Journal articles on the topic 'Storm water infrastructure'
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He, J., C. Valeo, and F. J. C. Bouchart. "Enhancing urban infrastructure investment planning practices for a changing climate." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 10 (May 1, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.292.
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Climate change raises many concerns for urban water management because of the effects on all aspects of the hydrological cycle. Urban water infrastructure has traditionally been designed using historical observations and assuming stationary climatic conditions. The capability of this infrastructure, whether for storm-water drainage, or water supply, may be over- or under-designed for future climatic conditions. In particular, changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events will have the most acute effect on storm-water drainage systems. Therefore, it is necessary to take future climatic conditions into consideration in engineering designs in order to enhance water infrastructure investment planning practices in a long time horizon. This paper provides the initial results of a study that is examining ways to enhance urban infrastructure investment planning practices against changes in hydrologic regimes for a changing climate. Design storms and intensity–duration–frequency curves that are used in the engineering design of storm-water drainage systems are developed under future climatic conditions by empirically adjusting the general circulation model output, and using the Gumbel distribution and the Chicago method. Simulations are then performed on an existing storm-water drainage system from NE Calgary to investigate the resiliency of the system under climate change.
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Kettle, Anthony James. "Storm Tilo over Europe in November 2007: storm surge and impacts on societal and energy infrastructure." Advances in Geosciences 49 (November 4, 2019): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-187-2019.
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Abstract. Storm Tilo on 8–9 November 2007 ranks among the serious winter storms in northern Europe over the past 30 years. Its low pressure centre passed across the northern North Sea, and this led to a cold air outbreak in northwest Europe. Strong north winds across the North Sea contributed to a high storm surge that was serious for coastal regions in eastern England, the Netherlands and Germany. Storm winds and unusually high waves caused shipping accidents and damage to some offshore energy infrastructure. This report presents an outline of the met-ocean conditions and a short overview of storm impacts on societal and energy infrastructure. The progress of the storm surge around the North Sea is analysed using data from the national tide gauge networks. A spectral analysis of the water level data is used to isolate the long period storm surge and short period oscillations (i.e., <4.8 h) from the tidal signal. The calculated skew surge is compared with literature reports for this storm and also with another serious North Sea storm from 31 October–1 November 2006 (Storm Britta). The short period oscillations are compared with the platform and shipping incident reports for the 2 d storm period. The results support previous reports of unusual wave and water level dynamics during some severe regional winter storms.
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Ghofrani, Zahra, Victor Sposito, and Robert Faggian. "Designing a Pond and Evaluating its Impact Upon Storm-Water Quality and Flow: A Case Study in Rural Australia." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0036.
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Abstract Storm-water management is a common concern in rural catchments where development-related growth causes increases of storm-water flows. Greater magnitude and frequency of storm-water create greater challenges for mitigating storm-water damage and improving water quality. The concept of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) as a solution incorporates a wide range of applicable components with the aim of minimizing the effect of catchment development on flow regimes without changing the watershed morphology. BGI components manage storm-water by decreasing impermeable cover and expanding natural and semi-natural systems to store water or recharge and filter storm-water into the ground. In this paper, guidelines for designing a pond as a component of BGI are provided and, configuration and size of the pond are determined. Moreover, the impacts of the designed pond on storm-water peak flow and quality are assessed for the Tarwin catchment, State of Victoria, Australia. The results indicate that the introduction of the pond would have reduced outfall inflow by 94 % and would have achieved the reduction of 88.3, 75.5 and 50.7 % for total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen respectively, during the extreme weather event in June 2012.
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Boatwright, Jessica, Kurt Stephenson, Kevin Boyle, and Sara Nienow. "Subdivision Infrastructure Affecting Storm Water Runoff and Residential Property Values." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 140, no. 4 (April 2014): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000356.
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Apul, Defne. "Ecological Design Principles and Their Implications on Water Infrastructure Engineering." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.147.
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Today's water infrastructures are the outcome of an industrial revolution-based design that are now at odds with the current sustainability paradigm. The goal of this study was to develop a vision for engineering sustainable water infrastructures. A list of 99 ecological design principles was compiled from eleven authors and grouped into three themes: (1) human dimension, (2) learning from nature (biomimicry), and (3) integrating nature. The biomimicry concept was further divided into six sub-themes; (1) complex system properties, (2) energy source, (3) scale, (4) mass and energy flows, (5) structure, and function, and (6) diversity and cooperation. The implications of these concepts on water infrastructure design suggested that water infrastructure should be conceptualized in a more holistic way by not only considering water supply, treatment, and storm water management services, but also integrating into the design problem other provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. A decentralized approach for this integration and innovation in adaptive design are necessary to develop resilient and energy efficient water infrastructures.
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Kettle, Anthony J. "Storm Kyrill and the storms of mid-January 2007: Societal and Energy Impacts in Europe." Advances in Geosciences 58 (January 26, 2023): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-135-2023.
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Abstract. January 2007 was a stormy period in Europe with impacts on societal infrastructure and implications for energy meteorology. A series of cyclones tracked across the North Atlantic and into Europe during the two week period 8–22 January 2007. For many parts of Europe, Storm Kyrill on 18 January 2007 was the most important of these for the infrastructure damage that it caused. It had the highest European storm-related insurance losses in recent history. The storm spawned a high intensity derecho that started in Germany and travelled across eastern Europe into the Black Sea region. It was associated with severe convection, lightning, several tornadoes, and strong wind gusts. The storm caused over 50 fatalities, widespread disruption of transport and power networks, and a lot of forest damage. The highest coastal water levels for the month at many tide gauge stations in northwest Europe (and also for the year, in some cases) were registered during Storm Kyrill. This contribution presents a literature review of the storm characteristics and its impacts. This is followed by an analysis of the North Sea tide gauge data to assess the storm surge, tidal variation, and short-period seiche component around the North Sea. The water level information is compared with shipping accidents and offshore incidents to assess possible links. Unusually large waves had been registered at the FINO1 offshore wind energy research platform and off the northern coast of the Netherlands only a couple of months previously on 1 November 2006. While Storm Kyrill caused a lot of societal damage on land areas, there was comparatively little coastal damage around the North Sea and few reports of offshore infrastructure damage linked to wave strikes.
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Kettle, Anthony J. "Storm Anatol over Europe in December 1999: impacts on societal and energy infrastructure." Advances in Geosciences 56 (December 23, 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-141-2021.
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Abstract. Storm Anatol impacted the North Sea and northern Europe on 3–4 December 1999. It brought hurricane force winds to Denmark and northern Germany, and high winds also in Sweden and countries around the Baltic Sea. For many meteorological stations in Denmark, the wind speeds were the highest on record and the storm was ranked as a century event. The storm impacts included extensive forest damage, fatalities, hundreds of injuries, power outages, transportation interruptions, as well as storm surge flooding on the west coast of Denmark. Strongly committed to wind energy, Denmark lost 13 onshore wind turbines destroyed during the storm. An important industry insurer noted that this was a remarkably low number, considering the storm intensity and the large number of turbines (>3500) installed in the country. In 1999, offshore wind energy was just getting started in Europe, and the storm provided an important test of environmental extreme conditions impacting offshore infrastructure. This contribution takes a closer look at the regional met-ocean conditions during the storm. A brief overview is made of the wind field and available wave measurements from the North Sea. An examination is made of water level measurements from around the North Sea to characterize the storm surge and identify possible meteo-tsunamis and infragravity waves. Offshore accidents are briefly discussed to assess if there had been unusual wave strikes on shipping or platforms. At the time of the storm in 1999, there was a growing awareness in the scientific community of possible changes in ambient sea state conditions and the increasing threat of rogue waves. The offshore wind energy community had become aware from the impact of rogue waves from damage at the research platform FINO1 in the southern North Sea during severe storms in 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2013. Storm Anatol may have been another rogue wave storm at an earlier stage of offshore wind energy development.
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Et. al., Velautham KD,. "Storm water Management in Airport using Oil Water Separator System." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 1014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1115.
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Oil contamination in the Storm water has been generally overlooked, even though it causes major environmental pollution and is a substantial threat to all the species in the ecosystem. Likewise, the treatment of oil-contaminated Storm water in public areas and general industries, especially in airports, has largely been ignored. Airports are known as one of the most potent oil contamination contributors through the jet fuel that pollutes the local waterways and Storm water. However, little information regarding the specific actions taken to treat the Storm water contaminated with jet fuel oil in airport facilities, is available.The objective of this paper is to discuss the Storm water management that using the oil-water separator system in airports contaminated with oil. Specifically, this paper highlights the contaminants of Storm water run-off from airports and the oil-water separator system in airports.The use of a corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) for Storm water management in airports was discussed.The success in treating Storm water largely depends on the improvement of infrastructure, the capturing of pollutants and nutrients from the Storm water flows, in addition to the use of wetlands to improve the ecology and water quality of streams and rivers. Incorporating an oil-water separator system into the Storm water treatment system in the airports setting is quite significant since the airport is known for its large and paved areas containing oil, grease or jet fuel.The treatment of the airports Storm water contaminated with oil, grease and jet fuel could significantly reduce the contamination for a cleaner environment. The CPI can be used to separate the oils from the water and then retains the oils safely until removal.
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Michalsen, David R., Steven D. Babcock, and Lihwa Lin. "BARRIER ISLAND RESTORATION FOR STORM DAMAGE REDUCTION: WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON, USA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 1, 2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.32.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District has completed a feasibility study and determined barrier island restoration to be the most appropriate long-term coastal flood and storm damage reduction measure for the Shoalwater Indian Reservation. Over the last century, Cape Shoalwater has receded more than 2.8 miles. By 1990, the Shoalwater Reservation’s only remaining protection from storm wave attack was a series of barrier islands fronting Tokeland Peninsula. Extreme water levels coincident with strong winter storms have historically inundated this low lying topography and are responsible for the erosion and overwash of the protective barrier island known as Graveyard Spit. Here a simple risk assessment tool is presented for identifying flood risk to the Shoalwater Reservation infrastructure. Statistical analysis of extreme water levels and numerical modeling is utilized to determine the extent of inundation. From the analysis it was determined 54% of the inventoried infrastructure is at risk during a storm event equivalent to the observed event on March 3, 1999. With the barrier island restoration it was found that this risk is reduced to 7%.
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Vasiljevic, B., E. McBean, and B. Gharabaghi. "Trends in rainfall intensity for stormwater designs in Ontario." Journal of Water and Climate Change 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2012.125.
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The intensities of short-duration rainfall events are fundamental inputs to the design of stormwater management infrastructure. However, since stormwater infrastructure must function as designed for many decades, if there are long-term trends in rainfall intensities, design storms need to be modified. Evidence demonstrates, using data from 13 rain gauges in Ontario, that storm intensities relevant to urban stormwater (5 year) appear to have changed over the last 30 years. The results show, for example, statistical significance at 80% confidence that the 5-year storm has increased, and 85% that the 2-year storm has increased, for the 1 h storm in Waterloo, using partial duration series (PDS) data. The PDS data indicate intensities are increasing at a rate of 1–3% per year. Results show, for example, that a 5-year recurrence storm for PDS for the period 1970–1984 is now very close in magnitude to a 2-year recurrence storm for the period 1985–2003 for Waterloo, Ontario. The implications for a case study demonstrate that 5 out of 12 storm sewer pipes in a subdivision would need to be increased in diameter to obtain the same level of stormwater performance.
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Trinh, Tam Thi, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Toan Bui. "The Contribution of Forerunner to Storm Surges along the Vietnam Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070508.
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Vietnam, located in the tropical region of the northwest Pacific Ocean, is frequently impacted by tropical storms. Occurrence of extreme water level events associated with tropical storms are often unpredicted and put coastal infrastructure and safety of coastal populations at risk. Hence, an improved understanding of the nature of storm surges and their components along the Vietnam coast is required. For example, a higher than expected extreme storm surge during Typhoon Kalmegi (2014) highlighted the lack of understanding on the characteristics of storm surges in Vietnam. Physical processes that influence the non-tidal water level associated with tropical storms can persist for up to 14 days, beginning 3–4 days prior to storm landfall and cease up to 10 days after the landfall of the typhoon. This includes the forerunner, ‘direct’ storm surge, and coastally trapped waves. This study used a continuous record of six sea level time series collected over a 5-year period (2013–2017) from along the Vietnam coast and Hong Kong to examine the contribution of the forerunner to non-tidal water level. The forerunner is defined as the gradual increase in mean water level, 2–3 days prior to typhoon landfall and generated by shore parallel winds and currents that result in a mean higher water level at the coast. Results indicated that a forerunner was generated by almost all typhoons, at least at one station, with a range between 20 and 50 cm. The forerunner contributed up to 50% of the water level change due to the storm. Combination of forerunner and onshore winds generated storm surges that were much higher (to 70 cm). It was also found that the characteristics of the typhoon (e.g., path, speed, severity and size) significantly influenced the generation of the forerunner. It is recommended that the forerunner that is not currently well defined in predictive models should be included in storm surge forecasts.
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Rangari, Vinay Ashok, and Sriramoju Sai Prashanth. "Simulation of Urban Drainage System Using a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.1.872.
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Urban floods are caused due to increase in population density, development of urban infrastructure without paying due consideration to drainage aspects and increase in paved surfaces. Storm water modelling plays an important role in checking issues such as flash floods and urban water-quality problems. The SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) has been an effective tool for simulating floods in urban areas. In this study a SWMM model is developed to analyze drainage network for the campus of National Institute of Technology, Warangal in the city of Warangal, Telangana, India. The model is simulated for one real storm event and 2-year return period of interval 1-hour design storm intensity. Frequency analysis is performed using best fitted distribution i.e., Gumbel’s distribution for different return periods and the frequency values are used for development of IDF (intensity-duration-frequency) curves. Design storm intensity derived from IDF curves for different return periods is used to estimate peak runoff from each sub catchment which is used as input parameter in simulation of runoff in SWMM. GIS methodology is employed for handling spatial data simultaneously. From results, it is observed that some part of campus are commonly affected with flooding, when analysis is performed for two design storms and one day continuous rainfall/precipitation values.
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Manocha, Nishtha, and Vladan Babovic. "Development and valuation of adaptation pathways for storm water management infrastructure." Environmental Science & Policy 77 (November 2017): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.001.
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Wang, Chong Hao, and Zhi He Shen. "Utilize Water Square to Transforming Rain Water Engineering in City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2915.
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This type analyzes that the water square can be used in the implementation of rain and sewage diversion in the old city. Water square not only reduce infrastructure cost and nuisance to the public, but also achieve the effect of storm sewer system's optimized transformation, This type also study the feasibility of its implementation and design principle, at last it gives a conclusion about the water square.
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Leaman, Christopher, Mitchell Harley, Kristen Splinter, Mandi Thran, Michael Kinsela, and Ian Turner. "A NEW STORM IMPACT MATRIX COMBINING BOTH COASTAL FLOODING AND EROSION HAZARDS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.6.
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Coastal zones are often threatened by storms that elevate water levels and increase the wave energy impacting the shoreline. These storm conditions result in coastal flooding and erosion hazards for communities, threatening lives, properties and infrastructure. Coastal impact Early Warning Systems (EWSs) are currently used to alert authorities of potential impacts prior to advancing storms. Effective EWSs provide important windows of opportunity to undertake mitigating actions to minimize the damage caused by a storm.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-U6uEHfLizA
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Miura, Yuki, Huda Qureshi, Chanyang Ryoo, Philip C. Dinenis, Jiao Li, Kyle T. Mandli, George Deodatis, Daniel Bienstock, Heather Lazrus, and Rebecca Morss. "A methodological framework for determining an optimal coastal protection strategy against storm surges and sea level rise." Natural Hazards 107, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 1821–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04661-5.
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AbstractInterdependent critical infrastructures in coastal regions, including transportation, electrical grid, and emergency services, are continually threatened by storm-induced flooding. This has been demonstrated a number of times, most recently by hurricanes such as Harvey and Maria, as well as Sandy and Katrina. The need to protect these infrastructures with robust protection mechanisms is critical for our continued existence along the world’s coastlines. Planning these protections is non-trivial given the rare-event nature of strong storms and climate change manifested through sea level rise. This article proposes a framework for a methodology that combines multiple computational models, stakeholder interviews, and optimization to find an optimal protective strategy over time for critical coastal infrastructure while being constrained by budgetary considerations.
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Shreewatsav, Malavica, and Vaseem Anjum Sheriff. "AUGMENTATION OF THE URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE USING STORMWATER SURFACE RUNOFF AS A RESOURCE IN THE NICE EXPRESSWAY, KARNATAKA, INDIA." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16394.
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Urban areas, characterized by impervious surfaces, produce storm water runoff which during unexpected heavy rainfall exceeds the carrying capacity of the storm water drainage system causing urban flooding. Transport expressways are massive hard-scaped surfaces generating large amounts of polluted surface run-off during the rains. In the case of the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE) Expressway at Bengaluru, India, which is also a tolled road, the demonstration is about using the surface run-off or stormwater as a resource for developing urban green infrastructure complementing the transport grey infrastructure. The functions of urban green infrastructure include air quality improvement, microclimate modification, storm water management, biodiversity, recreational opportunities and visual aesthetics. Here we show, that the surface runoff or stormwater is effectively channelled to the areas around, to mark the beginning of a well-planned and executed drainage system, maintenance-free landscape and technically a sound, urban green infrastructure in the form of site-specific models of Rain Gardens. The same models can be used in other transport expressways as they are the indicators of economic growth and connectivity although would require to be customized as per the city and its climatic conditions. This paper explores three different scenarios with a typical model of development of green infrastructure along the transport expressway tailormade for each of the situations. While in the first and the second models, the Central Rain Garden and the Edge Rain Garden have been respectively proposed, the third model explores a comparatively complex scenario in the form of an Intersection Rain Garden.
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Lee, Joong Gwang, Christopher T. Nietch, and Srinivas Panguluri. "Drainage area characterization for evaluating green infrastructure using the Storm Water Management Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 2615–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2615-2018.
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Abstract. Urban stormwater runoff quantity and quality are strongly dependent upon catchment properties. Models are used to simulate the runoff characteristics, but the output from a stormwater management model is dependent on how the catchment area is subdivided and represented as spatial elements. For green infrastructure modeling, we suggest a discretization method that distinguishes directly connected impervious area (DCIA) from the total impervious area (TIA). Pervious buffers, which receive runoff from upgradient impervious areas should also be identified as a separate subset of the entire pervious area (PA). This separation provides an improved model representation of the runoff process. With these criteria in mind, an approach to spatial discretization for projects using the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is demonstrated for the Shayler Crossing watershed (SHC), a well-monitored, residential suburban area occupying 100 ha, east of Cincinnati, Ohio. The model relies on a highly resolved spatial database of urban land cover, stormwater drainage features, and topography. To verify the spatial discretization approach, a hypothetical analysis was conducted. Six different representations of a common urbanscape that discharges runoff to a single storm inlet were evaluated with eight 24 h synthetic storms. This analysis allowed us to select a discretization scheme that balances complexity in model setup with presumed accuracy of the output with respect to the most complex discretization option considered. The balanced approach delineates directly and indirectly connected impervious areas (ICIA), buffering pervious area (BPA) receiving impervious runoff, and the other pervious area within a SWMM subcatchment. It performed well at the watershed scale with minimal calibration effort (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.852; R2 = 0.871). The approach accommodates the distribution of runoff contributions from different spatial components and flow pathways that would impact green infrastructure performance. A developed SWMM model using the discretization approach is calibrated by adjusting parameters per land cover component, instead of per subcatchment and, therefore, can be applied to relatively large watersheds if the land cover components are relatively homogeneous and/or categorized appropriately in the GIS that supports the model parameterization. Finally, with a few model adjustments, we show how the simulated stream hydrograph can be separated into the relative contributions from different land cover types and subsurface sources, adding insight to the potential effectiveness of planned green infrastructure scenarios at the watershed scale.
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Clark, David A., and Hsiao-Han Daphne Chiu. "Treating Storm Water with the City of Indianapolis' First Green Infrastructure Project." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 8 (January 1, 2010): 7769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798208098.
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Forsee, William Joel, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Evaluating Urban Storm-Water Infrastructure Design in Response to Projected Climate Change." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 16, no. 11 (November 2011): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000383.
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Ilaria, Gnecco, Sansalone John J., and Lanza Luca G. "PARTITIONING AND SPECIATION OF METALS IN STORM WATER RUNOFF FROM COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, no. 13 (January 1, 2007): 5617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787969450.
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Singh, Er Navdeep. "PROPOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND STROM WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 17, 2022): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/59.
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This paper focuses on the provision of drainage systems and stormwater management strategies at CT University. Although engineered infrastructure is a component for drainage of urban runoff, non-structural approaches are important complementary measures, focusing on actions to prevent and mitigate problems related to flooding as well as those related to pollution and deterioration in environmental health conditions. The following will be the analysis taken at CT University to provide solutions to the improper functioning of the drainage system. A participatory approach is recommended within a strategic framework of stormwater planning. Keywords: Storm Drainage system, storm water management, run off.
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Zhang, Wuhuan, Charles R. Burgis, Gail M. Hayes, Derek A. Henderson, and James A. Smith. "Mitigation of Deicing Salt Loading to Water Resources by Transpiration from Green Infrastructure Vegetation." Land 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060907.
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Green infrastructure (GI) protects aquatic ecosystems from stormwater runoff caused by urban development. Bioretention (BR) is a typical GI system wherein stormwater runoff is routed to a soil basin planted with vegetation and has been shown to reduce deicing salt loads in surface runoff, but the removal mechanism of salt is poorly understood. This study explores the potential of different vegetation types to reduce deicing salt released from a BR by transpiration. Six engineered soil media columns were built in a laboratory greenhouse to simulate a 1012 m2 BR basin along Lorton Road, Fairfax County, VA, USA. The effect of vegetation type (Blue Wild Indigo and Broadleaf Cattail) and influent salt concentration on flow volume and salt mass reduction were quantified for multiple storm events. For all storm events, chloride inflow concentrations, and vegetation types, Cl− load reduction ranged from 26.1% to 33.5%, Na+ load reduction ranged from 38.2% to 52.5%, and volume reductions ranged from 11.4% to 41.9%. Different inflow salt concentrations yielded different removal rates of deicing salt, and for a given column, salt removal decreased over sequential storm events. For each influent salt concentration, columns planted with Broadleaf Cattail (BC) performed better for volume and salt mass reductions than columns planted with Blue Wild Indigo (BWI), which in turn performed better than the controls.
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Napier, John. "Living with Water : Infrastructure and Urbanism in Jakarta." Ecocycles 7, no. 1 (2021): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v7i1.191.
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Cities around the world are at risk of pluvial and fluvial flooding, due to more frequent extreme weather events and uncontrolled urbanisation. Coastal cities are additionally at risk from tidal flooding and sea level rise. Hard surface infrastructure leads to rapid storm-water run off overwhelming conventional drainage systems at peak times. This article examines what constitutes infrastructure in the 21st century and what should its new priorities be? A case study is made of Jakarta, a low lying delta city, where the consequences of unregulated economic development are starting to be addressed. The lack of a city based water supply has led to excessive ground water extraction and the sinking of the city further exacerbating flood risk. City wide flooding has occurred three times in the last 15 years. Water needs to be considered as a primary element in infrastructure strategy and space found for natural systems and active travel. In Jakarta the role of the kampungs (informal settlements) provides an opportunity to address social and environmental difficulties at the same time. This interdisciplinary overview analyses recent infrastructure initiatives and developments and asks what more can be done and what new planning policies and concepts may be required.
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Hassan M. Hammadi, Talal. "UTILIZING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN CITY OF JEDDAHS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 1790–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11447.
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Elshorbagy, Amin, Kelsea Lindenas, and Hossein Azinfar. "Risk-based quantification of the impact of climate change on storm water infrastructure." Water Science 32, no. 1 (April 2018): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2017.12.003.
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Whelton, Andrew J., Maryam Salehi, Matthew Tabor, Bridget Donaldson, and Jesus Estaba. "Impact of Infrastructure Coating Materials on Storm-Water Quality: Review and Experimental Study." Journal of Environmental Engineering 139, no. 5 (May 2013): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000662.
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Kettle, Anthony James. "Storm Xaver over Europe in December 2013: Overview of energy impacts and North Sea events." Advances in Geosciences 54 (November 23, 2020): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-137-2020.
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Abstract. Storm Xaver on 5–6 December 2013 was a serious winter storm in northern Europe with important impacts on societal and energy infrastructure. The storm's low pressure centre passed eastward north of Scotland, across the North Sea and southern Scandinavia, and into the Baltic region. The trajectory resulted in strong northwest winds and a cold air outbreak southward across the North Sea. The resultant convection system was associated with powerful wind gusts and freezing precipitation that impacted the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The storm caused coastal flooding that was comparable with the most serious North Sea surge events of the 20th century. The primary impact for energy meteorology was a large scale electrical power loss in the northern part of the British Isles, Sweden, Poland, and parts of Germany. Petroleum production was reduced as offshore platforms were evacuated ahead of the storm. For wind energy, a number of onshore turbines were damaged by the gust field. Other societal impacts included travel and transport interruptions, building damage, forest damage, and coastal erosion. Because of the high water levels and sea state in the North Sea, the storm was important for offshore wind energy. The wind energy research tower FINO1 sustained unexpected damage during the storm, similar to previous wave strikes during Storm Britta (2006) and Storm Tilo (2007). A closer analysis is made of the tide gauge records across the North Sea to understand the progression of the storm surge and identify high amplitude, short-period features that may be linked to unusual seiches, meteotsunamis, or infragravity waves. Similar to previous storms, there is an indication that large infragravity waves during Storm Xaver may have had an impact on North Sea transport and energy infrastructure as well as coastal erosion. The review of information from different sources permits the met-ocean conditions and resultant societal/energy impacts to be related in time and space.
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Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., and H. S. Fleischer. "Feasible adaptation strategies for increased risk of flooding in cities due to climate change." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.298.
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Northern Europe is one of the regions where more frequent and more severe storms and storm surges are expected due to climatic changes. In order to maintain an acceptable risk of flooding suitable adaptation strategies must be defined and implemented. Optimum solutions demand collaboration of different professionals and thus simple graphical means must be employed to illustrate the economic impacts of the change in risk of flooding. A case study indicates that urban drainage infrastructure capacity should be upgraded while there is currently no economic incentive to improve protection against sea surges.
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Allen, Thomas R., Thomas Crawford, Burrell Montz, Jessica Whitehead, Susan Lovelace, Armon D. Hanks, Ariel R. Christensen, and Gregory D. Kearney. "Linking Water Infrastructure, Public Health, and Sea Level Rise: Integrated Assessment of Flood Resilience in Coastal Cities." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 1 (September 29, 2018): 110–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18798380.
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Coastal community water infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to climate-sensitive coastal hazards. Tides, storm surges, rainfall, and salt intrusion affect infrastructure and human health. In case studies of Charleston, South Carolina, and Morehead City, North Carolina, USA, this project sought to advance risk assessment of urban water and wastewater infrastructure and identify linkages to human health impacts as risk evolves with sea level rise. The methodology integrates community infrastructure, health care, emergency resources, geospatial simulation, and a tabletop exercise with planners, emergency managers, public utilities, and health care providers. Resilience is assessed by community participants using interactive online maps, susceptibility indices, and a resilience matrix. Results highlight differential vulnerability, population susceptibility, and elevation uncertainty. We observe similar trends of increasing magnitude, frequency, and impact of flood events on water infrastructure and public health as sea level rises. Implications for tackling challenges across sectors are highlighted for improving coastal resilience.
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Gaber, Nadia. "Blue lines and blues infrastructures: Notes on water, race, and space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 6 (December 2021): 1073–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758211065451.
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In Detroit, Michigan, the urban poor fear they are being displaced and replaced by water. As part of the city’s recent redevelopment efforts, planners have proposed creating green and blue infrastructure zones to manage urban flooding and mitigate the volume of overflow storm and sewer waters that pollute the Great Lakes each year. The areas slated for these water retention zones are the same marginal neighborhoods where Black residents face frequent foreclosures due to water debts and mass shutoffs from water and sewer services. This paper explores how water materializes and mediates uneven landscapes of livability, as well as new modes of living in common among those excluded from the urban commons. I introduce the concepts of “bluelining” and “blues infrastructures” in order to think through the contested assemblages of water, race, and space at the margins of urban life.
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Motasim, Hanaa. "[Re]covering Jeddah’s Wadis – Building the City’s Resilience through Green Infrastructure." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p228.
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Jeddah, Saudi Arabia’s largest coastal city, is positioned between two prominent natural features: the mountain range on its eastern side and the Red Sea on its west. The city faces many challenges central to which is storm water drainage. The natural drainage of the city through its pre-existing wadis, bringing down the rain water from the steep mountain ranges through the low inclining coastal plane and into the sea, has been interrupted in the last few decades by massive road infrastructural projects cutting through the city and interrupting the natural flow. The outcome of these interventions has been excessive flooding calamities, of which the ones in 2009 and 2011 were the most extreme, causing severe damage to infrastructure, property and lives.In light of climate change the intensity of flash floods is expected to increase, placing enormous stress on the city. To control the floods the city has pushed forward heavily engineered solutions, canalizing the rich network of wadis, almost 80 in number, into 4 major concrete channels that discharge the rain water accumulated in the mountains directly into the sea. This solution, which has been prohibitive in cost, has robbed the city of any potential of utilizing the precious supply of rain water. This paper explores the potential of recovering Jeddah’s wadis and creating green corridors across the city. As opposed to engineered solutions which address singular problematics, green infrastructures could provide numerous benefits to the city and the region as a whole.
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Moglen, Glenn E., and Geil E. Rios Vidal. "Climate Change and Storm Water Infrastructure in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Design Mismatch Coming?" Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 19, no. 11 (November 2014): 04014026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000967.
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Fry, Timothy, and Reed Maxwell. "Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model to Improve the Green Infrastructure Parameterization Used in a Lumped Model." Water 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121756.
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Stormwater represents a complex and dynamic component of the urban water cycle. Hydrologic models have been used to study pre- and post-development hydrology, including green infrastructure. However, many of these models are applied in urban environments with very little formal verification and/or benchmarking. Here we present the results of an intercomparison study between a distributed model (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis, GSSHA) and a lumped parameter model (the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model, EPA-SWMM) for an urban system. The distributed model scales to higher resolutions, allows for rainfall to be spatially and temporally variable, and solves the shallow water equations. The lumped model uses a non-linear reservoir method to determine runoff rates and volumes. Each model accounts for infiltration, initial abstraction losses, but solves the watershed flow equations in a different way. We use an urban case study with representation of green infrastructure to test the behavior of both models. Results from this case study show that when calibrated, the lumped model is able to represent green infrastructure for small storm events at lower implementation levels. However, as both storm intensity and amount of green infrastructure implementation increase, the lumped model diverges from the distributed model, overpredicting the benefits of green infrastructure on the system. We performed benchmark test cases to evaluate and understand key processes within each model. The results show similarities between the models for the standard cases for simple infiltration. However, as the domain increased in complexity the lumped model diverged from the distributed model. This indicates differences in how the models represent the physical processes and numerical solution approaches used between each. When the distributed model results were used to modify the representation of impermeable surface connections within the lumped model, the results were improved. These results demonstrate how complex, distributed models can be used to improve the formulation of lumped models.
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Montreuil, A. L., M. Chen, A. Esquerré, R. Houthuys, R. Moelans, and P. Bogaert. "PRE- and POST-STORM LiDAR SURVEYS FOR ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON COASTAL EROSION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 21, 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-261-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Sustainable management of the coastal resources requires a better understanding of the processes that drive coastline change. The coastline is a highly dynamic sea-terrestrial interface. It is affected by forcing factors such as water levels, waves, winds, and the highest and most severe changes occur during storm surges. Extreme storms are drivers responsible for rapid and sometimes dramatic changes of the coastline. The consequences of the impacts from these events entail a broad range of social, economic and natural resource considerations from threats to humans, infrastructure and habitats. This study investigates the impact of a severe storm on coastline response on a sandy multi-barred beach at the Belgian coast. Airborne LiDAR surveys acquired pre- and post-storm covering an area larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> were analyzed and reproducible monitoring solutions adapted to assess beach morphological changes were applied. Results indicated that the coast retreated by a maximum of 14.7 m where the embryo dunes in front of the fixed dunes were vanished and the foredune undercut. Storm surge and wave attacks were probably the most energetic there. However, the response of the coastline proxies associated with the mean high water line (MHW) and dunetoe (DuneT) was spatially variable. Based on the extracted beach features, good correlations (r>0.73) were found between coastline, berm and inner intertidal bar morphology, while it was weak with the most seaward bars covered in the surveys. This highlights the role of the upper features on the beach to protect the coastline from storm erosion by reducing wave energy. The findings are of critical importance in improving our knowledge and forecasting of coastline response to storms, and also in its translation into management practices.</p>
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Hawkins, Timothy W., Isabelle Gouirand, Theodore Allen, and Ali Belmadani. "Atmospheric Drivers of Oceanic North Swells in the Eastern Caribbean." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020183.
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Large wintertime ocean swells in the Caribbean, known as north swells, generate high surf and expose communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure to hazardous conditions. Empirical orthogonal functions and cluster analyses using ERA5 reanalysis swell data are performed to characterize north swells in the eastern Caribbean and to establish a ranked list of historical events. ERA5 atmospheric and swell data are used to create basin-scale sea-level pressure, surface wind and swell composites for north swell events of different magnitudes. Additionally, storm events are identified in the mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean. North swells are predominantly generated by storms that intensify off the North American east coast. However, there is a subset of moderately sized swells associated with a westward-located high-pressure system in the North Atlantic. While lower sea-level pressure and stronger surface winds are important for generating larger swells, the location of the low-pressure center and storm track as well the zonal speed of the storm are critical in the development of large eastern Caribbean north swells. The largest such events are associated with storms located comparatively further southeast, with a more zonal trajectory, and slower zonal speed. Large storms located further northwest, with a more southwest to northeast trajectory, and faster zonal speeds are associated with weaker north swells or in many cases, no significant north swell in the eastern Caribbean.
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Deepak Juneja and Aditya Rana. "Economical, Efficient and Optimum Design of Storm Water Harvester." GIS Business 15, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i2.18905.
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In most parts of India, water table is getting lowered. The problem is more predominant in dense cities. Some cities have become dependent on potable water supply. Due to paving of roads and construction of buildings, Infiltration has reduced and run off has increased. Run off increases when the rainfall is intense and with increased road and building infrastructure. Further there is huge withdrawal of water to meet the demand for growing population. Sowing of paddy to increase the returns from farming adds to the problem. Paddy needs 150cm of water from sowing to harvesting. It is not the natural crop of this region. Part of this water demand is met by monsoon and the rest by pumping out of water. There is huge and rapid withdrawal of water from tube wells to keep the crops inundated in water. This causes the drawdown or lowering of water table. In the last two decades water has been receding at the rate of 50-100cm per year. After concerns of water harvesting were raised, the rate of decline has receded. Since we cannot do much about reducing water demand, the solution lies in water harvesting and recycling waste water. Roof top water harvesting is easy and has no challenges. Storm water harvesting is challenging and daunting task. The harvesters get clogged and may not be operational for long time. Optimum solution has been found for filter material to be used, and design of harvester.
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Bieniek, Peter A., Li Erikson, and Jeremy Kasper. "Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Extreme High Water Level Events at Foggy Island Bay, Alaska." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111791.
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The northern coast of Alaska is experiencing significant climatic change enhancing hazards from reduced sea ice and increased coastal erosion. This same region is home to offshore oil/gas activities. Foggy Island Bay is one region along the Beaufort Sea coast with planned offshore oil/gas development that will need to account for the changing climate. High water levels impact infrastructure through coastal erosion and flooding hazards. In this study, 21 high water level events exceeding the top 95th percentile were identified at the gauge in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (adjacent to Foggy Island Bay) over 1990–2018. All 21 events, and many non-extreme days with elevated water levels, were associated with strong westerly winds according to station records. Storm systems were generally found to be a key driver of westerly winds in the region according to downscaled reanalysis and storm track data. A dynamically downscaled global climate model projection from CMIP5 indicated that days with westerly wind events may become more frequent as storms strengthen and have longer durations by 2100 in the Foggy Island Bay region. Coupled with the anticipated continued decline in sea ice, the northern coast of Alaska may experience more frequent high water events over the next ~80 years.
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Tu, Min-cheng, Joshua Caplan, Sasha Eisenman, and Bridget Wadzuk. "When Green Infrastructure Turns Grey: Plant Water Stress as a Consequence of Overdesign in a Tree Trench System." Water 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020573.
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Green infrastructure (GI) systems are often overdesigned. This may be a byproduct of static sizing (e.g., accounting for a design storm’s runoff volume but not exfiltration rates) or may be deliberate (e.g., buffering against performance loss through time). In tree trenches and other GI systems that require stormwater to accumulate in an infiltration bed before it contacts the planting medium, overdesign could reduce plant water availability significantly. This study investigated the hydrological dynamics and water relations of an overdesigned tree trench system and identified factors contributing to, compounding, and mitigating the risk of plant stress. Water in the infiltration bed reached soil pits only once in three years, with that event occurring during a hydrant release. Moreover, minimal water was retained in soil pits during the event due to the hydraulic properties of the soil media. Through a growing season, one of the two tree types frequently experienced water stress, while the other did so only rarely. These contrasting responses can likely be attributed to roots being largely confined to the soil pits vs. reaching a deeper water source, respectively. Results of this study demonstrate that, in systems where soil pits are embedded in infiltration beds, overdesign can raise the storm size required for water to reach the soil media, reducing plant water availability between storms, and ultimately inducing physiological stress.
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Hatcher, Scott V., and Donald L. Forbes. "Exposure to Coastal Hazards in a Rapidly Expanding Northern Urban Centre, Iqaluit, Nunavut." ARCTIC 68, no. 4 (December 3, 2015): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4526.
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The City of Iqaluit, Nunavut, is an expanding urban centre with important infrastructure located in the coastal zone. This study investigates the exposure of this infrastructure to coastal hazards (rising mean sea level, extreme water levels, wave run-up, and sea ice). Using a coastal digital elevation model, we evaluate the inundation and flooding that may result from projected sea level rise. Some public and private infrastructure is already subject to flooding during extreme high water events. Using a near upper-limit scenario of 0.7 m for relative sea level rise from 2010 to 2100, we estimate that critical infrastructure will have a remaining freeboard of 0.3–0.8 m above high spring tide, and some subsistence infrastructure will be inundated. The large tidal range, limited over-water fetch, and wide intertidal flats reduce the risk of wave impacts. When present, the shorefast ice foot provides protection for coastal infrastructure. The ice-free season has expanded by 1.0–1.5 days per year since 1979, increasing the opportunity for storm-wave generation and thus exposure to wave run-up. Overtopping of critical infrastructure and displacement by flooding of subsistence infrastructure are potential issues requiring better projections of relative sea level change and extreme high water levels. These results can inform decisions on adaptation, providing measurable limits for safe development.
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Kearns, Randy D., Mark S. Wigal, Antonio Fernandez, March A. Tucker, Ginger R. Zuidgeest, Michael R. Mills, Bruce A. Cairns, and Charles B. Cairns. "The 2012 Derecho: Emergency Medical Services and Hospital Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 18, 2014): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001034.
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AbstractDuring the early afternoon of June 29, 2012, a line of destructive thunderstorms producing straight line winds known as a derecho developed near Chicago (Illinois, USA). The storm moved southeast with wind speeds recorded from 100 to 160 kilometers per hour (kph, 60 to 100 miles per hour [mph]). The storm swept across much of West Virginia (USA) later that evening. Power outage was substantial as an estimated 1,300,000 West Virginians (more than half) were without power in the aftermath of the storm and approximately 600,000 citizens were still without power a week later. This was one of the worst storms to strike this area and occurred as residents were enduring a prolonged heat wave. The wind damage left much of the community without electricity and the crippling effect compromised or destroyed critical infrastructure including communications, air conditioning, refrigeration, and water and sewer pumps. This report describes utilization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and hospital resources in West Virginia in response to the storm. Also reported is a review of the weather phenomena and the findings and discussion of the disaster and implications.KearnsRD, WigalMS, FernandezA, TuckerMAJr, ZuidgeestGR, MillsMR, CairnsBA, CairnsCB. The 2012 derecho: Emergency Medical Services and hospital response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-4.
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Toride, Kinya, Yoshihiko Iseri, Michael D. Warner, Chris D. Frans, Angela M. Duren, John F. England, and M. Levent Kavvas. "Model-Based Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation: How to Estimate the Worst-Case Scenario Induced by Atmospheric Rivers?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0039.1.
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Abstract The concept of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is widely used for the design and risk assessment of water resource infrastructure. Despite its importance, past attempts to estimate PMP have not investigated the realism of design maximum storms from a meteorological perspective. This study investigates estimating PMP with realistically maximized storms in a Pacific Northwest region dominated by atmospheric rivers (ARs) using numerical weather models (NWMs). The moisture maximization and storm transposition methods used in NWM-based PMP estimates are examined. We use integrated water vapor transport as a criterion to modify water vapor only at the modeling boundary crossing the path of ARs, whereas existing methods maximize relative humidity at all initial/boundary conditions. It is found that saturation of the entire modeling boundaries can produce unrealistic atmospheric conditions and does not necessarily maximize precipitation over a watershed due to storm structure, stability, and topography. The proposed method creates more realistic atmospheric fields and more severe precipitation. The simultaneous optimization of moisture content and location of storms is also considered to rigorously estimate the most extreme precipitation. Among the 20 most severe storms during 1980–2016, the AR event during 5–9 February 1996 produces the largest 72-h basin-average precipitation when maximized with our method (defined as PMP of this study), in which precipitation is intensified by 1.9 times with a 0.7° shift south and a 30% increase in AR moisture. The 24-, 48-, and 72-h PMP estimates are found to be at least 70 mm lower than the Hydrometeorological Reports estimates regardless of duration.
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Abduljaleel, Yasir, and Yonas Demissie. "Evaluation and Optimization of Low Impact Development Designs for Sustainable Stormwater Management in a Changing Climate." Water 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202889.
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The increasing intensity and frequency of extreme storms pose a growing challenge to stormwater management in highly urbanized areas. Without an adequate and appropriate stormwater system, the storms and associated floods will continue to cause significant damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Low Impact Development (LID) has become an emerging alternative to the traditional stormwater system for stormwater management. This study evaluates and optimizes applications of different combinations of LIDs to minimize flows from a catchment under past and future storm conditions. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), forced by observed and downscaled precipitation from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), was used to simulate the runoff and apply the LIDs in the Renton City, WA. The final results show that the performance of LIDs in reducing total runoff volume varies with the types and combinations of LIDs utilized. A 30% to 75% runoff reduction was achieved for the past and future 50 year and 100 year storms. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of LID combinations with conventional stormwater systems to manage the future runoff in the study area, which is expected to increase by 26.3% in 2050.
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Angelica Deeb, Maria. "Low Impact Development and Transportation in the City of Mesa, AZ." Journal of Geography and Geology 7, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v7n4p65.
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The Cities of Mesa and Glendale, with a grant from the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona (WIFA), partnered and developed a Low Impact Development (LID) Toolkit. This toolkit is a 100 page document that responds to the need to better manage the storm water runoff and reduce the need for very expensive expansion of drainage infrastructure. The solution to this problem justifies the need to use LID in Mesa. In 2014 the City of Mesa experienced flooding which affected many. Although LID solutions was considered at the time of this flooding event, it became a priority to identify potential solutions. The LID toolkit responded to this and is intended to minimize the harmful impacts of flooding by setting best practices related to the management of the rainfall-runoff process. The LID toolkit identifies and lists best storm-water City of Mesa management practices and national and regional LID best practices. This list and publication is intended to encourage City and private planners, designers and residents alike towards the practice of more sustainable design. The article presents the history of LID design and discusses the benefits of using LID tools.
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Yang, Yang, and Ting Fong May Chui. "Incorporating External Green Infrastructure Models into Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Simulations Using Interface Files." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 56, no. 6 (October 15, 2020): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12883.
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Alegre, H., R. Amaral, R. S. Brito, and J. M. Baptista. "Public policies as strategic asset management enablers: the case of Portugal." H2Open Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2020.052.
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Abstract Urban water supply, wastewater and storm water services (globally, water services) are essential to society. The lack of permanent, safe, and respondent services has inevitable consequences on public health and the well-being of communities, on the economy, and on the environment. Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes this; failing to meet it necessarily affects the accomplishment of many of the other SDGs. Water services’ provision depends on expensive and long-lasting physical assets. Managing them strategically (e.g., according to the international standards on asset management, series ISO 55x and to the IWA recommendations on infrastructure asset management) is, therefore, fundamental for sustainable societies. Countries need to have sound public policies that enable asset management of water infrastructure. Portugal is a paradigmatic case. This paper elaborates on key government goals, on why asset management is important to meet them, and on key building blocks that a coherent public policy should consider in order to enable asset management of water infrastructure. It also presents how Portugal has been implementing this process, addressing the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Castellanos, Sergio, Jerry Potts, Helena Tiedmann, Sarah Alverson, Yael R. Glazer, Andrew Robison, Suzanne Russo, et al. "A synthesis and review of exacerbated inequities from the February 2021 winter storm (Uri) in Texas and the risks moving forward." Progress in Energy 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/aca9b4.
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Abstract A severe winter storm in February 2021 impacted multiple infrastructure systems in Texas, leaving over 13 million people without electricity and/or water, potentially $100 billion in economic damages, and almost 250 lives lost. While the entire state was impacted by temperatures up to 10 °C colder than expected for this time of year, as well as levels of snow and ice accumulation not observed in decades, the responses and outcomes from communities were inconsistent and exacerbated prevailing social and infrastructure inequities that are still impacting those communities. In this contribution, we synthesize a subset of multiple documented inequities stemming from the interdependence of the water, housing, transportation, and communication sectors with the energy sector, and present a summary of actions to address the interdependency of infrastructure system inequities.
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Jafari, Navid H., Qin Chen, and Jack Cadigan. "RAPID DEPLOYMENT AND POST-STORM RECONNAISSANCE OF HURRICANE LAURA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.60.
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Hurricane Laura made landfall on the southwest Louisiana coast near Cameron, LA on August 26th. As Laura approached the Louisiana coast, the Coastal Emergency Risks Assessment predicted a storm surge of approximately 5.2 m (17 ft), which marked the strongest surge to impact southwest Louisiana since the catastrophic Hurricane Rita in 2005. As a result, a team led by LSU and NEU mobilized to deploy surge and wave sensors and collect drone imagery at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge and Cameron, LA on August 25th before the arrival of tropical storm winds. Rockefeller Refuge was selected to measure the capacity of wetlands and breakwaters to attenuate hurricane surge and waves, and pressure sensors were strategically placed at locations of civil infrastructure at Cameron to capture hurricane-induced overland flow (see Fig. 1). After the surge water receded, LSU retrieved the sensors, collected RTK elevation transects and multispectral drone imagery, and surveyed infrastructure damage along the southwest corridor of Louisiana, following the Highway 82 from Abbeville to Cameron.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/IevnFZ2YVfI
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McLeod, George M., Thomas R. Allen, and Joshua G. Behr. "Geospatial Risk Assessment of Marine Terminal Infrastructure to Storm Surge Inundation and Sea Level Rise." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 11 (May 11, 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774234.
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Planning resiliency and sustainability of port operations and critical infrastructure requires risk assessment of storm surge exposure and potential sea level rise. An approach for rapid, screening-level assessment is developed to estimate the current and future risk of exposure to severe storm surges posed to marine terminal facilities in Norfolk, Virginia. The approach estimates the vertical elevation of local mean sea level fifty years into the future and attendant increases in potential storm surge heights. Inundation models are designed for baseline water levels and storm surges for category 1–3 hurricanes across five precautionary future sea level rise scenarios. In addition, tidal flooding poses an emerging threat because sea level rise will also force tides to higher elevations, suggesting that today’s extreme high tides may be the future mean high tide and today’s “nuisance” tidal flooding may in the future recur with chronic regularity. Potential tidal flooding levels are also modeled for each sea level scenario. This approach allows a port to assess relative risk tolerance across the range from lesser to more severe flooding events. Maps and tabular information in linked scenarios are used to summarize the extent, pattern, and depth of potential flooding. The methodology and data developed in this study may be applied to inform the timing and placement of planned assets and can be leveraged in the broader pursuit of optimization in support of long-term master planning at marine terminals.
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He, Lei, Guosheng Li, Kuo Li, Yue Zhang, and Tengjiao Guo. "Damage of extreme water levels and the adaptation cost of dikes in the Pearl River Delta." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.246.
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Abstract Many of the world's largest coastal cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme events due to their growing populations and infrastructure, the changing climate, and subsidence. This paper assessed the economic impacts of extreme climatic events including sea-level rise and storm surge risk and the benefits of the adaptation strategies in the Pearl River Delta, a lowing-lying area located in southern China. An economic benefit–cost model was established for the estimation of the impacts and benefits. The damage of the extreme events was calculated using the damage rate modeled from the historic disaster database, and then the difference between the damage and the cost of heightening dikes was investigated under different scenarios. The results showed that the damage rate and storm surge level were positively related. The adaptation strategies benefited when the dike was heightened by 1.43–12.67 m, with the optimum reached at 5.15 m, and the dike did not exceed 12.67 m. The maximum benefits were obtained when the dike was designed to defend a 20-year return period storm surge in 2100, and the minimum when the dike is heightened to defend a 100-year return period storm surge in 2100.