Academic literature on the topic 'Stop kodon'

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Journal articles on the topic "Stop kodon"

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Bahtera, Tjipta, Susilo Wibowo, and AG Soemantri Hardjojuwono. "Faktor Genetik Sebagai Risiko Kejang Demam Berulang." Sari Pediatri 10, no. 6 (November 29, 2016): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp10.6.2009.378-84.

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Latar belakang. Sepertiga pasien kejang demam pertama mengalami bangkitan ulang kejang demam. Riwayat keluarga adalah pernah kejang demam dan mutasi gen merupakan faktor risiko bangkitan kejang demam berulang.Tujuan. Membuktikan faktor genetik sebagai risiko terjadi kejang demam berulang.Metode. Rancangan penelitian kohort prospektif. Subjek pasien kejang demam pertama, selama 18 bulan diamati terjadi bangkitan ulang kejang demam. Amplifikasi DNA dengan teknik PCR dan sequencing untuk melihat mutasi gen pada kanal ion Natrium. Pengujian hipotesis memakai regresi logistik, dan uji korelasi memakai Rank Sperman corelation.Hasil. Sepertiga pasien kejang demam pertama mengalami kejang demam berulang. Mutasi gen kanal ion Na+ SCNIA 19(61,3%) pasien, terdapat pergantian Argenin (R) oleh asam glutamat (Glu) (Arg1627Glu) (mutasi missense) dan kodon stop (TGA).(mutasi nonsense), sedangkan pada SCNIB 12(38,7%) pasien, terdapat mutasi heterozigot, yaitu kodon 130:GAA /AAA, kodon 96:CGG/TGG, kodon 138:GTC/ATC, kodon 95:AGC /ATT dan kodon:154 GCT/AAT. Ada hubungan mutasi gen dengan umur, suhu dan riwayat keluarga pernah kejang demam, saat kejang pertama. (koefisien korelasi berturut-turut –0,359; -0,339; 0,278). Riwayat keluarga pernah kejang demam dan mutasi gen berisiko 2-3 kali terjadi kejang demam berulang (RR 2.9, p<0,05 dan RR 3.556 p>0,05)Kesimpulan. Sepertiga pasien kejang demam pertama mengalami kejang demam berulang. Riwayat keluarga pernah kejang demam dan mutasi gen merupakan faktor risiko kejang demam berulang. Terdapat hubungan mutasi gen dengan umur, suhu dan riwayat keluarga pernah kejang demam, saat kejang pertama
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Remic, Katarina, and Miran Merhar. "Optimizacija CNC tehnologije pri izdelavi umetniškega izdelka." Les/Wood 69, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a05.

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V delu smo izvedli analizo optimizacije procesa obdelave umetniškega lesenega izdelka (okvir ogledala) na 3-osnem CNC stroju. Iz grafične slike smo najprej v programu ArtCAM izdelali 3D model, triangulirali njegovo površino in ustvarili STL datoteko. To smo naložili v program SolidWorks, kjer smo z njegovim dodatkom SolidCAM določili parametre obdelave. Grobo obdelavo smo določili z operacijami HSR (high speed roughing), fino pa s HSM (high speed machining). Posamezne operacije smo primerjali in ugotovili, da bi najkrajši čas obdelave pri najboljši kvaliteti dobili pri izbiri HSR operacij »Contour Roughing«nato »Rest Roughing« ter HSM operacije »3D Constant Step Over«, znašal pa bi 4 ure in 1 minuto. Izdelano kodo smo preverili s simulacijo izdelave ter na koncu izdelali G kodo za naš izdelek.
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SATOH, Kotaro, Masato MIZUTANI, and Masami KAMIGAITO. "Transition Metal-Catalyzed Step-Growth Radical Polymerization." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 68, no. 7 (2011): 436–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.68.436.

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ŚLASKA, BRYGIDA, ANGELIKA TKACZYK, and KRZYSZTOF KOWAL. "Zespół Imerslund-Gräsbecka - rzadka choroba genetyczna różnych ras psów." Journal of Animal Science, Biology and Bioeconomy 37, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/jasbb.2019.2.1.

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Zespół Imerslund-Gräsbecka (Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome, IGS, zaburzenie wchłaniania jelitowego kobalaminy) jest rzadką autosomalną chorobą recesywą występującą u psów oraz ludzi. Przyczyną IGS są mutacje genów CUBM lub AMN, które kodują białka będące podjednostkami kompleksu receptorowego kubilina–amnionlessyna, odpowiedzialnego za wchłanianie kobalaminy (wit. B12) w jelicie cienkim. Najczęściej przyczyną choroby jest mutacja c.786delC lub c.8392delC w genie CUBM, w wyniku której dochodzi do przesunięcia ramki odczytu, powstania przedwczesnego kodonu STOP, a w konsekwencji degradacji mRNA. Zespół zidentyfikowano u różnych ras psów, m.in. border collie, owczarków australijskich i sznaucerów olbrzymich. Objawy kliniczne występują u młodych psów i obserwowane są ok. 8–12 tygodnia życia ze względu na wyczerpanie zapasów witaminy B12 w wątrobie. Pierwszymi objawami IGS są utrata apetytu oraz nieprawidłowy rozwój szczeniąt powiązany z niedokrwistością oraz białkomoczem.
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TAKAHASHI, Hiroki, Katsuo ORIHARA, and Masao OKAMOTO. "Formation of Composition Gradient or Step from Melted Polymer Blend of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Polypropylene." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 59, no. 7 (2002): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.59.445.

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MURATA, Hidenori, Takuro SATO, Kenichi OYAIZU, Takeshi FURUYA, Yoshihiro TAKEBAYASHI, Satoshi YODA, Katsuto OTAKE, and Makoto YUASA. "Synthesis of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) by Double-Step Polymerization in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 65, no. 11 (2008): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.65.688.

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ISHII, Hirotoshi. "Recent Developments in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization I. One-Step Synthesis of Polycarbonate from Carbon Monoxide and Bisphenol A Based on Oxidative Carbonylation." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 59, no. 4 (2002): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.59.137.

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YOSHII, Toshio, Takeo KONAKAHARA, and Kenji SATO. "Studies on formaldehyde resin. XXIII. Mechanism of general base catalysis of hydroxymethylation of melamine with formaldehyde. Evidence for the change of rate-determining step." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 43, no. 2 (1986): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.43.77.

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Mutiah, Roihatul. "Studi Efikasi dan Keamanan Ekstrak Akar dan Daun Calotropis gigantea Terhadap Sel Kanker Kolon dan Sel Kanker Payudara Secara In Vitro." Journal of Islamic Medicine 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jim.v1i2.4455.

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Development of phytopharmaca for cancer until now has become a major step in overcoming the failure of cancer therapy. Calotrophis gigantea is one of the scientifically proven plants both in vitro and in vivo as a chemopreventive agent. This study aims to explain the efficacy and safety of Calotropis gigantea leaf extract (EDCG) and Calotropis gigantea root extract (EACG) on NIH3T3 cell, colon cancer cell WiDr and T47D breast cancer cells. From the analysis of MTT and Selectivity Index (SI) analysis showed that ethanol extract of leaf Calotropis gigantea (EDCG) can inhibit selective growth of selective colon cancer cells (SI 3) but not selective in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells T47D (SI 3 ). Calotropic gigantea (EACG) root ethanol extract is not selective in inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells WiDr and breast cancer cells T47D (SI 3). Therefore EDCG can be recommended as a Phytopharmaca candidate with further proof through clinical trials.
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NISHIKAWA, Yuji, Hiroto ITOH, and Isao NODA. "Analysis of Molecular Interactions in Polymer Systems by Using a Pulsed Compression ATR Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism Step Scan Time Resolved FT-IR/2D-IR—Generation of Ring Down Compression Pulses—." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 72, no. 8 (2015): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.2015-0005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stop kodon"

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Kučerová, Michaela. "Cysteinová tRNA reguluje proteosyntézu v lidských buněčných liniích." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445948.

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A significant number of known human genetic diseases is associated with nonsense mutations leading to the introduction of a premature termination codon into the coding sequence. A termination codon can be read through by its near-cognate tRNA (tRNA with two anticodon nucleotides base-pairing with a stop codon); potentially generating C-terminally extended protein variants. In yeast, UGA stop codon was described to be read through by tRNA-Trp and tRNA-Cys. Similar was observed for tRNA-Trp in human HEK293T cell line. The aim of this thesis was to investigate if human tRNA-Cys can act as a near-cognate tRNA in human HEK293T cell line. There are two isoacceptors which constitute the tRNA-Cys family, with ACA and GCA anticodon. There are 1 and 23 isodecoders to the ACA and GCA anticodons, respectively. Here, altogether as many as nine tRNA-Cys isodecoders (distinct in their sequence and with varying levels of expression) were tested for their ability to increase UGA readthrough in HEK293T using p2luci and pSGDluc dual-luciferase reporter vectors. In both p2luci and pSGDluc, we observed that at least one tRNA-Cys isodecoder, tRNA-Cys-GCA-4-1, is capable of significantly elevating the UGA readthrough levels when overexpressed in HEK293T. This indicates that similarly to yeast, tRNA-Cys is capable of...
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Poncová, Kristýna. "Úloha elF3 a Rps3 v pročítání stop kodonu." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436697.

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Translation represents a highly regulated, interconnected process of protein synthesis in the cell. It could be divided into 4 phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosomal recycling. Our laboratory is involved in in-depth studies of a complex eukaryotic initiation factor 3 protein (eIF3). We are interested not only in revealing its molecular roles in the translational cycle in general but also in specific mechanisms that allow translational regulation according to specific cellular needs. In the budding yeast, the eIF3 is composed of five essential subunits (a/Tif32, b/Prt1, c/Nip1, g/Tif35 and i/Tif34). In mammals, the protein is even more complex, comprising of 12 subunits (a-i, k-m). eIF3 is a key player not only in translation initiation but also in ribosomal recycling and, surprisingly, in translation termination and stop codon readthrough as well. The latter process harbors important clinical potential, as approximately 1/3 of genetically inherited diseases is caused by the presence of a premature termination codon in the protein-coding region. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon provides important tools for the targeted and less toxic drug development approaches needed for patient therapy. In this Ph.D. Thesis, I uncovered the role of...
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Book chapters on the topic "Stop kodon"

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"expected me to pull through. So having recovered my health and survived against expectation I have brought this suit for battery against him. Though all the friends and relatives whom I consulted declared that his acts rendered him liable to summary arrest as a mugger and indictment for outrage, they advised and encouraged me not to take on a task beyond my abilities nor to be seen bringing a complaint beyond my years for the injuries I suffered. So this is what I have done, and under their influence I have brought a private suit, though I would prefer most of all, men of Athens, to bring him to trial on a capital charge. [2] This you will all understand, I am sure, when you hear what I have suffered. Though the outrage committed then was terrible, the defendant’s appalling conduct since then has been every bit as bad. I urge and beg all of you alike, firstly to give a favourable hearing to my account of my sufferings and secondly, if you think I have been wronged and treated unlawfully, to help me as justice demands. I shall give you a full and detailed account of events as briefly as I can. [3] Two years ago I went out to Panakton, when we were assigned to garrison duty. The sons of Konon here had a tent near us, though I wish they hadn’t. For that was the origin of the hostility and clashes between us. I shall tell you how it came about. These people used to spend the whole day drinking, beginning immediately after the midday meal, and they continued to do this all the time we were on garrison duty. As for us, we behaved outside the city exactly as we used to do here. [4] So when the time came for the rest to have dinner, they were already engaged in drunken games. Most of it they directed at our servants, but finally against us personally. They claimed our servants annoyed them with the smoke when they were preparing food and took every remark as an insult. So they beat them, emptied their chamberpots over them, and urinated on them; there was no kind of disgraceful or outrageous act which they omitted. Though we saw all this and were vexed, initially we remonstrated with them; but when they mocked us and refused to stop, we went and told the whole story to the general, all of my mess together, not myself alone. [5] Though he abused them roundly and reproached them, not only for their disgraceful treatment of us but also for their entire conduct in the camp, so far from desisting or feeling ashamed, as soon as it grew dark they immediately rushed into our tent that evening; they began by insulting us but finally threw some punches at me. And they raised such a noisy uproar around the tent that the." In Trials from Classical Athens, 93. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203130476-18.

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"against the person but whose punishments are financial, you will act in everything as befits fair judges. [18] For you will reach a sound verdict on the case before you, you will make the rest of the citizen body more disciplined, and you will make your own life safer. It is in the nature of sensible judges that in reaching a just verdict on the cases of others they simultaneously protect their own interests. [19] None of you should think it proper to reduce the assessment in view of the fact that I am a poor man and one of the masses. It is unjust to exact lesser punishments on behalf of obscure victims than for the distinguished, or to consider poor men less worthy than rich. You would be treating yourselves with disdain if you held such a view about the citizen body. [20] Furthermore, it would be absolutely intolerable, if when the city is governed democratically we were not all to receive the same treatment, if we should see fit to hold office but deprived ourselves of our rights under the laws, if we were willing to die in battle for our country but when casting a vote we were to give an advantage to men of property. [21] If you will be advised by me, you will not take such a view of yourselves, and you will not teach young men to despise the mass of citizens, or think that trials such as this are the concern of others; no, each of you will cast his vote as though he were judging his own case. For those who dare to break this law which protects your persons are wronging all alike. [22] So if you are sensible you will encourage each other and mark your own anger on Lochites, in the knowledge that all men of his sort despise the established laws but think that judgments made here have the authority of law. For my part, I have spoken on this matter to the best of my ability. But if anyone present can speak to my case, let him step up and address you. In the absence of a narrative, even a conjectural reconstruction of the events at issue is impossible. We can however evaluate the strategies of the two sides. Inevitably we learn rather less about Lochites’ line of argument, since it is not in the speaker’s interests to give space to his opponent’s case except to demolish it. The speech suggests that an important part of the defence case consists of making light of the injuries received. Since this line is taken by the speaker in Lys. 3 (Case V) and the opponent Konon in Dem. 54 (Case VI), this is evidently a standard (and potentially useful) approach, and the speaker is likely to be correct in anticipating Lochites’ arguments." In Trials from Classical Athens, 108. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203130476-33.

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"are purified lipid contents and others are not, and the puri-(Paspalum scrobiculatum), and barnyard (Echinocloa fied lipid content depends on the purification method. colona). Sridhar and Lakshminarayana [32] also reported Starch lipids (SL) are those bound to starch, and they FL contents of 5.0, 5.6, and 2.2% for Proso, Foxtail, and are the most difficult to extract. Since true SL are present Finger millet, respectively. Taira [45] found slightly high-inside the starch granules, even a very polar solvent such er average FL (ether extraction) contents for glutinous as WSB cannot extract them at ambient temperature. Effi-foxtail millet (4.2-5.1%, average 4.7% of 21 samples) cient extraction of SL requires mixtures of hot aqueous al-than for nonglutinous foxtail millet (4.0-4.7%, average cohol in proportions optimized for controlled swelling of 4.4% of 31 samples). Among millet, pearl millet contains the starch granules and solubilization of the lipids [25]. the most FL. The best solvents are n-propanol or isopropanol with water Lipid contents of rice in Table 2 were cited by Morrison (3:1, by volume) used under nitrogen at 100°C. However, [3] using the data of Nechaev and Sandler [2]. Taira and some n-butanol—water and methanol-water mixtures also Chang [46] reported that the average nonglutinous brown are reasonably efficient extraction solvents at 100°C [25]. rice FL (ether extraction) contents of 20 varieties each of Recently, a third lipid category was introduced. Starch sur-Indica and Japonica types were 2.7% (2.38-2.91%) and face lipids (SSL) are portions of the nonstarch lipids 2.9% (2.54-3.58%), respectively. More recently, Taira et (NSL), which become firmly absorbed onto or into starch al. [47] reported the average FL contents of 15 nongluti-granules during the separation of pure starch [24]. nous varieties as 2.5% (2.24-2.97%) for Indica, 2.5% Lipids are minor components of the cereal grains shown (2.12-2.94%) for Japonica, 2.7% (2.35-3.03%) for Sinica, in Table 2. Data in this table, expressed on a dry basis, and 2.6% (2.11-2.99%) for Japonica types. were calculated from reported values [3,16,26-41]. Also, some BL or TL contents were calculated by subtracting FL from TL or by adding FL to BL, depending on the avail-B. Nonstarch Lipid Classes of Grains ability of data. The FL contents range from 1.5 to 2% of Lipids can be separated into three broad classes by open-the kernel weights of barley, rice, rye, triticale, and wheat column silicic acid chromatography. Nonpolar lipids (NL) grains. They range from 3 to 7% of the kernel weights of are first eluted by chloroform, glycolipids (GL) are eluted oats, millet, corn, and sorghum. However, BL contents in next by acetone, and phospholipids (PL) are eluted last grains are more uniform than FL contents. Therefore, the with methanol. Mixtures of GL and PL are polar lipids FL:BL ratio is substantially higher for corn, millet, oats, (PoL). After NL elution from a silicic acid column, PoL and sorghum than for rye, triticale, and wheat grains. The can be eluted with methanol without the GL elution step. FL:BL ratios for barley and rice are intermediate. Lipids can also be separated into various classes by thin-High oil-containing grains such as corn are continuous-layer chromatography (TLC) using different development ly bred for higher oil content with improved production solvent systems. Each individual lipid class migrates dif-yield. Application of wide-line NMR spectroscopy for ferently on the thin-layer plate, and the difference in mi-nondestructive analysis of the oil content in single corn gration rates makes it possible to separate complex lipids kernels made selection for higher oil content more efficient into classes. The NL consists of SE, TG, DG, MG, and [42]. Corn hybrids with 6-8.5% oil content and grain FFA (see Table 1). The total NL content is obtained by yields equal to those of good commercial hybrids were adding these NL class contents as measured by densitome-produced [43]. try. Thus, the NL content of samples may differ, to some Several kinds of millet exist, and the lipid data in the extent, depending on methodology used (column separa-literature are confusing. Rooney compared the FL (ether tion or TLC separation). extraction) contents of several types of millet in a review The data [1,13,27,29,32,36-38,40,48-58] shown in paper [16]. The average FL contents of pearl millet (Pen-Table 3 may be used for only approximate comparison of nisetum typhoids) were 5.1% (4.1-5.6%, 14 samples), the NL content from different grains because some were 5.4% (2.8-8.0%, 167 samples, [44]), 5.6% (4.3-7.1%, 40 obtained by column chromatography and some by TLC. samples), and 6.2% (4.2-7.4%, 35 samples) [16]. Other All cereal grain lipids are richer in NL than in other class-reported average FL contents were 4.8% (4.6-5.0%, 6 es: 60-70% of the TL are NL in wheat (hexaploid), triti-samples) for foxtail millet (Setaria Italica), 5.8% cale, and rye; 65-80% for barley and oat groats; 77-87% (5.5-6.3%, 6 samples) for Japanese millet (Echinochloa for sorghum and rice; and 75-96% for corn and millet crusgalli), and 4.2% (3.8-4.9%, 20 samples) for proso (Pennisetum americanum). Sridhar and Lakshminarayana millet (Panicum miliaceum) [16]. Sridhar and Lakshmi-[32] reported 82, 80, and 79% of NL for Foxtail, Proso, narayana [30] reported a FL content range of 3.4-5.7% for and Finger millet, respectively. There are significant vari-small millet, including little (Panicum sumatrense), kodo etal effects on the NL/PoL ratio for corn and millet (P." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 434. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-43.

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