Academic literature on the topic 'Store shelf'

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Journal articles on the topic "Store shelf"

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Gomez, Monica, and Shintaro Okazaki. "Estimating Store Brand Shelf Space: A New Framework Using Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares." International Journal of Market Research 51, no. 2 (January 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078530905100209.

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Despite abundant research that examines the effects of store brands on retail decision making, little attention has been paid to the predictive model of store brand shelf space. This paper intends to fill this research gap by proposing and testing a theoretical model of store brand shelf space. From the literature review, 11 independent variables were identified (i.e. store format, reputation, brand assortment, depth of assortment, in-store promotions, leading national brands’ rivalry, retailers’ rivalry, manufacturers’ concentration, store brand market share, advertising, and innovation) and analysed as potential predictors of the dependent variable (i.e. store brand shelf space). Data were collected for 29 product categories in 55 retail stores. In designing the statistical treatment, a three-phase procedure was adopted: (1) interdependence analysis via principal component analysis; (2) dependence analysis via neural network simulation; and (3) structural equation modelling via partial least squares. The findings corroborate our proposed model, in that all hypothesised relationships and directions are supported. On this basis, we draw theoretical as well as managerial implications. In closing, we acknowledge the limitations of this study and suggest future research directions.
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Horacek, Tanya, Elif Yildirim, Erin Kelly, Adrienne White, Karla Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa Olfert, et al. "Development and Validation of a Simple Convenience Store SHELF Audit." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122676.

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Background This paper describes the development, reliability, and convergent validity of a practical tool—the Convenience Store Supportive Healthy Environment for Life-Promoting Food (SHELF) Audit. Methods Audit items included: a variety of fresh, processed, and frozen fruits and vegetables; low-fat dairy products; healthy staples and frozen meals; healthy food incentive programs; items sold in check-out areas; portion/cup sizes; and pricing. Each audit item was scored using a five-point semantic-differential scale (1 = provides little or no support for healthful foods to 5 = provides high support for healthful foods). Convergent validity was examined by comparing the SHELF audit to Ghirardelli et al. and Laska et al. store audits. Statistical analysis included: Factor analysis, ANOVA, and Spearman correlations. Results SHELF included three factors: a Fruits/Vegetables scale (eight items, α = 0.79; total potential points = 34); a Healthy Foods scale (four items, α = 0.72; total potential points = 16); and a Supports scale (four items, α = 0.685; total potential points = 16). Only 6% of the 124 convenience stores assessed scored in the most healthful range (46–66). The assessed drug stores (n = 15) scored higher than convenience stores (n = 81) on the Healthy Foods and Supports scales but not the Fruits/Vegetables scale. The SHELF sub-scores were highly correlated with other audit tools indicating convergent validity. Conclusion The SHELF convenience store audit is a valid, reliable tool for assessing the degree to which convenience stores support healthfulness regarding Fruits/Vegetables, Healthy Foods, and Supports for choosing healthy.
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Ito, Kodo, Yoshiyuki Higuchi, Masao Ohta, and Xiaoyuan Liu. "Optimal Shelf-Inspection Policies of Self-Service Retailers." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 05 (September 13, 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539318500237.

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In Japan, the annual sales share of supermarkets and convenience stores increased around 2000. Both self-servicing and delivering a wide variety of products are denominators of these stores, and they have an advantage in retail business competitions because self-service stores can reduce labor costs by engaging consumers with the provision of services and the productivity of these stores is higher than specialty stores. In case of self-service stores, miscellaneous jobs such as cash registering, goods arranging, and shelf reviewing, have to be performed by limited number of clerks and efficient operation methods are required. The inventory management of store shelves for avoiding out-of-stock is an important issue and the AHM-Model which is a famous periodic monitoring inventory utilizing dynamic programming was proposed. In this paper, store shelves are monitored periodically and are replenished when the total amount of goods is below a threshold. Total expected cost rates are defined and optimal thresholds are discussed utilizing the cumulative damage model analytically.
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Higa, Kyota, and Kota Iwamoto. "Robust Shelf Monitoring Using Supervised Learning for Improving On-Shelf Availability in Retail Stores." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122722.

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This paper proposes a method to robustly monitor shelves in retail stores using supervised learning for improving on-shelf availability. To ensure high on-shelf availability, which is a key factor for improving profits in retail stores, we focus on understanding changes in products regarding increases/decreases in product amounts on the shelves. Our method first detects changed regions of products in an image by using background subtraction followed by moving object removal. It then classifies the detected change regions into several classes representing the actual changes on the shelves, such as “product taken (decrease)” and “product replenished/returned (increase)”, by supervised learning using convolutional neural networks. It finally updates the shelf condition representing the presence/absence of products using classification results and computes the product amount visible in the image as on-shelf availability using the updated shelf condition. Three experiments were conducted using two videos captured from a surveillance camera on the ceiling in a real store. Results of the first and second experiments show the effectiveness of the product change classification in our method. Results of the third experiment show that our method achieves a success rate of 89.6% for on-shelf availability when an error margin is within one product. With high accuracy, store clerks can maintain high on-shelf availability, enabling retail stores to increase profits.
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Cameron, Adrian J. "The shelf space and strategic placement of healthy and discretionary foods in urban, urban-fringe and rural/non-metropolitan Australian supermarkets." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 03 (November 16, 2017): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003019.

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AbstractObjectiveSupermarkets are a key influence on eating behaviours, but it is unknown if the promotion of food within stores varies on a geographic gradient from urban, to urban-fringe and non-metropolitan areas. The present study aimed to assess the shelf space and strategic placement of healthy and discretionary foods in each of urban, urban-fringe and non-metropolitan Australian supermarkets.Design/SettingIn-store audits were conducted in stores from one of the two major Australian supermarket chains in urban (n19), urban-fringe (n20) and non-metropolitan (n26) areas of Victoria. These audits examined selected food items (crisps/chips, chocolate, confectionery, soft drinks/sodas, fruits and vegetables) and measured the shelf space and the proportion of end-of-aisle and cash register displays containing these products. Store size was measured as the sum of aisle length. Differences in the supermarket food environment with respect to location were assessed, before and after adjustment for neighbourhood socio-economic position.ResultsThe strategic placement of discretionary foods was commonly observed in all supermarkets. Adjusting for store size (larger in urban-fringe and rural areas), urban stores had greater shelf space devoted to fruits and vegetables, and less checkouts with soft drinks, than urban-fringe and rural/non-metropolitan areas. Differences remained following adjustment for neighbourhood socio-economic position. No clear pattern was observed for end-of-aisle displays, or the placement of chocolate and confectionery at checkouts.ConclusionsThe shelf space of healthy and discretionary foods in urban-fringe and rural stores parallels the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these areas. Interventions in urban-fringe and rural stores targeting the shelf space of healthy foods and the placement of soft drinks at key displays may be useful obesity prevention initiatives.
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Bodor, J. Nicholas, Donald Rose, Thomas A. Farley, Christopher Swalm, and Susanne K. Scott. "Neighbourhood fruit and vegetable availability and consumption: the role of small food stores in an urban environment." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 4 (April 2008): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000493.

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AbstractObjectivePrevious studies on the relationship of dietary intake to the neighbourhood food environment have focused on access to supermarkets, quantified by geographic distance or store concentration measures. However, in-store food availability may also be an important determinant, particularly for urban neighbourhoods with a greater concentration of small food stores. This study synthesises both types of information – store access and in-store availability – to determine their potential relationship to fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignResidents in four census tracts were surveyed in 2001 about their fruit and vegetable intake. Household distances to food stores in these and surrounding tracts were obtained using geographical information system mapping techniques. In-store fruit and vegetable availability was measured by linear shelf space. Multivariate linear regression models were used to measure the association of these neighbourhood availability measures with consumption.SettingFour contiguous census tracts in central-city New Orleans.SubjectsA random sample of 102 households.ResultsGreater fresh vegetable availability within 100 m of a residence was a positive predictor of vegetable intake; each additional metre of shelf space was associated with 0.35 servings per day of increased intake. Fresh fruit availability was not associated with intake, although having a small food store within this same distance was a marginal predictor of fruit consumption.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the possible importance of small neighbourhood food stores and their fresh produce availability in affecting fruit and vegetable intake.
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Jalbert-Arsenault, Élise, Éric Robitaille, and Marie-Claude Paquette. "Development, reliability and use of a food environment assessment tool in supermarkets of four neighbourhoods in Montréal, Canada." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 37, no. 9 (September 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.9.04.

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Introduction The food environment is a promising arena in which to influence people’s dietary habits. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive food environment assessment tool for businesses and characterize the food environment of a low-tomedium income area of Montréal, Canada. Methods We developed a tool, Mesure de l’environnement alimentaire du consommateur dans les supermarchés (MEAC-S), and tested it for reliability. We used the MEAC-S to assess the consumer food environment of 17 supermarkets in four neighbourhoods of Montréal. We measured the shelf length, variety, price, display counts and in-store positions of fruits and vegetables (FV) and ultra-processed food products (UPFPs). We also assessed fresh FV for quality. Store size was estimated using the total measured shelf length for all food categories. We conducted Spearman correlations between these indicators of the food environment. Results Reliability analyses revealed satisfactory results for most indicators. Characterization of the food environment revealed high variability in shelf length, variety and price of FV between supermarkets and suggested a disproportionate promotion of UPFPs. Display counts of UPFPs outside their normal display location ranged from 7 to 26, and they occupied 8 to 33 strategic in-store positions, whereas the number of display counts of fresh FV outside their normal display location exceeded 1 in only 2 of the 17 stores surveyed, and they occupied a maximum of 2 strategic in-store positions per supermarket. Price of UPFPs was inversely associated with their prominence (p $lt .005) and promotion (p $lt .003). Store size was associated with display counts and strategic in-store positioning of UPFPs (p $lt .001), but not FV, and was inversely associated with the price of soft drinks (p $lt .003). Conclusion This study illustrates the variability of the food environment between supermarkets and underscores the importance of measuring in-store characteristics to adequately picture the consumer food environment.
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Cameron, Adrian J., Lukar E. Thornton, Sarah A. McNaughton, and David Crawford. "Variation in supermarket exposure to energy-dense snack foods by socio-economic position." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (May 22, 2012): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002649.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the availability of energy-dense, nutrient-poor snack foods (and fruits and vegetables) in supermarkets located in socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhoods.DesignCross-sectional supermarket audit.SettingMelbourne, Australia. Measures included product shelf space and number of varieties for soft drinks, crisps, chocolate, confectionery and fruits and vegetables, as well as store size.SubjectsThirty-five supermarkets (response 83 %) from neighbourhoods in the lowest and highest quintile of socio-economic disadvantage.ResultsShelf space allocated to soft drinks (23·6 mv. 17·7 m,P= 0·006), crisps (16·5 mv. 13·0 m,P= 0·016), chocolate (12·2 mv. 10·1 m,P= 0·022) and confectionery (6·7 mv. 5·1 m,P= 0·003) was greater in stores from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for store size (stores in disadvantaged areas being larger), shelf space for confectionery (6·3 mv. 5·6 m,P= 0·024) and combined shelf space for all energy-dense foods and drinks (55·0 mv. 48·9 m,P= 0·017) remained greater in stores from socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The ratio of shelf space allocated to fruits and vegetables to that for energy-dense snack foods also varied by socio-economic disadvantage after adjustment for store size (most disadvantagedv. least disadvantaged: 1·7v. 2·1,P= 0·025). Varieties of fruits and vegetables and chocolate bars were more numerous in less disadvantaged areas (P< 0·05).ConclusionsExposure to energy-dense snack foods and soft drinks in supermarkets was greater in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This may impact purchasing, consumption and cultural norms related to eating behaviours and may therefore work against elimination of the known socio-economic gradient in obesity levels. Reform of supermarket stocking practices may represent an effective means of obesity prevention.
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Blackwell, Corey J., Julia Sarah Wasas, Sean Patrick Flanagan, Bryan A. Norman, and Joel Michael Haight. "Grocery shelf stocking tool: analysis of productivity and human factors." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-02-2015-0026.

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Purpose – Grocery store tasks provide many opportunities for efficiency and ergonomic improvements. Shelf stocking is one task that has received considerable attention in recent years as grocery stores seek to remain competitive by stocking shelves in an efficient manner in order to satisfy customers. The purpose of this paper is to detail an analysis performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a grocery store shelf stocking tool. This shelf stocking aid is a device designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of stocking and fronting shelves in a supermarket or a similar retail environment. Design/methodology/approach – To test the claims that the device actually does improve stocking accuracy, efficiency, and ergonomic soundness, an experiment was conducted to compare the processes of stocking shelves and fronting items on shelves with and without the stocking tool. In creating the realistic conditions of a real-world store environment, extensive inquiry about item stocking and fronting procedures was made by visiting stores and discussing the stocking and fronting tasks with industry experts. Tests were performed at varying combinations of shelf heights, shelf fullness, with and without First-In First-Out processing, and with various merchandise sizes and shapes. Findings – The results indicate that the shelf stocking tool significantly reduces shelf stocking and fronting time. The ergonomic merits of the tool were also analyzed. A Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was performed to evaluate biomechanical and postural stresses experienced by a shelf stocker as they stock and front store shelves. It appears that the largest contributor to higher-than-expected RULA scores is extensive upper torso bending in the sagittal plane at the L5 S1 disc position. This is exacerbated as the stocker reaches lower shelves and bends forward to reach under the shelf directly above the item being stocked or fronted. Research limitations/implications – Only three tall and five short items were used in testing. More testing is needed to draw conclusions about stacking items. Cumulative fatigue effects were not tested nor were the locations of specific physical discomfort. Testing was not done to examine simultaneously fronting two rows with the shelf stocking tool. Testing was not done to simulate the use of a step stool, including moving and repositioning the step stool for manual restocking and fronting on high shelves. The step stool handling would improve relative performance of the shelf stocking tool because the tool eliminates the need for a step stool. Practical implications – Grocery store shelf stocking associates are at risk of developing cumulative trauma type injuries from awkward posture that they have to use when stocking shelves. With many small items on a shelf that are continually becoming disheveled as customers purchase the items, there are significant inefficiencies in continually arranging and rearranging the items as well as adding new. The analysis of a tool of the type tested here has shown that the use of a simple tool such as the one tested can go a long way to improving both of these elements of the stocking and fronting task. Originality/value – While the shelf stocking tool is not necessarily a remedy for bending, it appears to reduce more pronounced bending than what is required without it. For stocking or fronting upper shelves, it also appears to reduce the extensive reaches (the second most stressful contributor to the high RULA scores). This approach to stocking and fronting shelves has helped to verify the idea that a tool such as this can help to improve not only the speed and efficiency at which the task is accomplished it can also reduce the stress on the back and shoulders during this tedious task.
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Sukma Wijaya, Bambang, Muchsin Saggaff Shihab, Sheila Ayu Wijaya, Dudi Rudianto, and Annie Sugandi. "IN-STORE BRAND COMMUNICATION: WHEN SHELF-SPACE AND DISPLAY SEDUCE CONSUMERS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8495.

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Purpose of the study: This study aims at analyzing the role of shelf-space and display in stimulating impulse buying. Further, this study also covers the comparison between all shelf positions (regular-shelf, Chiller, and wings-rack) to get insights deeper into which one is the most effective in stimulating impulse buying. Methodology: By highlighting the case of a beverage brand in a hypermarket in Indonesia, the recent study uncovers the experiences and perceptions of 200 participants through an explanatory survey. The primary data collection has been done by distributing survey questionnaires to 200 target respondents located in Jakarta. The data collected have been analysed using SPSS software. Main Findings: Both shelf-space and display factors are found to have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, where the former is found dominant. Various constructs in shelf-space such as the spaciousness-of-shelf, highness-of-traffic, largeness-of-shelf, easiness in finding the shelf, and in-store display communications such as the attractiveness-of-color, cleanness-of-display, neatness-of-display arrangement, the blocking-space, and the attractiveness-of-product arrangement emerge validly. Of the three objects studied, the chiller had the highest effectiveness compared to the regular-shelf and wings-rack in arousing the impulsivity of consumer purchases. This fact shows that the appearance of cold drinks seems to have a significant effect on consumers in causing impulse buying, especially for consumers in tropical countries like Indonesia. The seller or brand owner should consider this finding. Applications of this study: This study confirms the real, meaningful, and experiential visual power of in-store brand communications. So the brand can explore creatively and ergonomically as well as maximizing the potentials of visual communication, especially shelf-space and display in sales spaces as silent sellers. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few studies still pay attention to the role of in-store brand communications in encouraging impulse buying, especially in an era where the virtual shopping world is increasingly distracting researchers and marketers from the spark of communication events in the actual shopping space. This article proves how the attractiveness of in-store brand communications through shelf-space and in-store displays has a significant impact on impulse buying.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Store shelf"

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Yaqoob, Gulraiz, and Ammar Avais. "Importance of Shelf Space : Is shelf space equally important for the different product categories in grocery store (ICA Alidhem)?" Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34960.

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The way consumers choose between different categories of grocery items on display at super markets depends on a number of behavior patterns and factors. The aim of this research was to know how consumer makes the selection in between the different product categories and how premier shelf space affects their decision making process. No doubt, there are so many factors, which can influence the consumer’s decision- making process for grocery shopping. In this research we studied the importance of seven factors on the sale of 12 product categories in ICA Alidhem stores.

A social survey was conducted and 96 filled questionnaires were collected from the different people who were living near to the ICA Alidhem store. Spss tool was used to analyze the data.

Likert scale was used to know the importance of these seven factors for the sale of 12 product categories and through our research we came to know that out of these seven factors, shelf space is the least important factor for 9 product categories studied. This result could be helpful for ICA Alidhem store for defining the planogram and for manufacturers of these 12 product categories as well. On the bases of mean value we defined the priority set and the purpose of this priority set is to know the importance of shelf space for these 12 product categories.

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Shams, Poja. "What Does it Take to Get your Attention? : The influence of In-Store and Out-of-Store Factors on Visual Attention and Decision Making for Fast-moving Consumer Goods." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för tjänsteforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-25947.

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Decision making for fast-moving consumer goods involves a choice between numerous similar alternatives. Under such demanding circumstances, a decision is made for one product. The decision is dependent on the interaction between the environment and the mind of the consumer, both of which are filled with information that can influence the outcome. The aim of this dissertation is to explore how the mind and the environment guides attention towards considered and chosen products in consumer decision making at the point-of-purchase. Consumers are equipped with several effort reduction strategies to simplify complex decision making. The selection of strategies can be conscious or automatic and driven by information in the environment or the mind of the decision maker. The selected decision strategy reduces the set of options to one alternative in an iterative process of comparisons that are fast and rely on perceptual cues to quickly exclude irrelevant products. This thesis uses eye-tracking to explore this rapid processing that lacks conscious access or control. The purpose is to explore how product packaging and placement (as in-store factors), and recognition, preferences, and choice task (as out-of-store factors) influence the decision-making process through visual attention. The results of the 10 experiments in the five papers that comprise this thesis shed new light on the role of visual attention in the interaction between the environment and the mind, and its influence on the consumer. It is said that consumers choose with their eyes, which means that unseen is unsold. The results of this thesis show that it is just as important to be comprehended as it is to be seen. In split-second decision making, the ability to recognize and comprehend a product can significantly impact preferences. Comprehension stretches beyond perception as consumers infer value from memory structures that influence attention. Hence, the eye truly sees what the mind is prepared to comprehend.
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Левчук, Святослав Богданович. "Інтелектуальна система мерчандайзингу. Детекція та розпізнавання асортименту." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23987.

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Магістерська дисертація: 126 с., 47 рис., 30 табл., 2 додатки, 31 джерело. Об'єктом дослідження є методи мерчандайзингу товарів в торгових точках. Предметом дослідження є методи класифікації товарів на полицях в торгових точках. Мета роботи – розробка інтелектуальної системи мерчендайзингу, яка дозволить зменшити використання людського ресурсу та максимально оптимізувати процес мерчендайзингу за рахунок автоматичного моніторингу наявності товару на полицях та розробка системи класифікації товарів як складової частини системи мерчиндайзингу для аналізу товарів на полиці відносно планограм магазину. В роботі розглянуто і проаналізовано сучасні системи мерчандайзингу та іх недоліки, також, розглядаються існуючі методи класифікації. Запропоновано метод класифікації товарів в магазині з спеціально розробленою згортковою нейронною мережею, який побудовано на основі методів з використанням згорткових нейронних мереж, з нелінійними класифікаторами та адаптивним методом оптимізації. Інтелектуальна система мерчандайзингу та система класифікації асортименту реалізовані за допомогою мови програмування Python з використанням СУБД MySql. Результати даної роботи рекомендується використовувати для моніторингу якості викладки товарів на полицях та контролю наповненості полиць у торгових точках.
Master thesis explanatory note: 126 p., 47 fig., 30 tab., 2 appendices, 31 sources. The object of research – intelligent merchandising system. The subject of research – classification methods of goods on shelves in stores. The purpose of the work is to develop an intelligent merchandising system that will reduce the use of human resources and maximize the process of merchandising through automatic monitoring of the availability of goods on shelves and to develop of goods classification system as a part of a merchandising system for the analysis of goods on the shelf in relation to the store planograms. In the work, modern merchandising systems and their shortcomings are considered and analyzed, as well as existing classification methods are considered. Goods classification method with specially developed convolutional neural network, which is constructed on the basis of methods using convolutional neural networks, with nonlinear classifiers and an adaptive optimization method is proposed. Intelligent merchandising system and assortment classification system are implemented using Python programming language with MySql DB. The results of this work are recommended for monitoring the compliance with the planogram and availiability of the goods on shelves in stores.
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Siqueira, Sunni A. "Effect of Small-Scale Continental Shelf Bathymetry on Storm Surge Generation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2278.

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Idealized bathymetries were subjected to idealized cyclones in order to measure the storm surge response to a range of bathymetry features, under various storm conditions. Ten bathymetries were considered, including eight shoals, one pit, and a featureless reference domain. Six storms (two different sizes/intensities and three different landfall directions) were used as meteorological forcing. The bathymetry features influenced local surge response during pre- and post-peak surge conditions. However, peak surge and surge at the coast were not meaningfully affected by the presence of the bathymetry features considered. The effect of three bathymetry feature parameters on surge response was analyzed (i.e. depth below mean sea level, cross-shore width, and distance from shore). Of these parameters, feature depth below mean sea level was the most influential on surge generation.
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Brodersen, Justin G. "Inner-shelf bottom boundary layer development and sediment suspension during Tropical Storm Isadore on the West Florida Shelf." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000364.

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Light, Janice Marissa. "The West Shetland Shelf : a recent storm-dominated, biogenic carbonate system." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407435.

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The West Shetland Shelf (WSS) is a region of biogenic sedimentation within the North East Atlantic Cold Water Carbonate Province (NEACP) as defined in this thesis. Sediments and benthos collected from four transects across the continental shelf and shelf edge, associated side scan sonar and echosounder records and underwater video recordings, have been analysed and synthesised to identify the WSS sedimentary facies. The calcareous macrofauna whose skeletal remains contribute to the sediments have been identified from sorted subsamples and a spreadsheet of some 260 taxa has been statistically analysed to assist in community and facies recognition. The calcareous macrofauna, the sites of carbonate production on the shelf, and the taphonomic processes which affect the condition and preservability of the sediments, have been identified and assessed. Because most non-tropical carbonate sediments are produced biologically, their character is controlled by the indigenous organisms. In this modern WSS setting, certain taxa and associations of taxa play important roles in the carbonate system and these are identified and classified as sedimentary facies. The shell gravels and calcareous sands are focused around southern Shetland, Foula and Fair Isle as Facies Association A. The Ditrupa sediments of the distal middle and outer shelf form two Facies Associations, B and C respectively, and the highly distinctive shelf edge sediments are Facies 17. Viewed from a faunal perspective three recurring communities have been described as biotas, on the basis of their taxonomic composition which has played a dominant role in WSS facies classification. These facies and biotas are recognised elsewhere in the NEACP. Globally, non-tropical shelf carbonates occur at latitudes> 30°. The WSS setting is compared and contrasted with its southern hemisphere counterparts in south Australia and New Zealand. The findings in this thesis are synthesised with the work of others whose studies have been focused in the study area, in order to define the WSS depositional environments and their controls.
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Majoni, Sandra. "Effects of shelf-life on phytonutrient composition in stored non-alcoholic beer." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006majonis.pdf.

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Kim, Baeck Oon. "Modeling storm-induced sediment transport on the inner shelf: Effects of bed microstratigraphy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616714.

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Sediment transport during a storm event on the inner continental shelf was detailed through the development of models based on field experiments conducted at Duck, North Carolina in October 1994. A vertical one-dimensional model (1DV model) was developed by coupling the Grant and Madsen (1986) model with bed stratigraphy to consider real seabeds. Sediment was divided into seven size classes and fractional transport was estimated. Mixing depth and total depth from a simplified sediment conservation equation provided the basis for changing bottom sediment, sediment availability for transport, and armoring processes. These processes involve a feedback between hydrodynamics and bed stratigraphy. A horizontal one-dimensional, depth-resolved model (1DH model) was developed to predict inner-shelf morphological changes. Flow and shear stress fields were calculated using a simple wave transformation model combined with the Jenter and Madsen (1989) model. Sediment flux was computed in relation to fractional transport and armoring processes. The sediment conservation equation was numerically solved to yield bed elevation changes associated with individual size classes. Predictions of suspended sediment concentrations from both models were adjusted by the resuspension coefficient &\gamma\sb0&, resulting in &\gamma\sb0& = 0.001 for the 1DV model and &\gamma\sb0& = 0.002 for the IDH model, respectively. The coupling in the 1DV model was critical to predicting suspended sediment concentrations. Hydrodynamic variables, however, were not significantly affected by changing bottom sediment. Predicted suspended sediment concentrations were higher during the waning phase of the storm than during the erosional phase. Modeled bed stratigraphy showed fining upward sequences. Wind-driven processes on the inner shelf were interpreted using the 1DH model. The magnitude and the direction of horizontal sediment flux were explained in terms of wind-driven currents. Waves produced a sigmoidal-shaped vertical concentration distribution, explaining horizontal gradients of suspended sediment concentrations. The steepness of the sediment flux gradient due to the waves was correlated with wave height. Synchronization of currents and waves was necessary for large flux divergence and morphological changes. During downwelling currents, deposition occurred on the shoreface whereas upwelling currents were accompanied by shoreface/inner shelf erosion. The inner shelf thus responded as either the sink of sediment or the source of sediment.
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Tyler, Carla Gutierrez. "Acceptability and Shelf-Life of Fresh and Pasteurized Crab Meat Stored Under Different Environmental Conditions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41293.

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Crab meat is important to the economy of coastal Virginia. The objectives of this study were to complete a shelf-life study on two different packaging styles of fresh crab meat and to test the inhibition capabilities of Carnobacterium piscicola against the pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In a shelf-life study, a 12 ounce food grade polyethylene traditional snap-lid container of fresh crab meat was compared to an 8 ounce SimpleStep® trays with Cryovac⠢ film of equally fresh crab meat sealed with 10,000 cc/m2/24hr oxygen transmission rate (OTR) film. Eleven g samples were used for the microbial shelf-life study conducted at 4oC for 12 days. Aerobic plate counts of crab meat indicated microbial growth from the SimpleStep® trays with Cryovac⠢ film in 10,000 cc/m2/24hr OTR versus the polyethylene snap-lid was not significant (P>0.05). In objective two, 25 g samples of fresh and pasteurized blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat were inoculated with 0.1ml of each, C. piscicola and L. monocytogenes. Three different concentrations of the inoculation levels were studied on select days at both 4oC and 10oC. Microbial spoilage was defined as 107 CFU/g. In fresh crab meat, at both 4oC and 10oC, crab meat spoilage occurred at 7 days or less. In the pasteurized crab meat, at 4oC and 10oC, spoilage did not occur prior to 26 days, and studies were terminated at 28 days of storage. The growth of the two organisms in fresh crab meat was found to be significant for the differing concentration levels and sampling days (P<0.05). The growth of the two organisms in pasteurized crab meat was significant for different concentration levels, sampling days and temperature (P<0.05). In both fresh and pasteurized crab meat, regardless of the inoculation ratios, the L. monocytogenes and C.piscicola followed similar growth trends, but L. monocytogenes was higher in the 2:2 CFU/g concentration and lower at the 6:2 CFU/g concentration level. Although C. piscicola did not completely inhibit L. monocytogenes growth at any concentration ratio, some inhibition was observed.
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Düsterhöft, Tobias [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Hübner, and Heinrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhn. "Optimization models for shelf space allocation in retail stores [cumulative dissertation] / Tobias Düsterhöft ; Alexander Hübner, Heinrich Kuhn." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216557500/34.

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Books on the topic "Store shelf"

1

ill, Volquartz Per, ed. The doll on the top shelf. Los Altos, CA: Owl's House Press, 1998.

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Mercato, Sharon. The shell people: My story of schizophrenia. Brampton, Ont: Ashlar House Pub. & Promotions, 1992.

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Lofthouse, Alistair. Shiny Sheff: The story of sheffield's fighting ships. Sheffield: ALD Design & Print, 1998.

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illustrator, McNicholas Shelagh, ed. Crab's new shell: A look and learn story. Bath, UK: Parragon, 2008.

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Feather, Magic. Sipurah shel neshamah: The story of a soul. Tel Aviv: Contento De Semrik, 2013.

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Stone, bone, antler & shell: Artifacts of the Northwest coast. 2nd ed. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1996.

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Prather, Richard S. Hot rock rumble: The double take : a Shell Scott story. Brooklyn, N.Y: Gryphon Books, 1994.

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Sigan, Simha. ha- Ḳerav ʻal ha-madaf: Ha-raʻayonot ha-menutsaḥim shel rishtot ha-shiṿuḳ ha-movilot. Tel-Aviv: Yediʻit aḥaronot, 2006.

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Pilcher, Rosamunde. The shell seekers: Wild mountain thyme ; The day of the storm. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1994.

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Erets Yiśraʼel ha-nisteret: Sipuram shel ha-seliḳim u-ṭoldoṭehem. Yerushalayim: Ariʼel, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Store shelf"

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Kümpel, Michaela, Christian A. Mueller, and Michael Beetz. "Semantic Digital Twins for Retail Logistics." In Dynamics in Logistics, 129–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88662-2_7.

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AbstractAs digitization advances, stationary retail is increasingly enabled to develop novel retail services aiming at enhancing efficiency of business processes ranging from in-store logistics to customer shopping experiences. In contrast to online stores, stationary retail digitization demands for an integration of various data like location information, product information, or semantic information in order to offer services such as customer shopping assistance, product placement recommendations, or robotic store assistance.We introduce the semantic Digital Twin (semDT) as a semantically enhanced virtual representation of a retail store environment, connecting a symbolic knowledge base with a scene graph. The ontology-based symbolic knowledge base incorporates various interchangeable knowledge sources, allowing for complex reasoning tasks that enhance daily processes in retail business. The scene graph provides a realistic 3D model of the store, which is enhanced with semantic information about the store, its shelf layout, and contained products. Thereby, the semDT knowledge base can be reasoned about and visualized and simulated in applications from web to robot systems. The semDT is demonstrated in three use cases showcasing disparate platforms interacting with the semDT: Optimization of product replenishment; customer support using AR applications; retail store visualization, and simulation in a virtual environment.
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Patra, Sushree S., Pranav Saboo, Sachin U. Arakeri, Shantam D. Mogali, Zaid Ahmed, and Matthew A. Lanham. "Leveraging Insights from “Buy-Online Pickup-in-Store” Data to Improve On-Shelf Availability." In Advances in Data Science and Information Engineering, 417–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71704-9_28.

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Bell, Charles. "Example: Document Store Development." In Introducing MySQL Shell, 275–335. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5083-9_7.

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Bell, Charles. "Using the Shell with a Document Store." In Introducing MySQL Shell, 231–73. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5083-9_6.

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Bell, Charles. "The MySQL Shell." In Introducing the MySQL 8 Document Store, 135–74. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2725-1_4.

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Pradhan, Satyabrata, Ipsita Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar, and Naveen Kumar Maurya. "Chemical Treatments for Shelf Life Enhancement of Stone Fruits." In Production Technology of Stone Fruits, 253–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8920-1_10.

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Ochs, F., W. Heidemann, A. Lichtenfels, and H. Müller-Steinhagen. "Seasonal Hot Water Heat Store With Self-Supporting Shell Cover." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 2761–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_557.

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Coutelieris, F. A., and A. Kanavouras. "Modelling the Shelf Life of Packaged Olive Oil Stored at Various Conditions." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2004, 257–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28073-1_39.

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Semancik, Susan K., and Annette M. Conger. "The Standard Autonomous File Server, a Customized, Off-The-Shelf Success Story." In COTS-Based Software Systems, 234–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45588-4_22.

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Yan, Kun, and Shusen Cheng. "Stress and Deformation Analysis of Top Combustion Hot Blast Stove Shell." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017, 757–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_83.

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Conference papers on the topic "Store shelf"

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Arce-Lopera, Carlos, Gilberto Avendaño, Brayan Rodríguez, and Daniela Victoria. "In store shelf display technology for enhancing customer brand recognition." In OzCHI '18: 30th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292186.

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Agnihotram, Gopichand, Navya Vepakomma, Suyog Trivedi, Sumanta Laha, Nick Isaacs, Srividya Khatravath, Pradeep Naik, and Rajesh Kumar. "Combination of Advanced Robotics and Computer Vision for Shelf Analytics in a Retail Store." In 2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2017.13.

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Larson, D. J., D. Lawrence, D. Olson, T. J. Prosa, R. M. Ulfig, D. A. Reinhard, P. H. Clifton, T. F. Kelly, and W. Lefebvre. "From the Store Shelf to Device-Level Atom Probe Analysis: An Exercise in Feasibility." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0189.

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Abstract There are many opportunities in semiconductor processing where atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of a finished product is desirable; competitive analysis and failure analysis are two good examples, and only recently have APT results been obtained from fully processed "off-the-shelf" transistor structures that are part of a finished product. This paper explores the feasibility of APT analysis for fully packaged integrated-circuit microelectronic devices by detailing the various options available in specimen preparation and the resulting analyses. The goal of this work is to take an off-the-shelf microelectronics product and perform APT analysis on various device-level components. This work demonstrates that a wealth of high quality information may be obtained from site-specific APT analysis of post-production microelectronic devices. The yield of useful results from such analyses has not yet been determined, but the small number of specimens analyses (four) yielded quality results in the first attempt.
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Cheng, Yan. "A simulation-based genetic algorithm for dynamic product assortment of high effect shelf in retailing store." In 2010 7th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2010.5530118.

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Higa, Kyota, and Kota Iwamoto. "Robust Estimation of Product Amount on Store Shelves from a Surveillance Camera for Improving On-Shelf Availability." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ist.2018.8577157.

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Jadhav, S. V., S. S. Wangikar, A. M. Kulkarni, M. K. Patil, A. A. Bansode, and A. A. Mulani. "Development of a Compact Solar Vegetable Dehydrator." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.21.

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Agricultural products, such as, vegetables are generally perishable and are difficult to store. Drying is one method to reduce the increase their shelf life. Dehydrators use different type of energy as per availability and requirement. Solar dehydrators are more popular since they use renewable solar energy. In this paper such a domestic passive solar dehydrator is designed and analysed for its utility and effectiveness. The dehydrator is designed for converting the perishable agricultural products into powders so that it can be stored and used for longer time. It is designed in two parts. The first part work as a solar energy collector and the second part works as the dehydrator. The heat from solar radiations is imparted to the air in the solar collector. This hot air is used in dehydrator foe drying agricultural products. The experimentation has been performed for different temperatures and flow velocity of air varying for different vegetables depending on their moisture content and time required to remove the moisture. It is observed that drying at different temperature is required for different vegetables to convert them into powder. The taste and colour of the powder produced are found to be good. Therefore, it is suitable and affordable even for farmers with lesser quantity of products.
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Johnson, David H., Robert J. Michael, Michael C. Pollino, Joseph D. Redovan, Eric E. Moser, and Blake A. Macdonald. "Development of a Seismic Isolation System for Commercial Storage Racks." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89112.

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This paper provides an overview of an analysis performed on a new base isolation system developed for seismic isolation of steel pallet storage racks. Pallet storage racks are often found in warehousing for material storage and are designed to store materials on pallets in horizontal rows with multiple levels which are accessed by forklift trucks. The new isolation system provides seismic isolation in the cross-aisle direction by incorporating heavily damped elastomeric bearings (referred to here as seismic mounts) and low-friction bearing plates. The objective of the base isolation system is to reduce horizontal accelerations of the rack to eliminate product shedding and structural damage during a major earthquake without interfering with normal, day-to-day material handling operations. The paper presents a summary of numerical results (transient structural, finite element analysis simulation) comparing storage rack response against actual tests performed on a triaxial shake table in the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) at the University at Buffalo (see Filiatrault[1] et al. 2008 for comprehensive test details). The simulation model was then used to determine a set of optimal seismic isolation parameters that satisfy the practical range of rack shelf loads and configurations that can be expected in typical warehouse and store installations.
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Eldaly, Mamdouh, Ashish Pokharel, Michael Petralia, Runar Unnthorsson, and Robert Dell. "Thermoelectric Generator-Based System for Energizing Low-Power Communication and Geolocation Electronics." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12254.

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Abstract A small-scale thermoelectric generator (TEG) system produces a power of 1.43 W at a temperature differential between the thermoelectric module (TEM) surfaces of 70.00°C. This can cold-start a GSM locator and broadcast coordinates using an SMS message. Ultra-low power off-the-shelf electronics are combined to produce a reliable cellular signal and generate the coordinates, eliminating the need for dedicated GPS modules and reducing the total power consumption. A supercapacitor-based charging system was designed to store charge from the TEMs and discharge a constant 5.2 V to power the electronics. The system requires approximately 60 seconds from a cold start to send geographic coordinates. Designs for several cold blocks, used to generate the temperature differential for the TEMs, were investigated, including designs utilizing phase-change material (PCM) and water.
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Pazzaglia, Giulia, Marco Mameli, Emanuele Frontoni, Primo Zingaretti, Rocco Pietrini, Davide Manco, and Valerio Placidi. "A Deep Learning Approach for Product Detection in Intelligent Retail Environment." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71462.

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Abstract A planogram is the graphical representation of the way a given number of products are positioned within the shelves in a store. The creation of a correct planogram is a fundamental tool for a store’s performance: it helps to increase sales and achieve maximum customer satisfaction by reducing out-of-stocks. To this end, this work aims to provide an automatic object recognition based system that allows the operator to verify the correctness of a planogram. For image acquisition, either low-cost battery-powered cameras positioned on the opposite side of the shelf or simply a tablet with a dedicated app can be used. These tools are connected to the cloud where the detection and matching phases are performed. The experimental results come from a real environment.
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Czachorski, Marek, John Kelly, and Kevin Olsen. "Heat Recovery From Commercial On-Site Power Generation System: Desiccant Dehumidification vs. Absorption Cooling." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42576.

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As commercial building on-site power generation technologies mature to the point of becoming “off-the-shelf” products, the importance of effective heat recovery is demonstrated time and time again in applications where three to six year paybacks typically are necessary to convince building owners to purchase and install these new technologies. This paper explores the effectiveness and economic benefit of different methods of utilizing recoverable heat from on-site power generation equipment in commercial buildings (Cooling, Heating and Power systems – CHP). An optimal configuration of heat recovery options is explored based on analysis of heat recovery from microturbine(s) exhaust to support commercial building heating and cooling/dehumidification needs. Benefits of recovering heat for space heating/domestic hot water production and to support desiccant dehumidification vs. absorption cooling are studied in five different building types (large supermarket, large retail store, medium size office building, full service restaurant and quick service restaurant). Buildings are evaluated at four different geographical locations, allowing additional study of the climatic conditions on the optimum heat recovery system configuration for specific building types. A sophisticated model, incorporating performance algorithms of state-of-the-art power generation, dehumidification and absorption cooling equipment, is used for calculating annual energy/cost savings for CHP systems and optimization of basic parameters, such as generator size/number and heat recovery equipment selection.
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Reports on the topic "Store shelf"

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Wiberg, Patricia. Formation and Characteristics of Storm-generated Event Beds on the Continental Shelf: Evidence from Shelf Transport Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628589.

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Li, M. Z., Q. Zou, C. Hannah, W. Perrie, R. Prescott, and B. Toulany. Numerical modelling of seabed disturbance and sediment mobility, with applications to morphodynamics on the storm-dominated Sable Island Bank, Scotian Shelf. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/247853.

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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, ‎color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components ‎involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.

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Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Islands in the midnight sun: the story of the Polar Continental Shelf Project. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208402.

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