Academic literature on the topic 'Stone milling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stone milling"
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Qi, Feng Lian, Zhi Li Sun, and Min Zhao. "The Research of Automatic Measuring System on Stone Milling Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1005.
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The automatic measuring system of stone milling force is studied in the article. The columned diamond milling cutters are used to mill stone on NC milling machines. Through analyzing the milling force, the mathematic model is established. Combining the measuring force index, the experimental facility of the automatic measuring system is established and solving methods of the key problems on the software data acquisition is detailed. The system is utilized to measure three component force of milling, that is, horizontal force, vertical force and axial force. Reliable data is acquired. Finally the automatic acquisition of data and the drawing of curve are realized. The achievement of automatic measurement of stone milling force provides theory basis for the further research on the wearing characteristics of diamond cutters, cutting quality of stones and the optimizing of processing technological parameter etc.
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Parenti, Alessandro, Piernicola Masella, Lorenzo Guerrini, Antonio Guiso, and Paolo Spugnoli. "Energetic and economic viability of olive stone recovery as a renewable energy source: a Southern Italy case study." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 45, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2014.230.
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The recovery of olive stones for biofuel is becoming increasingly widespread in olive milling plants. In this study we look at the economic and energetic benefits of using a de-stoner machine in a small-to-medium sized oil milling plant. The performance of the olive stone recovery system was evaluated over a full olive oil production season. The energetic viability of the de-stoner was assessed using a Life Cycle Assessment approach, and the break-even point was achieved when about 56 tons of olives had been processed, which is less than the annual production of the mill in question. Similarly, in economic terms, the machine covered its costs after about a quarter of its technical life.
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Chondrou, D., S. M. Valamoti, H. Procopiou, and L. Papadopoulou. "Grinding cereals and pulses in the Neolithic site of Kleitos: an experimental investigation of microconglomerate grinding equipment, final products and use wear." Journal of Greek Archaeology 3 (January 1, 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v3i.521.
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Stone grinding tools (i.e. querns or grinding stones / millstones / metates and handstones or grinders / upper milling stones / manos) constitute an important part of the material culture recovered in prehistoric excavations. These implements, as well as the technological category in which they are traditionally attributed, known by the generic term ‘ground stone tools’, and by the more recently proposed term ‘macrolithic tools’, received the interest they deserve not long ago, through specialized studies.
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Carcea, Marina, Valentina Narducci, Valeria Turfani, and Enrico Finotti. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat (Part 2): Influence on Nutritional and Technological Quality of Products." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030339.
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Wholegrain soft wheat flours can be obtained by either roller milling or stone milling. In this paper, we report on the continuation of a study aimed at analysing compositional and technological differences between differently milled wholegrain flours. Eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products analysed for their phytic acid, lipids composition to determine the presence of trans-fatty acids and damaged starch. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was also analysed as comparison, as well as seven wholegrain flours purchased on the market. For phytic acid we found that that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if the milling streams are all recombined: the milling streams instead have different amounts of phytic acid which is mainly present in the fine bran and coarse bran. It was not possible to highlight differences in the milling technology due to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the stone milled wholegrain flour whereas it was possible to find that starch damage depended on the milling method with stone milled wholegrain flours having in all cases significantly higher values than the roller milled ones.
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Carcea, Marina, Valeria Turfani, Valentina Narducci, Sahara Melloni, Vincenzo Galli, and Valentina Tullio. "Stone Milling versus Roller Milling in Soft Wheat: Influence on Products Composition." Foods 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010003.
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Wholegrain wheat flours are in great demand from consumers worldwide because they are considered healthier then refined flours. They can be obtained by either stone milling, which is experiencing a revival in Europe, or roller milling. In order to study compositional differences due to the milling technology and to explore the possibility of a better qualification of wholegrain flours by means of nutritionally oriented quality parameters, eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products were analyzed for their protein, ash, lipids, total dietary fibre, total polyphenols and alkylresorcinols content. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was used as a comparison and a set of seven wholegrain flours purchased on themarket were also analyzed and compared. The particle size distribution of stone milled and recombined roller milled flour was also studied. Considering the above mentioned parameters, we found that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if, in this latter one, the milling streams are all recombined, but the particle size distribution was different. This might have an impact on the technological quality of flours and on the bioavailability of components.
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Liu, Xiao Hua, Jian Xia Fu, Li Li, Xing Dong Lv, Peng Peng, and Guo Sheng Gai. "Leaching Mineral Elements from Chinese Maifan-Stone." Advanced Materials Research 58 (October 2008): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.58.69.
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Chinese maifan-stone (CMS) is Chinese traditional mineral medicine, in which there are lots of soluble mineral elements. In this paper static soaping to leach mineral elements and dry or wet gringding maifan-stone simultaneously leaching mineral elements was studied. The result shows that: much more mineral elements were leached from Maifan-stone by the method that wet vibrating mill than by the method that soaking fine Maifan-stone after dry-milling. And the factors influencing on the mineral concentration such as milling time and solid/liquid mass ratio were investigated. Furthermore, the possibility of wet-milling simultaneously to leaching mineral elements from Maifan-stone to industrialization was analyzed, and pointed out that it has good industrialization foreground.
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PALPACELLI, VALENTINO, LUCA BECO, and MAURIZIO CIANI. "Vomitoxin and Zearalenone Content of Soft Wheat Flour Milled by Different Methods." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.2.509.
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Given the prominence and the growing importance of mycotoxins in human and animal health, and particularly of vomitoxin and zearalenone in people who use wheat and wheat products as their staple diet, we investigated two different types of wheat milling. Wheat produced according to good manufacturing practice related to mycotoxin risks (from sowing to harvesting) was used to compare the vomitoxin and zearalenone content of soft wheat flour, following the use of two different types of milling, traditional milling with a stone mill and modern milling with a roller mill. Moreover, the vomitoxin and zearalenone content was also evaluated in commercial stone-milled and roller-milled flours. Our results show that stone milling reduced vomitoxin and zearalenone content in flours, compared with the use of the roller-mill system.
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del Valle, F. R., H. Loo, M. A. Arce, D. Clason, and M. Sánchez-Lucero. "Effects of pregrinding and extrusion on quality of corn tortilla flour Efectos de la premolienda y la extrusión sobre la calidad de harina de maíz para tortillas." Food Science and Technology International 3, no. 5 (October 1997): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329700300505.
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The effects of stone and pin milling (with and without subsequent extrusion) on quality parameters of tortilla flour were studied and quantified with the aid of a laboratory extruder. The viscoamylograms of selected flour samples were also determined. Results revealed that tortilla flour of good quality could be obtained by stone milling (with or without subsequent extrusion) but not pin milling, even with subsequent extrusion. Although the stone milled samples reflected adequate flour quality parameters, their viscoamylograms were different in many respects from that of a commercial tortilla flour sample which resembled the viscoamylogram of raw flour.
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Pagani, Maria Ambrogina, Debora Giordano, Gaetano Cardone, Antonella Pasqualone, Maria Cristina Casiraghi, Daniela Erba, Massimo Blandino, and Alessandra Marti. "Nutritional Features and Bread-Making Performance of Wholewheat: Does the Milling System Matter?" Foods 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081035.
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Despite the interest in stone-milling, there is no information on the potential advantages of using the resultant wholegrain flour (WF) in bread-making. Consequently, nutritional and technological properties of WFs obtained by both stone- (SWF) and roller-milling (RWF) were assessed on four wheat samples, differing in grain hardness and pigment richness. Regardless of the type of wheat, stone-milling led to WFs with a high number of particles ranging in size from 315 to 710 μm), whereas RWFs showed a bimodal distribution with large (>1000 μm) and fine (<250 μm) particles. On average, the milling system did not affect the proximate composition and the bioactive features of WFs. The gluten aggregation kinetics resulted in similar trends for all SWFs, with indices higher than for RWFs. The effect of milling on dough properties (i.e., mixing and leavening) was sample dependent. Overall, SWFs produced more gas, resulting in bread with higher specific volume. Bread crumb from SWF had higher lutein content in the wheat cv rich in xanthophylls, while bread from RWF of the blue-grained cv had a moderate but significantly higher content in esterified phenolic acids and total anthocyanins. In conclusion, there was no relevant advantage in using stone- as opposed to roller-milling (and vice versa).
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Gyurika, I. G., and M. Gálos. "The creation of new research system for the investigation of surface quality by stones." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.4.2013.1.6.
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Abstract The research on automated stone machining processes was very significant in the last two decades. Sawing, cutting and grinding of different stones like granite, marble, limestone became cheaper and more productive because of the results of researches. When searching through international specialised literature in the topic of stone machining with machine centres, theoretical summaries or researches can hardly be found. The aim of the researchers writing this article is — as a pioneer in Hungary, but also among the first internationally — to examine the optimization and technological problems in the area of stone milling processes. The researchers have developed a complex research system with the collaboration of two departments of University of Technology and Economics and an industrial stone machining firm, Woldem Ltd. to solve the problems. This paper summarizes the parts of this system. General steps and results of research processes are demonstrated by reference experiments. Face milling operations were made on a granite block with five different cutting speeds and then the researchers measured slip safety and average surface roughness values in case of different samples. Finally, upcoming tasks of the research team are summarized.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stone milling"
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Adams, Jenny Lou. "The development of prehistoric grinding technology in the Point of Pines area, east-central Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186928.
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The development of grinding technology is a topic that has not received much attention from archaeologists in the American Southwest. Presented here is a technological approach to ground stone analysis capitalizing on the methods of ethnoarchaeology, experimentation, and use-wear analysis. These methods are applied to an existing collection of ground stone artifacts amassed by the University of Arizona field school's excavation of the Point of Pines sites in east-central Arizona. The heart of the technological approach is the recognition that technological behavior is social behavior and as such is culturally distinct. Both puebloan and nonpuebloan ethnographies provide models for understanding how ground stone tools were used by different cultural groups in daily activities and for making inferences about gender-specific behaviors. Culturally distinct behaviors are sustained through technological traditions, defined as the transmitted knowledge and behaviors with which people learn how to do things. A technological approach is applied to the ground stone assemblages from nine Point of Pines sites that date within eight phases, from A.D. 400 to A.D. 1425-1450. The assemblages are compared and assessed in terms of variation that might reflect developments in grinding technology. Developments may have derived from local innovations or from introduced technological traditions. Assemblage variation is evaluated in light of major events in Point of Pines prehistory, particularly the change from pit house villages to pueblo villages and the immigration of Tusayan Anasazi. Point of Pines grinding technology continued relatively unchanged until late in the occupation. Around the mid-1200s, an Anasazi group immigrated to the Point of Pines area and took up residence in the largest Point of Pines pueblo. Foreign technology was introduced but not immediately adopted by the resident Mogollon. Food grinding equipment of two different designs coexisted for about 100 years, until around A.D. 1400 when there is evidence of a change in the social organization of food grinding. It is this change that signals the blending of Mogollon and Anasazi into Western Pueblo.
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Buonasera, Tammy Yvonne. "Expanding Archaeological Approaches to Ground Stone: Modeling Manufacturing Costs, Analyzing Absorbed Organic Residues, and Exploring Social Dimensions of Milling Tools." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268534.
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Although ground stone artifacts comprise a substantial portion of the archaeological record, their use as an important source of information about the past has remained underdeveloped. This is especially true for milling tools (mortars, pestles, grinding slabs and handstones) used by hunter-gatherers. Three studies that apply novel techniques and approaches to prehistoric milling technology are presented here. Together they demonstrate that substantial opportunities exist for new avenues of inquiry in the study of these artifacts. The first combines a simple optimization model from behavioral ecology with experimental data to weigh manufacturing costs against gains in grinding efficiency for mobile hunter-gatherers. Results run counter to widespread assumptions that mobile hunter-gatherers should not spend time shaping grinding surfaces on milling tools. Next, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to analyze lipid preservation in modified rock features in dry caves at Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, New Mexico. A high concentration of lipids, derived from processing a seed resource, was recovered from a grinding surface in these caves. The lipid content in this surface is comparable to amounts recovered from select pottery sherds that have been used for radiocarbon dating. The third study uses synchronic and diachronic variability in morphology, use-wear, and symbolic content to analyze ground stone milling tools from mortuary contexts in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence supports the inferred association of certain mortars with feasting and ritual activities. Differences in the representation of some of these forms in male and female graves may reflect changes in the roles of women and men in community ritual and politics.
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cappelli, alessio. "Innovations and improvements in flours production chains: a focus on machinery and plants." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1226547.
Full textBooks on the topic "Stone milling"
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Yohe, Robert M. The archaeology of Las Montanas (CA-SDI-10246): A paleo-economic interpretation of a milling stone horizon site, San Diego County, California. Salinas, CA: Coyote Press, 1995.
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Differential persistence of variation in prehistoric milling tools from the Middle Rio Puerco Valley, New Mexico. Oxford, England: Archaeopress, 2007.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger. Prevention of other non-calcium stones. Edited by John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0016.
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Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem with an increase in incidence and prevalence affecting the quality of life of millions of people. While there have been significant advances in minimally invasive and endourological techniques to treat urinary stones, stone recurrence remains a substantial medical problem posing considerable social and financial burdens. Although debate continues on optimal metabolic workup in stone formers, identification of metabolic risk factors and medical preventive therapy is known to decrease stone recurrence. Specific treatment measures include targeted medical therapy tailored to individual stone types. In this chapter we discuss the current specific as well as non-specific measures to prevent non-calcium-based stones.
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The grinding capacity of French buhr mill stones is unquestionable. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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Shoemaker, Stephen P. Unitarians, Shakers, and Quakers in North America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0011.
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The American Revolution inspired new movements with a longing to restore what they believed was a primitive and pure form of the church, uncorrupted by the accretions of the centuries. Unlike most Canadians, Americans were driven by the rhetoric of human equality, in which individual believers could dispense with creeds or deference to learned ministers. This chapter argues that one manifestation of this was the Restorationist impulse: the desire to recover beliefs and practices believed lost or obscured. While that impulse could be found in many Protestant bodies, the groups classified as ‘Restorationist’ in North America emerged from what is today labelled the Stone-Campbell movement. They were not known explicitly as Restorationists as they identified themselves as ‘Christian Churches’ or ‘Disciples of Christ’ in a bid to find names that did not separate them from other Christians. The roots of this movement lay in the Republican Methodist Church or ‘Christian Church’ founded by James O’Kelly on the principle of representative governance in church and state. As its ‘Christian’ title implied, the new movement was supposed to effect Christian unity. It was carried forward in New England by Abner Jones and Elias Smith who came from Separate Baptist congregations. Smith was a radical Jeffersonian republican who rejected predestination, the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, and original sin as human inventions and would be rejected from his own movement when he embraced universalism. The Presbyterian minister Barton W. Stone was the most important advocate of the Christian movement in Kentucky and Tennessee. Stone was a New Light Presbyterian who fell out with his church in 1803 because he championed revivals to the displeasure of Old Light Presbyterians. With other ministers he founded the Springfield Presbytery and published an Apology which rejected ‘human creeds and confessions’ only to redub their churches as Christian Churches or Churches of Christ. Stone’s movement coalesced with the movement founded by Alexander Campbell, the son of an Ulster Scot who emigrated to the United States after failing to effect reunion between Burgher and Anti-Burghers and founded an undenominational Christian Association. Alexander embraced baptism by immersion under Baptist influence, so that the father and son’s followers were initially known as Reformed (or Reforming) Baptists. The increasing suspicion with which Baptists regarded his movement pushed Alexander into alliance with Stone, although Campbell was uneasy about formal terms of alliance. For his part, Stone faced charges from Joseph Badger and Joseph Marsh that he had capitulated to Campbell. The Stone-Campbell movement was nonetheless successful, counting 192,000 members by the Civil War and over a million in the United States by 1900. Successful but bifurcated, for there were numerous Christian Churches which held out from joining the Stone-Campbell movement, which also suffered a north–south split in the Civil War era over political and liturgical questions. The most buoyant fraction of the movement were the Disciples of Christ or Christian Churches of the mid-west, which shared in the nationalistic and missionary fervour of the post-war era, even though it too in time would undergo splits.
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What Mean These Stones?: Lessons of Hurricane Katrina, 9/11, The Million Man March The Millions More Movement. iUniverse, Inc., 2005.
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Schünemann, Wolf J., and Marianne Kneuer, eds. E-Government und Netzpolitik im europäischen Vergleich. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845291918.
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How are e-government and Internet policy organised and developed in different countries? This comprehensively revised volume answers this question and addresses the latest developments within the amended framework of digitalisation, such as cybersecurity, data protection, open government and e-democracy, among others. With contributions by Ana Azurmendi, Christoph Bieber, Jérôme Brugger, Emiliana De Blasio, Robert Dewar, Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Marianne Fraefel, Annette Knaut, Marianne Kneuer, Stine Marg, Véronique Millim, Manuel Misgeld, Matt Poelmans, Alessia, C. Neuroni, Simon P. Rinas, Patrick Ruestchmann, Ulrich Sarcinelli, Wolf J. Schünemann, Welf Schröter, Michele Sorice, Stefan Steiger, Sebastian Stier, Sophie Valdenaire-Ratto and Maria A. Wimmer.
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Snyder, Saskia Coenen. A Brilliant Commodity. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610473.001.0001.
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Abstract During the late nineteenth century, thousands of diggers, prospectors, merchants, and dealers extracted and shipped over 50 million carats of rough diamonds from South Africa to Europe. The primary supplier to the world, South Africa’s diamond fields became one of the formative sites of modern capitalist production. At each stage of the diamond’s route through the British empire and beyond—from Cape Town to London, from Amsterdam to New York City—carbon gems were primarily traded, appraised, manufactured, and sold by Jews. A Brilliant Commodity traces how once-peripheral Jewish populations became the central architects of a new, global exchange of diamonds that connected African sites of supply, European manufacturing centers, American retailers, and Western consumers. Centuries of restrictions had limited Jews to trade and finance, businesses that relied heavily on internal networks. Jews were well positioned to become key players in the earliest stage of the diamond trade and its growth into a global industry, a development fueled by technological advancements, a dramatic rise in the demand of luxury goods, and an abundance of rough stones. Mercantile and familial ties across continents aided Jews in creating a highly successful commodity chain that included buyers, brokers, cutters, factory owners, financiers, and retailers. Working within a diasporic ethnic community that bridged city and countryside, metropole and colony, Jews helped build a flourishing diamond industry, notably Hatton Garden in London and the Diamond District of New York City, and a place for themselves in the modern world.
Book chapters on the topic "Stone milling"
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Bradbury, J. C. "Is C.C. Sabathia Worth $161 Million? Valuing Long-Run Contracts." In Hot Stove Economics, 139–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6269-0_7.
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Stoffle, Richard. "Living Stone Bridges: Epistemological Divides in Heritage Environmental Communication." In Palgrave Studies in Anthropology of Sustainability, 149–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78040-1_7.
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AbstractIndigenous people share ancient epistemological understandings of the world. These define for them what makes up the world, how forces influence these components, and why this all happens. These understandings are basic in that they frame human value orientations, call for individual and group action, and interpret natural and human events. Because epistemology involves ancient shared cultural understandings of the world, talking about the world involves cross-cultural communication, which is a special feature of anthropology. This chapter is an analysis of epistemological divides in cross-cultural communication about massive stone bridges. The divide is most clearly viewed when Native American cultural experts explain the meaning and purpose of stone bridges to Western science-trained National Park Service managers and geologists. To the former, the stone bridges are alive and were made at Creation as a place for World-balancing ceremonies and as portals to and from other dimensions. To the latter, stone bridges are inert remanent sandstone deposits that have been eroded into oxbows and undercut by small rivers over millions of years.
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Nuthall, Peter L. "Brain power: seek it if you can." In Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 155–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0014.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the knowledge and thinking of the farmers. Phil was certainly not bereft of ideas. He muses on issues of sheep psychology and behaviour and wonders if understanding the inner mental workings of his charges would help in their management. One cannot decide this without understanding issues around animal behaviour as Phil recognizes. Peter is fully of the opinion that imagination is a critical skill in many farm issues. Brad muses about the power of a brain and the need to store, literally, millions of bits of information relevant to primary production. Also, he emphasized to himself the need for complete and accurate observation both on and off the farm to obtain the current state of affairs both farmwise and market and conditions-wise.
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Yang, Zhihao, Linbing Wang, Dongwei Cao, Rongxu Li, and Hailu Yang. "Test and Evaluation for Performance of Composite Pavement Structure." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 282–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_25.
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AbstractPerpetual pavement has become an important research field of highway development in China. Reasonable selection of pavement structure and ensuring the durability of the structure are one of the necessary measures to build perpetual pavements. The inverted asphalt pavement structure can not only provide high strength and good bearing capacity of semi-rigid base, but also make use of the graded crushed stones for restraining the reflection cracks of semi-rigid base. This paper presented a study on three pavement structures are, namely, a semi-rigid asphalt pavement and two inverted asphalt pavements. The performances of the three pavement structures after one million loading repetition are obtained. Taking rutting depth, deflection and dynamic response as evaluation indexes, the feasibility of inverted asphalt pavement structure as perpetual pavement structure is evaluated. It is found that the composite asphalt pavement structure with permeable asphalt mixture of large particle size as base and cement stabilized macadam as subbase has the best performance as perpetual pavement.
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"Milling Stone." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 865. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_130528.
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Abadi-Reiss, Yael, and Steven A. Rosen. "MILLING STONES AND WASTE." In An Investigation into Early Desert Pastoralism, 111–22. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhhhfv6.12.
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"Three. Millions of Years Ago." In Stepping-Stones, 28–36. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300159066-006.
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Zukin, Sharon. "Union Square and the Paradox of Public Space." In Naked City. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382853.003.0011.
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At 6 o’clock on a weekday evening in early July, Union Square is most alive. The small, oval park at its center, three acres of green nestled between four broad streets, throbs with music and conversation, with voices rising and swelling to join the steady drone of traffic on all sides. You see children swinging under their parents’ eye in small playgrounds on the park’s northern edge; at the southern end you pick your way carefully through a swarm of a couple hundred young men and women who are milling around the wide, shallow stone steps leading up to the park’s main entrance. Tourists browse the T-shirt and art vendors’ tables while other shoppers stop at the Greenmarket on their way home, and every fifth person in the crowd is making a call or reading a text message on their cell phone. The crowd skews young, mostly under thirty-five, their faces are mainly white but also black and brown and several shades of tan, and you hear a girl ask, “Where are you? Are you in front?” in Japanese on her phone. Next to the subway entrance a lone political demonstrator uses a portable loudspeaker to make a speech against the U.S. president; nearby, under a statue of George Washington on horseback, two New York City police officers, also on horseback, interrupt their early evening patrol to chat with a park cleaner in a bright red uniform and a private security guard in navy pants and a matching cap. So many people are sitting on green wooden benches under the trees that you can hardly find two seats together. Most of the occupants are watching the parade of passersby; some are listening through earbuds to portable music players, others read a book, and one or two doze. In the fenced-in dog run, pets frisk about while their owners laugh and talk. A trio of young musicians sits on benches in the middle of the park, setting up a cello and two violins for an informal outdoor rehearsal.
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Moore, Mark W. "Flake-Making and the “Cognitive Rubicon”." In Squeezing Minds From Stones, 179–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854614.003.0009.
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Stone tools have a continuous record extending some 3.3 million years. Our hominin ancestors engaged in relatively simple stone flaking, and stone tools of extreme complexity were produced by cognitively modern humans in the Pleistocene and Holocene. For this reason, stone tools offer a tangible means for tracking the evolution of cognition in our genus. This chapter discusses a recent series of experiments controlled for modern flintknapper intent, the results suggesting that aspects of ancient tool forms sometimes viewed as deliberate can in fact be produced with no more intention than that seen in the removal of individual flakes. But the removal of individual flakes is itself a cognitively challenging task, one that places the earliest hominin flintknappers across the “cognitive Rubicon” from their primate relatives.
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Kitcher, Philip. "Introduction." In The Main Enterprise of the World, 1–20. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928971.003.0001.
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Between two and three million years ago, our forebears started to make stone tools. Around one and three-quarter million years before the present, their technology had progressed, and they began to fashion the “prehistoric Swiss Army Knife”—the hand-axe. Our hominin ancestors continued to make further improvements, and even before our own species, ...
Conference papers on the topic "Stone milling"
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Qi Fenglian and Lei Dongliang. "Characteristic element and milling force on column diamond milling cutter during the processing stone." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5535852.
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Pavlin, Majda, Barbara Horvat, and Vilma Ducman. "Pilot Production of Façade Panels: Variability of Mix Design." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.1.2023.3.
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As part of the WOOL2LOOP project, the Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), in collaboration with Termit d.d. were responsible for the production of façade panels. An initial mix design was developed at ZAG, where alkali-activated façade panels were produced, primarily from stone wool waste, while production took place at Termit. The mix design was changed twice during the pilot production, before a final product with suitable durability was developed. A compressive strength of up to 60 MPa and bending strength of approximately 20 MPa was achieved. The mechanical properties, however, varied, due to the unevenly milled batches of the milled mineral wool. Milling on a larger scale is very challenging, and it is difficult to obtain consistent quality of the milled material. Once the correct curing process had been found, however, the panels produced showed good performance. Moreover, the results from leaching tests showed that the elevated concentrations of certain elements (Cr, As and Mo) did not exceed the legal limits for non-hazardous waste.
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Yalcin, Cuneyt, Robert B. Jerard, and Barry K. Fussell. "Milling Cutter Data Structures for Use in Force Models." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84368.
Full textAbstract:
In this study we present a new general representation for describing a milling cutter and an internal data structure that systematically stores the cutting edge segment properties of the milling cutter. The intention of this effort is to enable commercial milling simulation software packages to communicate and store complicated cutter information, and thus enable them to include improved models developed in academic research. Examples with various milling cutters are given, and the versatility of the structures is demonstrated by using two different cutting force models with three different milling cutters. Force calculation time was decreased by a factor of four by using the internal data structure to store pre-calculated trigonometric functions.
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Konstantopoulos, Stasinos, and Phil Archer. "POWDER and the multi million-triple store." In the International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1999299.1999301.
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Arno, Matthew G., Janine Katanic Arno, Donald A. Halter, Robert O. Berry, and Ian S. Hamilton. "Radiological Characterization of a Copper/Cobalt Mining and Milling Site." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16322.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive copper and cobalt ore deposits can be found in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the city of Kolwezi. These deposits have been mined via open pit and underground mines since the 19th century with many changes in control of the mines including colonial industrial control and Congolese government control. With the recent re-establishment of a relatively stable democratic government in the DRC, foreign investors returned to the area to restart mining activities that were abruptly terminated in the 1990’s due to political turmoil. Some of these new projects are being performed in accordance with World Bank and International Finance Corporation Social & Environmental Sustainability standards. As part of these standards, radiological characterization of the mines, processing facilities, and surrounding environment was conducted to establish current conditions, evaluate human health and ecological risks, and provide a basis for establishment of radiation safety and environmental remediation programs. In addition to naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the copper/cobalt ore, the site was reputedly historically used to store ore from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine, the source of the uranium ore for the World War II Manhattan project. The radiological characterization was conducted via extensive gamma radiation surveys using vehicle-mounted sodium-iodide detectors, random grid composite soil sampling, biased soil sampling of areas with elevated gamma radiation levels, and sampling of surface water features. The characterization revealed broad areas of elevated gamma radiation levels of up to 160 μGy/hr in two distinct areas believed to be the Shinkolobwe uranium mine ore storage locations. Other areas, with gamma radiation levels of up to 80 μGy/hr, were detected associated with copper/cobalt ore refinery tailings and waste rock (overburden) sediments. The gamma radiation surveys revealed that elevated radiation levels were largely confined to areas previously disturbed by mechanized mining activities. Radiological contaminants in local surface water sources were within drinking water standards with the exception of one river heavily polluted with both uranium and other metals by waste streams from an ore processing and refining facility. Surrounding areas that appeared to be undisturbed by mining, including agricultural areas, native villages, and urban colonial-architecture cities, exhibited soil concentration and gamma radiation levels consistent with expected background levels.
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Millán-Millán, Pablo Manuel, and Simona Belmondo. "The stone as constant presence: vernacular structure of the cultural heritage of Porcuna (Andalusia, Spain)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15056.
Full textAbstract:
Human settlements, throughout history, have been characterised by the proximity of places of natural wealth, in order to perpetrate life and to strength their own anthropological and material culture. This is the case of Porcuna, a village in the province of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain), with more than sixty centuries of interrupted human presence. The main natural resource of the area is a deposit of sandstone used for three million years. The above-mentioned stone has been the constructive material in this territory for all the ages, marking not only its material culture but also its own social anthropology. Considering the durability of this material, it is possible to appreciate that its use has remained unvaried in spite of continuous changings concerning techniques or demands. The presentation deals with several cultural heritage buildings in Porcuna, carried out with the same local sandstone, from the Roman amphitheatre (I century b.C.) to the so-called Casa de la Piedra (XX century). Starting from this analysis, it is possible to observe that the same material has been used, over the years, in different cultural heritage buildings that have been affected by the same stone deteriorations. Basically, a single material has produced a vernacular culture conformed to different moments in the history of the village, allowing to preserve some relevant cultural heritage architectures.
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Khan, Dodo, Low Tan Jung, Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani, and Moke Kwai Cheong. "Blockchain Enabled Diabetic Patients’ Data Sharing and Real Time Monitoring." In 11th International Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications (EMSA 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120620.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Health Organization worldwide diabetes report, the number of diabetic patients has surged from 108 million in the 1980s to 422 million in 2014. According to researchers, the numbers will continue to climb in the next decades. Diabetes is a sickness that requires long-term self-care and close monitoring to be appropriately put under control. As a result, continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels has the potential to save millions of lives. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based platform that connects the patients, healthcare practitioners (HP), and caregivers for a continuous monitoring and care ofdiabetic patients. It lets the patients to securely connected to HP for the purpose of remote patient monitoring (telemedicine), whilst preserving patient data privacy using the blockchain technology. IoT sensors are used to read sugar levels and store these data in a tamper-proof immutable ledger (Hyperledger). This platform provides an End-to-End movement of the patient's data. That is, from the point where it is formed (sensors) to the point it ends up in the HP side. It gives patient a control-and-track function to maintain/track data movement. It provides a unique feature in allowing the patient to keep track of the private data and to pick who they want to share the data with and for how long (and for what reason). The platform is developed in two stages. Initially, the concept is implemented using the Hyperledger Fabric. Then, a Blockchain based on a novel Proof-of-Review (PoR) consensus model is included on to provide efficient performance and scalability in the Hyperledger fabric. Essentially, this proposed platform is to alleviate the pain points in traditional healthcare systems in the scopes of information exchange, data security, and privacy maintenance for real-time diabetic patient monitoring.
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Collyer, Robert, Hasan Ahmed, Raj Navalurkar, and Dawn Harrison. "Urban Infrastructure: Design and Preservation - Brooklyn Bridge Rehabilitation Program." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2753.
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<p>The Brooklyn Bridge is a National Historic Landmark and a New York City Landmark that has been in use for over 137 years. This is one of the most pictured bridge structures in the world, while being used as a critical and vital part of the infrastructure carrying over 105,000 vehicles per day. This paper addresses the engineering challenges/solutions related to the most current rehabilitation work being performed.</p><p>Contract 6 (2009 to 2017) represents a $650 million investment into the bridge to maintain it in a State of Good Repair. Work included deck replacement using accelerated bridge construction techniques and complete painting and steel repairs of the main span. A high-level traffic study and traffic simulations were developed to evaluate differing closure scenarios and their impacts on user costs and the traveling public.</p><p>Contract 6A (2017 to 2019) represents a $25 million investment in maintaining the historic and aesthetic integrity of the Brooklyn Bridge structures. Approximately, 30,000 SF of granite stone cladding will be replaced under this contract.</p><p>Contract 7 represents a $300 million investment that will address the rehabilitation of the historic arches on both sides of the main span and strengthening of the Towers. Construction is expected to begin in 2019.</p><p>Contract 8 represents a $250 million investment. It is in the planning phase and will address a new promenade enhancement (widening) over the Brooklyn Bridge.</p><p>This paper discusses how these engineering challenges were faced and resolved.</p>
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Broyles, Jack, Paul Dusseault, and Frank Vanden Elsen. "Design and Construction of Pipeline Integrated Oil Storage Caverns." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0408.
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In response to industry demand, Hardisty Caverns Limited Partnership (HCLP) has developed cost effective underground storage facilities with a capacity to store 480,000 m3 (3 million barrels) of crude oil. This project is unique through the integration of existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Annually, 64 million cubic meters (400 million barrels) of oil move through this hub. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s. Significant work was required to upgrade the cavern facilities and to construct new surface facilities to integrate the caverns into the crude oil transportation hub. Remote operation of the facility is performed from a control centre in Edmonton. In this paper, the key features of the design and construction of the Hardisty Cavern Storage Project will be presented. Of particular interest are the unique challenges presented due to hydraulic considerations related to cavern operation with multiple product characteristics and to provide crude oil movements exchanges between the cavern storage facilities and both low flow rate feeder pipelines and high flow rate transportation pipelines.
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Veledar, Mersiha. "Healing the City: Elemental Constructions and the Universal Language of Architecture." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.40.
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There is a bridge in the city I knew in my childhood, a bridge so breathtaking, one would not believe that within its many layers of smooth tenelia stone, there lie millions of eggshells tectonically binding what was once known as the widest arch in the world of that era. Having lived through the dissolution of the seven states that comprised the melting pot of former Yugoslavia and the 1992–1995 brutal genocide of Bosniaks in Mostar, a city of ancient bridge-keepers known as “Mostari,” I’ve directly witnessed the effects of man-made disasters as a strategic form of cultural erasure. This paper aims to critically explore my search towards ‘universality’ in the language of architecture vis-à-vis a sequence of elemental typologies as the new design objective that could challenge and begin to heal variant sites that have endured political, economic and cultural injustices across the world.
Reports on the topic "Stone milling"
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Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.
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Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.
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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Preliminary Evidence of Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004453.
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Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the worlds most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chains store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 16%. Consistent with the theoretical framework, this reduction is not driven by an increase in shop exit but by a decrease in shop entry. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. I present evidence consistent with shops surviving by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, building relationships with the community, and offering informal credit.
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.
Full textAbstract:
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Significance of Community-Held Territories in 24 Countries to Global Climate. Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ybgf2711.
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This research provides a timely reminder of the global significance of community-held lands and territories; their importance for the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of tropical forestlands across the world; and the critical gaps in the international development architecture that have so far undermined progress towards the legal recognition of such lands and territories. Our findings indicate that Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendant Peoples, and local communities customarily hold and use at least 958 million hectares (mha) of land in the 24 reviewed countries but have legally recognized rights to less than half of this area (447 mha). Their lands are estimated to store at least 253.5 Gigatons of Carbon (GtC), playing a vital role in the maintenance of globally significant greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. However, the majority of this carbon (52 percent, or 130.6 GtC) is stored in community-held lands and territories that have yet to be legally recognized.
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Salvaging Wood from Fallen Trees after Hurricanes Irma and Maria. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6943414.ch.
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The USDA Caribbean Climate Hub and the State and Private Forestry Program of the International
Institute of Tropical Forestry of the US Forest Service, held a workshop on November 21, 2017 where
more than 80 people gathered to identify the opportunities and resources necessary to take advantage
of the wood from fallen trees in Puerto Rico after hurricanes Irma and Maria. Due to the economic and
cultural value of tropical timber species, economic activities can be created from the available posthurricane plant waste. Millions of fallen trees and branches can be processed to produce compost,
mulch, coal and biofuels, or raw material for artisans and construction. There is also economic value in
the handling of wood materials, the sale of tools and equipment for transporting and processing, and
the sale of valuable wood products. In addition, many wood products store carbon indefinitely,
mitigating the increase of CO² in the atmosphere. The main need identified during the discussion was
the need to act quickly to avoid the burning and disposal of wood materials in landfills across the
country.