians decomposition method and the homotopy Perturbation method are two powerful method which Consider the approximate Solution of a nonlinear Equation as an infinite Series usually Converging to the accurate solution , This paper introduces the homotopy perturbation method for overcoming completely the disadvantage, The solution procedure is very effective and straight forward. That two method are equivalent in solving nonlinear equations.

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Muhammad, N., and N. Yusoff. "Nonparametric predictive inference with parametric copula for survival analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818903026.

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Many real-world problems of statistical inference involve dependent bivariate data including survival analysis. This paper presents new nonparametric methods for predictive inference for survival analysis involving a future bivariate observation. The method combine between bivariate Nonparametric Predictive Inference (NPI) for the marginals with parametric copula to take dependence structure into account. The proposed method is a discretized version of the parametric copula. The NPI fits the marginal and very straight forward computations. Generally, NPI is a frequentist approach which infer a future observation based on past data. The proposed method resulting imprecision is robustness with regard to the assumed parametric copula in the marginal for prediction. This is practical for small data set. The suggestion is to use a basic parametric copula for small data sets. We investigate and discuss the performance of these methods by presenting results from simulation studies. The method is further illustrated via application in survival analysis using data sets from the literature.

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Zhang, Jun, Shuhua Wang, and Zhengling Yang. "Research on Parts Measurement Method Based on Machine Vision." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2013070104.

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This paper has described the measurement method of the phone slot on the assembly line. The method is based on computer vision. After reducing the effect of noise through fast median method, the authors locate the target area. Thus the authors extract the target area. The authors have proposed an edge detection algorithm based on the improved canny operator. The authors also have put forward the linear fitting method based on RHT-LSM and then the authors delete the straight line whose slope is greater than the given threshold. Therefore the authors can find the corresponding angular point coordinates. Then the authors have compared the semi-circular data of the slots ends and find the points whose tangent line’s slop are biggest. These points are absolutely tin the leftmost and in the rightmost. Thus the authors have got the length and the width of the image in the coordinate system. Then the authors can get the camera’s internal parameters and external parameters after the camera calibration. The practice shows that the system is feasible and it has high use value.

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Du, Xiaoyan, and Jinfei Chai. "Stability Evaluation of Medium Soft Soil Pile Slope Based on Limit Equilibrium Method and Finite Element Method." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193709.

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The stability of an open-pit slope is an extremely important factor related to the safe production of an open-pit mine. It is the first safety technical problem encountered and should be solved in the process of mine design and production. By the means of an engineering geology and hydrogeological investigation of the waste dump area of the Nayuan open-pit coal mine and numerical simulation research, this paper analyzes and studies the slope stability of the stope and waste dump of the Nayuan open-pit coal mine in detail and puts forward measures such as slope prevention and automatic monitoring to achieve the goal of protecting the slope of the stope and waste dump and the surrounding environment. The main research results are as follows: (1) The geotechnical physical and mechanical indexes of stope and waste dump are collected and analyzed, and the geotechnical mechanical indexes in this report were determined, which basically meet the requirements of slope stability analysis. (2) The limit equilibrium method and finite element method were used to analyze and evaluate the current slope stability of the Nayuan open-pit coal mine. It was concluded that the foundation of the waste dump is basically stable, and the potential landslide modes of the slope are arc-shaped sliding surface and arc-shaped straight-line sliding surface. The numerical simulation and checking results showed that the current stope and waste dump slope are stable. (3) According to the analysis and evaluation results of slope stability, feasible slope prevention measures are put forward. The research results are of great significance to the safety of important facilities in open-pit mines and provide a basis for the design and safety implementation of open-pit slope engineering.

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Siddique, Imran, Khush Bukht Mehdi, M. Ali Akbar, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa, and Asim Zafar. "Diverse Exact Soliton Solutions of the Time Fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic Equation via Dual Novel Techniques." Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1680560.

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In this article, we acquire a variety of new exact traveling wave solutions in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions for the nonlinear time-fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic (CRWP) equation in the sense of beta-derivative by employing the two modified methods, namely, modified G ′ / G 2 − expansion method and modified F − expansion method. The obtained solutions are verified for aforesaid equations through symbolic soft computations. To promote the essential propagated features, some investigated solutions are exhibited in the form of 2D and 3D graphics by passing on the precise values to the parameters under the constrain conditions. The obtained solutions show that the presented methods are effective, straight forward, and reliable as compared to other methods. These methods can also be used to extract the novel exact traveling wave solutions for solving any types of integer and fractional differential equations arising in mathematical physics.

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Gorelik, Tatiana. "Electron diffraction tomography for structure analysis of nanomaterials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096326.

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For decades electron crystallography had not been considered as a reliable method of structure analysis, being more a curious scattering experiment. The introduction of electron diffraction tomography brought to light a novel structure analysis technique able to resolve structures of nanocrystalline samples, not assessable by other methods. Electron diffraction tomography is based on the systematically sampling of the reciprocal space by means of electron diffraction. Being in principle very close to single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment, electron diffraction has nevertheless specialities, which make it in a first row an attractive alternative technique, on the other side a demanding experiment and not straight-forward data analysis. The power of electron diffraction tomography method has been clearly demonstrated within the last years – a number of crystalline structures of various material types has been solved. The achievements and potentials of electron diffraction tomography method will be presented, supported by numerous structure analysis examples.

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Li, Jianliang, Jiaqing Yang, and Bo Zhang. "A linear sampling method for inverse acoustic scattering by a locally rough interface." Inverse Problems & Imaging 15, no. 5 (2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/ipi.2021036.

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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>This paper is concerned with the inverse problem of time-harmonic acoustic scattering by an unbounded, locally rough interface which is assumed to be a local perturbation of a plane. The purpose of this paper is to recover the local perturbation of the interface from the near-field measurement given on a straight line segment with a finite distance above the interface and generated by point sources. Precisely, we propose a novel version of the linear sampling method to recover the location and shape of the local perturbation of the interface numerically. Our method is based on a modified near-field operator equation associated with a special rough surface, constructed by reformulating the forward scattering problem into an equivalent integral equation formulation in a bounded domain, leading to a fast imaging algorithm. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the imaging method.</p>

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Hobbs, S. E., and G. Hodges. "An optical method for automatic classification and recording of a suction trap catch." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 1 (March 1993): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300041766.

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AbstractA simple optical method for automatic recording and classification of a suction trap catch is described. The insects are illuminated against a dark background as they pass through a detection volume, and the amount of scattered light is used to measure insect size. The design centres on the detection volume, which is a volume through which the insects are made to pass, and within which they may be detected. The design is approached in four stages: 1. Delivery of insects to the detection volume. 2. Illumination of the detection volume. 3. Collection and detection of scattered light. 4. Signal analysis. The analysis could also be applied to related techniques. Results with a prototype demonstrate that classification into broad size categories is straight-forward (e.g. approximately three classes spanning body lengths of 2–7 mm), despite uncertainties of insect reflectivity, aspect and trajectory. Applications of the method are discussed, along with a brief mention of alternative techniques.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Straight Forward Method'

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