Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stone protection

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Stone protection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stone protection"

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Yang, Lu, Shi Min Li, Dai Heng Chen, and Zhi Min Wu. "Rolling Stones under the Action of the Numerical Simulation Research Shed Hole." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.238.

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With a rolling stone gathers tent hole structure as the prototype, using ABAQUS finite element software to simulate the rolling stones impact process with different impact, research rolling angle and speed impact tent hole structural dynamic mechanical response for rolling stone protection design, provide necessary basis. The results show that the rolling stones in different speed and incident angle of tents hole shocks on concrete protective structure of contact force ,displacement and injuries have great influence and for the rolling stones protection engineering design to provide theoretical reference.
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Lettieri, Mariateresa, Maurizio Masieri, Alessandra Morelli, Mariachiara Pipoli, and Mariaenrica Frigione. "Oleo/Hydrophobic Coatings Containing Nano-Particles for the Protection of Stone Materials Having Different Porosity." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120429.

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Conservation strategies to limit the degradation of stone materials are being constantly developed. To this aim, new materials are designed to confer hydrophobic properties and anti-graffiti protection to the treated surfaces. Hybrid nanocomposites, based on inorganic nano-particles added to an organic matrix, have been recently proposed for treatments of stone surfaces, obtaining promising and innovative properties. In the present paper, an experimental product based on fluorine resin containing SiO2 nano-particles, a commercial fluorine-based product and a silicon-based material were applied as protective coatings on two calcareous stones (compact and porous) widely employed in the Mediterranean region. All the studied products are expected to provide both water and anti-graffiti protection to both stones’ surfaces. The rheological characterization of the liquid products, changes in color of the surfaces, and variations in water vapor permeability allowed the compatibility of the protective systems applied to stones to be evaluated. Water–stone contact angle measurements and water absorption by capillarity were used to control the action against water ingress. The oleophobicity was assessed by measuring the oil–stone contact angle. The experimental nano-filled product proved to be a suitable hydrophobic coating for compact and porous stones; furthermore, it provides high oleophobicity to the treated surfaces, as required for anti-graffiti systems.
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Mudronja, Domagoj, Frederik Vanmeert, Stjepko Fazinic, Koen Janssens, Darko Tibljas, and Vladan Desnica. "Protection of Stone Monuments Using a Brushing Treatment with Ammonium Oxalate." Coatings 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040379.

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Stone monuments and buildings are susceptible to weathering. Carbonate-based stones are especially vulnerable in acidic environments, whereas magmatic acidic stones are more susceptible to chemical weathering in basic environments. To slow down surface corrosion of limestone and marble artworks/buildings, protective coatings which inhibit calcite dissolution have been proposed. In this work, samples from two stone types with different porosity were treated with ammonium oxalate (AmOx) to create a protective layer of calcium oxalate (CaOx) using the previously developed brushing method. Two different synchrotron microscopy experiments were performed to determine its protective capability. X-ray powder diffraction (SR-μ-XRPD) in transmission geometry allowed visualization of the distributions of calcium carbonate and oxalates along the sample depths. In a second step, X-ray fluorescence (SR-μ-XRF) was used to check the efficiency/integrity of the protective surface coating layer. This was done by measuring the sulfur distribution on the stone surface after exposing the protected stones to sulfuric acid. XRPD showed the formation of a protective oxalate layer with a thickness of 5–15 µm on the less porous stone, while a 20–30 µm thick layer formed on the more porous stone. The XRF study showed that the optimal treatment time depends on the stone porosity. Increasing the treatment time from 1 to 3 h resulted in a decreased efficiency of the protective layer for the low porosity stone. We assume that this is due to the formation of vertical channels (cracks) in the protective layer.
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Roveri, Marco, Sara Goidanich, and Lucia Toniolo. "Artificial Ageing of Photocatalytic Nanocomposites for the Protection of Natural Stones." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080729.

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During the last ten years, photocatalytic nanocomposites combining titania nanoparticles with silicon-based matrices have received increasing attention in the stone conservation research field, because they offer an effective multifunctional approach to the issue of stone protection. However, much work still has to be done in studying the behaviour of these nanocomposites in real environmental conditions and understanding to what extent they are able to retain their effectiveness and compatibility once applied on outdoor surfaces. The latter is a key information that should lie at the basis of any successful conservation and maintenance campaign. The present study provides insight into this relevant topic trough laboratory testing by assessing the artificial ageing of two silane-based photocatalytic nanocomposites, previously selected through an accurate testing on different natural stones. Three accelerated ageing procedures, based on artificial solar irradiation, heating and rain wash-out, allowed simulating about two years of outdoor exposure to some of the weathering factors to which stones are normally subjected. The results provided quite accurate information about the long-term behaviour of the products and on the role that the stone properties play therein. It was shown that, when the products are able to penetrate deeply enough inside the stone pores, they retain much of their hydrophobising and photocatalytic properties and maintain a good compatibility with the stone substrates, even after partial chemical degradation of the alkyl-silica matrices has occurred on the very stone surface.
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Shu, Hui, Ming Yang, Qiang Liu, and Maobin Luo. "Study of TiO2-Modified Sol Coating Material in the Protection of Stone-Built Cultural Heritage." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020179.

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Coating materials can effectively protect stone-built cultural heritage and, as such, research into coating materials has gained comprehensive attention from researchers. The aim of this work is to prepare a TiO2-modified sol coating material (TSCM) and study its protective effects on stone-built cultural heritage. TSCM and pure TiO2 sol (p-sol, unmodified; for comparison) were applied evenly over the entire surface of stone samples. The prepared stone samples included untreated stone, stone treated with pure sol, and stone treated with TSCM. The protective effects of TSCM were evaluated by water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance experiments. The results show that stone treated with TSCM has excellent water absorption and water vapor permeability, strong acid resistance, and good weather resistance, compared with untreated stone or stone treated with p-sol. The acid resistance of stone treated by TSCM was 1.75 times higher than that treated with traditional coating materials. The weather resistance cycle number of stone treated by TSCM was four times higher than that treated with organic protective materials. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone-built cultural heritage.
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Svatovskaya, Larisa, Maxim Sychov, Vladislav Britov, and Ivan Drobychev. "Lithosynthesis in transport construction for geosphere protection." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901005.

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Geoecological problems of lithosphere protection in transport construction are of great importance nowadays. The article deals with the research of the new lithosynthesis technology which can be used for geosphere protection in transport construction. Lithosynthesis is a new method of geosphere purification by means of engineering structures and building materials. The main aim of the paper is to show a possibility to restore lithosphere using mineral artificial stones of different nature, e.g. foam concrete or phosphates. Both theoretical, namely thermodynamic, method and experimental one are used in the study. Two techniques of lithosynthesis are demonstrated in the paper. The first technique is to apply so-called the “stone sponge” to absorb pollutions and detoxicate them. The second technique is formation of the artificial phosphate stone to detoxicate pollutions during hardening. The level of concentration of heavy metal ions to be detoxicated by means of foam concrete lithoreactions is determined. The study suggests creation of a new lock surface, e.g. through sols’ use, after detoxication of pollutions.
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Kourai, Kenichi, Takeshi Azumi, and Shigeru Chiba. "Efficient and Fine-Grained VMM-Level Packet Filtering for Self-Protection." International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaras.2014040105.

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In Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds, stepping-stone attacks via hosted virtual machines (VMs) are critical for the credibility. This type of attack uses compromised VMs as stepping stones for attacking the outside hosts. For self-protection, IaaS clouds should perform active responses against stepping-stone attacks. However, it is difficult to stop only outgoing attacks at edge firewalls, which can only use packet headers. In this paper, we propose a new self-protection mechanism against stepping-stone attacks, which is called xFilter. xFilter is a packet filter running in the virtual machine monitor (VMM) underlying VMs and achieves pinpoint active responses by using VM introspection. VM introspection enables xFilter to directly obtain information on packet senders inside VMs. On attack detection, xFilter automatically generates filtering rules based on packet senders. To make packet filtering with VM introspection efficient, we introduced several optimization techniques. Our experiments showed that the performance degradation due to xFilter was usually less than 16%.
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Duan, Zhuoqi, Zaixin Xie, Bao Zhou, Xiaobo Yang, Heng-Yong Nie, and Yongmao Hu. "Natural Stones with a Self-Cleaning Surface via Self-Assembled Monolayers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094771.

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Heritage buildings and monuments are mostly made from natural stone, which undergoes irreversible decay under outdoor conditions. The main reason for the contamination, degradation, and cracking of natural stones is water and oil permeation. Hence, modifications on stones rendering their surface self-cleaning are effective for stone protection. Reported in this paper is the development of a bionic approach to enabling self-cleaning stone surface via growing self-assembled polydopamine (PDA) as the adhesive layer on the stone surface, followed by depositing Al2O3 nanoparticles derivatized by self-assembled monolayers of a fluorophosphonic acid (FPA). This approach ensured a robust surface modification that realized superhydrophobicity, as demonstrated on natural marbles, Hedishi, and Qingshi. The surface modification was thermally stable up to 400 °C.
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Foye, William O. "Sulfur Compounds in Therapy: Radiation-Protective Agents, Amphetamines, and Mucopolysaccharide Sulfation." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 9 (September 1992): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600918.

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OBJECTIVE: Sulfur-containing compounds have been used in the search for whole-body radiation-protective compounds, in the design of amphetamine derivatives that retain appetite-suppressive effects but lack most behavioral effects characteristic of amphetamines, and in the search for the cause of kidney stone formation in recurrently stoneforming patients. METHODS: Organic synthetic procedures were used to prepare radiation-protective compounds having a variety of sulfur-containing functional groups, and to prepare amphetamine derivatives having electron-attracting sulfur functions. In the case of the kidney stone causation research, isolation of urinary mucopolysaccharides (MPS) from recurrently stoneforming patients was carried out and the extent of sulfation of the MPS was determined by electrophoresis. RESULTS: Whole-body radiation-protective agents with a high degree of protection against lethal doses of gamma-radiation in mice were found in a series of quinolinium and pyridinium bis(methylthio) and methylthio amino derivatives. Mechanism studies showed that the copper complexes of these agents mimicked the beneficial action of superoxide dismutase. Electron-attracting sulfur-containing functions on amphetamine nitrogen, as well as 4'-amino nitrogen provided amphetamine derivatives with good appetite-suppressant effects and few or no adverse behavioral effects. Higher than normal levels of sulfation of the urinary MPS of stone formers suggested a cause for recurrent kidney stone formation. A sulfation inhibitor was found to prevent recurrence of stone formation and inhibit growth of existing stones. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of various sulfur-containing functions in organic molecules yielded compounds having whole-body radiation protection from lethal doses of gamma-radiation in animals. The presence of electron-attracting sulfur functions in amphetamine gave derivatives that retained appetite-suppressant effects and eliminated most adverse behavioral effects. A therapy for recurrent urolithiasis resulted from inhibition of MPS sulfation, after the finding that stoneforming patients had abnormally high levels of MPS sulfation.
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Karyasa, I. Wayan, I. Gede Putu Astawa, and I. Made Ardwi Pradnyana. "Mengembalikan Kejayaan Industri Kerajinan Cadas Silakarang di Kabupaten Gianyar melalui Penerapan Teknologi Cadas Termokromik Buatan." JPM (Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpm.v6i1.5095.

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Covid-19 pandemi affects most of craft industries, including the formerly fabulous Silakarang stone’s arts and crafts located in the Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. Environmental issues regarding to river basin ecological protection along Ubud and Sukawati Districts, the mining of basaltic stones from the river banks was restricted strictly by the government. Thus, the natural stones resources for the Silakarang crafts became more difficult to afford. Hence, todays the Silakarang stone craftsmen are more and more dependent on the so-called white stone of Yogya from Java Island. Artificial stone, composing of volcanic ashes, rice husk ash silica-carbon nanocomposite, Portland cement could be the solution the problem. The addition of thermochromic natural inorganic pigment to the mixture could improve their color and performance of the artificial stones. The implementation of the thermochromic artificial stones technology to solve the stone crafts problem was conducted through community service using the participatory action and learning system approuch. As results, the artificial thermochromic stone crafts and arts products could be well accepted by costumers and it impacted to better selling of the stone crafts. The craftsmen gained better income and the Silakarang stone arts and crafts enterprises could better survive among the pandemic time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stone protection"

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Graziani, Gabriela <1986&gt. "New Phosphate-Based Treatments for Carbonate Stone Consolidation and Protection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7560/4/Graziani__PhD_thesis.pdf.

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Carbonate stones on site undergo severe weathering processes, that make consolidation and protection necessary. However, currently available consolidants and protectives are far from being satisfactory when applied to this kind of materials. For this reason, in this thesis an innovative hydroxyapatite-based treatment was developed for limestone consolidation, marble consolidation and marble protection. Firstly, a new treatment protocol was set up for limestone and marble consolidation: solution precursor, concentration and pH, application method and possible additions were investigated to improve the treatment performance. Then, efficacy, compatibility and durability of the treatment were evaluated on these two lithotypes, in comparison with the products currently used for the same aim (ethyl silicate and ammonium oxalate). For marble, the treatment protocol developed in laboratory was also tested on a real historic artefact and on site. Moreover, a surface treatment for protecting marble against acidic rain was formulated, investigating how different parameters (starting solution pH and concentration, organic and inorganic additions) affect the morphology, composition and acid resistance of the treated surface. Excellent results were achieved: hydroxyapatite resulted an effective, compatible and durable consolidant for carbonate stone. Moreover, ethanol addition allowed to obtain a uniform, acid resistant protective hydroxyapatite layer on marble.
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Graziani, Gabriela <1986&gt. "New Phosphate-Based Treatments for Carbonate Stone Consolidation and Protection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7560/.

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Carbonate stones on site undergo severe weathering processes, that make consolidation and protection necessary. However, currently available consolidants and protectives are far from being satisfactory when applied to this kind of materials. For this reason, in this thesis an innovative hydroxyapatite-based treatment was developed for limestone consolidation, marble consolidation and marble protection. Firstly, a new treatment protocol was set up for limestone and marble consolidation: solution precursor, concentration and pH, application method and possible additions were investigated to improve the treatment performance. Then, efficacy, compatibility and durability of the treatment were evaluated on these two lithotypes, in comparison with the products currently used for the same aim (ethyl silicate and ammonium oxalate). For marble, the treatment protocol developed in laboratory was also tested on a real historic artefact and on site. Moreover, a surface treatment for protecting marble against acidic rain was formulated, investigating how different parameters (starting solution pH and concentration, organic and inorganic additions) affect the morphology, composition and acid resistance of the treated surface. Excellent results were achieved: hydroxyapatite resulted an effective, compatible and durable consolidant for carbonate stone. Moreover, ethanol addition allowed to obtain a uniform, acid resistant protective hydroxyapatite layer on marble.
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Andreotti, Serena <1988&gt. "Biopolymers-based treatments for the protection of stone in the cultural heritage." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9005/1/Andreotti_Serena_tesi.pdf.

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The guiding thread of the research is testing biopolymers-based treatments for the protection of stone in cultural heritage against water and salt crystallization. The idea developed is that the reversibility requirement can be fulfilled by bio-polymeric treatments, owing to a “reversibility by biodegradation” once their efficacy has finished. The first part aimed at investigating the performance of two poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s-based (PHAs-based) formulations, namely solutions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBVV), as hydrophobic coating. These formulations were applied to sandstone, limestone and marble, in order to investigate their behaviour on different substrates. Their effectiveness and compatibility were evaluated and the samples wettability after application of biopolymers and of two commercial products was compared. Promising results in terms of efficacy and compatibility were obtained, although the present PHAs-based formulations still need improvement to increase their durability and on-site applicability. Among the strategies proposed to mitigate the damage caused by salt crystallization, the modification of the surface of the pore wall, by means of a polymer coating able to minimize the repulsive disjoining force normally acting between the stone and the crystallizing salt, is particularly promising. Thus, some polyectrolyte biopolymers (alginic acid sodium salt, chitosan and tannic acid) were selected and compared with a polymer (polyacrylic acid sodium salt) for preliminary screening tests, designed and performed in order to assess whether the selected polymers fulfil some basic requirements such as good adsorption onto the stone substrate, film-forming ability, affinity and interaction with sodium sulfate. Moreover, in order to reduce calcite dissolution in water that may trigger the effect of the polymer coating, a diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) water-based treatment was applied as coupling layer on carbonate substrates. Then, the effectiveness of the coatings was evaluated by two macroscale crystallization tests on limestone with promising results especially for chitosan and alginic acid coupled with DAP.
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Villiunaite, Ilona. "Polymeric dispersions for the protection of limestone: application on noto and comiso stone." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20853.

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ABSTRACT: Architectural heritage made of limestone faces a lot of threats due to the presence of water intrusions from various sources. This problem encouraged the development of hydrophobic polymeric dispersions for the protection of stone objects. In the following study, Noto and Comiso stone samples were selected and treated with three commercial protective polymeric dispersions of different chemical composition. Untreated samples were characterized by optical microscopy, porosimetry, XRD and XRF. An extensive characterization of the treated samples was performed in order to evaluate the changes in the stone properties upon treatment with the dispersions. According to UNI EN recommendations, several tests were performed in order to evaluate developed hydrophobic effects and chromatic changes. SEM-EDX was used to study the elemental composition of the surface and to observe changes in its morphology. Reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and ss-NMR gave insight about the polymer-substrate interactions. From liquid water absorption measurement, on both Noto and Comiso stone, it was observed that Fluoline HY and Wacker 290 significantly reduced samples’ ability to absorb liquid water, while Silo 111 did not show any significant impact. Reduction of water vapour permeability was observed in all cases, except on Comiso stone samples treated with the minimum amount of Wacker 290, which seems to have had the best performance in avoiding complete pore clogging. Fluoline HY, when the minimum amount was applied, gives also a low pores’ filling while Silo 111 seems to obstruct to some extent the accessible porosity. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of polymer on the stone surface in all cases.
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Webber, Dawn. "Urinary prothrombin fragment 1 : a potential role-player in the protection of South African blacks from calcium oxalate kidney stone disease." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19148.

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The incidence of kidney stones amongst South Africa's black population is rare. This is in contrast to the white population, whose stone rate is similar to that in Western society. Urine composition alone does not account for these differences. This thesis presents a study of the inhibitory role of the protein, urinary prothrombin fragment 1 (UPTFI ), and its biochemical characterisation in both population groups. In a preliminary study, the urine composition and inhibitory activity of urine and urinary macromolecules from healthy white and black subjects was compared using a spectrophotometric sedimentation assay, zeta potential measurements and particle size analysis. Results suggested greater inhibition by urinary macromolecules in the black group. UPTFI was isolated from calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and purified by reverse phase (RP)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the urine of healthy white (WFl) and black (BFl) subjects. The identity of the purified proteins was confirmed by Western blotting, N-terminal protein sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), amino acid analysis and 2D sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); these analyses did not indicate differences in the protein backbone from the two groups. However, alkaline amino acid analysis showed the presence of more y-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in BFI. The N-and 0-linked glycans were released by enzymatic and chemical reactions, respectively, and sequenced using exoglycosidase digestions in tandem with RP and weak anion exchange HPLC, as well as MS. These analyses demonstrated a high proportion of sialylated glycans on UPTFl and a greater number of sialic acid residues on BFI. Molecular modeling located the glycans on the protein's kringle domain and identified a potential mode by which crystallisation could be inhibited.
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Concha, Lozano Nicolas. "Compatibilité et durabilité des pierres de substitutions dans les monuments. Aspects physicochimiques et visuels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739689.

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La conservation des monuments implique fréquemment une étape de substitution des parties dégradées par des pierres de tailles neuves. Cependant, la pierre d'origine est souvent indisponible, ce qui soulève la question du choix d'une pierre de remplacement compatible. La question de la compatibilité de la pierre est abordée à travers une démarche transversale considérant à la fois des critères physicochimiques et des critères d'aspect visuels. Les objectifs principaux ont été d'une part l'identification les mécanismes d'altération les plus impactants en termes de changement de couleur et d'autre part, la prise en compte du contexte visuel sur la compatibilité esthétique des matériaux de remplacement. L'étude porte sur un calcaire oolitique échantillonnée en carrière et sur des monuments bâtis à différentes époques. Il résulte que les lichens endolithiques ont un effet déterminant sur la durabilité et l'aspect à long terme de la pierre via un mécanisme protecteur d'imperméabilisation de la surface. Concernant l'aspect visuel, une méthode est proposée pour mesurer la gamme de couleur acceptable dans un monument à l'aide d'un test psychovisuel. Pour cela, une chaine de traitement d'image depuis l'acquisition jusqu'à l'affichage a été mise au point pour simuler des remplacements virtuels à partir d'images colorimetriquement calibrées. A partir d'un panel d'observateurs, un protocole de test a été conçu pour identifier la gamme de couleur indiscernable au sein d'une façade de monument. La discussion s'appuie sur des résultats préliminaires concernant la muraille de la cité médiévale d'Aigues-Mortes.
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Trad, Ayman. "Analyse du comportement et modélisation de structures souples de protection : le cas des écrans de filets pare-pierres sous sollicitations statique et dynamique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690546.

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En région montagneuse, les infrastructures et les voies de communications sont soumises à de nombreux risques naturels dont les phénomènes d'origine gravitaire. Au-delà du danger pour les usagers, les conséquences des interruptions du trafic deviennent problématiques d'un point de vue économique et il devient indispensable de sécuriser les itinéraires. La mise en place d'écrans de filets pare-pierres est une des solutions possibles pour la protection contre les éboulements rocheux. Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des écrans souples ou filets métalliques de protection contre les chutes de blocs et plus précisément sur l'écran développé par l'entreprise GTS. Le filet constitutif de ces écrans se différencie par rapport aux systèmes conventionnels par un comportement orthotrope, dû à un maillage spécifique. Dans cette étude nous caractérisons le comportement de ces écrans de filets sous des chargements statiques et dynamiques de type impact par une approche couplant l'expérimentation et la modélisation numérique. L'étude procède pas à pas, les divers constituants sont évalués de façon quasi-statique, en laboratoire, et également in-situ pour reproduire les conditions réelles d'utilisation, en particulier l'aspect dynamique. Une attention particulière concernant les dissipateurs d'énergie, qui représentent l'élément centrale de ce type de structure, nous a permis de mettre au point un élément fusible robuste et fiable. Une campagne d'essais en grandeur réel sur les écrans de filets étudiés a permis de valider deux classes énergétiques (3000 kJ et 5000 kJ) selon les recommandations européennes. Les données recueillis lors des expérimentations ont permis de calibrer et valider différentes modélisations numériques de type éléments finis et éléments discrets. La pertinence de la modélisation a été évaluée au niveau des différentes échelles étudiées, échelle d'une maille, échelle d'une nappe, échelle du dissipateur d'énergie et échelle de la structure entière. Les performances et les limites des deux approches, MEF (méthode des éléments finis) et MED (méthodes des éléments discrets) ont été évaluées pour ce qui est de nos modélisations.
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Nocito, Christophe. "Développement d’un textile intégrant des cellules photovoltaïques pour application de protection solaire store enroulable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10195/document.

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Le développement de matériaux permettant la fabrication de bâtiments à « énergie positive » est une préoccupation importante. Les solutions existantes consistent soit à économiser de l’énergie, soit à la produire. Nous proposons de développer un store photovoltaïque rassemblant ainsi les deux fonctions : diminuer la consommation d’énergie en apportant une régulation thermique et la production de l’énergie électrique.Le produit ainsi conçu, peut aussi être utilisé dans des domaines autonomes (camping-cars, bateaux) afin de favoriser une utilisation nomade ou des domaines connectés au réseau électrique (résidentiels). Le développement d’une telle application nécessite l’utilisation de panneaux photovoltaïques souples, légers, fins, dont les rendements de production surfaciques sont les meilleurs possibles. La possibilité de rangement du panneau photovoltaïque autour d’un tube cylindrique permet d’améliorer leur intégration architecturale et un encombrement minimum.A cette fin, il est utile d’intégrer des capteurs photovoltaïques au textile. L’intégration des cellules photovoltaïques est réalisée par un procédé de lamination continu différent des procédés conventionnels.Afin de s’assurer de la faisabilité d’un tel produit, des prototypes ont été réalisés pour connaître les difficultés rencontrées lors des étapes successives de montage. De plus, ceux-ci ont permis d’effectuer des mesures dans des conditions réelles et comparer ainsi la solution développée aux solutions existantes
Developing new materials to make positive energy buildings is an important issue. Solutions currently in existence are either energy saving or energy production. We are proposing a photovoltaic awning which has both functions: decreasing the energy consumption and producing the electricity.This new product can be used as an off-grid system (RV-awning, marine) for nomad use or as an on-grid systems (residential). Such application development needs the photovoltaic technology thin, light, flexible and as efficient as possible. The storage space around the cylindrical roll allows improving the architectural integration and minimal size.In order to realize this novel product, the bonding of photovoltaic cells to the textile structure (lamination) is necessary. This part of the project has been realized with a new roll-to-roll process different from the conventional one.Prototypes have been made in order to acquire knowledge and experience related to difficulties that may occur at the next step of the realization. Moreover, various tests have been done to compare other technologies to the photovoltaic awning
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Carsky, Mary L. "Consumer satisfaction with food marketing services: the effects of in-store information and education programs." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54231.

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The purposes of this study were to identify the relationship between the provision of consumer information programs and satisfaction with food marketing services and to assess the benefits of a program as they affect both consumer satisfaction and retail food store profits. A conceptual model which proposed a positive relationship between the provision of a consumer information program and increased product purchasing, increased satisfaction with the product, and increased satisfaction with the foodstore was developed for the study. The model was operationalized through the use of three indicators to measure each of the four constructs. A field test of the model was conducted at a warehouse foodstore in central Connecticut where an in-store information program had been implemented one year prior to this study. The program, which focused on meats, provided three modes of presentation. Response to the program was measured by interviewing 277 shoppers during October and November, 1984. Respondents were asked about their use of the information presented, attitude toward the program, and perception of its usefulness. The data collection instrument developed for this study was a two part questionnaire. The first part was self administered. Respondents were dueried on satisfaction with the meat department and with the store. Twenty-one attitude, interest, opinion items related to food shopping and meal preparation were included in this section. The second part was an interview questionnaire which was utilized to ‘ obtain information on shoppers response to the information program, shopping habits, and demographic characteristics. The sample was found to be representative of warehouse foodstore shoppers. The average household size was four persons, and the average food budget was $100.00 per week. Twenty-nine percent spent less than 50% of their meat budget at the store, but only 11% purchased less than 50% of their groceries (excluding meat) at this store. Shoppers who responded positively toward the information program purchased more meat, and were more satisfied with the meat department and with the store. The conceptual model was able to explain positive response as measured by use, attitude, and perception of usefulness of the program in terms of these outcomes. The model was unable to explain negative response to the program. Further analyses of the data resulted in the addition of two antecedent variables to the model. Those who were not predisposed to information seeking and had never enrolled in a consumer education course were likely to be nonusers of the information program.
Ph. D.
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Fiskin, Gokce. "A Case Study On The Stability Of Berm Type Coastal Defense Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605604/index.pdf.

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Coastal defense structures have primary importance from obtainabilty of resources and benefits served by the coastal regions point of view. However, the construction of coastal defense structures demand a high amount of investment. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of collapse of these structures, model studies should be carried during the design process. In this study, model investigations were carried out on Eastern Black Sea Highway Project regarding the serviceability and damage thus stability parameters. 5 different models were constructed as berm type rubble-mound breakwaters using Van Der Meer&rsquo
s approach and berm design guidelines, with a scale of 1/31.08 and they were tested both for breaking and non-breaking waves. The experiments took place in the Coastal and Harbor Engineering Laboratory of the Middle East Technical University, Civil Engineering Department. The models were constructed and tested with different berm widths and armor stone sizes forming the back armor layer in order to examine the effect of these design parameters on the stability and serviceability of the coastal defense structure to obtain the optimum alternative cross-section. Cumulative damage was minimum for the cross-section constructed with berm width 15 m assigning the width of the prototype. Water spray and run-up values were also not significant. The test results were confirming with Van Der Meer design approach.
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Books on the topic "Stone protection"

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Maynord, Stephen T. Toe scour and bank protection using launchable stone. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1995.

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Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network Conference (2000). Stone decay: Its causes and controls. Shaftesbury: Donhead, 2004.

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Ciappe, beudi e cicogne: Un'illustrazione per immagini della cultura materiale del Tigullio con esempi significativi di bellezza e di degrado. Genoa, Italy]: De Ferrari, 2010.

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(Japan), Shibukawa-shi. Sekizōbutsu to bunkazai. Shibukawa-shi: Shibukawa-shi, 1986.

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Iinkai, Amarume-machi Kyōiku. Amarume-machi no sekizō bunkazai. Yamagata-ken Higashitagawa-gun Amarume-machi: Amarume-machi Kyōiku Iinkai, 1989.

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1952-, Fidler John, ed. Stone building materials, construction and associated component systems: Their decay and treatment. Sterling: Earthscan, 2006.

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Kamakura-shi bunkazai sōgō mokuroku: Kenzōbutsu hen. Kyōto-shi: Dōhōsha, 1987.

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Box, C. J. Stone cold. New York: G.P. Putnam Sons, 2014.

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(Korea), Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso. Sŏkcho munhwajae anjŏn kwalli pangan yŏn'gu pogosŏ: Ch'ŏmsŏngdae rŭl chungsim ŭro. Taejŏn Kwangyŏksi: Kungnip Munhwajae Yŏn'guso, 2011.

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Varaksina, S. V. I︠U︡velirnoe i kamnereznoe iskusstvo: Tradit︠s︡ii, novat︠s︡ii, problemy : materialy Pi︠a︡toĭ nauchno-prakticheskoĭ konferent︠s︡ii. Ekaterinburg: Avtograf, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stone protection"

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Karapanagiotis, Ioannis, and Majid Hosseini. "Superhydrophobic Coatings for the Protection of Natural Stone." In Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3_1.

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Cappelletti, G., P. Fermo, A. Piazzalunga, and G. Padeletti. "Transparent Hybrid Films for Stone Conservation and Protection." In Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management, 423–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08533-3_36.

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Jroundi, Fadwa, Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz, and Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro. "Protection and Consolidation of Stone Heritage by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_13.

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AbstractFor millennia, artists and architects around the world used natural stone for the carving of sculptures and the construction of monuments, such as Roman, Greek, and Maya temples, the European cathedrals, and the Taj Mahal, just to name a few. Currently, the survival of these irreplaceable cultural and historical assets is under threat due to their continued degradation caused by various biotic and abiotic weathering processes that affect not only the aesthetic appearance of these structures, but also their durability and survival. The natural precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals by bacteria has been proposed for conservative interventions in monument restoration. This chapter reviews the application of biomineralization by (indigenous) bacterial carbonatogenesis as a novel technology for the protection and consolidation of altered ornamental materials. Carbonatogenesis is based on the ability of some bacteria to induce calcium carbonate precipitation. Laboratory and in situ results support the efficacy of bacterial carbonatogenesis, since remarkable protection and consolidation are achieved on the surface and in depth, without alterations in color or porosity, and without fostering the development of microbiota that could be harmful to the stone material. A discussion on the advantages of this novel biotechnology is provided. Challenges and future work on bioconsolidation of stone artifacts are also outlined.
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Ciornei, Laura, and Murat Saatcioglu. "Protection of Historic Stone Masonry Walls Against Blast Loads." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 500–511. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90788-4_40.

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Sierra-Fernandez, A., L. S. Gomez-Villalba, S. C. De la Rosa-García, S. Gomez-Cornelio, P. Quintana, M. E. Rabanal, and R. Fort. "Inorganic Nanomaterials for the Consolidation and Antifungal Protection of Stone Heritage." In Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone, 125–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3_6.

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Toniolo, Lucia, and Francesca Gherardi. "The Protection of Marble Surfaces: The Challenge to Develop Suitable Nanostructured Treatments." In Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone, 57–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3_3.

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Koblischek, P. J. "Protection of Surfaces of Natural Stone and Concrete through Polymers." In Surface Engineering, 62–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0773-7_7.

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Gu, Ji-Dong, and Yoko Katayama. "Microbiota and Biochemical Processes Involved in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage and Protection." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_2.

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AbstractThe world cultural heritage sites face new challenges for an effective protection and management because of destruction and damage initiated by both natural and anthropogenic causes. Fresh rock and sandstone surfaces of buildings are quickly colonized and covered by a layer of microorganisms, including phototrophs, lithotrophs, and heterotrophs to form a biofilm that alters the local conditions of the stone surfaces, especially under the favorable tropical climate conditions for autotrophic microorganisms and plants. Biofilms had been studied with indigenous or pure cultures of isolated microorganisms, but the selective ones that contribute to deterioration of the cultural heritage cannot be confirmed easily. Currently, high-throughput sequencing and metegenomics analyses are capable of obtaining microbial community and composition in great depth, but they also suffer from similar weakness unable to identify the culprits in the community. With these as background, this article presents a different approach by focusing on the biochemical processes and the responsible microorganisms involved to reveal the destruction processes for management and protection. Among these different functional groups of microorganisms, lichens are known as pioneering rock-decomposing microorganisms, and both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi participate in the decomposition of sandstone via sulfur cycling and initiation of salt attack of the stone afterward, resulting in defoliation and cracking of stone. Other microorganisms including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, especially the latter, have been recently detected on sandstone monuments providing evidence on the new organisms involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage and buildings. In addition, fungi can colonize the surfaces of the matured biofilms and play a new role in the removal of them, which has a potential biotechnological application in conservation of cultural heritage. The new proposed approach by focusing the microorganisms with identified biochemical function is more productive than a description of the community composition and assembly when assessing cultural heritage biodeterioration, and this provides basic and useful information for effective protection strategies and management.
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Luig, Klaus, Dino Mustedanagic, Dieter Jansen, Sebastian Fuchs, Robert Schülbe, Peter Katranuschkov, Al-Hakam Hamdan, Christoph Franzen, Kristin Hiemann, and Raimar Scherer. "Towards a Building Information Modeling System for Identification and Retrofit Planning of Stone Damages." In Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, 254–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73043-7_21.

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Cihla, Michal, and Jaroslav Valach. "Digital Traceological and Mechanoscopic Methods in the Study of the Stone Surface of Historical Objects." In Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, 482–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73043-7_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stone protection"

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de Schoesitter, Philippe, Sarah Audenaert, Leen Baelus, Annelies Bolle, Andrew Brown, Luciana Das Neves, Tiago Ferradosa, et al. "Feasibility of a Dynamically Stable Rock Armour Layer Scour Protection for Offshore Wind Farms." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24426.

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Armour layer scour protections around offshore wind turbine foundations are commonly designed to provide a static protection in storm conditions, which means no or limited movement of rock is allowed (Den Boon et al., 2004, De Vos et al., 2011). This approach often results in large stone sizes and high scour protection costs. Therefore, a dynamic approach can be an interesting alternative. Such a dynamic design can be achieved by decreasing the armour stone size allowing movement of the stones and increasing the armour layer thickness to prevent filter layer exposure. A physical test program was conducted to investigate the feasibility and behaviour of such a dynamically stable scour protection. In this model, a monopile foundation exposed to typical North Sea combinations of unidirectional currents and waves was reproduced in a wave flume. The program included a number of test series each with different water depths. In each test series, the armour layer stone size and the armour layer thickness were varied, in order to obtain a reshaping scour protection, without filter material exposure. Damage and failure were assessed both visually and using a 3D-laser profiler. Because previous works on damage numbers of rock armour layer scour protections mainly focus on static design, a new damage number was introduced and compared to the visual observation. This allowed the definition of a ‘dynamic area’ between static design and failure. Scour pit development in time and equilibrium profiling were also analyzed. The results of the tests showed that the concept of a dynamically stable scour protection is feasible.
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Desheng Liu and Shudong Sun. "Development and protection techniques for stone World Heritage sites." In 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2012.6333498.

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Teoh, C. P., G. Lloyd, R. Hunt, J. Mendez, and A. Abdulla. "Process bus busbar protection - a stepping stone towards digital substation." In 15th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP 2020). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2020.0132.

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Kourai, Kenichi, Takeshi Azumi, and Shigeru Chiba. "A Self-Protection Mechanism against Stepping-Stone Attacks for IaaS Clouds." In 2012 IEEE 9th Int'l Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing / 9th Int'l Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing (UIC/ATC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc.2012.139.

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Hou, Weihong, Jingchun Wang, Xizhao Wang, and Wenjiang Li. "Effect of Slope Protection of Crushed Stone on Subgrade in Permafrost." In 13th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40836(210)30.

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Xin, Y., and Y. X. Yu. "Adsorption and Mobility of Lithium on Pristine and Stone-Thrower-Wales Defective Silicenes." In International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection 2015. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meep-15.2016.14.

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WANG, Hong-Cui, Dao-Tan WANG, Zhu BAO, and Xu-Shen ZHOU. "Analysis on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal of Sand Stone Dam in River." In 2018 International Conference on Energy Development and Environmental Protection (EDEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/edep-18.2018.43.

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Arun, T., D. K. Ray, V. P. Gupta, S. S. Panda, P. K. Sahoo, Jaydip Ghosh, Pranesh Sengupta, and P. V. Satyam. "Surface protection coating material for controlling the decay of major construction stone." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980477.

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Song Guohui, Li Yunfeng, Xu Yanjuan, Liu Linian, He Ming, and Liao Changchun. "Discussion on the major concern in the construction of stone dike terrace in Zhenba County." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893414.

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Иордосопол, Елена, and Валентина Маевский. "Новые аспекты в комплексе паразитов чешуекрылых вредителей сливы и этологии сливовой толстоножки." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.12.

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This work contains information on the role of nectar-bearing grasses in attracting parasites of the main plum pests, their localization and the formation of entomological microreserves, comparing it with the seasonal dynamics of the number of the main plum pests Grapholitha funebrana Tr, G. molestae B, Anarsia lineatela L. On the ethological aspects of the stone fruit pest of the plum Eurytoma schreneri S. in comparison to different varieties of plum.
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Reports on the topic "Stone protection"

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Barthelmes, Michael. Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288173.

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Geologic Resources Inventory reports provide information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in GRI reports may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting held in 2012 and a follow-up conference call in 2020. Chapters of this report discuss the geologic setting and significance, geologic features and processes, and geologic resource management issues within Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. Information about the previously completed GRI map data is also provided. A GRI map poster (separate product) illustrate the GRI map data. Geologic features, processes, and resource management issues identified include erosion and mass wasting, fluvial features and processes, monadnocks, earthworks, stone quarry, building stone, ultramafic rocks, seismic activity, caves and karst, and eolian features and processes.
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Iyer, Ananth V., Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Naveed Lalani, Charul Bagla, Andrew Colbert, and Rohan Shah. Cost-Effectiveness of Constructing Minimal Shelter to Store INDOT Equipment (Weather Protection). Purdue University, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316917.

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Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson, and Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point that rubblization is the mainstream option in dealing with problematic concrete pavements. This report summarizes the performance of several interstate rubblizing projects in Illinois by analyzing available data in Illinois Department of Transportation’s pavement management system. Condition rating survey data allowed the serviceability of these projects to be evaluated by surface mix types and asphalt performance grades. Traffic in the form of 18,000 lb equivalent single axle loads was determined for the projects to evaluate fatigue and rutting as well as compare section performance to the design procedure. The research team reviewed plans, design procedures, and specifications to determine best practices and identify where improvements might be made. Data showed that the use of stone matrix asphalt surface mixtures and mixes using PGXX-28 asphalt binders provides improved performance. Overall, rubblizing has shown good to excellent performance. To provide additional life with improved performance, recommendations include adopting softer asphalt grades, increasing the use of stone matrix asphalt, and improving procedures for protecting culverts.
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Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.

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Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.
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Sajjanhar, Anuradha, and Denzil Mohammed. Immigrant Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Immigrant Learning Center Inc., December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54843/dpe8f2.

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The COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the United States, and essential workers across industries like health care, agriculture, retail, transportation and food supply were key to our survival. Immigrants, overrepresented in essential industries but largely invisible in the public eye, were critical to our ability to weather the pandemic and recover from it. But who are they? How did they do the riskiest of jobs in the riskiest of times? And how were both U.S.-born and foreign-born residents affected? This report explores the crucial contributions of immigrant essential workers, their impact on the lives of those around them, and how they were affected by the pandemic, public sentiment and policies. It further explores the contradiction of immigrants being essential to all of our well-being yet denied benefits, protections and rights given to most others. The pandemic revealed the significant value of immigrant essential workers to the health of all Americans. This report places renewed emphasis on their importance to national well-being. The report first provides a demographic picture of foreign-born workers in key industries during the pandemic using U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data. Part I then gives a detailed narrative of immigrants’ experiences and contributions to the country’s perseverance during the pandemic based on interviews with immigrant essential workers in California, Minnesota and Texas, as well as with policy experts and community organizers from across the country. Interviewees include: ■ A food packing worker from Mexico who saw posters thanking doctors and grocery workers but not those like her working in the fields. ■ A retail worker from Argentina who refused the vaccine due to mistrust of the government. ■ A worker in a check cashing store from Eritrea who felt a “responsibility to be able to take care of people” lining up to pay their bills. Part II examines how federal and state policies, as well as increased public recognition of the value of essential workers, failed to address the needs and concerns of immigrants and their families. Both foreign-born and U.S.-born people felt the consequences. Policies kept foreign-trained health care workers out of hospitals when intensive care units were full. They created food and household supply shortages resulting in empty grocery shelves. They denied workplace protections to those doing the riskiest jobs during a crisis. While legislation and programs made some COVID-19 relief money available, much of it failed to reach the immigrant essential workers most in need. Part II also offers several examples of local and state initiatives that stepped in to remedy this. By looking more deeply at the crucial role of immigrant essential workers and the policies that affect them, this report offers insight into how the nation can better respond to the next public health crisis.
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Significance of Community-Held Territories in 24 Countries to Global Climate. Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ybgf2711.

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This research provides a timely reminder of the global significance of community-held lands and territories; their importance for the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of tropical forestlands across the world; and the critical gaps in the international development architecture that have so far undermined progress towards the legal recognition of such lands and territories. Our findings indicate that Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendant Peoples, and local communities customarily hold and use at least 958 million hectares (mha) of land in the 24 reviewed countries but have legally recognized rights to less than half of this area (447 mha). Their lands are estimated to store at least 253.5 Gigatons of Carbon (GtC), playing a vital role in the maintenance of globally significant greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. However, the majority of this carbon (52 percent, or 130.6 GtC) is stored in community-held lands and territories that have yet to be legally recognized.
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