Journal articles: 'Stone implements'

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Meston, A. L. "Tasmanian Stone Implements." Mankind 2, no. 4 (February 10, 2009): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1937.tb00940.x.

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Turner, Robert. "Notes on Stone Implements." Mankind 1, no. 9 (February 10, 2009): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1934.tb00075.x.

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McK. Clough, T. H., and A. R. Woolley. "Petrography and stone implements." World Archaeology 17, no. 1 (June 1985): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1985.9979952.

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Campbell, T. D. "The Stone Implements of Australia." Mankind 3, no. 11 (February 10, 2009): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1947.tb00136.x.

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Radomskyi, Ivan, and Оlena Yakubenko. "Stone Implements from Ozaryntsi Settlement." Archaeology, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2016.01.097.

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Cooper, Barry J. "The limits of heritage stone designation." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (September 21, 2018): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486.2.

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AbstractHeritage stone was initially considered in terms of building stone; however, the use of natural stone extends much more widely into utilitarian applications, implements by prehistoric humans as well as decorative stones and gemstones. Nevertheless, there are limits to heritage stone designation where it may seem that recognition of a Global Heritage Stone Resource is inappropriate despite some favourable aspects.

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Chondrou, D., S. M. Valamoti, H. Procopiou, and L. Papadopoulou. "Grinding cereals and pulses in the Neolithic site of Kleitos: an experimental investigation of microconglomerate grinding equipment, final products and use wear." Journal of Greek Archaeology 3 (January 1, 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v3i.521.

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Stone grinding tools (i.e. querns or grinding stones / millstones / metates and handstones or grinders / upper milling stones / manos) constitute an important part of the material culture recovered in prehistoric excavations. These implements, as well as the technological category in which they are traditionally attributed, known by the generic term ‘ground stone tools’, and by the more recently proposed term ‘macrolithic tools’, received the interest they deserve not long ago, through specialized studies.

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Péntek, Attila, and János Gyarmati. "Agricultural stone implements from the Paria Basin (Oruro Department, Bolivia)." Archeometriai Műhely 19, no. 3 (2022): 233–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55023/issn.1786-271x.2022-017.

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During the field research initiated by the Paria Archaeological Project (PAP) in 2004 in the area of the Paria Basin (Oruro Dept., Bolivia), and then during the excavation in the municipality of Paria, several agricultural stone tools were discovered. Their raw material is partly volcanic rock and partly sandstone. The stone tools have not yet been described in more detail. In the present article, from the whole set of artefacts 22 stone tools classified into different archaeological periods will be presented. As the area of the Paria Basin itself is less researched and there are relatively few publications on the topic, the amount of information gathered during the processing of the finds will also be outlined. The review also includes a brief discussion of the potential geological sources of raw materials for stone tools.

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Yamamoto, Kaoru. "Space-time analysis of raw material utilization for stone implements of the Jomon culture in Japan." Antiquity 64, no. 245 (December 1990): 868–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0007900x.

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Introduction The materials from which tools are made reflect the intention of tool makers concerning function, use, size and shape of the tools. Even the materials of stone implements in prehistoric times must have reflected the intention of tool makers. Inada (1969: 4) pointed out that the technology of making tools reflects the interacting elements of materials and retouchments. It is a fundamental premise of this paper that understanding patterns of raw material utilization for stone implements is a key to the solution of questions concerning cultural tradition, cultural behaviour, culture areas and trade in the stone age.

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Binneman, Johan, and J. C. Van Niekerk. "Polished Stone Implements from the Barberton District, Eastern Transvaal." South African Archaeological Bulletin 41, no. 144 (December 1986): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3888194.

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Shoemaker, Anna, and Matthew I. J. Davies. "Grinding-stone implements in the eastern African Pastoral Neolithic." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 54, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2019.1619284.

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Bostwick, Todd W., and James H. Burton. "A Study in Sourcing Hohokam Basalt Ground Stone Implements." KIVA 58, no. 3 (January 1993): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00231940.1993.11758215.

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Bendő, Zsolt, György Szakmány, Zsolt Kasztovszky, Katalin T. Biró, István Oláh, Anett Osztás, Ildikó Harsányi, and Veronika Szilágyi. "High pressure metaophiolite polished stone implements found in Hungary." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 28, 2018): 1643–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0618-6.

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Vybornov, Aleksandr, and Natalya Doga. "The Site of Kombak-te (Northern Caspian): Some New Data." Oriental Studies 17, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-110-122.

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Introduction. The article examines stone artifacts from a Northern Caspian Eneolithic site of the Khvalynsk culture. Stone tool industries also serve to characterize Early Metal Age cultures. Goals. The work seeks to determine the cultural affiliation of stone implements from the site of Kombak-te. To facilitate this, the paper shall analyze a variety of such stone implements and their groups. Materials and methods. The publication focuses on finds from the third major Khvalynsk site of Kombak-te. The latter was investigated in 1989 but only some pottery data were published. The article is the first to introduce into scientific circulation and analyze stone artifacts excavated on the site. The study employs the typological and radiocarbon dating methods. Results. Our preliminary typological analysis of pottery yielded a number of cultural/chronological groups, which made it possible to classify the stone artifacts in greater detail. The technical and typological features serve a basis for distinguishing between items representing the Caspian and Khvalynsk cultures. The identified differences are manifested in the involved source materials (quartzite and flint), blank manufacturing techniques, categories and types of the implements. Conclusions. The comprehensive insights attest to the stone artifacts of Kombak-te come from different cultures and eras. So, Khvalynsk-type items are paralleled by some of the Caspian culture. The paper identifies some characteristic and specific properties of source materials, primary splitting and subsequent processing techniques, describes various tools. The available radiocarbon determinations confirm those of the Caspian culture are more ancient.

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Leahy, Kevin. "A Dated Stone Axe-hammer from Cleethorpes, South Humberside." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 52 (1986): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006629.

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The discovery of a Group XVIII stone axe-hammer with the remains of its wooden haft in the peat deposit associated with the submerged forest at Cleethorpes, South Humberside provided an opportunity to obtain an accurate dating for one of these implements. Radiocarbon dating showed that implement had been in use around 1400bcbut had apparently become incorporated in an earlier peat deposit. Previous work on the dating of axe-hammers is reviewed and their possible function is discussed.

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Knowles, W. J. "Prehistoric Stone Implements From the River Bann and Lough Neagh." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 122, no. 1 (2022): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2022.0000.

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Radomskyi, Ivan. "Spatial organization of the stone implements from Trypillian settlement Ozheve-ostriv." VITA ANTIQUA, no. 9 (2017): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37098/va-2017-9-194-205.

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Glover, I. C. "Stone Implements from Millstream Station, Western Australia: Newall's Collection Re-analysed." Mankind 6, no. 9 (May 10, 2010): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1967.tb01028.x.

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van Heteren, Anneke H., and John de Vos. "Stone implements from Java and Flores: A history of the discoveries." Comptes Rendus Palevol 11, no. 2-3 (March 2012): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2011.07.006.

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Kereskényi, Erika, György Szakmány, Béla Fehér, Ildikó Harsányi, Veronika Szilágyi, Zsolt Kasztovszky, and Tivadar M. Tóth. "Archaeometrical results related to Neolithic amphibolite stone implements from Northeast Hungary." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 32 (August 2020): 102437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102437.

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Schlanger, Nathan. "Coins to Flint: John Evans and the Numismatic Moment in the History of Archaeology." European Journal of Archaeology 14, no. 3 (2011): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146195711798356728.

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John Evans was a key actor in the establishment of high human antiquity in 1859, and his pioneering role in launching the study of ancient stone implements is still celebrated today. However, scholars have overlooked the fact that Evans actually forged this contribution by shifting practices and preoccupations from coins to flint, from one well-established antiquarian domain in which he excelled, to another, new and as yet untested, domain. While providing relevant information on Evans' numismatics, this article shows how these transfers bear successively on the documentation of stone implements (terminology, descriptions, illustrations), their authentication (with regards to frauds and experimentation) and indeed their interpretation (the identification and explanation of their formal variability). Besides serving as an instructive historical case in ‘trans-disciplinarity’, the recognition of this initial numismatic imprint on the study of stone tools also has several consequences for current practices and interpretations in Palaeolithic archaeology.

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Walshe, K. "Investigator Group Expedition 2006: Two Stone Implements From Flinders Island, South Australia." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132, no. 2 (January 2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2008.10887093.

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Hedges, J. W. "Bronze Age Structures at Tougs, Burra Isle, Shetland." Glasgow Archaeological Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1986.13.13.1.

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Summary The 1977 excavation in Shetland of typical examples of an oval stone house, burnt mound, and field system, is reported on. The findings, including the dates — have implications for the elucidation of Shetland's prehistory, and are discussed. The assemblages of crude stone implements and quartz were specially collected and studied and the conclusions are innovatory. The survey of Burra Isle published in GAJ 11 (Hedges 1984) was complementary to the excavation.

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Gorodetskaya, Susanna Pavlovna. "Stone implement from the early Neolithic layers in Rakushechny Yar (on the example of the researches of 2016-2017)." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873204.

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The article shows the analysis of the collection of the stone artifacts obtained as a result of excavations of the early Neolithic layers of the site Rakushechny Yar. The collection of the stone tools makes it possible to get an idea about the flaking technology, oriented to obtaining blades. However, the absence of the products of debitage on the site indicates that flaking and tool production were realized outside the site. For secondary modification inhabitants of the site used such techniques as retouching and polishing. The tools assemblage was represented mainly by points that were used as drills, end-scrapers and polished axes, which indicates the specific economic activities of the inhabitants of the site, associated with the woodworking. The stone implement of the site has analogies not only in the Neolithic sites of the region, but also in the Neolithic stone implements of the sites of the Lower Volga and Northern Caspian Regions. Taking into account that the investigated part of the site was a coastal zone at one time, as well as the presence of a large number of fish bones in the lower layers, it can be assumed that the use of the above categories of tools was somehow connected with fishing. This assumption can be confirmed by microwear analysis of the stone tools.

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Dierckx, H. M., and B. Tsikouras. "Pétrographie characterization of rocks from the Mirabello bay region, Crete, and its application to Minoan archaeology: the provenance of stone implements from Minoan sites." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17123.

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The Minoans of East Crete used a variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks as stone implements. These were probably procured in dry riverbeds and beaches located in a region along the Bay of Mirabello or from an onlap conglomerate, which geologically dominates that region and contains rock types of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary origin. Several rock samples were collected for pétrographie investigation to examine and confirm the source for the igneous rocks. Detailed pétrographie description of natural samples provides the identification of the rocks employed by Minoans and confirms the source of their origin. Apparently the Minoans were able to evaluate the hardness of the stones procured according to the desirable usage and their expected fatigue, thus avoiding unnecessary timeconsuming treatment. The identification of the variable lithotypes used for these implements and the verification of their source regions reveal the time it took to procure the raw materials as well as the time period during which the rocks were employed.

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Hayredinova, El'zara. "Stone-Mining and Stone-Working in the Mediaeval Town atop of the Plateau of Eski-Kermen." Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria, no. XXVIII (December 26, 2023): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2023.28.305-322.

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Archaeological researches at the plateau of Eski-Kermen has recorded the traces of large-scale construction works carried out when the castle was built in the late sixth century and later, in the tenth and eleventh centuries, when several homesteads in the town quarters were demolished and small aisleless churches were erected at their places. The urban building was directly connected with stone-mining and stone-working. The most noticeable traces of ashlar-mining on the plateau appear in the sites between the three marches of the ascension road to the main gate of the town, which is carved into the bedrock of the south-western slope of the table mountain. The traces of work on the ashlars from the ruined buildings suggest the use of a pick, adze, simple and toothed chisel by local stonemasons. Mediaeval stonemasons also put special cross-shaped marks on the stones to indicate the batch of building materials prepared for the church construction. The living conditions in the castle and, later, in the town at the rocky plateau forced the local inhabitants to learn the skills of stone-working, as the mining and working of stone was in permanent need for the building and reconstruction of economic rooms, artificial caves, carving of graves, and making of household implements, such as the lids for pythoi and water-trough for livestock. Centuries-long life on the rocks probably developed a guild of professional stonemasons, or λάτομοι, in the town, who mined and dressed stone and passed on their skills from generation to generation. More complex work with stone, such as the making of architectural details and carving of decorations, wee plausibly done in specialised workshops (έργαλεΐον τους πελεκάνους) located outside the town, most likely near the quarries. The identification of the sites of these workshops in the south-western Crimea is a subject for the future research.

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Xie, Liye, Steven L. Kuhn, Guoping Sun, John W. Olsen, Yunfei Zheng, Pin Ding, and Ye Zhao. "Labor Costs for Prehistoric Earthwork Construction: Experimental and Archaeological Insights from the Lower Yangzi Basin, China." American Antiquity 80, no. 1 (January 2015): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.67.

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AbstractThis paper examines choices of earth-working tools made by Neolithic Chinese populations. In the Hemudu Culture (7000–5000 B.P.), bone (scapula) digging tools were used from the earliest times, whereas peoples in surrounding areas used stone spades. A range of experiments on manufacturing costs, durability, and use efficiency under realistic conditions show that bone and stone spades are functionally equivalent when soils are soft, but that stone implements provide significant and easily perceived advantages when working harder soils. The persistence of scapular spades in the Hemudu Culture would have constrained decisions about undertaking large construction projects under normal soil conditions. Our results show that, in addition to generalized labor for construction, labor demands for producing earth-working implements for large-scale prehistoric earthworks could have also been substantial. These findings not only help explain the processes of intensifying rice-agriculture and sedentary settlements in the Lower Yangzi Basin, but also create a solid foundation for further investigation of how the recruitment of both generalized and specialized laborers, the organization of craft production, and the relevant logistics for large-scale earthworks may have paralleled concentrations of political power in prehistory.

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Hiscock, Peter. "Transformations of Upper Palaeolithic implements in the Dabba industry from Haua Fteah (Libya)." Antiquity 70, no. 269 (September 1996): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00083794.

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Different models of stone-working technology in the Upper Palaeolithic are tested by examining an assemblage from Haua Fteah, on the Libyan coast of north Africa. Evidence that some scrapers have been reworked into burins, while some burins were modified to form scrapers, show how this typically Upper Palaeolithic industry contains morphological transformations between types. This evidence is consistent with a technological continuity from the Middle Palaeolithic.

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Skochina, S. N. "Stone tools of the Neolithic settlement of Mergen 8." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(59) (December 15, 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-59-4-1.

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In this paper, stone tools of the Neolithic settlement of Mergen 8, located in the forest-steppe zone of Wes-tern Siberia in the Lower Ishim river basin, are analyzed. The mixed cultural layer of the settlement contained materials from two periods of its inhabitation, associated with the Boborykino Culture of the early Neolithic period and with the pottery ornamented with comb stamp of the late Neolithic period. The identification of the two chrono-logically different types of pottery raised the question of possibility of separating the stone implements. The aim of this work is to attempt differentiation from the mixed cultural layer of the groups of stone tools associated with a certain cultural and chronological section of the settlement. The peculiarity of the cultural layer of the Mergen 8 settle-ment was the presence of the dwelling 1 and some pits unimpaired by the upper horizons. In the methodological aspect of this work, stratigraphic and planigraphic analyzes with the aid of the feedstock characteristics of stone formed the basis, on which a relatively clean complex of quartz sandstone and flint was isolated, associated with the filling of the dwelling 1, in which pottery of the Boborykino Culture was found. The differentiation of the stone tools from the mixed layer was based upon the raw material that was found in the bottom part of the dwelling’s ditch, undisturbed by other layers. The complex of the stone tools made of jasper quartzite and schist, established during the field fixation, is associated with the comb-type pottery. Thus, in the course of our study, out of 417 finds of the stone tools 276 (66 % of the entire complex) were assigned to the Boborykino complex, 50 (12 %) to the comb complex, and 91 finds (22 %) were not possible to attribute to any type of pottery. Bearing in mind that separation by feedstock has a cer-tain degree of conventionality, it should be noted that the stone taken from the undisturbed near-bottom part of the Boborykino dwelling 1 reflects the most plausible nature of the stone industry of this period of inhabitation. In addi-tion, in our opinion, attempts to link stone implements and their features with a certain type of pottery facilitate the formation of a clear concept of the development of the stone industry in the region in the Neolithic.

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YAMAMOTO, Kaoru. "Raw material utilization for stone implements in the Middle Jomon period of Japan." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 98, no. 7 (1989): 911–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.98.7_911.

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Serikov, Yu B. "STONE IMPLEMENTS AND MINERAL ROW OF GARINSKAIA PALEOLITHIC SITE ON THE SOSVA RIVER." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(44) (2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2019-1-5-19.

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Allen, Harry. "A Re-Examination of the Usefulness of Edge Analysis for Classifying Stone Implements." Australian Archaeology 20, no. 1 (June 1, 1985): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1985.12092981.

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Stapert, Dick, and Lykke Johansen. "Flint and pyrite: making fire in the Stone Age." Antiquity 73, no. 282 (December 1999): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065510.

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Flint implements with rounded ends, excavated at several Upper Palaeolithic sites in Denmark and Holland, are interpreted as strike-a-lights used in combination with pyrites. Experimental flints employed in this way show use-wear traces similar to those on the prehistoric specimens. It is suggested that the pyrite technique for fire production pre-dates wood-on-wood techniques, at least in Europe and in Greenland.

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Feinman, Gary M., Linda M. Nicholas, and Helen R. Haines. "Socioeconomic Inequality and the Consumption of Chipped Stone at El Palmillo, Oaxaca, Mexico." Latin American Antiquity 17, no. 2 (June 2006): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25063045.

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AbstractIn prehispanic Mesoamerica, basic utilitarian artifacts, such as non-obsidian chipped stone tools, have rarely been considered outside the realms of technology or the economics of manufacture and circulation. Yet in recent excavations of residential terraces at the Classic period hilltop settlement of El Palmillo, Oaxaca, we have noted spatial patterning in the distribution of chipped stone tools that parallels variation previously observed in a range of nonlocal goods including obsidian, marine shell, and greenstone. Compared to the inhabitants of terraces situated near the base of the site, the apparently higher-status residents of households residing closer to the hill’s apex not only were associated with a somewhat different assemblage of stone tools and debris, but their chipped stone implements tended to be made on better-quality raw materials. As a consequence, chipped stone assemblages can serve as an additional axis of variation for examining status distinctions in the Classic period Valley of Oaxaca, and potentially elsewhere in Mesoamerica.

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Giustetto, Roberto, Giacomo Chiari, and Roberto Compagnoni. "An easy non-invasive X-ray diffraction method to determine the composition of Na-pyroxenes from high-density `greenstone' implements." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, no. 1 (December 21, 2007): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307062691.

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A large number of polished stone implements from Palaeolithic to Bronze Age sites of Northern Italy and Southern France are made of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks (eclogite and related rocks), mainly consisting of Na-pyroxene (jadeite to omphacite) from the metamorphic belt of the Western Alps. The standard archaeometric study of prehistoric stone implements follows a procedure that is invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Since Na-pyroxenes may show a large compositional range, a thorough study of the variations affecting thedhklvalues, obtained by X-ray diffraction, of three selected reflections as a function of different chemical composition was carried out, in order to determine the chemistry of Na-pyroxene isomorphic mixtures and roughly evaluate their relative amounts. These reflections (\bar221, 310, 002) are sharp, intense and sensitive to the variation of pyroxene chemical composition. Using suchdhklvalues measured on pyroxenes of known chemistry, a Ca-pyroxene(Di)–jadeite(Jd)–aegirine(Ae) compositional diagram was constructed, from which the composition of an unknown pyroxene can be estimated within an error of about 5%. When the size of the object is relatively small and a flat polished surface is present, the proposed analytical procedure becomes totally non-invasive. The data obtained shed light on the provenance sources of such implements and the prehistoric trade routes.

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KUCHITSU, Nobuaki. "Weathering of stone Implements Excavated from Sunadadai Site, Kanagawa Prefecture. Taphonomy for Archaeological Properties." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 30, no. 1 (1991): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.30.43.

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Adam, Leonhard. "Some Uncommon Perforated Stone Implements from the Morobe and Mt. Hagen Areas, New Guinea." Mankind 3, no. 12 (February 10, 2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1947.tb00138.x.

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Gresser, Percy E. "New Distributional Records of Stone Implements in New South Wales and Queensland Part 1." Mankind 5, no. 12 (February 10, 2009): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1962.tb00286.x.

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Gresser, Percy J. "New Distributional Records of Stone Implements in New South Wales and Queensland. Part 3." Mankind 6, no. 2 (February 10, 2009): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1963.tb00344.x.

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Gresser, Percy J. "New Distributional Records of Stone Implements in New South Wales and Queensland. Part 2." Mankind 6, no. 1 (May 10, 2010): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1963.tb01432.x.

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Gresser, Percy J. "New Distributional Records of Stone Implements in New South Wales and Queensland. Part 4." Mankind 6, no. 3 (May 10, 2010): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1964.tb01363.x.

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Xu, Zhaofeng, Jingtang Cheng, and Shengying Fan. "Research on the Stone Implements in Shape of Weapon found in the Liaodong Peninsula." Journal of Society for Korean Bronze Culture 16 (April 30, 2015): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15397/jkbc.2015.16.32.

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Assaf, Ella, Javier Baena Preysler, and Emiliano Bruner. "Lower Paleolithic Shaped Stone Balls—What Is Next? Some Cultural–Cognitive Questions." Quaternary 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat6040051.

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Shaped stone balls (SSBs) were an integral part of human culture across the Old World for nearly 2 million years. They are one of the oldest implements made and used by humans. In this significant era, which was characterised by biological and cultural transformations, these round implements were a stable hallmark throughout the Lower Paleolithic period and beyond. However, while much research progress has been made in other stone tool categories, and despite the increased research efforts in recent years, attempts to define SSB function and typology have remained inconclusive, and broader cultural and cognitive aspects related to their production techniques, use and dispersal have yet to be explored in depth. What is the significance of their continuous presence and wide geographical distribution? What do these imply regarding the cognitive abilities of Oldowan and Acheulian humans? In this paper, we turn the spotlight on these enigmatic items. We address unresolved issues and explore the ergonomic and perceptual properties stimulated by the geometry of these items. We show that stone ball variability matches (modern) human hand palm variability. Moreover, when using SSBs in percussion activities, they are handled with the entire palm. Following, we discuss the role of SSBs in the context of socio-cultural processes. We suggest that SSBs reflect some of the earliest evidence in human history of a specific form that was conceptualised and recurrently acted upon.

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Zhao, Jinchao. "Generating Sacred Space beyond Architecture: Stacked Stone Pagodas in Sixth-Century Northern China." Religions 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090730.

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A large number of stone blocks, stacked up in diminishing size to form pagodas, was discovered in northern China, primarily eastern Gansu and southeastern Shanxi. Their stylistic traits and inscriptions indicate the popularity of the practice of making stacked pagodas in the Northern dynasties (circa the fifth and sixth centuries CE). They display a variety of Buddhist imagery on surface, which is in contrast with the simplification of the structural elements. This contrast raises questions about how stone pagodas of the time were understood and how they related to contemporaneous pagoda buildings. This essay examines these stacked pagodas against the broader historical and artistic milieu, especially the practice of dedicating Buddhist stone implements, explores the way the stacked pagodas were made, displayed, and venerated, and discusses their religious significance generated beyond their structural resemblance to real buildings.

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Boëda, Eric, Stéphanie Bonilauri, Jacques Connan, Dan Jarvie, Norbert Mercier, Mark Tobey, Hélène Valladas, Heba al Sakhel, and Sultan Muhesen. "Middle Palaeolithic bitumen use at Umm el Tlel around 70 000 BP." Antiquity 82, no. 318 (December 1, 2008): 853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00097623.

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AbstractThe authors identify natural bitumen on stone implements dating to 70 000 BP. It is proposed that this represents residue from hafting, taking the practice back a further 30 000 years from the date previously noted and published in Nature. The bitumen was tracked to a source 40km away, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes.

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Kirkinen, Tuija, Tytti Juhola, Olli Eranti, Teemu Väisänen, Johanna Seppä, and Vesa Laulumaa. "Combining Residue and Macroscopic Use-wear Analysis of Quartz Objects in Kraakanmäki 3 Late Neolithic Settlement Site, Western Finland." Fennoscandia Archaeologica, no. XL (October 19, 2023): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61258/fa.130079.

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Microscopic remains of plants, hairs, blood, bone, and sinew have been detected on Stone Age implements as evidence of the ways the tools were used. Together with use-wear analysis, microresidues enable us to obtain additional information of artefact biographies. However, the preservation of residues is not a straightforward issue. Although bones, plant matter, and wood have a tendency to decompose rapidly in acidic podzol soils, the acidity favours the preservation of keratinous tissues such as hairs and feathers. Because the analysis of microresidues has not been applied on Finnish quartz artefacts, this paper presents a preliminary testing of the method in a Late Stone Age settlement site in Kraakanmäki 3, western Finland. As a result, we found microscopic remains of hairs, feathers, and plants, which enable us to speak for the careful handling of quartz and stone tools at the excavations for further analyses.

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Artukhova, Olga Anatoljevna, Talgat Basarbaevich Mamirov, and Yerlan Yersainovich Klyshev. "Mesolithic monument Novaya Kazanka 1 in the Northern Caspian region (materials of 2005)." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763202.

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This paper provides information about exploring of the Stone Age at the site Novaya Kazanka 1 in sand dunes on the western shore of Lake Soraidyn by employees of Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. They worked on the monument in 2003 and 2005. 8 accumulations of stone artifacts were allocated on the monument. The pits laid at the site showed the absence of the buried cultural layer. Stone artifacts were made mainly of two types of raw materials - siliceous rock and quartzite sandstone. The typological description of the stone collection of accumulations at the Novaya Kazanka 1 site indicates their chronological diversity ranging from purely Mesolithic complexes to mixed Meso-Neolithic ones. The technique of primary splitting is represented by unit nuclei and fragments of small dimensions. The tools are represented by scrapers, mostly end-plates on fragments of plates, lamellar flakes, plates and fragments of retouched plates, geometric microliths (segments, trapeziums, and triangles) and others. The stone inventory of the accumulations at the Novaya Kazanka 1 site does not contradict the conclusions about the correlation of the monuments near Lake Soraidyn with the monuments of the Istai group of the Seroglazov culture, which is expressed both in raw materials preferences and in the technique of primary splitting, as well as in the collection of stone implements.

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Field, JH, GR Summerhayes, S. Luu, ACF Coster, A. Ford, H. Mandui, R. Fullagar, et al. "Functional studies of flaked and ground stone artefacts reveal starchy tree nut and root exploitation in mid-Holocene highland New Guinea." Holocene 30, no. 9 (May 12, 2020): 1360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620919983.

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Ground stone technology for processing starchy plant foods has its origins in the late Pleistocene, with subsequent intensification and transformation of this technology coinciding with the global emergence of agriculture in the early Holocene. On the island of New Guinea, agriculture first emerges in the highland Wahgi Valley, potentially from c. 9 kya, and clearly evident by 6.5 kya. Approximately 400 km further east in the highland Ivane Valley, long-term occupation sequences span the Holocene and late Pleistocene, but there is currently no direct evidence for wetland agriculture. Here, we report rare evidence for ground stone implements from a secure mid-Holocene archaeological context in the Ivane Valley. The Joe’s Garden site has flaked and ground stone artefacts with significant starch assemblages dating to approximately 4.4 kya. We present the first empirical evidence for the function of stone bowls from a New Guinea highland setting. Usewear and residues indicate the grinding and pounding of endemic starch-rich plant foods. Geometric morphometric analysis of starch grains shows that at least two taxa were processed: Castanopsis acuminatissima (nut) and Pueraria lobata (tuber). This regional example adds to our understanding of the trajectories of diverse plant food exploitation and ground stone technology development witnessed globally in the Holocene.

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Goodrum, Matthew R. "Recovering the Vestiges of Primeval Europe: Archaeology and the Significance of Stone Implements, 1750–1800." Journal of the History of Ideas 72, no. 1 (January 2011): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2011.a413474.

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GOODRUM, MATTHEW R. "The meaning of ceraunia: archaeology, natural history and the interpretation of prehistoric stone artefacts in the eighteenth century." British Journal for the History of Science 35, no. 3 (September 2002): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087402004776.

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Historians of archaeology have noted that prehistoric stone artefacts were first identified as such during the seventeenth century, and a great deal has been written about the formulation of the idea of a Stone Age in the nineteenth century. Much less attention has been devoted to the study of prehistoric artefacts during the eighteenth century. Yet it was during this time that researchers first began systematically to collect, classify and interpret the cultural and historical meaning of these objects as archaeological specimens rather than geological specimens. These investigations were conducted within the broader context of eighteenth-century antiquarianism and natural history. As a result, they offer an opportunity to trace the interrelationships that existed between the natural sciences and the science of prehistoric archaeology, which demonstrates that geological theories of the history of the earth, ethnographic observations of ‘savage peoples’ and natural history museums all played important roles in the interpretation of prehistoric stone implements during the eighteenth century.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Stone implements'

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