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Michaelis, Allison C., and Gary M. Lackmann. "Numerical modeling of a historic storm: Simulating the Blizzard of 1888." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 15 (August 1, 2013): 4092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50750.
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Landshuter, Stephan. "Lars Korten: Poietischer Realismus. Zur Novelle der Jahre 1848–1888. Stifter, Keller, Meyer, Storm. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 2009." Jahrbuch der Raabe-Gesellschaft 52, no. 2011 (September 15, 2011): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110236705.197.
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Skare, Nils Goran. "Alegoria e Contraponto na Tradução de Theodor Storm por Mauricio Cardozo." Anagrama 4, no. 4 (April 19, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-1689.anagrama.2011.35546.
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O tradutor e teórico da tradução Mauricio Mendonça Cardozo trouxe à luz em 2006 uma dupla tradução da novela do alemão Thedoro Storm, Der Schimmelreiter (1888). A primeira é entitulada A Assombrosa História do Homem do Cavalo Branco e a segunda se chama O Centauro Bronco: a primeira se passa na Alemanha em meio aos diques, e a segunda no sertão brasileiro em meio à estiagem e açudes. Defendendo que essas duas versões não são simples adaptações, analisamos essas recriações portadores de uma mesma voz que profere/profetiza, fenômeno que determinamos a partir de elementos semióticos da obra de Jacques Lacan envolvendo o significante-fálico e o significante-mestre na delimitação de um ritmo. Em nossa análise, descobrimos que a alegoria é o impulso da tradução
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Al-Abboodi, Muntassir Abdulkadim N. "Focalization of the theme of trouble in Anton Chekhov's works of the second half of the 1880s: “Woe” (1885), “Other People's Misfortune” (1886), “In Trouble” (1886) and “In Trouble” (1887)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 482 (2023): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/5.
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Chekhov wrote four different stories that share the theme of woe and misfortune. Words denoting the theme are present in the titles of these stories, and the plots are built around it. The first story, “Woe”, was written in 1885. The second and third stories, “Other People's Misfortune” and “In Trouble”, were written in 1886. The fourth story, “In Trouble”, was written in 1887. A comparative analysis of these four stories is done for the first time. The relevance of the study lies in the novelty of the study of “trouble” in Chekhov's works. The phenomenon of trouble is widespread in the writer's works, and it has several peculiarities. This article analyses “Chekhovian misfortune” and aims to determine its unique features. The key research method is comparative analysis, which helps indicate the differences and similarities of Chekhov's misfortunes in the four stories, it helps us to better understand Chekhov's philosophy as a writer and as a psychologist. The course of the study is first studying the four stories, then conducting their analysis, and comparing them based on the results of the analysis. This study explores the creation of these stories and compares them to each other. Despite the differences in the plots of these works, common themes and motifs still can be traced. The phenomenon of disaster for Chekhov is a fundamental plot. Chekhov pays great attention to creating a unique, Chekhovian misfortune in the story “In Trouble” in 1887. This story was written after “In Trouble” in 1886, the “trouble” motif of which did not leave the writer satisfied. Chekhov unravels his thoughts of human misfortunes in distinctive context. One of the main features of Chekhovian misfortune is that the writer swiftly gets straight to the point, lets the reader see the character's misfortune and immerse into it. However, the real Chekhovian misfortune is how people treat the ones facing it. It is evident in “Other People's Misfortune”, through which the writer is trying to share his ideas about the fundamental human issues, his outlook on ethics and empathy. These problems are scrutinized in all four of the novels that are being analysed in this work. Combined together they, represent the Chekhovian problem of human relations, which in his writings often leads characters to feeling complete indifference to everything in life. The four different works are united by the moral social problem described in them. The problem consists in the lack of desire for understanding others. Grief or misfortune are not really true misfortunes for Chekhov, especially if they end happily, like in “In Trouble” (1886), but, despite the good ending, the story still has its title. Randomness or inattention to the main or secondary things in life, indifference or aimlessness of the plot gives Chekhov a position of neutrality. Chekhov does not want to evaluate and define trouble (misfortune, woe), since he alone will not be able to persuade the whole humanity of what real trouble is. So, he tried to be as as neutral as possible in relation to his characters, entrusting the reader with the task of evaluating.
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Найма Аль-Аббуди, Мунтассир Абдулкадим. "The theme of fear in A. P. Chekhov’s works in the 1880s – early 1890s: typology of the author’s position." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(234) (July 18, 2024): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2024-4-120-127.
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Страх как один из важнейших концептов человеческой культуры интенсивно и разнообразно описывается в мировой художественной литературе. А. П. Чехов на протяжении всего творчества неоднократно обращался к проблематике человеческих страхов. Показательно, что им написан ряд произведений, в которых существительное «страх» вынесено в название, причем это преимущественно рассказы раннего периода творчества, традиционно датирующийся 1880–1887 гг.: «Тысяча одна страсть, или Страшная ночь» (1880), «Страшная ночь» (1884), «Страхи» (1886). При этом в указанный период создаются и другие произведения, в которых чувство страха, опасности является основой всего повествования, например, «На большой дороге» (1884), «Ночь на кладбище (Святочный рассказ)» (1886). Наконец, рассказ «Страх» (1892) становится кульминацией чеховской проблематики страха жизни. Целью работы стало выявление и описание типологии авторской позиции по отношению к теме страха в творчестве Чехова 1880-х – начала 1890-х гг. Основным материалом являются произведения Чехова раннего периода творчества – 1880–1887 гг., посвященные теме страха, а также рассказ «Страх» начала 1890-х гг. и эпистолярий писателя. Использован метод сопоставительного анализа, системный и нарратологический подходы к художественным произведениям и анализ творчества Чехова в русле позиционного стиля. Сопоставительный анализ чеховских произведений «Тысяча одна страсть, или Страшная ночь», «Страшная ночь», «На большой дороге», «Ночь на кладбище (Святочный рассказ)», «Страхи», «Страх» позволил выявить общее «резонантное» пространство в наследии писателя, посвященное теме страха, что позволяет поставить вопрос о единой авторской позиции по отношению к указанной теме в русле позиционного стиля Чехова. Ранние рассказы «Тысяча одна страсть, или Страшная ночь» и «Страшная ночь» определяются юмористическим подходом к «страшному», однако уже в 1884 г. в драме малой формы «На большой дороге» страх получает драматическое воплощение. Важным в развитии темы страха является 1886 г.: с одной стороны, в рассказе «Ночь на кладбище» Чехов возвращается к юмористическому изображению страха, с другой стороны, в рассказе «Страхи» эта тема обретает экзистенциальные смыслы, которые в рассказе 1892 г. «Страх» вырастают до представления о том, что экзистенциальный страх в человеческой жизни тотален. Рассмотрение произведений Чехова 1880-х – начала 1890-х гг. с точки зрения позиционного стиля позволило увидеть в них типологию авторской позиции по отношению к человеческому страху. Произведения, объединенные этой проблематикой, обладают сходными художественными особенностями: это мотив ночи, мотив непогоды, внутренняя фокализация, обусловленная тем, что повествование организовано от первого лица. Но в целом в этих произведениях выявлена типология изображения чувства страха: авторская позиция по отношению к этой теме определяется юмористическим, драматическим и экзистенциальным подходами. Fear as one of the key basic concepts of culture has repeatedly become the object of researches by Russian and foreign scientists. A.P. Chekhov, throughout his work, repeatedly addressed the problem of human fears. Let us also pay attention to the fact that in the works of A. P. Chekhov there are more than one work with the word “fear” in the title: these are the stories ‘A Thousand and One Passions, A Scary Night’ (1880), ‘A Terrible Night’ (1884), ‘Panic Fears’ (1886), and ‘Terror’ (1892). As we can see, the writer repeatedly came back to the problem of fear and how fear affects people throughout his whole life. In these stories, “fear” is the basis of the entire narrative, this feeling, starting with the title, is embodied at the compositional and metaphorical levels of the text. At the same time, other works were created during this period, in which the feeling of fear and danger is the basis of the entire narrative, for example, ‘On the High Road’ (1884), ‘Night in the Cemetery (Christmas Story)’ (1886). Finally, the story ‘Terror’ (1892) becomes the culmination of Chekhov’s fear of life. The aim is to identify and describe the typology of the author’s position in relation to the theme of fear in the work of A. P. Chekhov in the 1880s and early 1890s. The main material is Chekhov’s works of the early period of creativity in 1880–1887, dedicated to the theme of fear, as well as the story ‘Fear’ (1892) and the writer’s epistolary. The method of comparative analysis, systemic and narratological approaches to works of art and methodological scientific problems of positional style are used. A comparative analysis of Chekhov’s works ‘A Thousand and One Passions, A Scary Night’ (1880), ‘A Terrible Night’ (1884), ‘On the High Road’ (1884), ‘Night in the Cemetery (Christmas Story)’ (1886), ‘Panic Fears’ (1886), and ‘Terror’ (1892) made it possible to identify a common “resonant” space in the writer’s heritage, dedicated to the theme of fear, which allows us to raise the question of a single author’s position in relation to this topic in line with the scientific problems of Chekhov’s positional style. The early stories ‘A Thousand and One Passions, A Scary Night and ‘A Terrible Night’ are determined by a humorous approach to the “terrible”, but already in 1884, in the small-form drama ‘On the High Road’, fear receives a dramatic embodiment. Important in the development of the theme of fear in 1886 is on the one hand, in the story ‘Night in the Cemetery’ Chekhov returns to the humorous depiction of fear, on the other hand, in the story ‘Panic Fears’ this theme acquires existential meanings, which in the story of 1892 ‘Terror’ grow to the notion that existential fear in human life is total. The methodological approach in terms of Chekhov’s positional style made it possible to identify in his works of the 1880s and early 1890s the typology of the author’s position in relation to human fear. The works united by this problem have similar artistic features: this is the motif of the night, bad weather, internal focalization, due to the fact that the narration is organized in the first person. But in general, in these works, a typology of depicting a feeling of fear is revealed: the author’s position in relation to this topic is determined by humorous, dramatic and existential approaches.
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Hughes, Linda K. "A Few Words More about Victorian Women Writers and Germany: George Eliot and Amy Levy." George Eliot - George Henry Lewes Studies 75, no. 1 (November 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/georelioghlstud.75.1.0001.
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Abstract This article revisits the relation between George Eliot and Amy Levy (1861–89), a lesbian New Woman Jewish poet, novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. Levy’s most familiar response to Eliot is a scene in Reuben Sachs (1889), Levy’s last novel, which mocks Eliot’s portrayal of Jewish characters in Daniel Deronda (1876). But Levy was an avowed admirer of Eliot in her early life and alluded to Eliot positively in the short story “Between Two Stools” (1883). In considering Eliot’s potential legacy for Levy, this article examines their shared representation of psychic experience in “The Lifted Veil” (1859) and “The Recent Telepathic Incident at the British Museum” (1887), their shared consideration of conflicts between women’s intellectual aspirations and domesticity in Armgart (1870) and “Xantippe” (1880), and their shared representations of persecution of the Roma in The Spanish Gypsy (1868) and “Run to Death” (1879).
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Harrison, Jennifer. "‘Pitchforking Irish Coercionists into Colonial Vacancies’: The Case of Sir Henry Blake and the Queensland Governorship." Queensland Review 20, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.16.
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During the year 1888 — the centenary of white settlement — Australia celebrated the jubilee of Queen Victoria together with the advent of electricity to light Tamworth, the first town in the Southern Hemisphere to receive that boon. In the north-eastern colony of Queensland, serious debates involving local administrators included membership of the Federal Council, the annexation of British New Guinea and the merits of a separation movement in the north. In this distant colony, events in Ireland — such as Belfast attaining city status or Oscar Wilde publishing The happy prince and other tales — had little immediate global impact. Nevertheless, minds were focused on Irish matters in October, when the scion of a well-established west Ireland family — a select member of the traditional Tribes of Galway, no less — was named as the new governor of Queensland. The administrators of the developing colony roundly challenged the imperial nominators, invoking a storm that incited strong opinions from responsible governments throughout Australia and around the world.
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Доманский, Валерий Анатольевич. "TURGENEV AND SIBERIAN JOURNALISM BEGINNING 1880S YEARS." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(216) (July 6, 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2021-4-131-139.
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Введение. Проведен анализ сибирских газет начала 1880-х гг., в которых имеются сведения о И. С. Тургеневе: иркутские газеты «Сибирь» (1873–1887), «Восточное обозрение» (1882–1906) и томские «Сибирская газета» (1881–1888), «Сибирский вестник» (1885–1905). Цель – выявление рецепции личности и творчества великого русского писателя сибирским образованным обществом и понимание его роли в духовной жизни Сибири и России. Материал и методы. Использовались биографический, историко-литературный, историко-функциональный, культурно-исторический и сравнительно-типологический методы. Материалом послужили сибирские и центральные периодические издания 1880-х гг. Результаты и обсуждение. Тургенев оказался знаковой фигурой для культурной жизни Сибири. Его произведения продавались в книжных магазинах Томска, Омска, Барнаула, Иркутска, находились во многих библиотеках Сибири. С появлением первых сибирских газет на их страницах печатались рецензии и материалы о творчестве и событиях жизни русского писателя. Наиболее часто его имя встречалось на страницах «Сибирской газеты». История любви члена редколлегии «Сибирской газеты» С. С. Синегуба была известна в среде революционеров-народников. Она нашла, по мнению автора статьи, свое отражение в разработке любовной интриги Нежданова, Марианны и Соломина (роман «Новь»). Негласным редактором газеты являлся Ф. В. Волховский, политический ссыльный, судимый по «процессу 193-х». В 1877 г. Тургенев не был лично знаком с Волховским, но активно общался с Г. А. Лопатиным, его приятелем и соратником по политической деятельности, и вместе с ним основал Русскую общественную библиотеку в Париже. Особое внимание уделено анализу материалов о И. С. Тургеневе на страницах иркутских и томских периодических изданий: это перепечатки и комментарии статей центральных газет о произведениях Тургенева, собственные рецензии и отзывы о писателе сибирских литераторов. Некоторые из них – Н. И. Наумов, И. В. Омулевский (и, возможно, Н. М. Ядринцев) – были лично знакомы с ним и присутствовали на встречах И. С. Тургенева с редакцией журнала «Слово» и «Русское богатство». Именно в мартовском номере радикального журнала «Слово» в 1881 г. впервые в России опубликовано знаменитое стихотворение Тургенева «Крокет в Виндзоре» (1876). Заключение. Сибирская общественность внимательно следила за творчеством Тургенева, в сибирских газетах печатались сведения о его болезни. После смерти писателя сообщалось о панихидах, которые проходили в ряде сибирских городов. Рассмотрены некрологи и посмертные статьи о Тургеневе, талантливо написанные редакторами «Восточного обозрения» и «Сибирской газеты». В них отмечалось большое значение творчества выдающегося русского писателя и его общественной деятельности для формирования гражданского самосознания сибиряков. Introduction. The analysis of Siberian newspapers of the early 1880s, which contains information about I. S. Turgenev: Irkutsk newspapers «Siberia» (1873–1887), «Eastern Review» (1882–1906) and Tomsk; Sibirskaya Gazeta (1881–1888), Sibirskiy Vestnik (1885–1905). The purpose of the study was to identify the reception of the personality and work of the great Russian writer by the Siberian educated society and an understanding of his role in the spiritual life of Siberia and Russia. Material and methods. In the course of its implementation, a system of methods was used: biographical, historicalliterary, historical-functional, cultural-historical and comparative-typological. Results and discussion. Turgenev turned out to be a significant figure for the cultural life of Siberia. His works were sold in bookstores in Tomsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Irkutsk, and were in many libraries in Siberia. With the appearance of the first Siberian newspapers, reviews and materials about the work and events of the life of the Russian writer were printed on their pages. Most often his name was found on the pages of the «Siberian newspaper». The love story of S. S. Sinegub was known among the populist revolutionaries. She found, in the opinion of the author of the article, its reflection in the development of the love affair of Nezhdanov, Marianna and Solomin (novel «Nov»). The secret editor of the newspaper was F. V. Volkhovsky, a political exile, tried in the socalled «trial of the 193s» in 1877 y. Turgenev was not personally acquainted with Volkhovsky, but actively communicated with G. A. Lopatin, his friend and associate in political activities, and together with him founded the Russian Public Library in Paris. Particular attention in the article is paid to the analysis of materials about Turgenev on the pages of Irkutsk and Tomsk periodicals: these are reprints and comments and articles of central newspapers about the works of Turgenev, their own reviews and reviews of the writer of Siberian writers. Some of them – N. I. Naumov, I. V. Omulevsky (and, possibly, N. M. Yadrintsev) – were personally acquainted with him and were present at Turgenev’s meetings with the editors of the magazine «Slovo» and «Russkoe Bogatstvo». It was in the March issue of the radical magazine «Slovo» in 1881 that Turgenev’s famous poem «Croquet in Windsor» (1876) was first published in Russia. Conclusion. The Siberian public closely followed the work of Turgenev, information about his illness was published in Siberian newspapers. After his death, it was reported about memorial services, which took place in a number of Siberian cities. The author of the article reviewed obituaries and posthumous articles about Turgenev, talentedly written by the editors of «Vostochny Obozreniye» and «Sibirskaya Gazeta». They noted the great importance of the work of the outstanding Russian writer and his social activities for the formation of civic consciousness of Siberians.
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MURPHY, KERRY. "Henri Kowalski (1841–1916) in the Antipodes and His Comic Opera Queen Venus." French Australian Review, no. 73 (December 15, 2023): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.62586/xzhh3780.
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French virtuoso pianist and composer Henri Kowalski visited Australia in 1880 and then returned in 1885 when he settled in Sydney for twelve years. In 1881 he wrote a comic opera, Queen Venus. with a libretto by Marcus Clarke. This paper traces the transformation of Queen Venus into a French fantaisie-bouffe called La Guerre aux hommes, ten years later. It reveals a story of unusual cultural entanglement across two countries.
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Ribeiro, Emilio Soares, and Lauro Maia Amorim. "El descentramiento de las identidades y el otro diferente: reflexiones postmodernas sobre la traducción inevitable." Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.26079.
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En la tradición moderna, el polo hegemónico establece un patrón normal, dicta un modo jerárquico. Como parte de este grupo privilegiado, el texto supuestamente “original” y su autor reciben un valor positivo, mientras que la traducción, el otro diferente, permanece en su cualidad de transparente. Las reflexiones posmodernas sobre las representaciones del otro en el texto traducido influenciaron movimientos que iban en contra de esta forma de imposición de patrones. En este trabajo, destacamos las obras de Derrida (1971, 1973 y 1978) en la ausencia de un significado trascendental; la discusión de Berman (2012) acerca de la relación entre identidad y traducción y la propuesta traductiva queer de Von Flotow (2013), con su poder performativo puede actuar en nombre del movimiento feminista. Al relacionar y contrastar puntos de vista, este artículo considera la diferencia como un aspecto inherente de la traducción. Adicionalmente habla del poder ideológico que ejerce la actividad traductiva en la construcción de identidades y la consolidación de diferencias en la reflexión posmoderna. Además, el artículo analiza la propuesta de la doble traducción al portugués hecha por Maurício Mendonça Cardozo de la novela alemana Der Shimmelreiter (1888) de Theodor Storm, y la forma en la que ésta dialoga con el tema de la identidad de la traducción y su relación con la diferencia.
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Molodiakov, V. E. "“LETTERS OF SEA CADET JEAN” AS A SOURCE ON TAIWAN HISTORY DURING SINO-FRENCH WAR OF 1884–1885." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 3 (13) (2020): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-3-181-189.
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Sino-French war of 1884–1885 on land and at sea was significant as the beginning of a new stage of active French colonial policy in the Far East. It was a continuation of the Second French-Vietnamese war of 1883–1886, more known as “Tonkin Campaign”. France wanted to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a protectorate there. Tonkin belonged to Chinese sphere of interest because of Hong (Red) river which connected China’s southern provinces with the sea as an important trade route. Armed Conflict between France and China became inevitable. Military operations of the Far East squadron under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet (1827–1885) become an important part of the campaign: Defeat of Chinese fleet in the Battle of Fuzhou, capture of Keelung, blockade of Taiwan’s ports, occupation of the Pescadores. This article for the first time introduces in the Russian language the “letters of sea cadet Jean” — letters from a sea cadet of Courbet’s squadron who depicted different episodes of the campaign, including landing and stay at Taiwan, relations with local authorities and population, Chinese and aborigines. For the first time the letters were published in 1890/91 in French and re-published with some notes in 2005; there is no translation into any foreign language so far. Written by a young seaman under a culture shock from a completely new and surprising world these letters are valuable for the sincerity of the story, freshness of the impressions and certain literary merits.
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Corfidi, Stephen F., Michael C. Coniglio, Ariel E. Cohen, and Corey M. Mead. "A Proposed Revision to the Definition of “Derecho”." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00254.1.
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Abstract The word “derecho” was first used by Gustavus Hinrichs in 1888 to distinguish the widespread damaging windstorms that occurred on occasion over the mid–Mississippi Valley region of the United States from damaging winds associated with tornadoes. The term soon fell into disuse, however, and did not appear in the literature until Robert Johns and William Hirt resurrected it in the mid-1980s. While the present definition of derecho served well during the early years of the term’s reintroduction to the meteorological community, it has several shortcomings. These have become more apparent in recent years as various studies shed light on the physical processes responsible for the production of widespread damaging winds. In particular, the current definition’s emphasis on the coverage of storm reports at the expense of identifying the convective structures and physical processes deemed responsible for the reports has led to the term being applied to wind events beyond those for which it originally was intended. The revised definition of a derecho proposed herein is intended to focus more specifically on those types of windstorms that are the most damaging and potentially life threatening because of their intensity, sustenance, and degree of organization. The proposal is not intended to be final or all encompassing, but rather an initial step toward ultimately realizing a more complete physically based taxonomy that also addresses other forms of damaging-wind-producing convective systems.
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Cerveny, Randall S., Pierre Bessemoulin, Christopher C. Burt, Mary Ann Cooper, Zhang Cunjie, Ashraf Dewan, Jonathan Finch, et al. "WMO Assessment of Weather and Climate Mortality Extremes: Lightning, Tropical Cyclones, Tornadoes, and Hail." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0120.1.
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Abstract A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology international panel was convened to examine and assess the available evidence associated with five weather-related mortality extremes: 1) lightning (indirect), 2) lightning (direct), 3) tropical cyclones, 4) tornadoes, and 5) hail. After recommending for acceptance of only events after 1873 (the formation of the predecessor of the WMO), the committee evaluated and accepted the following mortality extremes: 1) “highest mortality (indirect strike) associated with lightning” as the 469 people killed in a lightning-caused oil tank fire in Dronka, Egypt, on 2 November 1994; 2) “highest mortality directly associated with a single lightning flash” as the lightning flash that killed 21 people in a hut in Manica Tribal Trust Lands, Zimbabwe (at time of incident, eastern Rhodesia), on 23 December 1975; 3) “highest mortality associated with a tropical cyclone” as the Bangladesh (at time of incident, East Pakistan) cyclone of 12–13 November 1970 with an estimated death toll of 300 000 people; 4) “highest mortality associated with a tornado” as the 26 April 1989 tornado that destroyed the Manikganj district, Bangladesh, with an estimated death toll of 1300 individuals; and 5) “highest mortality associated with a hailstorm” as the storm occurring near Moradabad, India, on 30 April 1888 that killed 246 people. These mortality extremes serve to further atmospheric science by giving baseline mortality values for comparison to future weather-related catastrophes and also allow for adjudication of new meteorological information as it becomes available.
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Willis, D. M., P. R. Stevens, and S. R. Crothers. "Statistics of the largest geomagnetic storms per solar cycle (1844-1993)." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 6 (June 30, 1997): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0719-5.
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Abstract. A previous application of extreme-value statistics to the first, second and third largest geomagnetic storms per solar cycle for nine solar cycles is extended to fourteen solar cycles (1844–1993). The intensity of a geomagnetic storm is measured by the magnitude of the daily aa index, rather than the half-daily aa index used previously. Values of the conventional aa index (1868–1993), supplemented by the Helsinki Ak index (1844–1880), provide an almost continuous, and largely homogeneous, daily measure of geomagnetic activity over an interval of 150 years. As in the earlier investigation, analytic expressions giving the probabilities of the three greatest storms (extreme values) per solar cycle, as continuous functions of storm magnitude (aa), are obtained by least-squares fitting of the observations to the appropriate theoretical extreme-value probability functions. These expressions are used to obtain the statistical characteristics of the extreme values; namely, the mode, median, mean, standard deviation and relative dispersion. Since the Ak index may not provide an entirely homogeneous extension of the aa index, the statistical analysis is performed separately for twelve solar cycles (1868–1993), as well as nine solar cycles (1868–1967). The results are utilized to determine the expected ranges of the extreme values as a function of the number of solar cycles. For fourteen solar cycles, the expected ranges of the daily aa index for the first, second and third largest geomagnetic storms per solar cycle decrease monotonically in magnitude, contrary to the situation for the half-daily aa index over nine solar cycles. The observed range of the first extreme daily aa index for fourteen solar cycles is 159–352 nT and for twelve solar cycles is 215–352 nT. In a group of 100 solar cycles the expected ranges are expanded to 137–539 and 177–511 nT, which represent increases of 108% and 144% in the respective ranges. Thus there is at least a 99% probability that the daily aa index will satisfy the condition aa < 550 for the largest geomagnetic storm in the next 100 solar cycles. The statistical analysis is used to infer that remarkable conjugate auroral observations on the night of 16 September 1770, which were recorded during the first voyage of Captain Cook to Australia, occurred during an intense geomagnetic storm.
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Nevanlinna, H. "Results of the Helsinki magnetic observatory 1844-1912." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 5 (April 8, 2004): 1691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1691-2004.
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Abstract. The geomagnetic field declination (D) and horizontal component (H) were observed visually at the Helsinki magnetic observatory between 1844–1912. About 2.0 million single observations of the magnetic components are available. The observing equipment and observation methods were the same for almost 70 years. The Helsinki data series is thus rather homogeneous and suitable for magnetic field analysis of both internal and external origin for about five sunspot cycles (sunspot cycles 9–13). Due to disturbances from nearby electric tramway traffic, most of the observations after 1897 are very noisy and unreliable for magnetic activity studies. Observations of D (1844–1897) have been converted into an absolute scale but H refers to variation values only. Observations of D have been previously analyzed and published for the time interval 1844–1880. In this paper we present new results of D for 1881–1897 and H for 1844–1897. The annual rate of the secular variation of D has been rather stable between 1844–1909, showing a mean eastward increase of +0.11°/year, which is about twice as large as the mean secular variation rate for the past 50 years at the same latitude in Finland. Around 1875 there was a sudden change in the secular variation rate resembling the famous jerk of 1970. Magnetic activity indices (K, Ak) for 1844–1897 were calculated from hourly values of D- and D-series separately using the IAGA K-index algorithm (the FMI-method). Comparisons with other relevant activity series from other sources (aa, u, RI, C9, auroral occurrence rate) show that the Helsinki index series gives an important contribution to the index family. By extending the Mayaud's aa-index series with Helsinki Ak-values (1844–1868), it is possible to reconstruct a (pseudo) aa-series that covers almost 160 years. Magnetic activity (space weather) was appreciably greater during the first three cycles (9–11) than during the two last ones (12–13). The largest magnetic storm occurred in September 1859. Other stormy periods were in 1847, 1852, and 1870–1872. Mean magnetic activity remained exceptionally low in years 1875–1881 and 1887–1891. In an FFT-analysis of the activity index series, the solar cycle, annual, semiannual, solar rotation and half solar rotation spectral lines are well established.Key words. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (time variations, diurnal to secular) – History of geophysics (planetology) – Magnetospheric physics (solar wind-magnetosphere interactions)7
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Samsel, Karol. "The historiosophical project of Cyprian Norwid and August Cieszkowski." Tekstualia 1, no. 8 (September 15, 2022): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9906.
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This article investigates convergences between ideas introduced in the literature of Cyprian Norwid and the writer’s engagement with August Cieszkowski’s philosophical worldview. In numerous Norwid works from 1848 to 1883 – specifi cally the poem “Psalm of Psalms”, the drama “Zwolon”, the poem “Promethidion”, the short story “Civilization”, the poem “Assunta”, and prose works “Stigma”, and “Silence” – the poet provides a methodology for interacting with Cieszkowski’s historiosophy as the latter presented it in his powerful treatises. Throughout his literary career, Norwid engaged in dialogue with Cieszkowski’s theories of philosophical millenarism and of historiosophical holism. In his fi nal tract, “Silence”, however, he created his own revised and modernized theory of historiosophy (uniting him with Tadeusz Miciński and Marian Zdziechowski, twentieth-century creators of moral and metaphysical historiosophy). Finally, the short story “Stigma”, presumably written in 1881, can be recognized as Norwid’s valediction of anachronic philosophy in the nineteenth century.
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Siry, Joseph M. "Chicago's Auditorium Building: Opera or Anarchism." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 57, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991376.
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Adler and Sullivan's Auditorium Building in Chicago (1886-1890) is here analyzed in the context of Chicago's social history of the 1880s. Specifically, the building is seen as a capitalistic response to socialist and anarchist movements of the period. The Auditorium's principal patron, Ferdinand W. Peck, created a theater that was to give access to cultural and civic events for the city's workers, to draw them away from both politicized and nonpoliticized "low" urban entertainments. Adler and Sullivan's theater was to serve a mass audience, unlike opera houses of the period, which held multiple tiers of boxes for privileged patrons. This tradition was represented by the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City (1881-1883). Turning away from works like the Paris Opéra, Peck and his architects perhaps sought to emulate ideas of other European theaters of the period, such as Bayreuth's Festspielhaus (1872-1876). Sullivan's interior had an ornamental and iconographic program that was innovative relative to traditional opera houses. His design of the building's exterior was in a Romanesque style that recalled ancient Roman monuments. It is here compared with other Chicago buildings of its era that represented high capital's reaction to workers' culture, such as Burnham and Root's First Regiment Armory (1889-1891), Peck's own house (1887), and the Chicago Athenaeum (1890-1891). The Auditorium's story invites a view of the Chicago School that emphasizes the role of patrons' ideological agenda rather than modern structural expression.
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Sizova, Irina I. "To the History of the Text of L.N. Tolstoy’s Short Story “Two Old Men” (1885–1886): the First Publications of the Work." Studia Litterarum 7, no. 2 (2022): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2022-7-2-280-297.
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The article defines the features of the final stage in the history of the text of L.N. Tolstoy’s story “Two Old Men” (1885–1886), using the material of the first publications in “Mediator” (“Posrednik”) publishing house (1885–1886) and in the 12th part of “The Works of Count L.N. Tolstoy” (1886); and also clarifies the dating of the work. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that all the discrepancies between these editions were identified and systematized according to stylistic and semantic differences for the first time, which is presented in the “Appendix.” The author of the article characterizes both groups of variants of the 12th part of “The Works” as new fragments of the text that arose at the stage of publishing preparation, for which we had no evidences. The results of the research substantiate the directions of Tolstoy’s work on the story from october 1885 to the spring of 1886. The article shows how the author and editors (namely, S.A. Tolstaya and partly N.N. Strakhov) corrected verbal picturesqueness, figurative and expressive means of the work. The writer’s revision of the content constants of “Two Old Men” clarified the compositional antithesis of the main and secondary characters within the framework of the intersection of two themes in the plan of the work: pilgrimage to the holy land and famine in the village as a socioeconomic crisis.
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Wallace Adams, David. "Blood and Ice: Intimacy and Factionalism at Fort Defiance Indian Agency, 1887–1888." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 3 (2019): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz045.
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Abstract On a bitterly cold morning on November 19, 1887, six Navajo boys were walking across the school grounds at Fort Defiance Indian Agency when they came across a clot of blood containing a human fetus. A brief investigation by the agent pointed to the unmarried school matron as being the mother of the fetus, a finding that provoked a deep factional dispute among agency employees. Given the explosiveness of the situation, the commissioner of Indian affairs found cause to send an inspector to the remote agency to collect evidence and render a judgement as to whether any individuals were guilty of “undue intimacy.” More than a detective story, this essay utilizes the Fort Defiance story as a window for exploring the problems of agency factionalism and the challenges facing the Office of Indian Affairs in its efforts to monitor and regulate employee behavior in its colonial outposts.
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Murray, S., S. Money, A. Griffin, and P. Mitchell. "A survey of Leach’s Oceanodroma leucorhoa and European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus populations on North Rona and Sula Sgeir, Western Isles, Scotland." Seabird Journal, no. 21 (2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.22.32.
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Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa was first recorded breeding on North Rona in 1883 and on Sula Sgeir in 1939. European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus was first recorded on North Rona in 1885 and on Sula Sgeir in 1958. Since then, there have been attempts to estimate the population size of both species on North Rona but there is little information about their current status on Sula Sgeir. In 2001, systematic surveys of both species using tape playback were conducted for the first time on both islands. North Rona held 1,133 Apparently Occupied Sites (AOS) of Leach’s Storm- petrel but only 371 AOS of European Storm-petrel; numbers on Sula Sgeir were five and eight AOS respectively. The combined population of both North Rona and Sula Sgeir of Leach’s Storm-petrel and European Storm-petrel, comprise 2.3% and 1.4% respectively, of the total number of each species breeding in Great Britain.
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Murray, S., S. Money, A. Griffin, and P. Mitchell. "A survey of Leach’s Oceanodroma leucorhoa and European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus populations on North Rona and Sula Sgeir, Western Isles, Scotland." Seabird Journal 21 (2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.21.32.
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Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa was first recorded breeding on North Rona in 1883 and on Sula Sgeir in 1939. European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus was first recorded on North Rona in 1885 and on Sula Sgeir in 1958. Since then, there have been attempts to estimate the population size of both species on North Rona but there is little information about their current status on Sula Sgeir. In 2001, systematic surveys of both species using tape playback were conducted for the first time on both islands. North Rona held 1,133 Apparently Occupied Sites (AOS) of Leach’s Storm- petrel but only 371 AOS of European Storm-petrel; numbers on Sula Sgeir were five and eight AOS respectively. The combined population of both North Rona and Sula Sgeir of Leach’s Storm-petrel and European Storm-petrel, comprise 2.3% and 1.4% respectively, of the total number of each species breeding in Great Britain.
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Oakley, Bryan A. "Storm Driven Migration of the Napatree Barrier, Rhode Island, USA." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080330.
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Napatree Point, an isolated barrier in southern Rhode Island, provides a case study of barrier spit migration via storm driven overwash and washover fan migration. Documented shoreline changes using historical surveys and vertical aerial photographs show that the barrier had little in the way of net change in position between 1883 and 1939, including the impact of the 1938 hurricane. The barrier retreated rapidly between 1945 and 1975, driven by both tropical and extra-tropical storms. The shoreline position has been largely static since 1975. The removal of the foredune during the 1938 hurricane facilitated landward shoreline migration in subsequent lower intensity storms. Dune recovery following the 1962 Ash Wednesday storm has been allowed due to limited overwash and barrier migration over the last several decades. Shoreline change rates during the period from 1945–1975 were more than double the rate of shoreline change between 1939 and 2014 and triple the rate between 1883 and 2014, exceeding the positional uncertainty of these shoreline pairs. The long-term shoreline change rates used to calculate coastal setbacks in Rhode Island likely underestimate the potential for rapid shoreline retreat over shorter time periods, particularly in a cluster of storm activity. While sea-level rise has increased since 1975, the barrier has not migrated, highlighting the importance of storms in barrier migration.
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Engstrand, Iris H. W. "“A Sketch of Some of the Earliest Kentucky Pioneers of Los Angeles,” by Stephen C. Foster." Southern California Quarterly 95, no. 4 (2013): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2013.95.4.346.
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Nathaniel Pryor arrived in California in 1828 as a fur-trapper. He was jailed temporarily in San Diego, experienced the kindness of Californios, and found employment as a silversmith in southern California missions. He settled in Los Angeles, where he resided for over twenty years until his death in 1850. His friend Stephen C. Foster recounted Pryor’s story in 1887.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "KASHEVAROVA-RUDNEVA Varvara Alexandrovna - Russia's first woman doctor and a doctor of medicine (to the 175th of birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 3 (November 19, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-3-255.
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Kashevarova-Rudneva Varvara Alexandrovna (1842-1899) – Russian scientist, the first woman to receive the title of doctor and doctor of medicine, accepted by the Society of Russian doctors in St. Petersburg.
Rudneva-Kashevarova Varvara Alexandrovna was born in 1842 in Vitebsk. In 1862, she finished training at the Midwifery Institute in St. Petersburg educational house, and then courses on detection and treatment of syphilis in Kalinkinskogo hospital in St. Petersburg. In 1863, she enrolled at the St. Petersburg medical-surgical Academy, becoming the first student-woman to have officially crossed the threshold of the Medico-surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, which she graduated in 1868 with the attribution of a diploma of "doctor" in the specialty of obstetrician-gynecologist, became the first woman to receive a medical degree in Russia. In 1876 she defended her doctoral dissertation on "Materials for pathological anatomy of the uterine vagina", i.e. she became the first woman in Russia to defend her thesis. She was the first woman accepted into the Society of Russian doctors in St. Petersburg. Together with her second husband, Professor Rudnev, Kashevarova was one of the originators of the Russian Oncology. She died on January 30, 1899, in the 58th year of life and are buried in the cemetery of the Staro-Preobrazhensky monastery in Staraya Russa. Major works: "a Chronic inflammation of the decidua membrane of the uterus" (Medical Gazette, 1868; "About free abdominal bodies" (virkhov's Archive, vol. 47); "the doctrine of placental polyps" (Journal for normal and pathological anatomy, 1873); Materials for pathological anatomy of the uterine vagina (1876); "Hygiene of the female body in all phases of life" (1892); the story "Pioneer" and "The history of women's medical education" (autobiography, "news", 1886); "Village notes" ("news", 1888 and others).
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Dushenko, Konstantin V. "“The Fat General” and Prince Gremin: Transformations of the Literary Image." Literary Fact, no. 24 (2022): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-24-169-182.
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The noble old man, Tatiana’s husband, became part of the “supertext” of “Eugene Onegin” thanks to Tchaikovsky’s opera (1879) and Dostoevsky’s “Pushkin speech” (1880). The “aging” of this image, possibly, was facilitated by the contamination with the image of Prince Vereisky from Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky.” In the story “Uncle’s Dream” Dostoevsky refers to both of these images. Prince Gremin first appeared in the story in Bestuzhev-Marlinsky’s story “The Trial” (1830). Thanks to Gogol’s example, the surname Gremin was repeatedly used as a household name in an ironic context, but Tchaikovsky’s Gremin is purely positive lyrical character. In “Pushkin speech,” Tatyana’s husband is not just an old man, but a sufferer “in the taste of Dostoevsky.” A parody reference to this image is contained in Chekhov’s story “The Mysterious Nature” (1883).
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MAMAEV, Khamid Magomedovich, and Rashid Khamidovich MAMAEV. "ABOUT ONE OF THE EPISODES OF THE BEGINNING OF STUDYING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF GROZNY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 81 (June 30, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc81/3.
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This article is devoted to the one of the most significant moments of the beginning of the history of discovery and study of the archaeological monuments and artifacts on the territory of Grozny and its suburbs in the end of the 1880-th, correlated with wide spread of illegal excavations on the territory of the Terek district (Terskaya) and visiting this site by the directors of the main archaeological structures of Russia - count A.A. Bobrinsky (Imperial Archaeological Commission, St. Petersburg) and countess P.S. Uvarova (Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society (Moscow). The immediate reason for such attention was the rumors that reached the center about a find of the golden "crown" by treasure hunters in one of the mound near the village of Kulary on the river Sunzha. The Terek regional and district administrations of Grozny actively participated in the search. One of the officials, Yu.K. Churakovsky, also took active part in the research of local archaeological sites carried out by the Imperial Archaeological Commission and the Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society, as well as in the collection of numerous artifacts recovered by robbers from the mounds on the Chechen Plain in 1887-1888. In the end, the «crown», having become the necklace of Early Sarmatian period (E.I. Krupnov, V.B. Vinogradov, M.P. Abramova) came to P.S. Uvarova and was later transferred to the State Historical Museum. Twists and turns of the story are preserved in the correspondence of P.S. Uvarova to Yu.K. Churakovsky, once again confirming the importance of the epistolary heritage in the study of the process of the formation of archeology in Russia.
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Gorodilova, Natalia I. "Friendly Censorship in the Creative History of Leo Tolstoy’s Short Story “Candle”." Studia Litterarum 8, no. 4 (2023): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2023-8-4-370-387.
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The article is devoted to the problem of two editions of the finale of L.N. Tolstoy’s short story “Candle” (1885–1886), written specifically for the people’s book publishing house “Intermediary.” The purpose of the article is to clarify and concretize the facts known in the circle of specialists related to the history of the publication of the Tolstoy’s text. The task of the work was to study and comprehend new archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time: letters of P.I. Biryukov to L.N. Tolstoy and V.G. Chertkov, letters of V.G. Chertkov to L.N. Tolstoy published with significant bills, letters of A.M. Kalmykova to V.G. Chertkov, as well as the unpublished correspondence of L.N. Tolstoy and P.I. Biryukov, prepared for publication by the latter. Archival materials (OR GMT, RGALI) contribute to a deep and comprehensive study of the “program” of the “Intermediary” publishing house, organized at the end of 1884, and identification of the basic principles of its work, the nature of relationships between employees and methods of selecting texts for publication. The article shows that without this information an objective assessment of Tolstoy’s place and importance in the publishing house as a whole is impossible. It also clarifies the writer’s predicament in connection with the need to change the ending of the “Candle.” The author of the article comes to the conclusions that P.I. Biryukov initiated the question of the end of the “Candle”; that the controversy that unfolded around the story entailed a violation of the author’s intention; that L.N. Tolstoy’s talent overcame the narrow limits of the given “program.” These conclusions will form the basis of a historical and literary commentary on the story of L.N. Tolstoy “Candle” for volume 13 of the Complete Works of L.N. Tolstoy in 100 vols.
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Rico Alonso, Jonathan. "Imprentas e impresores mexicanos en el siglo XIX: el caso de “Santiago Sierra, Tipógrafo”." (an)ecdótica 4, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.2020.4.1.0002.
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The following work has the aim to narrate the story about “Santiago Sierra, Tipógrafo”, printing founded on April 1877 in Mexico City and closed on May 1878. Besides to describe and analyze the different kinds of newspapers and magazines published in these printing, this academic paper discuss on the confrontation between Ireneo Paz and Santiago Sierra Méndez. The end of these intellectual question happened on April 1880. Additionally, the following work announces literary groups who collaborated in “Santiago Sierra, Tipógrafo”, for example Círculo Literario Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.
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Miklós, Györgyi, György Fekete, Irén Haltrich, Miklós Tóth, and Péter Reismann. "Williams–Beuren-szindróma (Williams-szindróma)." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 47 (November 2017): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30905.
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Abstract: Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, that occurs equally in all ethnic groups and both sexes. The diagnosis might be missed during childhood in mild cases. However, establishing the diagnosis is important, not only to find the cause of intellectual disability but to look for cardiovascular, endocrine, psychiatry, urology and other conditions, which can occur at any age in the patients’ lifetime. This case report presents the story of 47-year-old woman, who was admitted with haematemesis. During her stay on the ward, in the light of the distinctive facial features, mental retardation, and social behaviour patterns, the possibility of Williams syndrome emerged. Later, the diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis. This female is the oldest living patient with Williams syndrome in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1883–1888.
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Coen, Deborah R. "The Tongues of Seismology in Nineteenth-Century Switzerland." Science in Context 25, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000305.
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ArgumentBetween 1878 and 1880, Switzerland, Italy, and Japan initiated the world's first national earthquake commissions, but only the Swiss made ordinary citizens a vital part of this undertaking. This paper examines the texture of communication between Swiss scientists and lay observers and traces the development of a language for seismology that was simultaneously scientific and vernacular. This is the story of an aborted dialogue between scientists and citizens about living with environmental risk, an alternative abandoned on the way to the increasingly technical science of the twentieth century.
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Čepaitienė, Auksuolė. "Kultūriniai lietuviškumo vaizdiniai Aušroje ir moksliniai kontekstai." Lietuvos etnologija / Lithuanian ethnology 19 (28) 2019 (December 19, 2019): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386522-1928006.
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The article analyses cultural meanings of images of Lithuanianness, as represented in the publications of the first illegal Lithuanian newspaper Aušra (published 1883 to 1886), and their relation to scientific contexts. The past and language and daba (culture) are considered as thematic fields and sources of images that participate in creating the Lithuanians’ story of ‘themselves’. Their instrumental capacities are different, although the 19thcentury proto-disciplinary integrity of linguistics, history, ethnology and anthropology justifies their implicit interconnectedness. The article also suggests that images of forest and hill-fort encompass the idea of social and cultural evolution, and the understanding of culture as being dynamic. Key words: image of Lithuanianness, symbolic structure, scientific knowledge, theory of evolution, the Lithuanians’ story of themselves.
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Sizova, Irina Igorevna. "Manuscript Stage in the History of Creation of L. N. Tolstoy’s Short Story “Two Old Men” (1885-1886): Issues of Textual Studies and Poetics." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 2 (February 2022): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20220062.
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STOCKING JR, GEORGE W. "Eskimo Story (Written for my Children): My Arctic Expedition, 1883-1884 by Franz Boas." American Anthropologist 110, no. 2 (June 2008): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2008.00031_1.x.
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Unterman, M. B., T. J. Crowley, K. I. Hodges, S. J. Kim, and D. J. Erickson. "Paleometeorology: visualizing mid-latitude dynamics at the synoptic level during the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 4 (July 14, 2009): 1883–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-1883-2009.
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Abstract. High resolution animations of the ice age surface have been developed as a tool for in-depth analysis of "paleometeorological" features. Synoptic-scale weather conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are simulated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3.6) on a globally resolved T170 (~75 km) grid domain. Model outputs have been saved at hourly intervals in order to better resolve diurnal features. The simulation has been run in tandem with a lower temporally resolved simulation of Kim et al. (2008) to enable a first-pass assessment of significance of features in the shorter run. Both simulations were forced with modified CLIMAP sea ice and sea surface temperatures (SSTs), reduced global CO2, ice sheet topography, lower sea level, and 21 000 BP orbital parameters. Results from the North Pacific show continued high storm activity during the LGM, whereas the North Atlantic tends to be more quiescent. Plots of storm tracks indicate that all North Pacific storms were steered northward into the Gulf of Alaska, bringing relatively warm air and precipitation into the region. This result is consistent with increased poleward heat transport into the region in the LGM climatological run as well as the absence of evidence for glaciation in middle Alaska. Storm-track trajectories should also have decreased upwelling along the northwest American coast – a response consistent with some geological data. The storms and other atmospheric features are illustrated in a high-resolution animation, which may also be useful as a teaching tool. Further investigation of these runs may provide additional insight into features such as wave-wave interactions, which have previously been unavailable to the research community for an alternate-Earth climate that has been at least as common as the present one over the last 500 000 years.
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Vecchi, Gabriel A., and Thomas R. Knutson. "On Estimates of Historical North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity*." Journal of Climate 21, no. 14 (July 15, 2008): 3580–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2178.1.
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Abstract In this study, an estimate of the expected number of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) that were missed by the observing system in the presatellite era (between 1878 and 1965) is developed. The significance of trends in both number and duration since 1878 is assessed and these results are related to estimated changes in sea surface temperature (SST) over the “main development region” (“MDR”). The sensitivity of the estimate of missed TCs to underlying assumptions is examined. According to the base case adjustment used in this study, the annual number of TCs has exhibited multidecadal variability that has strongly covaried with multidecadal variations in MDR SST, as has been noted previously. However, the linear trend in TC counts (1878–2006) is notably smaller than the linear trend in MDR SST, when both time series are normalized to have the same variance in their 5-yr running mean series. Using the base case adjustment for missed TCs leads to an 1878–2006 trend in the number of TCs that is weakly positive, though not statistically significant, with p ∼ 0.2. The estimated trend for 1900–2006 is highly significant (+∼4.2 storms century−1) according to the results of this study. The 1900–2006 trend is strongly influenced by a minimum in 1910–30, perhaps artificially enhancing significance, whereas the 1878–2006 trend depends critically on high values in the late 1800s, where uncertainties are larger than during the 1900s. The trend in average TC duration (1878–2006) is negative and highly significant. Thus, the evidence for a significant increase in Atlantic storm activity over the most recent 125 yr is mixed, even though MDR SST has warmed significantly. The decreasing duration result is unexpected and merits additional exploration; duration statistics are more uncertain than those of storm counts. As TC formation, development, and track depend on a number of environmental factors, of which regional SST is only one, much work remains to be done to clarify the relationship between anthropogenic climate warming, the large-scale tropical environment, and Atlantic TC activity.
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Pappas, Theodore. "Bright's Disease, Malaria, and Machine Politics: The Story of the Illness of President Chester A. Arthur." Surgery Journal 03, no. 04 (October 2017): e181-e187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612632.
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AbstractIn July of 1881, President James A. Garfield was shot in the back at the Sixth Street Train Station in Washington, D.C. Garfield died after an extended illness and Chester A. Arthur assumed the presidency on September 20, 1881. He served the remaining three and a half years but was ill for most of his term. Arthur died of the complications of Bright's disease less than two years after leaving office. In the 1880s, Bright's disease was the syndrome that described renal failure associated with proteinuria, but the etiology of Arthur's kidney failure has never been determined. Arthur is one of our least understood Presidents, owing to his brief tenure in office, his death shortly after leaving office, and the fact that he burned all his personal papers just prior to his death. This manuscript will explore the medical history of Chester A. Arthur, including his presumed diagnosis of malaria, his symptoms during his declining health, and will define the differential diagnosis of the causes of his renal failure that culminated in his death in November of 1886.
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Zhilyakova, Natalia V. "“Two Rubles More”: A Censorship Story About an Increase in the Subscription Fee for the Newspaper Sibirskiy Vestnik (Tomsk, 1887-1889)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 74 (December 1, 2021): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/74/18.
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MEGAN JENISON GRIFFIN. "Jane McManus Storm Cazneau, 1807-1878." Legacy 27, no. 2 (2010): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/legacy.27.2.0416.
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Wheeler, Dennis A. "GRACE DARLING'S STORM, 7 SEPTEMBER 1838." Weather 44, no. 11 (November 1989): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1989.tb04979.x.
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Love, Jeffrey J. "The Electric Storm of November 1882." Space Weather 16, no. 1 (January 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017sw001795.
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PROCTOR, J., F. Q. BREARLEY, H. DUNLOP, K. PROCTOR, SUPRAMONO, and D. TAYLOR. "Local wind damage in Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan: a rare but essential event in a lowland dipterocarp forest?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 3 (April 26, 2001): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740100133x.
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The importance of disturbances for the dynamics of tropical forests has been described by Whitmore & Burslem (1998). Among the phenomena which they classify as large scale disturbances are those caused by wind. The most extensive of these occur within the hurricane (cyclone) belt (10-20° from the equator) but outside this belt large blowdowns of trees are known to occur, perhaps most spectacularly in the Brazilian Amazon (Nelson et al. 1994). There is evidence that rare wind storms influence the dipterocarp rain forests of Peninsular Malaysia, 2-6°N. One famous storm in November 1880 which devastated hundreds of square kilometres of forests in Kelantan, north-east Malaya, was probably an aberrant cyclone (Wyatt-Smith 1954). Smaller windstorms which have blown down several hectares of forests have been reported from Malaysia including Borneo (Ashton 1993) but their frequency and extent have not been well documented (Whitmore & Burslem 1998). At Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, one such storm occurred recently and the fortuitous combination of a well patrolled trail system and the localization of the storm has allowed a detailed assessment of the forest damage.
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Valach, Fridrich, Pavel Hejda, Miloš Revallo, and Josef Bochníček. "Possible role of auroral oval-related currents in two intense magnetic storms recorded by old mid-latitude observatories Clementinum and Greenwich." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 9 (2019): A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019008.
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Some recent studies point out that currents related to the auroral oval, electrojets and field aligned currents (FACs), are serious candidates for the mechanism of the intense mid-latitude magnetic storms. It is interesting to re-analyse historical data under the light of this modern knowledge. In this aim, we analysed two intense magnetic storms that were recorded by observatories Clementinum (Prague) and Greenwich on 17 November 1848 and 4 February 1872, respectively. The latter has been marked as an extraordinary event by several authors, in particular in connection with auroras. The former, however, has been little known in the space weather community. Both these events possessed swift and extensive variations of the horizontal (H) component (>400 nT and >500 nT, respectively) and were accompanied by auroras sighted at very low magnetic latitudes. This implies that the auroral oval on the north hemisphere was vastly extended southward. The variations of the magnetic declination also indicate that during these events the auroral oval was situated at magnetic latitudes lower than those of the observatories. The storms studied in this paper occurred at different magnetic local times (MLTs), ~23 MLT and ~19 MLT. Therefore, they might represent mid-latitude events related to different parts of the auroral oval. In this paper, the H-variation recorded at Clementinum in 1848 is interpreted to be a substorm due to the ionospheric substorm electrojet. The Greenwich event registered in 1872 then seems to be a combination of the ring-current storm with a positive variation of the H-component caused by the eastward electrojet. Both the events of 1848 and 1872 appear to exemplify phenomena that are common in high magnetic latitudes but which may occasionally happen also at mid-latitudes.
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Sizova, Irina I. "The Issue of Criticizing the Text of the Short Story ʽWhere Love Is, There God Is Also’ by Leo Tolstoy (1885)." Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, no. 1 (2021): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-1-244-261.
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The article is devoted to the issue of criticizing the text of Leo Tolstoy's short story “Where Love Is, There God Is Alsoˮ (1885), its purpose is to substantiate the choice of the main source of the text for publication and to cleanse it of distortions. In the research literature, the issue of clarifying the history of formation of the given work as an artistic whole is open, details of the final stages of its creation have not been reconstructed, the editorship of this literary monument has not been concretized. The proposed work was performed in a certain sequence. First, all the discrepancies between the first lifetime editions of 1885–1886 were identified, and then a comparative analysis of them with handwritten materials was carried out. At the final stage, the classification of these discrepancies was correlated with the textual practice of the predecessors. As a result, the choice of the twelfth part of “The Works of Count L. N. Tolstoy” (1886) as the main text source for publication was theoretically justified, a list of recommended corrections based on manuscripts was compiled and argued. The tradition of criteria for scientific criticism of literary monuments has been supplemented with new principles. This is the transparency of editorial intrusions into someone else's text, the obligatory references to manuscripts or earlier publications in the list of corrections, a comprehensive disclosure of its composition (not a truncated format), the inadmissibility for a text critic to act as a co-author of the writer.
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Pappenheimer, A. M. "The story of a toxic protein, 1888-1992." Protein Science 2, no. 2 (February 1993): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560020218.
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Valdes-Socin, Hernan, and Miguel Vanoni. "The fabulous story of glyphozines." Revista de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Nefrología, Diálisis y Trasplante 11, no. 2 (August 15, 2023): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56867/53.
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Introducción: La sorprendente historia de las gliflozinas se inicia con el modelo de diabetes renal inducida por florizina y culmina con la síntesis de los C glucósidos derivados de la floridzina: las gliflozinas. Estos medicamentos, inhibidores específicos de SGLT-2, constituyen una nueva clase de antidiabéticos orales con insospechados efectos benéficos a nivel cardiovascular y renal. Objetivo de la revisión: El objetivo de la presente revisión narrativa histórica de los eventos relacionados con el desarrollo de las glifozinas a partir de florizina. Puntos importantes de la revisión: La floridzina o florizina, un O-glucósido natural, es descubierta en 1835 por dos químicos belgas: Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck (1809-1887) y Jean Servais Stas (1813-1891). Joseph von Mering describe en 1883 los efectos glucosúricos de la florizina, primero en perros, luego en humanos, lo que dará lugar a un modelo de diabetes nefrogénica. En la década de 1950, se observa que la florizina bloquea el transporte de glucosa en diferentes epitelios, incluidos el riñón y el intestino. Hoy en día, se sabe que la florizina es un antagonista inespecífico de los receptores (GLUT) de glucosa. Mucho debemos también a los pacientes con glucosuria congénita, en quienes se identificaron mutaciones inactivadoras de los receptores GLUT. Conclusión: El fabuloso destino de las gliflozinas ilustra al lector la relevancia de la historia de la medicina y de la investigación traslacional que permitieron importantes avances terapéuticos para un gran número de pacientes diabéticos, renales y cardíacos.
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Hovhannisyan, Susanna. "Dostoevsky in the Literary Life of Armenia." Неизвестный Достоевский 11, no. 1 (March 2024): 184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2024.6921.
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The article examines the path of Armenian Dostoevsky studies — starting from the 80s of the 19th century. It was then that interest in Dostoevsky’s work arose in Armenian literary circles — in particular, in the periodicals of Tiflis, K. Polis, Petersburg, Paris. At the origins of Armenian studies of the Russian writer are the editors of Armenian newspapers and magazines Arpiar Arpiaryan, Levon Bashalyan, and Arshak Chopanyan. For the first time to Dostoevsky’s work contacted the editor of Tiflis newspaper “Mshak” Grigor Artsruni in 1880; he tried to consider the work of the novelist in the context of mysticism and religious views. And the first work of the Russian writer in the Armenian language was the story “Notes from the Dead House,” which was printed in 1885 in the weekly “Araks” published in Petersburg. The first work of the Russian writer translated into Armenian was the story “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree,” published in 1886 in the Constantinople newspaper “Masis.” The translation was not signed. In 1892, in the St. Petersburg bulletin “Araks” were published “Notes from the House of the Dead.” The unknown translator left the work unfinished. The new translation of the story was done by Yervand Otyan. In subsequent years, the works of Dostoevsky were translated by K. Mirianyan, Shirvanzade, S. Shalchyan, G. Lerentz, K. Surenyan, A. Mazmanyan, A. Mekhakyan, A. Hovhannisyan and others. The writer’s death became an occasion for new reflections on his life and work. At the next stage of Armenian history, at the beginning of the 20th century, discussions about the novelist’s work became more often, lectures and discussions were organized at the literary evenings of the Caucasian Society of Armenian Writers. Many Armenian writers and critics recognized the influence of Dostoevsky not only on their creativity, but also on world perception (A. Oshakan, K. Surenyan, Nar-Dos, Shirvanzade). Some of them became translators of Dostoevsky (Surenyan, Shirvanzade), and some initiated new translations (Arpiaryan, Chopanyan). In the second half of the 20th century, Karpis Surenyan, Levon Mkrtchyan and Karen Stepanyan became the most important actors of the Armenian Dostoevsky studies. Remarkable typological and comparative parallels were drawn between Dostoevsky and Mickiewicz, Narekatsi, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Schiller, Cervantes and other authors.
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Bieszczad, Jakub. "Dublowanie historii. Zbiór ADF Suessonem 1884, Rer. Var. nr 5° jako inne spojrzenie na życie i dzieło o. Leona Jana Dehona." Sympozjum 27, no. 2 (45) (2024): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25443283sym.23.017.19570.
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A two-year work experience at the Dehonian Studies’Centre has given to the author the chance to work with a set of Archives of the Holy Office concerning the inquisitorial trial, held between 1882 and 1884, over the mystical writings circulating in the circles of the Institute of the Oblates of the Sacred Heart of Saint-Quentin. The documents show new dimensions of the now semi-mythical affair commonly referred to in the institute as Consummatum est. The author attempts to outline where narratives are either based on a founding myth or on an attempt to dissimulate an inconvenient truth. Starting from an analysis of the ADF fond Suessonem 1884, Rer. Var. no. 5° lists four nodes of this story that seem more complex than the existing narrative would suggest: the morphology of the process itself, the canonical situation that affects the praxis of the Holy Office, the relationship with the ecclesiastical authorities and the nature of the mystical movement that developed around the Oblates. These sites are also presented as invitations to further research.
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Kumjian, Matthew R., Rachel Gutierrez, Joshua S. Soderholm, Stephen W. Nesbitt, Paula Maldonado, Lorena Medina Luna, James Marquis, Kevin A. Bowley, Milagros Alvarez Imaz, and Paola Salio. "Gargantuan Hail in Argentina." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): E1241—E1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0012.1.
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Abstract On 8 February 2018, a supercell storm produced gargantuan (>15 cm or >6 in. in maximum dimension) hail as it moved over the heavily populated city of Villa Carlos Paz in Córdoba Province, Argentina. Observations of gargantuan hail are quite rare, but the large population density here yielded numerous witnesses and social media pictures and videos from this event that document multiple large hailstones. The storm was also sampled by the newly installed operational polarimetric C-band radar in Córdoba. During the RELAMPAGO campaign, the authors interviewed local residents about their accounts of the storm and uncovered additional social media video and photographs revealing extremely large hail at multiple locations in town. This article documents the case, including the meteorological conditions supporting the storm (with the aid of a high-resolution WRF simulation), the storm’s observed radar signatures, and three noteworthy hailstones observed by residents. These hailstones include a freezer-preserved 4.48-in. (11.38 cm) maximum dimension stone that was scanned with a 3D infrared laser scanner, a 7.1-in. (18 cm) maximum dimension stone, and a hailstone photogrammetrically estimated to be between 7.4 and 9.3 in. (18.8–23.7 cm) in maximum dimension, which is close to or exceeds the world record for maximum dimension. Such a well-observed case is an important step forward in understanding environments and storms that produce gargantuan hail, and ultimately how to anticipate and detect such extreme events.
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Roy, Dr Hareshwar. "Chekhov’s Death of a Clerk: A Critical Appreciation." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 3 (March 28, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i3.10462.
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The present paper proposes to undertake a deep study of the Death of a Clerk. This beautiful short story has been written by Anton Chekhov, a prominent story teller of Russia. This story has been translated into English from Russian by Ivy Litvinov. This translation of Ivy Litvinov has been made the basis of the present study. The period of 1880-1885 is a very important period in the career of Anton Chekhov. During this period, he wrote hundreds of humorous tales. They show a keen sense of the social scene and of the incongruities of life. These tales reveal a deep feeling for human injustice and suffering. In these stories Anton Chekhov attempted to see things as they were and to deal with them as he saw them. According to him a reasoned life without a clear-cut point of view is not a life, but a burden and a horror. This was a strange idea for that day but it played a significant role in his works. Chekhov’s Death of a Clerk is one of them. It beautifully presents the picture of the life of a society based on tyranny and servility.
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Alder, Emily. "Arctic Ghosts: Whale Hunting and Haunting in Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Captain of the ‘Pole-Star’”." Victorian Studies 65, no. 1 (September 2022): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/victorianstudies.65.1.07.
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Abstract: Over-hunting in Arctic seas drove bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus ) nearly to extinction by the end of the nineteenth century. Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Captain of the ‘Pole-Star’” (1883), inspired by his youthful 1880 voyage on the Scottish whaling ship Hope to the Greenland Sea, shows a nascent awareness of the implications of this ecological tragedy. The ghostly figure heard and seen in the story is on one level the spirit of the captain’s lost love, and on another a spectral trace of the lost bowheads. Conan Doyle’s Arctic ghost binds the personal grief and longing of the captain to the wider grief and longing of a late-Victorian culture becoming aware of its own environmental responsibilities and reaching belatedly toward wildlife protection.