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He, Miaomiao. "Analysis of underground thermal energy storage systems with ground water advection in subtropical regions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38642761.
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He, Miaomiao, and 何苗苗. "Analysis of underground thermal energy storage systems with ground water advection in subtropical regions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38642761.
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Gopaul, Seewoosunkur. "Parasitic infections and storage iron deficiency in children in impoverished regions of Mauritius." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10979/.
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Using a combination of techniques including relative deprivation index developed by the Government, school performance, household survey and drawing of lots, a sample frame constituting of poverty areas of Mauritius was constructed and four test areas identified. Relevant haematological, parasitological and biochemical parameters of all school-going children living in the four test areas were determined so as to study the possibility of correlation between parasitic infections, plasma ferritin, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells count, packed cells volume and blood group. It was found that there is a negative correlation between the number of parasites and haemoglobin concentration, packed cells volume of blood and degree of infestation, number of parasites and ferritin and number of parasites and age of subject. It has also been found that, children with blood group 'A' and blood group '0' tend to harbour the most parasites. As regards to storage iron depletion, this is significant only with hookworm infestation. Additionally it has been noted that hookworm infestation is directly related to age contrary to other parasitic infestations.
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Dahrén, Börje. "Investigating Magma Plumbing Beneath Anak Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia : Evidence for Multiple Magma Storage Regions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-137309.
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Improving our understanding of magma plumbing and storage remains one of the majorchallenges for petrologists and volcanologists today. This is especially true for explosivevolcanoes, where constraints on magma plumbing are essential for predicting dynamicchanges in future activity and thus for hazard mitigation. This study aims to investigate themagma plumbing system at Anak Krakatau; the post-collapse cone situated on the rim of the1883 Krakatau caldera. Since 1927, Anak Krakatau has been highly active, growing at a rateof ~8 cm/week. The methods employed are a.) clinopyroxene-melt thermo-barometry (Putirkaet al., 2003; Putirka, 2008), b.) plagioclase-melt thermo-barometry (Putirka, 2005), c.)clinopyroxene composition barometry (Nimis & and Ulmer, 1998; Nimis, 1999; Putirka,2008) and d.) olivine-melt thermometry (Putirka et al., 2007). Previously, both seismic(Harjono et al., 1989) and petrological studies (Camus et al., 1987; Mandeville et al., 1996a;Gardner et al., in review, J. Petrol.) have addressed the magma plumbing beneath AnakKrakatau. Interestingly, petrological studies indicate shallow magma storage in the region of2-8 km, while the seismic evidence points towards a mid-crustal and a deep storage, at 9 and22 km respectively.This study shows that clinopyroxene presently crystallizes in a mid-crustal storage region(8-12 km), a previously identified depth level for magma storage, using seismic methods(Harjono et al., 1989). Plagioclases, in turn, form at shallower depths (4-6 km), in concertwith previous petrological studies (Camus et al., 1987; Mandeville et al., 1996a; Gardner etal., in review, J. Petrol.). Pre-1981 clinopyroxenes record deeper levels of storage (8-22 km),indicating that there may have been an overall shallowing of the plumbing system over thelast ~40 years. The magma storage regions detected coincide with major lithologicalboundaries in the crust, implying that magma ascent and storage at Anak Krakatau is probablycontrolled by crustal discontinuities and/or density contrasts. Therefore, this study shows thatpetrology has the sensitivity to detect magma bodies in the crust where seismic surveys faildue to limited resolution. Combined geophysical and petrological surveys offer an increasedpotential for the thorough characterization of magma plumbing at active volcanic complexes.
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Stolberg, Daniel J. "Rehabilitation studies on tailings storage facilities in an arid hypersaline region /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19168.pdf.
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Schintler, Laurie A., and Manfred M. Fischer. "The Analysis of Big Data on Cites and Regions - Some Computational and Statistical Challenges." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6637/1/2018%2D10%2D28_Big_Data_on_cities_and_regions_untrack_changes.pdf.
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Big Data on cities and regions bring new opportunities and challenges to data analysts and city planners. On the one side, they hold great promise to combine increasingly detailed data for each citizen with critical infrastructures to plan, govern and manage cities and regions, improve their sustainability, optimize processes and maximize the provision of public and private services. On the other side, the massive sample size and high-dimensionality of Big Data and their geo-temporal character introduce unique computational and statistical challenges. This chapter provides overviews on the salient characteristics of Big Data and how these features impact on paradigm change of data management and analysis, and also on the computing environment.Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Borba, Gustavo Benvenutti. "Automatic extraction of regions of interest from images based on visual attention models." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1295.
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UOL; CAPESEsta tese apresenta um método para a extração de regiões de interesse (ROIs) de imagens. No contexto deste trabalho, ROIs são definidas como os objetos semânticos que se destacam em uma imagem, podendo apresentar qualquer tamanho ou localização. O novo método baseia-se em modelos computacionais de atenção visual (VA), opera de forma completamente bottom-up, não supervisionada e não apresenta restrições com relação à categoria da imagem de entrada. Os elementos centrais da arquitetura são os modelos de VA propostos por Itti-Koch-Niebur e Stentiford. O modelo de Itti-Koch-Niebur considera as características de cor, intensidade e orientação da imagem e apresenta uma resposta na forma de coordenadas, correspondentes aos pontos de atenção (POAs) da imagem. O modelo Stentiford considera apenas as características de cor e apresenta a resposta na forma de áreas de atenção na imagem (AOAs). Na arquitetura proposta, a combinação de POAs e AOAs permite a obtenção dos contornos das ROIs. Duas implementações desta arquitetura, denominadas 'primeira versão' e 'versão melhorada' são apresentadas. A primeira versão utiliza principalmente operações tradicionais de morfologia matemática. Esta versão foi aplicada em dois sistemas de recuperação de imagens com base em regiões. No primeiro, as imagens são agrupadas de acordo com as ROIs, ao invés das características globais da imagem. O resultado são grupos de imagens mais significativos semanticamente, uma vez que o critério utilizado são os objetos da mesma categoria contidos nas imagens. No segundo sistema, á apresentada uma combinação da busca de imagens tradicional, baseada nas características globais da imagem, com a busca de imagens baseada em regiões. Ainda neste sistema, as buscas são especificadas através de mais de uma imagem exemplo. Na versão melhorada da arquitetura, os estágios principais são uma análise de coerência espacial entre as representações de ambos modelos de VA e uma representação multi-escala das AOAs. Se comparada à primeira versão, esta apresenta maior versatilidade, especialmente com relação aos tamanhos das ROIs presentes nas imagens. A versão melhorada foi avaliada diretamente, com uma ampla variedade de imagens diferentes bancos de imagens públicos, com padrões-ouro na forma de bounding boxes e de contornos reais dos objetos. As métricas utilizadas na avaliação foram presision, recall, F1 e area of overlap. Os resultados finais são excelentes, considerando-se a abordagem exclusivamente bottom-up e não-supervisionada do método.
This thesis presents a method for the extraction of regions of interest (ROIs) from images. By ROIs we mean the most prominent semantic objects in the images, of any size and located at any position in the image. The novel method is based on computational models of visual attention (VA), operates under a completely bottom-up and unsupervised way and does not present con-straints in the category of the input images. At the core of the architecture is de model VA proposed by Itti, Koch and Niebur and the one proposed by Stentiford. The first model takes into account color, intensity, and orientation features and provides coordinates corresponding to the points of attention (POAs) in the image. The second model considers color features and provides rough areas of attention (AOAs) in the image. In the proposed architecture, the POAs and AOAs are combined to establish the contours of the ROIs. Two implementations of this architecture are presented, namely 'first version' and 'improved version'. The first version mainly on traditional morphological operations and was applied in two novel region-based image retrieval systems. In the first one, images are clustered on the basis of the ROIs, instead of the global characteristics of the image. This provides a meaningful organization of the database images, since the output clusters tend to contain objects belonging to the same category. In the second system, we present a combination of the traditional global-based with region-based image retrieval under a multiple-example query scheme. In the improved version of the architecture, the main stages are a spatial coherence analysis between both VA models and a multiscale representation of the AOAs. Comparing to the first one, the improved version presents more versatility, mainly in terms of the size of the extracted ROIs. The improved version was directly evaluated for a wide variety of images from different publicly available databases, with ground truth in the form of bounding boxes and true object contours. The performance measures used were precision, recall, F1 and area overlap. Experimental results are of very high quality, particularly if one takes into account the bottom-up and unsupervised nature of the approach.
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Moreira, Gabriel Costa Monteiro. "Genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions and positional candidate genes for fat deposition in chickens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17072018-191146/.
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Excess of fat deposition is a negative factor for poultry production, which affects feed efficiency and consequently the costs of meat production. The incorporation of genomic tools in poultry breeding programs may help to accelerate the selection for increased production efficiency. In this context, we genotyped approximately 2,000 42 days-old chickens from two different populations (Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population and TT broiler Reference Population) using a high-density SNP array (600K, Affymetrix) to estimate genomic heritability of fatness-related traits, to identify genomic regions and positional candidate genes (PCGs) associated with these traits. We performed genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis using GenSel software (Bayesian approach) to identify 1 Mb genomic windows associated with abdominal fat, skin and carcass fat content traits. The search for PCGs were made within each genomic windows associated considering their Gene Ontology (GO) terms and also the literature information. We also integrated into this study NGS-SNPs data from both populations and selection signature regions identified in Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population to refine the list of PCGs. The genomic heritability values for fatness-related traits were from moderate to high (greater than 0.30). We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abdominal fat, skin and carcass fat content traits harboring several PCGs involved in biological processes of fat deposition. We identified several NGS-SNPs annotated in potential functional regions in our PCGs and some of those were predicted as deleterious and high impact mutations. Besides that, some genes overlapped with selection signature regions in Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population. Important candidate genes for fat deposition were identified, providing new insights to achieve a better understanding of the genetic control of fat deposition in chickens.O excesso de deposição de gordura é um fator negativo para a produção de aves, o que afeta a eficiência alimentar e consequentemente os custos da produção de carne. A incorporação das ferramentas genômicas em programas de melhoramento de aves pode ajudar a acelerar a seleção para aumentar a eficiência da produção. Neste contexto, genotipamos cerca de 2.000 aves de 42 dias de duas populações diferentes (população F2 experimental brasileira e população de corte referência TT) usando um chip de SNPs de alta densidade (600K, Affymetrix) para estimar a herdabilidade genômica de características relacionadas à deposição de gordura, para identificar regiões genômicas e genes candidatos posicionais (PCGs) associados a essas características. Realizamos análises de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) usando o programa GenSel (abordagem Bayesiana) para identificar janelas genômicas de 1 Mb associadas com características de gordura abdominal, pele e conteúdo de gordura na carcaça. A busca por PCGs foi feita dentro de cada janela genômica associada, considerando os Gene Ontology (GO) terms e também a informação da literatura. Integramos neste estudo NGS-SNPs identificados em animais parentais de ambas as populações, e além disso, regiões de assinaturas de seleção identificadas na população F2 experimental brasileira para refinar a lista de PCGs. Os valores de herdabilidade genômica para as características relacionadas à gordura foram de moderado a alto (maior que 0,30). Identificamos QTL para características de gordura abdominal, pele e conteúdo de gordura na carcaça contendo PCGs envolvidos em processos biológicos de deposição de gordura. Identificamos vários NGS-SNPs anotados em regiões potencialmente funcionais em nossos PCGs e alguns desses foram preditos como mutações deletérias e de alto impacto. Além disso, alguns genes se sobrepuseram com regiões de assinatura de seleção na população F2 experimental brasileira. Foram identificados importantes genes candidatos para a deposição de gordura, fornecendo novos insights para alcançar uma melhor compreensão do controle genético da deposição de gordura em frangos.
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Galletti, Andrea. "Detailed simulation of storage hydropower systems in the Italian Alpine Region." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/266707.
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The water-energy nexus holds paramount relevance in the context of the transition to a carbon free energy system, being water the only renewable energy source with reliable storage capacity.
Modelling hydropower production in a large domain over a long time window represents an open challenge due to a variety of reasons: firstly, high-resolution, large-scale hydrological modelling in a context of uncertainty needs calibration, thus representing a computationally intensive task due to the large domain and time window over which calibration is needed; secondly, as stated by many works in literature, hydropower production modelling and in particular reservoir modelling is a very information-demanding procedure, and excessive simplifications adopted to face the lack of information might lead to consistent bias in the predictions.
This thesis can be subdivided into three main parts: firstly, the model that was used to perform every analysis, HYPERstreamHS, will be presented. The model is a continuous, large-scale hydrological model embedding a dual-layer MPI framework (i.e. Message Passing Interface, a common standard in parallel computing) that ensures optimal scalability of the model, greatly reducing the computation time needed. Explicit simulation of water diversions due to hydropower production is also included in the model, and adopts only publicly available information, making the model widely applicable. Secondly, a first validation of the model will be presented, and the adopted approach will be compared with some other approaches commonly found in literature, showing that the inclusion of a high level of detail is crucial to ensure a reliable performance of the model; this first application was performed on the Adige catchment, where extensive information on human systems was available, and allowed to effectively assess which information were indispensable and which, in turn, could be simplified to some extent while preserving model performance. Finally, the model setup has been applied on a relevant portion of the Western Italian Alps; in this case, two different meteorological input forcing data sets were adopted, in order to assess the differences in their performance in terms of hydropower production modelling. This latter study indeed represents a preliminary analysis and will provide stepping stone to extend the modelling framework to the Italian Alpine Region.
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Tilahun, Mastewal Alemu. "Feasibility Study of Pumped Storage System for Application in Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91755.
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In these days environmental issues are critical. Environmental concerns mainly rise from energy productions. Fortunately Ethiopia is trying to use renewable energy sources as a means for electrical power production and it is a great start for a long, tiresome green energy journey. The basic job to be done in green energy sectors is to maximize the capacity of renewable technologies to fulfil the best efficiency. Intermittent nature of the energy production and their inefficiency to meet peak load demands are the basic problems in renewable energy sectors. Ethiopia’s electrical power production is mainly dependent on hydropower; according to latest data from EEPCO hydro covers 88% of the total production. There are two major nature of this power plant; since the working medium is water it is mainly dependent on the nature of the seasons and secondly it rarely meets peak load demands. After the erection of the power plant the energy production is not time dependent; it can produce power continuously; but the consumption is time dependent which is defined as peak hours and off-peak hours. There is excess load in time of off-peak hours and scarcity in peak hours. So this work can help to maximize the capacity of the water for production by using technological advancements to produce lot of energy in almost full capacity throughout the year to full fill the need of our country. Tana Beles hydropower plant is the largest hydropower plant which starts to work in May, 2010 with an investment cost of $500 million and capacity of 460 MW. The project is planted in Amhara region using the water source of Lake Tana. To make this large and very necessary renewable energy resource sustainable using energy storage system will be vital. This study will figure out a pumped storage system for the hydropower plant for additional power production and for the sustainability of the water resource. Pumped storage system is the only viable, large-scale resource that is being broadly utilized today for storing energy, and it offers the best option available for harnessing off-peak generation from renewable sources. The contributions of pumped storage hydro to our nation’s transmission grid by providing stability services, storage capacity needs, and expanding the green job market are considerable today. The high energy demand of the pump will be considered to be covered using the excess electrical power production during night or weekends and if the resource is available using wind solar PV hybrid systems. The author will try to assess the technology not only for other mini hydro power plants but also for irrigation and other purposes merely in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The feasibility of the system will be considered technically and economically for the hydropower plant.
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Mishra, Umakant. "PREDICTING STORAGE AND DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AT A REGIONAL SCALE." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243890700.
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Santos, Mariana Costa Cruz. "Evaluation of different extenders for cold storage of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) semen." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13661.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaSemen refrigeration is usually recommended as a cheap and simple procedure that facilitates artificial reproduction techniques. The main objective of this experiment was to develop a semen refrigeration protocol for meagre that is considered a potential candidate for aquaculture diversification in Southern Europe. This thesis also contributes for the understanding of the causes of the fish sperm quality degradation during refrigeration. Three extenders (non-activating medium (Fauvel et al., 1998); NaCl 0.9% and; NaCl 0.9% with glycine and glucose) and three different dilutions (1:4, 1:9 and 1:19, sperm:extender) were tested in a full factorial design. The following quality parameters were assessed along the storage time: sperm motility parameters; percentage of viable sperm; adenosine triphosphate (ATP); lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA); and bacteriology. The 0.9% NaCl and the 0.9% NaCl with glycine and glucose extenders and the dilutions 1:4 and 1:9 kept a higher percentage of motile cells for longer, as well as higher sperm velocity. Sperm viability and ATP had better results with 0.9% NaCl and the 0.9% NaCl with glycine and glucose extenders. The MDA values were lower in treatments with dilution 1:4 when compared to those with dilution 1:9. In the CFU/ml values, no differences were found between extenders and dilutions. Motility parameters were strongly correlated with viability, whereas no or weak correlations existed with the remaining parameters. Thus, motility and viability seem to have the most impact in the loss of semen quality. According to the results, meagre semen could be kept refrigerated using 0.9% NaCl, in dilution 1:4, for up to 10 days.
RESUMO - AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DILUIDORES PARA A REFRIGERAÇÃO DE SÉMEN DE CORVINA (ARGYROSOMUS REGIUS) - A refrigeração de sémen é tipicamente recomendada como um procedimento barato e simples que facilita as técnicas de reprodução artificial. O principal objectivo desta experiência foi desenvolver um protocolo de refrigeração de sémen para a corvina, que é considerada uma potencial candidata para a diversificação de aquacultura no sul da Europa. Esta tese contribui também para a compreensão das causas da degradação da qualidade de sémen de peixe durante a refrigeração. Três diluidores (non-activating medium (Fauvel et al., 1998); NaCl 0,9%; e NaCl 0,9% com glicina e glucose) em três diferentes diluições (1:4, 1:9 e 1:19, sémen:diluidor) foram testados num plano factorial completo. Os seguintes parâmetros de qualidade espermática foram avaliados ao longo do tempo de armazenamento: parâmetros de mobilidade do sémen; percentagem de espermatozoides viáveis; adenosina trifosfato (ATP); peroxidação lipídica na forma de malondialdeído (MDA); e bacteriologia. Os diluidores NaCl 0,9% e NaCl 0,9% com glicina e glucose e as diluições 1:4 e 1:9 mantiveram uma percentagem de células móveis mais elevada por mais tempo, bem como maior velocidade dos espermatozóides. A viabilidade e o ATP tiveram melhores resultados com NaCl 0,9% e NaCl 0,9% com glicina e glucose. Os valores de MDA foram mais baixos em tratamentos com as diluições 1:4, quando comparados com aqueles com as diluições 1:9. Nos valores de bacteriologia não foram encontradas diferenças entre diluidores e diluições testadas. Os parâmetros de mobilidade correlacionaram-se fortemente com a viabilidade, enquanto inexistentes ou fracas correlações foram encontradas entre os restantes parâmetros. Por conseguinte, mobilidade e viabilidade parecem ter o maior impacto na perda de qualidade do sémen. De acordo com os resultados, o sémen de corvina pode ser mantido refrigerado usando o diluidor NaCl 0,9% na diluição 1:4 até 10 dias.
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Bruce, Robert Alasdair Wilson. "Impacts of variable renewable generation on thermal power plant operating regimes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20387.
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The integration of variable renewable energy sources (VRE) is likely to cause fundamental and structural changes to the operation of future power systems. In the United Kingdom (UK), large amounts of price-insensitive and variable-output wind generation is expected to be deployed to contribute towards renewable energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission targets. Wind generation, with near-zero marginal costs, limited predictability, and a limited ability to provide upward dispatch, displaces price-setting thermal power plants, with higher marginal costs, changing flexibility and reserve requirements. New-build, commercial-scale, and low-carbon generation capacity, such as CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and nuclear, may impact power system flexibility and ramping capabilities. Low-carbon generation portfolios with price-sensitive thermal power plants and energy storage are therefore likely to be required to manage increased levels of variability and uncertainty at operational timescales. This work builds on a high-resolution wind reanalysis dataset of UK wind sites. The locations of existing and proposed wind farms are used to produce plausible and internally consistent wind deployment scenarios that represent the spatial distribution of future UK wind capacity. Temporally consistent electricity demand data is used to characterise and assess demand-wind variability and net demand ramp events. A unit commitment and economic dispatch (UCED) model is developed to evaluate the likely operating regimes of thermal power plants and CCS-equipped units across a range of future UK wind scenarios. Security constraints for reserve and power plant operating constraints, such as power output limits, ramp rates, minimum up/down times, and start-up times, ensure the operational feasibility of dispatch schedules. The load factors, time spent at different loads, and the ramping and start-up requirements of thermal power plants are assessed. CO2 duration curves are developed to assess the impacts of increasing wind capacity on the distribution of CO2 emissions. A sensitivity analysis investigates the impacts of part-load efficiency losses, ramp rates, minimum up/down times, and start-up/shut-down costs on power plant operating regimes and flexibility requirements. The interactions between a portfolio of energy storage units and flexible CO2 capture units are then explored. This multi-disciplinary research presents a temporally-explicit and detailed assessment of operational flexibility requirements at full 8760 hour resolution, highlighting the non-linear impacts of increasing wind capacity. The methodological framework presented here uses high spatial-and temporal-resolution wind data but is expected to provide useful insights for other VREbased power systems to mitigate the implications of inadequate flexibility.
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Green, Vanessa (Vanessa Layton). "Household water treatment and safe storage options for Northern Region Ghana : consumer preference and relative cost." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43903.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).
A range of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) products are available in Northern Region Ghana which have the potential to significantly improve local drinking water quality. However, to date, the region has failed to see significant HWTS product adoption and sustained use. Therefore, this consumer preference study was conducted to give HWTS implementing organizations a method and tool to help stimulate product uptake by tailoring water quality interventions to local preferences and needs. Ultimately, this work highlights a discrete set of HWTS products most likely to have the greatest impact on local drinking water quality, based on product effectiveness, adoption and sustained use. The research methodology included a consumer preference survey and water quality testing in 237 households in four rural and three urban communities around Tamale, Ghana in January 2008. Turbidity testing and total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) removal were used to assess source water quality. The research confirmed that local purchasing decisions are dominated by a desire for products that offer a major health improvement and have a traditional durable product look, with relatively less importance placed on water taste and look, treatment time and price. The data was used to generate baseline consumer profiles based on a combination of demographic characteristics, source water quality, HWTS product preferences, ability to pay, and purchasing behavior. The consumer profiles reveal that a traditional durable product such as Pure Home Water's Kosim ceramic pot filter is a good fit for communities with turbid source water; however, a portfolio HWTS approach will be required to meet the diverse needs of the northern Ghana population.
(cont.) Specifically, there is a cross-segment need for a safe storage product as well as a low-cost chlorine disinfection option. There is an opportunity for revenue generation through a sachet water business targeted to the high-income segment of the urban market. Finally, continued investment in filtration and flocculation technology options will be required to effectively serve rural communities that utilize surfaces waters with average turbidities >200 NTU.
by Vanessa Green.
M.Eng.
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Kane, David. "CO₂ savings from micro-CHP : influence of operating regimes, demand variations and energy storage." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2607.
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A high temporal precision model was developed to assess the performance of thermal load following micro-CHP system design variants in detail for a number of design days. Carbon savings (relative to a base-case energy system) and prime mover lifetime drivers (thermal cycling and operating duration) were quantified. Novel performance metrics were defined, including Potential Thermal Supply Demand Ratio, and Effective Carbon Intensity of μCHP-Generated Electricity. Significant relative carbon savings were found for design variants with a PTSDR between 0.1-1.5, suggesting that it is a design selection parameter for thermal supply/demand matching. Alternative μCHP operating regimes, restricted seasonal operation, changing thermal demand, fuel and electricity grid carbon intensities, and energy storage (using batteries and hydrogen) were studied. It was found that annual relative carbon savings in excess of 23% were achievable for appropriately-sized design variants, with relatively high electrical efficiency, once a complex control strategy is applied. The control strategy also reduces thermal cycling for the μCHP design variant (versus the Thermal Load Following operating regime), hence increasing prime mover lifetime.
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Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe. "Forest ecosystem services, rural livelihoods and carbon storage in Miombo woodland in the Copperbelt region of Zambia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5873/.
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This study examines the linkage between rural livelihoods and forest ecosystem services under different land uses in Miombo forest socio-ecological systems of Zambia to understand the potential for carbon-based payment for ecosystem service schemes. The research develops and adopts an integrated research methodology in a new framework for ecosystem assessment (FESA) that combines livelihood surveys, ecological surveys and policy analysis to provide an interdisciplinary, multi-level case study analysis. Findings show that forest provisioning ecosystem services (FPES) are vitally important to rural livelihoods as a source of food, medicine, construction material and fodder, and make the highest contribution to household income among diverse livelihood strategies. FPES provided 43.9% of the average household’s income and contributed a 10% income equalisation effect among study households, as revealed by the Gini-coefficient analysis. Poorer households received a lower mean annual income from forests than did their intermediate and wealthy counterparts, but in relative terms, forest income made the greatest contribution to their total household incomes. The study indicates that wealth, rather than gender, was the key determinant of a household’s engagement in the sale of FPES. Results also show that households face multiple shocks and that FPES are the most widely used coping strategy used by households facing idiosyncratic shocks such as illness, death of family members and loss of household assets which changes household consumption patterns. In terms of carbon storage, the study shows that Miombo woodlands are an important carbon store and that carbon storage can recover quickly through regeneration of cleared forests. After forest clearance for charcoal production and slash and burn agriculture, aboveground carbon stocks accumulate rapidly showing no significant differences in carbon stocks between undisturbed woodlands and ≥ 20 year old fallows. Findings however indicate low species similarities suggesting that though Miombo systems recover relatively fast in terms of carbon storage, species composition and biodiversity takes longer to recuperate. Findings of this research show a lack of multi-stakeholder involvement in forest governance, which is hindered by the absence of legislation to ensure stakeholder participation and cost and benefit sharing mechanisms. Policy analysis show inconsistencies between Zambia’s national agricultural, forestry, energy and climate change policies and national statements to multilateral environmental agreements in efforts to address forest loss. Additionally, although national statements to Rio Conventions share common ground on measures to address deforestation, they are poorly mainstreamed into national policies and broader development policies at national level. The agricultural policy’s focus on expanding agricultural land by providing fiscal incentives and subsidised credit provides incentives for deforestation, indicating negative horizontal interaction with the forest policy, while the mutually supportive link through conservation farming is poorly developed. A more holistic landscape management approach would be useful to bridge sectoral divides. A research contribution to the evidence and knowledge base for forests and rural livelihoods is made by this thesis, and empirical findings are detailed on how socio-economic differentiation affects contribution of Miombo FPES to total livelihood portfolios and household incomes. This analysis feeds into broader debates on forest conservation and development by linking FPES and livelihood strategies, which is important in designing long-term forest management strategies and providing national/international policy guidance for similar socio-economic contexts. This study further provides new understanding of the opportunity that carbon storage can bring to increasing financial gains from ecosystem services in local communities who practice slash and burn cultivation and charcoal production, once the carbon stores/changes in the recovery trajectory are established and monitoring schemes initiated. This study makes an applied contribution to forest-based climate change mitigation initiatives such as REDD+ debates by providing a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges of its implementation in view of Miombo woodland use for livelihoods, improved ecological understanding and current policy discourses that converge in the forest sector.
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Syed, Shafiuddin Amer. "Permeability and injectivity enhancement of the near wellbore region fo CO2 enhanmced coalbed methane recovery and CO2 storage." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534965.
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Sergent, Aaronn. "Optimal Sizing and Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Hybrid-Electric, Distributed-Propulsion Regional Aircraft." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595519141013663.
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Vaze, Prabhat Bhaskar. "A model of inter-regional trade and storage of grain : an application to Zimbabwe and Tanzania." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22709.
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This thesis looks at the economics of staples trade in the sub-Saharan region, verifying an economic model using data from the white maize markets of Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Both countries have reformed their grain marketing system in the recent past. In the early 1980s, the government was the main actor in the food distribution system, operating through large state-owned marketing boards. However, under pressure from international agencies, first Tanzania and then Zimbabwe, liberalised their food markets and the role of the private sector increased. The state has remained a player in the market and a mix between public and private marketing system has evolved. White maize is the main staple of both the countries and there is only one harvest, around April. The peculiar agroecology of the crop means that inter-regional trade has to be combined with storage to meet consumer needs. The economics of this food system is analysed using an optimal control framework. In a model of inter-regional trade where there is a single harvest at the start of the period and an external market which fixes a low buying and a high selling price, it is shown that trade is intermittent. In particular, regions would first source consumption from own stocks, then trade and finally purchase grain from the external market until the following years harvest. The model is first investigated using household survey data collected in 1994-95 from 356 households in Buhera Communal Area, Zimbabwe. The harvest was poor and private traders had, for the first time since liberalisation, established direct trade links between food deficit parts of Buhera and surplus neighbouring areas. Also, the analysis gives the first indication of the role of the state marketing agency, post-reform.
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Franzén, Jonas, and Jim Kautto. "Kampanjmottagande : Hur tas Regionförbundet i Kalmar läns kampanj om slutförvar av använt kränbränsle emot av målgruppen?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1928.
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Authors: Jonas Franzén and Jim Kautto
Title: Information campaign analysis of the Region Council of Kalmar Counties public information campaign about final storage of radioactive waste.
Level: BA Thesis in Media and Communication Studies.
Key words: Campaign, Campaign analysis, final storage of radioactive waste, Region Council.
Language: Swedish
Content: The Regional Council of Kalmar County launched a campaign about final storage of radioactive waste in the spring of 2009. This study analyzes how that campaign was received by the target group.
Theory: Following theories have been used in the study; theories of communication, planning of communication, public campaigns and receptions studies.
Method: Methods used in this study is observing people passing the exhibition, asking questions to people passing the exhibition and two focus groups. We also asked questions to people riding the bus where the commercial was shown. Finally we got background information from two interviews with the creators of the campaign.
Results: The campaign was launched based on a political decision. Despite that the decision was vague and that the Region Council was lacking a clear objective and measureable goals, the campaign still came out as a success. Since the objective with the campaign was to broaden the dialogue regarding final storage of radioactive waste, and make the public more informed about what could happen in Oskarshamn if the final storage comes there, the campaign succeeded in waken up some interest from the public opinion. The studies could not determine whether the campaign decreased the public's worries about the final storage of radioactive waste or not.
Number of pages: 49 + appendix
Program: Program for International Communication
Location: University of Kalmar
Institution: Institution of Communication and Design
Period: Spring of 2009
Tutor: Sara Hamqvist
Examiner: Britt-Marie Ringfjord
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Lee, Min. "Memory region: a system abstraction for managing the complex memory structures of multicore platforms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50398.
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The performance of modern many-core systems depends on the effective use of their complex cache and memory structures, and this will likely become more pronounced with the impending arrival of on-chip 3D stacked and non-volatile off-chip byte-addressable memory. Yet to date, operating systems have not treated memory as a first class schedulable resource, embracing memory heterogeneity. This dissertation presents a new software abstraction, called ‘memory region’, which denotes the current set of physical memory pages actively used by workloads. Using this abstraction, memory resources can be scheduled for applications to fully exploit a platform's underlying cache and memory system, thereby gaining improved performance and predictability in execution, particularly for the consolidated workloads seen in virtualized and cloud computing infrastructures. The abstraction's implementation in the Xen hypervisor involves the run-time detection of memory regions, the scheduled mapping of these regions to caches to match performance goals, and maintaining region-to-cache mappings using per-cache page tables. This dissertation makes the following specific contributions. First, its region scheduling method proposes that the location of memory blocks rather than CPU utilization is the principal determinant where workloads are run. It proposes a new scheduling method, the region scheduling that the location of memory blocks determines where the workloads are run. Second, treating memory blocks as first-class resources, new methods for efficient cache management are shown to improve application performance as well as the performance of certain operating system functions. Third, explicit memory scheduling makes it possible to disaggregate operating systems, without the need to change OS sources and with only small markups of target guest OS functionality. With this method, OS functions can be mapped to specific desired platform components, such as file system confined to running on specific cores and using only certain memory resources designated for its use. This can improve performance for applications heavily dependent on certain OS functions, by dynamically providing those functions with the resources needed for their current use, and it can prevent performance-critical application functionality from being needlessly perturbed by OS functions used for other purposes or by other jobs. Fourth, extensions of region scheduling can also help applications deal with the heterogeneous memory resources present in future systems, including on-chip stacked DRAM and NUMA or even NVRAM memory modules. More generally, regions scheduling is shown to apply to memory structures with well-defined differences in memory access latencies.
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Omisca, Erlande. "Environmental Health in the Latin American and Caribbean Region: Use of Water Storage Containers, Water Quality, and Community Perception." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3269.
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Water quality and availability are important issues in many developing countries where portions of populations still lack access to potable water. Throughout the English-speaking Caribbean and parts of Latin America, households and businesses invest in water supply systems even when they are connected to and pay for water services from a private or state owned provider. Inconsistent supplies of water from the water companies have led many people to invest in storage tanks which, if operated correctly, can provide water throughout the day even when the supply from the main is low or zero. While these individual systems help to guarantee a more constant supply of water, they may impact water quality when it does reach the household tap. The tanks could become breeding grounds for vectors of human disease and may also affect the concentrations of bacteria, heavy metals and organics in the water.
The goal of this research was to understand how households use water storage tanks and determine the effect of these tanks and the individual practices on water quality. Target plots were used to visualize linkages between water quality parameters and household surveys of localized water practices and perception on water quality.
The study focused on three field sites: Siparia, Trinidad and Tobago, Region 4 Subset in Guyana, and Villa Litoral, Bolivia. Convenience sampling was used to administer surveys to households in the rural areas of Siparia (39), Region 4 Subset (40), and Villa Litoral (57). The Region 4 Subset is comprised of two rural areas, Mon Repos and Mocha, and Georgetown, the country's capital.
Black, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks and water storage drums are predominantly used in the field sites within Siparia and Region 4 Subset, while cement tanks, drums, and jerry cans are used in Villa Litoral. The average age of household water storage devices was 4-10 years in Siparia and Region 4 Subset, and 0- 3 years in Villa Litoral. These devices were found on various elevations to accommodate piped connection, indoor pumping, and rainwater catchment. Cleaning frequency of tanks in Siparia was every few months, while in Region 4 Subset it varied from weekly to every few months. In Villa Litoral 26.3% of the population surveyed cleaned weekly and 38.6% cleaned annually. Disinfection of water sources was practiced by 30% of residents in Siparia and 60% of residents in the Region 4 Subset. While disinfection was practiced, issues with frequency and correct dosage led to inadequate disinfection. Eighty-four percent of households in Siparia and 50% of households in Region 4 Subset disinfected on a monthly or quarterly basis. Of the households that did disinfect, the bleach and/or disinfectant used was allowed to mix for at least 30 minutes in 50% of households in Siparia and 91.6% of households in the Region 4 Subset. Disinfection was not practiced by the majority of households in Villa Litoral. With regards to health, 15% of households in Region 4 Subset and 40.4% in Villa Litoral reported recent waterborne illnesses among house members.
Water samples were taken from households in Siparia (24), Region 4 Subset (40), and Villa Litoral (26). The majority of households in all three communities relied on piped water from their respective main pump. Those who were not connected to piped water relied on rain water. In the Region 4 Subset, 18% of samples tested positive for fecal coliform and 45% for total coliform. In Villa Litoral, 85% of samples tested positive for fecal coliform and 100% for total coliform. The majority of samples from all three communities exceeded the WHO guideline values for lead (0.01 mg/L) and iron (0.3 mg/L). This was most likely due to the material used in the household plumbing and distribution pipe infrastructure as these could leach.
Five indicators (chemical and biological water quality, reach of risk, storage device, female involvement, and household belief) were conveniently projected on target plots to link the results from water quality assessments with reported household practices and beliefs. The greatest risk factors seen were poor water quality and household beliefs like the security of water storage containers and safety of stored water, perceived water description and pressure, and access to water safety media.
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Anderson, Robert Bruce. "Regional utilization of reusable pallets by the grocery and related products industry." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53671.
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Since 1960, pallet production has quadrupled, increasing the pallet industry's use of hardwood lumber from 14 percent to almost 50 percent of total hardwood lumber production. Part of this growth can be attributed to the grocery and related products industry, which should continue as a major growth area for pallet usage over the next decade.
The general objective of this study is to provide information that can be used to understand the long-term potential and long-term trends in the grocery pallet market which relate to future regional timber demands by the pallet industry. Specific objectives are: (A) Provide information on current use of grocery pallets in the grocery distribution industry; (B) Provide theoretical framework for future analysis of the regional demand for grocery pallets; and (C) Provide information on demand for regional timber resources resulting from grocery pallet production within specified regions.
Models are presented representing demand and supply in the grocery and related products and grocery pallet markets. In the grocery pallet model, demand for new grocery pallets is expressed as an 'excess demand' where demand for new grocery pallets equals the difference between aggregate supply of pallets to grocery distribution and available inventory of grocery pallets in the system. Inventory of grocery pallets in grocery distribution is expressed as a function of dollar volume of retail sales, based on application of a stock adjustment model for durable inputs.
Consumption of grocery pallets by the grocery distribution industry is shown to be an important part in overall new pallet production even though the pallet used, 48"x40", only constitutes about 11 percent of total new pallet production in 1986. Estimates of national consumption of new grocery pallets in 1986 are broken down into regional estimates of new pallet consumption.
Volume of wood raw material used in 1986 for production of grocery pallets is estimated to exceed 838 million board foot of wood raw material, or potentially 18 percent of total hardwood raw material consumed in production of all types of pallets. National trends effecting wood use in grocery distribution are considered. Specific regional trends effecting wood raw material use are not identified.Ph. D.
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Harkman, Linda. "Små regioner blir stora : En utvärdering av Leader Närheten." Karlstads universitet, Centrum för forskning om regional utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13169.
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Prokop, Ambika Anand 1972. "Cities in the Everglades : the implications of compact urban development for regional water storage in Palm Beach County." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69431.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Some maps folded.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [157]-161).
Alternative forms of urban development such as high-density or in-fill development are often promoted for their significant environmental benefits. South Florida presents an excellent testing ground for this assumption, as the region grapples with issues of rapid urbanization and degradation of the Everglades, a unique ecosystem containing the largest freshwater wetlands in the United States. Resolving the competition for water between growing urban populations, the agriculture sector, and the plants and animals of the Everglades is one of the fundamental challenges of Everglades restoration. Hydrologists claim that sufficient water is available for all three if the water is managed properly and sufficient water storage can be found. In recent years, South Florida has adopted compact development as a means of managing its urban growth and curbing the historical patterns of low-density urban sprawl, so that future urban growth is compatible with ecosystem restoration. However the hydrologic benefits of compact development have yet to be quantified and proven. By using Palm Beach County as an example, this study evaluates the impact of compact development on aquifer recharge, which is an important means of storing water for the region. This analysis models the spatial distribution of future urban development under sprawl and compact development scenarios and evaluates potential aquifer recharge under the two development patterns. The results of this analysis indicate that while compact development confers some benefits to water storage, these benefits will pale in light of the growing water needs of the region's burgeoning population. Therefore, while the county should adopt compact development for its benefits, however small, policy makers should not count on this policy alone to ameliorate the negative environmental impacts of future population growth in the region.
by Ambika Anand Prokop.
M.C.P.
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Reimuth, Andrea [Verfasser], and Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Mauser. "The role of residential photovoltaic-coupled battery storages in the energy system from a regional perspective : a spatiotemporal assessment of residential photovoltaic and battery storage systems and their effects on the energy flows / Andrea Reimuth ; Betreuer: Wolfram Mauser." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223849937/34.
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Kriegler, Benjamin Jacobus. "Probabilistic analysis of monthly peak factors in a regional water distribution system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85738.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The design of a water supply system relies on the knowledge of the water demands of its specific end-users. It is also important to understand the end-users’ temporal variation in water demand. Failure of the system to provide the required volume of water at the required flow-rate is deemed a system failure. The system therefore needs to be designed with sufficient capacity to ensure that it is able to supply the required volume of water during the highest demand periods. In practice, bulk water supply systems do not have to cater for the high frequency, short duration high peak demand scenarios of the end-user, such as the peak hour or peak day events, as the impact of events is reduced by the provision of water storage capacity at the off-take from the bulk supply system. However, for peak demand scenarios with durations longer than an hour or a day, depending on the situation, the provision of sufficient storage capacity to reduce the impact on the bulk water system, becomes impractical and could lead to potential water quality issues during low demand periods. It is, therefore, a requirement that bulk water systems be designed to be able to meet the peak weekly or peak month end-user demands. These peak demand scenarios usually occur only during a certain portion of the year, generally concentrated in a two to three month period during the drier months. Existing design guidelines usually follow a deterministic design approach, whereby a suitable DPF is applied to the average annual daily system demand in order to determine the expected peak demand on the system. This DPF does not account for the potential variability in end-user demand profiles, or the impact that end-storage has on the required peak design factor of the bulk system. This study investigated the temporal variations of end-user demand on two bulk water supply systems. These systems are located in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape province of South Africa. The data analysed was the monthly measured consumption figures of different end-users supplied from the two systems. The data-sets extended over 14 years of data. Actual monthly peak factors were extracted from this data and used in deterministic and probabilistic methods to determine the expected monthly peak factor for both the end-user and the system design. The probabilistic method made use of a Monte Carlo analysis, whereby the actual recorded monthly peak factor for each end-user per bulk system was used as an input into discrete probability functions. The Monte Carlo analysis executed 1 500 000 iterations in order to produce probability distributions of the monthly peak factors for each system. The deterministic and probabilistic results were compared to the actual monthly peak factors as calculated from the existing water use data, as well as against current DPFs as published in guidelines used in the industry. The study demonstrated that the deterministic method would overstate the expected peak system demand and result in an oversized system. The probabilistic method yielded good results and compared well with the actual monthly peak factors. It is thus deemed an appropriate tool to use to determine the required DPF of a bulk water system for a chosen reliability of supply. The study also indicated the DPFs proposed by current guidelines to be too low. The study identified a potential relationship between the average demand of an end-user and the expected maximum monthly peak factor, whereas in current guidelines peak factors are not indicated as being influenced by the end-user average demand.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwerp van ‘n watervoorsiening stelsel berus op die kennis van die water aanvraag van sy spesifieke eindverbruikers. Dit is ook belangrik om ‘n begrip te hê van die tydelike variasie van die eindverbruiker se water-aanvraag. Indien die voorsieningstelsel nie in staat is om die benodigde volume water teen die verlangde vloeitempo te kan lewer nie, word dit beskou as ‘n faling. Die stelsel word dus ontwerp met voldoende kapasiteit wat dit sal in staat stel om die benodigde volume gedurende die hoogste aanvraag periodes te kan voorsien. In die praktyk hoef grootmaat water-voorsiening stelsels nie te voldoen aan spits watergebeurtenisse met hoë frekwensie en kort duurtes, soos piek-dag of piek-uur aanvraag nie, aangesien hierdie gebeurtenisse se impak op die grootmaat stelsel verminder word deur die voorsiening van wateropgaring fasiliteite by die aftap-punte vanaf die grootmaatstelsels. Nieteenstaande, vir piek-aanvraag gebeurtenisse met langer duurtes as ‘n uur of dag, raak die voorsiening van voldoende wateropgaring kapasiteit by die aftap-punt onprakties en kan dit selfs lei tot waterkwaliteits probleme. Dit is dus ‘n vereiste dat grootmaat watervoorsienings stelsels ontwerp moet word om die piek-week of piek-maand eindverbruiker aanvrae te kan voorsien. Hierdie piek-aanvraag gebeurtenisse vind algemeen in gekonsentreerde twee- of drie maand periodes tydens die droeër maande plaas. Bestaande ontwerpsriglyne volg gewoonlik ‘n deterministiese ontwerp benadering, deurdat ‘n voldoende ontwerp spits faktor toegepas word op die gemiddelde jaarlikse daaglikse stelsel aanvraag om sodoende te bepaal wat die verwagte spits aanvraag van die stelsel sal wees. Hierdie ontwerp spits faktor maak nie voorsiening vir die potensiële variasie in die eindverbruiker se aanvraag karakter of die impak van die beskikbare water-opgaring fasiliteit op die benodigde ontwerp spits faktor van die grootmaat-stelsel nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die tydelike variasie van die eindverbruiker se aanvraag op twee grootmaat watervoorsiening stelsels. Die twee stelsels is geleë in die winter reënval streek van die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Die data wat geanaliseer is was die maandelikse gemeterde verbruiksyfers van verskillende eindverbruikers voorsien deur die twee stelsels. Die datastelle het oor 14 jaar gestrek. Die ware maand piekfaktore is bereken vanaf die data en is in deterministiese en probabilistiese metodes gebruik om die verwagte eindverbruiker en stelsel ontwerp se maand spits-faktore te bereken. Die probabilistiese metode het gebruik gemaak van ‘n Monte Carlo analise metode, waardeur die ware gemeette maand spits-faktor vir elke eindverbruiker vir elke grootmaatstelsel gebruik is as invoer tot diskrete waarskynlikheids funksies. Die Monte Carlo analise het 1 500 000 iterasies voltooi om waarskynlikheids-verdelings van elke maand spitsfaktor vir elke stelsel te bereken. Die deterministiese en probabilistiese resultate is vergelyk met die ware maand spits faktore soos bereken vanuit die bestaande waterverbruik data, asook teen huidige gepubliseerde ontwerp spits-faktore, wat in die bedryf gebruik word. Die studie het aangetoon dat die deterministiese metode te konserwatief is en dat dit die verwagte piekaanvraag van die stelsel sal oorskat en dus sal lei tot ‘n oorgrootte stelsel. Die probabilistiese metode het goeie resultate opgelewer wat goed vergelyk met die ware maand piek-faktore. Dit word gereken as ‘n toepaslike metode om die benodigde ontwerp spits-faktor van ‘n grootmaat-watervoorsiening stelsel te bepaal vir ‘n gekose voorsieningsbetroubaarheid. Die studie het ook aangedui dat die ontwerps piek-faktore voorgestel deur die huidige riglyne te laag is en dat dit tot die falings van ‘n stelsel sal lei. Die studie het ‘n moontlike verwantskap tussen die gemiddelde daaglikse wateraanvraag van die eindverbruiker en die verwagte maksimum maand spits faktor geïdentifiseer, nademaal die piek-faktore soos voorgestel deur die huidige riglyne nie beïnvloed word deur die eindverbruiker se gemiddelde verbruik nie.
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Desrochers, Anne. "Water harvesting through ponds in the Arco Seco region of the Republic of Panama : decision support system for pond storage capacity estimation." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80908.
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The 'Arco Seco' or 'Dry Arc' region of the Republic of Panama is considered to be the driest in the country, where many areas of this region experience severe water stress during the months of January through May. This study was conducted to develop a tool for the assessment of sustainable implementation of water harvesting through ponds for agricultural purposes in the region. A computer based Decision Support System (DSS) has been developed specifically for the Arco Seco region in order to facilitate pond storage capacity estimation. As part of the DSS, four computer programs have been designed for four different case scenarios; the first one is for sites that have high water demand and no topographical restrictions for pond size; the second is for fairly high water demand, no topographical restrictions for pond size, and for farmers who wish to have a backup of water to use mostly during drier years; the third is for low water demand, usage during the dry season only, and topographical restrictions for pond size, and finally the fourth is for constant water demand throughout the year, and for sites where runoff is the only water source.**This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation).
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VanCalcar, Jenny E. (Jenny Elizabeth). "Collection and representation of GIS data to aid household water treatment and safe storage technology implementation in the northern region of Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34583.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-51).
In 2005, a start-up social business called Pure Home Water (PHW) was begun in Ghana to promote and sell household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) technologies. The original aim of the company was to offer a variety of products, allowing customers to choose the technology which best fit their individual needs. This differed from the typical implementation of HWTS promoters to date, in which an organization often distributes a single technology for the population to use. Instead, Pure Home Water wanted to give users a choice. PHW is also unique because they are attempting to sell their products without any subsidy. The goal is to create a sustainable business that will both bring better quality water to the population and be financially self-supporting. Because the company is new, a need existed to gather data on the demographic, health, and water and sanitation infrastructure within the region. Due to the geographic nature of the project, it was decided that a Geographic Information System (GIS) would be the best tool to store, analyze and represent the data.
(cont.) The system could be used to help plan relevant business strategies, and maps could be created to visually communicate important information among the Pure Home Water team and other interested parties. The final database did achieve the goal of collecting and bringing together important regional information in a form hopefully useful to PHW, future MIT teams and others. However, the use of the database for long-term planning is currently too advanced for the small company.
by Jenny E. VanCalcar.
M.Eng.
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Boström, Annamaria, and Theresia Johansson. "Vad påverkar kunders val av butik inom dagligvaruhandeln? : En kvantitativ studie om butiksattributs betydelse för kundlojalitet inom Coop Forums butiker i Region Nord." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90885.
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Den svenska dagligvaruhandelns utveckling går mot fler etablerade stormarknader i utkanten av städer. Följderna blir att mindre butiker på landsbygden konkurreras ut och att kunder väljer handelsområden framför butiker i stadskärnor. Kundlojaliteten beräknas minska, när dagens kunder väljer att handla på ett flertal butiker istället för en specifik. Den omstrukturering som sker på marknaden problematiserar hur företag genom differentiering och marknadsföring bygger långsiktiga kundrelationer. Ett företags varumärke syftar till att skapa konkurrenskraft och differentieringsmöjligheter, därmed fanns ett intresse att inrikta studien mot butiksimage och kundlojalitet till en specifik butik. Med ovanstående resonemang som grund avser studien undersöka vilka butiksattribut som påverkar kunders lojalitet till en specifik butik inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln. Undersökningen omfattar tre specifika Coop Forum butiker i Region Nord, i Umeå, Örnsköldsvik och Östersund. Då undersökningen syftar till att jämföra om valda butiker skiljer sig med avseende om påverkande butiksattribut och kundlojalitet. Tidigare forskning har identifierat ett samband mellan image, kundnöjdhet och lojalitet, dock är relationen mellan butiksimage, kundnöjdhet och lojalitet inom stormarknadsmiljöer ännu outforskad. Mer forskning krävs även angående varumärkets betydelse inom dagligvaruhandeln. Studiens byggstenar är definierade enligt butiksattribut, butiksimage, butikskundnöjdhet och butikslojalitet och ett eventuellt samband undersöks mellan dessa begrepp. Studiens praktiska syfte är att ge konkreta rekommendationer till Coop Nord angående vilka butiksattribut som är de bidragande till kunders lojalitet, för att vägleda Coop Nord i arbetet kring att skapa en starkare lojalitet hos dess befintliga kunder utifrån ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. För att besvara studiens forskningsfråga och syften har vi genomfört en enkätundersökning på vardera av de för studien utvalda Coop Forum butikerna. Den empiriska studien utfördes på Coops befintliga kunder, då vi ansåg att respondenterna krävde en förkunskap om butiken för att kunna yttra sig i frågor angående butikslojalitet. Vi delade ut 100 enkäter per butik, totalt 300 enkäter och erhöll 287 fullständiga svar. Resultatet från enkätfrågorna har sedan analyserats mot tidigare forskningsresultat, främst genom rangordning av olika alternativ inom ramen för studiens byggstenar. Vår studie visar att de påverkande butiksattributen för kunders val att handla kontinuerligt på Coop Forum differentierar mellan de tre för studien utvalda butikerna. I Umeå och Östersund var tillgänglighet det främst påverkande butiksattributet, medan medlemsförmåner var de främst påverkande för respondenterna i Örnsköldsvik. Coop Forums butik i Örnsköldsvik hade högst butiksimage och butikskundnöjdhet, medan butiken i Umeå hade högst kundlojalitet. Vår studie indikerar ett samband mellan butiksimage, butikskundnöjdhet och butikslojalitet vid en av de tre för studien utvalda Coop Forum butikerna.
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Giffin, Joy M. "Sediment production, storage, and transport processes studied in two semi-arid basins and in a recently burned region of the Mojave National Preserve." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438923.
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Kirby, Kathryn. "Land-use change in the Neotropics : regional-scale predictors of deforestation and local effects on carbon storage and tree-species diversity." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82264.
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Land-use change, and in particular tropical deforestation, is the leading cause of species extinctions globally, and is the second most important source of CO2 emissions after fossil fuel combustion. I examine two policy-relevant questions that relate to tropical deforestation and land use change: (1) At regional scales, what biophysical and infrastructure-related factors are associated with deforestation? and (2) At a local scale, what are some of the impacts of land use change on above- and below-ground carbon stocks and on tree-species richness? The first question was examined for the Brazilian Amazon through spatially-explicit correlation analyses of deforestation and a series of predictor variables that included highways and roads, annual rainfall, dry season length, soil characteristics, site accessibility, and population density. The proximity of a site to roads and highways was the strongest predictor of deforestation, with more accessible sites more likely to be deforested. Dry season length was also a strong, positive predictor of deforestation. The results suggest that current plans to expand road infrastructure in Amazonia will have a significant impact on the forests of the areas transected.The second question was examined in the context of a 3,198 ha area in Eastern Panama that is managed collectively by an Indigenous Embera community.
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Untachai, Subchat. "The effect of store name, brand name and store atmosphere on customers' perceived quality-value and store preference in the Udon Thani region of Thailand." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/259.
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The current study was designed to provide a quantitative measure of the influence of store name, brand name, and store atmospherics on retail preference in a study of the retailing industry in Udon Thani province, Thailand. The objectives of this study are twofold, (I) to examine the extent to which perceived store value is related to store preference, and (2) to examine the relationship between perceptions of store name, brand name, store atmospherics, and store value. The research included a pilot test using undergraduate business students in Rajabhat Institute, Udon Thani for pretesting of the questionnaire items. Following this, the investigation into store image attributes and store value perceptions necessitated uncovering variables of interest. To do this a large-scale field study was conducted. The study consisted of surveying 430 households in Udon Thani province and 310 households in Khon Khaen province using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were asked to rate, on a seven-point semantic differential and Likert scale, their agreement or disagreement on various store image attributes. L1SREL 8.30 was used for data analysis since the proposed model is a simultaneous system of equations having latent constructs and multiple indicators. Further quantitative techniques, such as factor analysis, correlation, multiple regression, and chi-square, were also employed. The study found that consumers' perceived quality-value mediates the effects of perceived brand name and store atmospherics on store preference (behavioural intention to buy). In addition, consumers' perceived brand name has a more significant influence than store atmospherics on perceived quality-value. However, store atmospherics has a more significant role in influencing consumers' store preference than does consumers' perceived brand name.
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Sanchez, Juan Machado. "Effect of price and in-store promotion on sales: a study of distinct regions in an emerging market." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16571.
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Increasing competition caused by globalization, high growth of some emerging markets and stagnation of developed economies motivate Consumer Packaged Goods (CPGs) manufacturers to drive their attention to emerging markets. These companies are expected to adapt their marketing activities to the particularities of these markets in order to succeed. In a country classified as emerging market, regions are not alike and some contrasts can be identified. In addition, divergences of marketing variables effect can also be observed in the different retail formats. The retail formats in emerging markets can be segregated in chain self-service and traditional full-service. Thus, understanding the effectiveness of marketing mix not only in country aggregated level data can be an important contribution. Inasmuch as companies aim to generate profits from emerging markets, price is an important marketing variable in the process of creating competitive advantage. Along with price, promotional variables such as in-store displays and price cut are often viewed as temporary incentives to increase short-term sales. Managers defend the usage of promotions as being the most reliable and fastest manner to increase sales and then short-term profits. However, some authors alert about sales promotions disadvantages; mainly in the long-term. This study investigates the effect of price and in-store promotions on sales volume in different regions within an emerging market. The database used is at SKU level for juice, being segregated in the Brazilian northeast and southeast regions and corresponding to the period from January 2011 to January 2013. The methodological approach is descriptive quantitative involving validation tests, application of multivariate and temporal series analysis method. The Vector-Autoregressive (VAR) model was used to perform the analysis. Results suggest similar price sensitivity in the northeast and southeast region and greater in-store promotion sensitivity in the northeast. Price reductions show negative results in the long-term (persistent sales in six months) and in-store promotion, positive results. In-store promotion shows no significant influence on sales in chain self-service stores while price demonstrates no relevant impact on sales in traditional full-service stores. Hence, this study contributes to the business environment for companies wishing to manage price and sales promotions for consumer brands in regions with different features within an emerging market. As a theoretical contribution, this study fills an academic gap providing a dedicated price and sales promotion study to contrast regions in an emerging market.
O aumento da competição causada pela globalização, alto crescimento dos mercados emergentes e a estagnação dos mercados em países desenvolvidos levaram empresas de Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) a direcionar sua atenção aos mercados emergentes. Estas empresas devem adaptar suas atividades de marketing as particularidades destes mercados para obter sucesso. Em um país classificado como emergente, diferentes regiões possuem distintas características. Adicionalmente, divergências no efeito das variáveis de marketing também podem ser observadas nos diferentes formatos de varejo. Os formatos de varejo em um mercado emergente podem ser classificados em autosserviço (chain self-service) e tradicional de serviço (traditional full-service). Desta forma, entender a eficácia do marketing mix não apenas no nível agregado de país pode ser uma contribuição importante. Na medida em que as empresas visam gerar lucros em mercados emergentes, o preço é uma importante variável de marketing no processo de criação de uma vantagem competitiva. Junto com o preço, variáveis de promoção como displays nas lojas e redução de preços são muitas vezes vistos como incentivos temporários para aumentar as vendas no curto prazo. Executivos defendem o uso de promoções como sendo a maneira mais confiável e mais rápida de aumentar vendas e o lucro no curto prazo. No entanto, alguns autores alertam sobre as desvantagens de promoção de vendas; principalmente, no longo prazo. Este estudo investiga o efeito de preço e promoção em lojas no volume de vendas em diferentes regiões dentro de um mercado emergente. A base de dados utilizada esta no nível SKU para o suco, sendo segregada nas regiões do sudeste e nordeste brasileiro, correspondendo ao período entre janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2013. A abordagem metodológica de validação é quantitativa descritiva, sendo aplicado um método de análise de séries multivariadas e temporais. O modelo de vetor autorregressivo (VAR) foi utilizado para realizar a análise. Os resultados sugerem uma sensibilidade de preço semelhante na região do nordeste e do sudeste e maior sensibilidade de promoção em lojas no nordeste. Reduções de preço mostram resultados negativos no longo prazo (persistência do volume de vendas em seis meses) enquanto promoção em lojas teve resultados positivos. Promoção em lojas não mostra influência significativa sobre as vendas em lojas de autosserviço, por outro lado, preço demonstra não ter impacto relevante sobre as vendas em lojas tradicionais de serviço. Assim, este estudo contribui ao cenário executivo para empresas que almejam aperfeiçoar a promoções de vendas e precificação de suas marcas em regiões com diferentes características dentro de um mercado emergente. Como contribuição teórica, este estudo preenche uma lacuna acadêmica fornecendo um estudo de preço e promoção de vendas dedicado ao contraste de regiões em um mercado emergente.
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Clopeck, Katherine L. (Katherine Lorraine). "Monitoring and evaluation of household water treatment and safe storage technologies : the sustained use of the KOSIM ceramic water filter in northern region Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51653.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-123).
Today, approximately 884 million people lack access to an improved drinking water (WHO and UNICEF, 2008). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), contaminated water and poor sanitation cause 30,000 deaths worldwide each day (WHO and UNICEF, 2008). Household drinking water and safe storage (HWTS), is a new health intervention that enables people to treat water in their own homes. Today, hundreds of non-profit organizations, for-profit business, social enterprises, academic institutions, faith-based organizations and governments are working around the world to promote HWTS technologies, especially to those people most in need. This thesis uses Pure Home Water (PHW), a small non-profit in Northern Region Ghana, as a case study to evaluate the use of a widespread HWTS technology, the ceramic pot filter. During the months of January, June and July 2008, I surveyed 309 of Pure Home Water's rural customers who had purchased a KOSIM filter between 2005 and 2008 to determine both the sustained use of the KOSIM ceramic pot filter and the factors that contribute to sustained use or disuse. I also conducted water quality analysis using the Colilert® and the 3MTM PetrifilmTM tests to evaluate the performance of the KOSIM filter in the field. Forty-six percent of PHW's rural customers were still using the KOSIM ceramic pot filter at the time of the interview. The survey results indicated that household income, reported water source, and the price paid for the filter are each associated with sustained use or disuse of the KOSIM filter.
(cont.) The average total coliform (TC) and E.coli counts for KOSIM-filtered water using the lower test detection limit of the 3MTMPetrifilmTM/Colilert® test combination were 323 CFU/100 mL and 7 CFU/100 mL respectively, which corresponds to a "low" risk level (WHO, 1997). The average TC and E.coli counts for KOSIM-filtered water using the upper test detection limits increased to 1,097 CFU/100 mL and 37 CFU/mL respectively. These results correspond to an "intermediate" risk level (WHO, 1997). On average, the KOSIM water filter removes 96.2% of TC (1.42 log reduction) and 89.2% (0.99 log reduction) of E.coli using the lower test detection limit. The average TC and E.coli reductions using the upper test detection limits are 88.8% (0.95 log reduction) and 82% (0.75 log reduction) respectively. Key Words: monitoring and evaluation, household water treatment and safe storage, household surveys, ceramic filter, sustained use, Millennium Development Goals, Ghana, Pure Home Water
by Katherine L. Glopeck.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Mahed, Gaathier. "Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in water storage by means of gravimetric and hydrologic methods in the region around the South African gravimetric observation station." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6714.
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This work examines the use of gravity data and its application to subsurface water reservoirs in the immediate vicinity of the South African Geodynamic Observatory, Sutherland (SAGOS), situated in a semi-arid region of the Karoo region of South Africa, and underlain by the Karoo sedimentary rocks intruded by dolerite dykes and sills. SAGOS houses the only supergravity metre (SG) in Africa, and this thesis sets out to test its use in monitoring groundwater dynamics using hydrological and gravity data. The main aim of this work is the application of the SG data, in conjunction with hydrological data, to better understand episodic recharge of subsurface reservoirs. The importance of water as a resource, globally and specifically the Karoo, is reviewed in conjunction with supply and demand of water. This is to contextualise the socio-economic, technical as well as policy issues related to water resource management. Applicable technologies for water resource management and efficient water use are highlighted and the application of gravity to hydrology is introduced, including satellite as well as ground based tools. In addition, arid zone hydrology as well as recharge and its mechanisms are analysed in order to better understand these processes when examined from gravity measurements. Issues related to understanding flow within the vadose zone as well as in secondary aquifers are examined, and gravity residuals and subsurface hydrology are highlighted. Thereafter, a conceptual groundwater flow modelof the study area is developed using multiple tools. First, the geology around SAGOS was mapped using SPOT 5 imagery and then ground truthed. Second, stable isotopes and water chemistry analysis was undertaken on water samples from selected boreholes. The results allude to preferential flow acting as the main mechanism for groundwater recharge. Follow-up pump-tests illustrate that fracture connectivity is greatest at close proximity to the dyke. Soil mapping, using aerial photography was also undertaken. Duplex soils, enriched with clay at depth, dominate the study area. Using in-situ infiltration tests, it is shown that the alluvium, which lines the river beds, has a higher hydraulic conductivity than the other soils, confirming that these streams act as preferential conduits for subsurface recharge. Precipitation events were correlated against gravity residuals at 4 wells, over different time periods. The results are examined using time series analyses. Gravity residuals from well SA BK07, over a period of 24 hours after the rainfall event, delineate instances of negative correlations, as well as strong positive correlations (of up to 0.9). On the whole however, correlations between gravity and groundwater at SA BK07 are variable and weak, and in conjunction with water level measurements and water chemistry, the data suggest that this well is located in a dynamic conduit (throughflow) and not in a permanent groundwater reservoir. By contrast, other wells show strong positive correlations between gravity residuals and water levels following episodic recharge events for a later time series. Correlations between the water levels and gravity residuals in wells SA BK04, SA BK05 and SA BK 01 are in excess of 0.7 for specific rainfall events. In summary, the results suggests that gravity is an excellent tool for measuring episodic groundwater recharge within the immediate vicinity of the SAGOS. This implies that gravity can aid in monitoring groundwater losses/gains in arid and semi-arid areas. Recommendations for future work are highlighted at the end; these include the possible use of hydrological modelling of reservoirs at various scales and then comparing these results to the SG as well as GOCE and GRACE satellites data, and then improving numerical modelling of the groundwater dynamics for sites like Sutherland and the surrounding arid Karoo region, where sparse water shortages, and potential pollution related to fracking for shale-gas, are likely to compete with established water needs for farming and human consumption. It is also suggested that the gravity modelling be examined to better understand site specific scenarios and thus aid in improving the processing of the gravity signal.
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Fung, Kit-ying. "A study of tenant mix planning of regional shopping centres and its implications." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895487.
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吳小貞 and Siu-ching Janet Ng. "The story of Tai Seng Book Store: a study of the changing retailing tradition in Senado Square, Macao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42181859.
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Qiu, Weini. "Ghana's regional development in economics, education and natural resources, with a case study on customers' preferences for household water treatment & safe storage products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78235.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-184).
Ghana is one of the few countries that was re-classified from low-income country to low-middle income country in 2011 by the World Bank (World Bank, 2011a). At the same time, Ghana is still in the process of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This thesis uses the MDGs as a guide and backdrop against which to analyze the relationships between economics, education and natural resources. The analysis helps provide recommendation for regional development in economics, education and natural resources for 10 regions in Ghana. The second part of the thesis uses a case study in the water sector to explore the relationship between the MDG targets for poverty, water accessibility and water quality. The case study is a market survey on Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage products, which seeks to understand customers' preferences for safe water in the home and to find out economic opportunities in this sectors. The author found that each of the economics, education and natural resources indicators: proportion of the population under the poverty line, percentage of population completed primary and secondary schools, selected natural resources (mean time to drinking water source, annual precipitation, oil palm and cocoa) are moderately to strongly correlated with each other. Each region has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages that can help direct priorities for regional development. Among the six HWTS products (Aquatab, CrystalPurTM/Tulip Siphon Water Filter, Kosim Classic, Kosim Deluxe, PUR and LifeStraw@ Family), Kosim Deluxe received the highest total preference score with and without the impact of the price. In general, particle removal products are more popular than the chemical products. Interviewees are concerned about the size (either too big or too small) of the particle removal product and are aware of the side effects of chemical products. MDG Target 7.C is likely to be achieved in urban Tamale shown in this data. The market research shows that HWTS products can contribute to potential post-2015 MDG for water as well as the current MDGs Target 1.A for poverty. Market recommendations are also provided for the six HWTS products.
by Weini Qiu.
S.M.
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Moubarak, Roger. "Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093.
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Wind farm assessment is a costly and time consuming process when it is planned by traditional methods such as a met mast. Therefore, new models have been established and used for the wind farm assessment to ease the process of wind farm planning. These models are Global-regional models which add to cost efficiency and time saving. There are several types of these models in the market that have different accuracy. This thesis discusses and uses in simulations Global – regional model data outputs from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Weather Research Forecast WRF and ECMWF, which is currently producing ERA-Interim, global reanalysis of the data-rich period since 1989 .The goal of the master's thesis is to see whether it is useful and efficient to use Global – regional weather model data such as the Era Interim Global Reanalysis Model data for wind assessment by comparing it with the real data series (met mast) located in Maglarp, in the south of Sweden.The comparison shows that in that specific area (hindcast) at Maglarp, in the south of Sweden, very promising results for planning a wind farm for a 100m, 120m and 38m heights.
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Irnazarov, Farrukh. "Cantralasiens strategiska betydelse:Den nye stora kampen mellan USA och Ryssland." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2821.
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The aim of this thesis is to assess the strategic importance of Central Asia as a whole and interests of great powers in the region in particular within the theoretical framework chosen. The work shows Central Asia as an area of the New Great Game, analogue of the original Great Game which was played out between the British Empire and Tsarist Russia in XIX century. The parallels between the original Great Game and the New Great Game are drawn in order to understand the scope and the true intentions of the players of the latter one. Also, the security issues in the contemporary Central Asia are explored and analyzed to provide with the background for future predictions. Furthermore, the indirect purpose of the thesis is to examine whether the international system has changed from that of two centuries ago by comparing the structure of the international systems at the time of two Games.
Different theories are gathered into one system theory which serves as a framework for analytical elaboration. The theories used are - the theory of offensive realism, regional security complex theory, strategic theory and the concept of strategic geography, where the applicable essence is withdrawn for analysis of the processes in the contemporary Central Asia. The strategic interests of the regional powers in Central Asia are described and analyzed with the significant help of the theoretical part.
In order to reach the aim of the research the historical concept of the Great Game is chosen as a method. By comparison of the location, players, means and goals with the New Great Game the validity of concept is verified and, consequently, applied to the Central Asian case.
On the basis of theoretical and methodological parts the empirical findings are withdrawn and analyzed in turn providing us with the reasonable conclusions on the issue. The perspectives of the two key players - the US and Russia - are analyzed and the possible predictions are made. In a similar way, certain scenarios are provided to Central Asian states, depending on the development of the New Great Game. Finally, the recommendations for further research are given.
Last but not least, this work is a study of one part of geopolitics in one region at one time, thereby the conclusion drawn is actual only for one region, but not for the discipline as a whole.
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Castro, Kraftchenko Joel, and kraf0005@flinders edu au. "STORE OPERATED Ca2+ CHANNELS IN LIVER CELLS: REGULATION BY BILE ACIDS AND A SUB-REGION OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080826.135311.
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Cholestasis is an important liver pathology. During cholestasis bile acids accumulate in the bile canaliculus affecting hepatocyte viability. The actions of bile acids require changes in the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and in Ca2+ entry. The target(s) of the Ca2+ entry pathway affected by bile acids is, however, not known. The overall objective of the work described in this thesis was to elucidate the target(s) and mechanism(s) of bile acids-induced modulation of hepatocytes calcium homeostasis.
First, it was shown that a 12 h pre-incubation with cholestatic bile acids (to mimic cholestasis conditions) induced the inhibition of Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), while the addition of choleretic bile acids to the incubation medium caused the reversible activation of Ca2+ entry through SOCs. Moreover, it was shown that incubation of liver cells with choleretic bile acids counteracts the inhibition of Ca2+ entry caused by pre-incubation with cholestatic bile acids. Thus, it was concluded that SOCs are the target of bile acids action in liver cells.
Surprisingly, despite the effect of choleretic bile acids in activating SOCs, the Ca2+ dye fura-2 failed to detect choleretic bile acid-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, under the same conditions, when the sub-plasma membrane Ca2+ levels were measured using FFP-18 Ca2+ dye, choleretic bile acid induced a transient increase in FFP-18 fluorescence. This evidence suggested that choleretic bile acids-induced activation of Ca2+ entry through SOCs, involving the release of Ca2+ from a region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) located in the vicinity of the plasma membrane.
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Bowie, Russell Reid. "Nor any drop to drink' : an analysis by case study of the role of the institutional framework in the in the co-ordination of water resource management and urban and regional planning with particular reference to the control of land uses and land management practices in the catchment areas of water storages." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1987. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36254/1/36254_Bowie_1991.pdf.
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The role of urban and regional planning in the process of
government has expanded considerably in recent years. The
last two decades have seen unparalleled growth in the
breadth and sophistication of planning schemes throughout
Australia yet during this period attempts to relate land use planning to the other activities of government have met with limited success resulting in a complex mix of land use controls for various purposes. This study examines, in the context of the management of water storage catchments, the relationships between those agencies interested in the control of land uses for water quality purposes and the traditional land use planning authorities, with particular reference to the way in which the institutional framework of government provides for co-ordination between them.
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Reiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. "Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.
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L’espace souterrain, qui s’étend depuis la surface des terres émergées et des fonds marins jusqu’au centre de la Terre, est délaissé par le droit international. Aucune règle de droit international positif ne vient réglementer l’utilisation que les Etats font de leur espace souterrain territorial, cette utilisation et le régime de la propriété souterraine faisant partie de leur domaine réservé. Si les normes internationales régissent l’utilisation de l’espace souterrain extra-territorial, celui des grands fonds marins et celui de l’Antarctique, elles n’appréhendent l’espace souterrain qu’en termes d’utilisation et de mise en valeur des ressources minérales. De ce régime juridique d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources minérales dépend d’ailleurs le statut juridique de l’espace souterrain qui va de la pleine souveraineté de l’Etat côtier à l’exclusion de toute appropriation nationale ou individuelle. Devant la multiplication des utilisations souterraines et face aux dommages environnementaux et aux violations des droits de l’homme liés à certaines de ces utilisations, le droit international doit réinvestir l’espace souterrain et notamment le contenu et l’étendue des droits qui le concernent tant dans l’ordre interne qu’international afin d’en réglementer la mise en valeur et d’en assurer la protectionUntil today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes
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Alessi, Nicola. "Hierarchical Inter-Regional Routing Algorithm for Interplanetary Networks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17468/.
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Le comunicazioni interplanetarie sono caratterizzate da lunghi ritardi, perdite elevate e connettività intermittente con frequenti interruzioni. Lo stack TCP/IP è inadatto nell'affrontare questo tipo di problemi. Mentre inizialmente l'unico scenario di riferimento erano le comunicazioni interplanetarie, negli anni successivi è nato il termine "Challenged Networks" per identificare le reti in cui i protocolli tradizionali falliscono. L'idea si evolve così in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking(DTN), con l'obiettivo di fornire una soluzione adatta alle challenged network.
Tra i vari aspetti in cui le reti DTN differiscono dai protocolli TCP/IP abbiamo il modo in cui viene effettuato routing. L'attuale algoritmo di routing utilizzato proposto per le reti DTN è chiamato Contact Graph Routing(CGR). L'aspetto che contraddistingue il CGR dagli algoritmi di routing tradizionali è che esso costruisce una rotta di "contatti" (ovvero delle possibilità di comunicazione programmate), anzichè costruire un percorso di nodi. Questa caratteristica è efficace nell'ambito delle reti DTN, dove i contatti sono noti a priori. Nonostante il CGR sia molto efficiente, esso presenta dei problemi di scalabilità. Infatti, con l'aumentare del numero dei contatti, il suo tempo di esecuzione tende a crescere fino a degradare le prestazioni dell'intera rete. In questa tesi viene proposto un algoritmo di routing chiamato Hierarchical Inter-regional Routing (HIRR) che ha l'obiettivo di mitigare il problema di scalabilità del CGR dividendo i nodi della rete in diverse regioni amministrative, in cui l'utilizzo del CGR non risulta essere critico. Lo scopo principale di HIRR è quindi quello di cercare di trarre il massimo beneficio dal CGR, accettando un ragionevole compromesso fra ottimalità delle rotte e tempo di calcolo.
Questa tesi è stata svolta al NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) situato a Pasadena in California, aderendo al Visiting Student Research Program (VSRP).
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Galková, Ivana. "Jaroslavice – sídlo v krajině." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377201.
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The main aim of my thesis is to create sustainable local food production in Jaroslavice region. This region is situated near the Austria – Czechia border. The political changes of previous century influenced this rural location a lot. Changes resulted in socioeconomic degradation of this area. My project tends to shorten production connections between producers and consumers. It also takes the part with local farmers and farmer´s market. My architecture proposal is a building of regional food center focused on fruit production. The main fruits are apples, apricots and pitches according to the local climate conditions. The center has three main parts – processing, storage and retail.
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Martínez, Ana Carolina Rodríguez. "Hydrogeomorphic classification of mire ecosystems within the Baker and Pascua Basins in the Region Aysén, Chilean Patagonia." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17314.
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Zehn unerforschte und natürliche Moore entlang der Flüsse Baker und Pascua in der Region Aysén, im chilenischen Patagonien, wurde untersucht, um Informationen über ihre Entstehung, Hydrologie, Geomorphologie, Stratigraphie, Ökologie und Wasser- und Kohlenstoffspeichervermögen zu gewinnen. Es wurden acht verschiedene ökologische Moortypen identifiziert und fünf Moortypen unterscheidbar durch ihr geohydromorphologisches Setting mit insgesamt elf verschiedenen organischen Moorsubstraten. Die gesammelten Information erlauben erste Abschätzungen der Torf-, Süßwasser- und Kohlenstoffmengen, die in den Mooren Ayséns gespeichert sind, sowie der jährlichen Torfakkumulationsraten. Die Moortypen und die in ihnen vorkommenden organischen Substrate wurden in einem geohydromorphologischen Klassifizierungssystem zusammengefasst, welches wichtige hydrologische, geomorphologische, ökologische, bodenkundliche und landschaftliche Parameter integriert. Forschung und Kommunikation über die chilenischen Moore sollen durch diese Arbeit unterstützt werden, um angemessene Monitoring Tools und partizipative Naturschutzstrategien zu entwickeln, die für die Erhaltung dieser Ökosysteme und ihrer Kreisläufe anwendbar sind.Ten unexplored and pristine mires along the Baker and Pascua River Basins in Aysén, Chilean Patagonia, were examined, generating information about their origin, hydrology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, ecology, and carbon and water storage capacities. Eight mire types ecologically differentiable, associated with five main mire types separable by their hydrology and geomorphology were detected, as well as eleven organic substrate types forming mire soils. The information gathered allows for a first estimation of the peat, fresh water and carbon content stored in the mires of Aysén, as well as for an average growth and annual accumulation rate of the peat. Mire types and their associated substrates are systematized in a hydrogeomorphic classification system, integrating important landscape, hydrological, geomorphical, ecological and pedological components. Research and communication about mires in the Chilean Patagonia should be further supported to generate accurate monitoring tools and participative conservation strategies that are replicable for the preservation of these ecosystems and its balance.
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Reed, Connor. "The Geography of Partial-Market Exits: Applying Geospatial and Econometric Methods to Analyze 2017 Department Store Closures in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505160/.
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Many factors have prompted the adoption of partial-market exit strategies in retail as a means of reducing cost and minimizing risk. These mass closures have become more frequent in recent years. Marketers and economists have offered explanations for these closures linked to the rise of e-commerce, the real estate cycle and general changes in consumer taste. The research here marks an attempt to apply geospatial and econometric methods to better understand what factors explain the spatial variation of these closures across the United States. Specifically, the analysis examines the store networks of Sears, J.C. Penney and Macy's- large, established department stores that, collectively, announced over 100 closures at the beginning of 2017. By treating each store as a unit of observation, and a closure as a limited dependent variable, this analysis will attempt to quantify the relationship between place-specific factors and retail closures using Probit modeling. This application of modeling marks a deviation from traditional analyses in retail geography which, up until the early 2000s, have focused almost entirely on store development and growth. The results reveal patterns of spatial clustering of closures in and around the Rust Belt and demonstrate the strong negative effect of competitive agglomeration on the probability of closure.
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Gouws, Andries. "Location assessment of independent jewellery retailers : analysis of Cape Town metropolitan regional shopping centres." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95608.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Regional shopping centres play an important role in the South African economy, especially by providing location services to retailers (large and small) and non-retailers. One of the main value propositions of regional shopping centres is to attract a large number of customer footprint to a central location where a group of retailers can market and sell to a larger customer market. Independent retail jewellers have numerous channel options available, in South Africa the preferred channel for independent jewellery retailers is a physical retail outlet within regional shopping centres. The purpose of this research is to determine the value proposition quality of Cape Town Metropolitan regional shopping centres as a preferred location to independent retail jewellers. The location value proposition analysis was performed by evaluating a set of location criteria as prescribed by available literature. Furthermore, this research also explores the antecedents of relationships and trust between shopping centre management and independent retail jewellers. This research followed a mixed-method approach and the focus is a sample of regional shopping centres and independent retail jewellers within the Cape Town Metropolitan area. Information was gathered through interviews by using structured questionnaires, which was prepared from literature on location value assessment criteria for shopping centres, relationship management and building trust within relationships. The research shows that although regional shopping centres are the preferred channel for independent retail jewellers there are some location value proposition elements that require improvement. A key concern for shopping centre management should be the imbalance in power created by contractual agreements that mostly favour regional shopping centres. This imbalance in power negatively influences relationships and trust between shopping centre management and independent retail jewellers. Furthermore, the feedback from independent retailer jewellers is that rental costs charged for location services are miss-aligned to the value received from these services. This study is limited that it only surveyed regional shopping centre management and independent retailer jewellers within the Cape Town Metropolitan area in South Africa. The limited scope and focus of this study confines the generalisability of this study for other types of retailers and / or other metropolitan areas within South Africa. The value of this study is that it tested location criteria from international literature within the South African context and set the foundation for future research, which is currently limited in South Africa.
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Fung, Kit-ying, and 馮潔英. "A study of tenant mix planning of regional shopping centres and its implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895487.
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