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Saenko, V. S., A. Z. Vinarov, Yu L. Demidko, R. V. Puchenkin, and P. V. Glybochko. "Prevalence of kidney stone types among the adult population of the Russian Federation and CIS countries." Russian Medical Inquiry 7, no. 4 (2023): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-4-202-211.
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Background: the study on the prevalence of kidney stone types in various territories of the country and the world is of great importance, mainly in predicting the burden on the healthcare system in general and the urological community in particular. Besides, in terms of calculating the probability of the disease relapse even during effectively conducted metaphylactic therapy. Aim: to assess the prevalence of kidney stone types among the adult population in various regions of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and the kidney stone composition depending on age and gender. Patients and Methods: data on the kidney stone composition are presented by INVITRO in an anonymized form for the period 2018–2021. The article presents the analysis of stone samples obtained from patients of 12 regions: Moscow (n=2623), Belarus (n=324), Kazakhstan (n=87), Republic of Crimea (n=59), and Far Eastern (FE) (n=214), Volga (n=398), North Caucasus (n=109), North-Western (n=385), Siberian (n=740), Ural (n=891), Central (n=566), Southern (n=371) Federal Regions. The analysis of the stones was conducted by infrared spectrometry or X-ray diffraction. Results: the prevalence of kidney stones from more than one component in the adult population of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Belarus was assessed. 6787 kidney stones were examined in both genders. One-component stones were detected in 448 (6.6%) people, two-component stones — in 4005 (59%), multicomponent stones — in 2334 (34.4%). The most common mineral of the one-component stone is calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). In the structure of one-component stones, stones from COM and uric acid/uric acid dihydrate were statistically significantly more common among male patients, while struvite stones were found among female patients. When assessing the distribution of one-component stones in accordance with age and gender, there was a significant increase in the number of COM stones in both male and female patients aged from 26 to 70 years. Among two-component stones, the most common combination of minerals is COM + calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) in all age groups. Adding that, it is statistically significant among male patients vs. female patients — 67.4% vs. 32.6% (p<0.001). The most common combination of minerals in multicomponent stones is the combination of COM + COD + carbonate-apatite, which was found in all age groups with the highest rates among male patients aged 31–50 years, among female patients aged 31–40 years, and in stable rates at the age of 41–60 years. Stones from COM + COD + struvite was most commonly determined at the age of 31–60 years. Conclusion: the revealed occurrence patterns of various stone types, depending on the place of residence, gender and age, should be taken into account when choosing an adequate metaphylactic treatment tactics. KEYWORDS: urolithiasis, metaphylaxis, calcium oxalate monohydrate, citraturia, phytotherapy. FOR CITATION: Saenko V.S., Vinarov A.Z., Demidko Yu.L. et al. Prevalence of kidney stone types among the adult population of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(4):202–211 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-4-202-211.
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Rudin, Yu E., D. S. Merinov, A. B. Vardak, and L. D. Arustamov. "Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in children of the young age." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2021-14-1-144-150.
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Introduction. Urolithiasis remains one of the most common diseases in the pediatric urology practice. A special category is made up of children weighing up to 15 kg with large and coral-like kidney stones, which require a smaller instrument to remove. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, used for urolithiasis treatment in children aged 1 to 3 years. Materials and methods. Between 2008 and 2019 in the pediatric uroandrology department of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 93 children aged 1 to 3 years (69 (74.2%) boys and 24 (25.8%) girls) had nephrolithotripsy. The average patients age was 1 year and 9 months. Fifty-one (54.8%) patients had coral-like kidney stones, while the remaining 42 (45.2%) had kidney pelvic stones. The average stone size was 25.8mm. (15 – 56 mm). Nephrolithotripsy was performed according to the standard technique, all patients underwent cystoscopy and ureteral catheterization. In the prone position, under ultrasound and X-ray guidance, a puncture of the renal collecting system was performed. In 59 cases (63.5.1%) the puncture was performed through the lower calyx, in 31 cases (33.3%) – through the middle one, and in nine children two approaches were performed. In 93 children the intervention was performed using a mini-nephroscope with tubes of 12, 15 and 16.5 Ch. To disintegrate the stone, a pneumatic lithotripter and a holmium laser "Auriga" with a fiber of 365 and 600 μm in diameter were used. Only in 31 cases, when the kidney size allowed, a standard 24 Ch nephroscope and combined lithotripsy (ultrasound and pneumatic) were used. The duration of the procedure varied from 32 to 145 minutes, with an average of 43.5 minutes. In the postoperative period, all patients underwent infusion and antibiotic therapy based on the results of urine bacteriological examination. After the patients’ activation on days 1 – 3, a survey urography and antegrade pyeloureterography were performed. In the absence of residual stones and urinary passage disorders, nephrostomy drainage was removed. Results. The effectiveness of nephrolithotripsy in our cohort of patients was 87.1% (81 patients). Four children (4.3%) required second percutaneous intervention. The remaining 8 (8.6%) patients with residual stones underwent distance lithotripsy in the short postoperative period. Significant bleeding occurred in 2 patients who then required transfusion of blood products. Fever was noted in 5 (5.4%) patients. We have not observed a single case of septic and bacteriotoxic shock. Discussion. As a first-line surgical treatment in pediatric practice, it is recommended to use extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This treatment is ideal for stones ≤ 15 mm in size, with SFR of 68-95%. However, the need for repeated ESWL sessions occurs in 14-54% cases. Complications rate, frequency of retreatment, as well as a decrease in SFR, increase when a stone size is greater than 1.5 cm. Since all types of surgical treatment in children require anesthesia, and the treatment approach may not provide a complete problem solution, it is preferable to choose a procedure with the greatest possible success in one session. Primary SFR was significantly lower in children with stones ≥ 30 mm in size and multiple kidney stones. Mini– percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an effective (87.1%) method for nephrolithiasis treatment in children aged 1 to 3 years. Conclusion. Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in children aged 1 to 3 years is an effective treatment for nephrolithiasis. However, in a small percentage of cases, it becomes necessary to combine the procedure with extracorporeal lithotripsy. Paying attention to the small size of the organ, to reduce the number of hemorrhagic complications, it is preferable to perform this intervention with one approach. The occurrence of even a small amount of bleeding during the operation is a formidable complication, given the small volume of circulating blood in children.
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ZUBOVA, ALISA V., ALEXANDER D. STEPANOV, and YAROSLAV V. KUZMIN. "Comparative analysis of a Stone Age human tooth fragment from Khaiyrgas Cave on the Middle Lena (Yakutia, Russian Federation)." Anthropological Science 124, no. 2 (2016): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.160529.
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Junker, A. I., M. A. Firsov, A. E. Gerzen, P. A. Simonov, E. A. Bezrukov, and N. V. Litvinyuk. "Intraoperative use of CT-navigation during percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy with the SIEMENS Healthineers’ ARTIS pheno robotic system." Urology Herald 11, no. 2 (July 19, 2023): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2023-11-2-215-222.
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Introduction. Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy (PNL) is the optimal method in the treatment of large or complex renal stones. Surgical equipment and endoscopic equipment, and specialised tools have been constantly developing since the advent of PNL in 1976, increasing success rates with a decrease in the number of complications and morbidity. Owing to the specificity and complexity of the technique, only 11% of urologists in the USA perform PNL, while in Russian Federation no more than 5% of specialists realise it.Objective. To evaluate the possibilities of using a robot-angiograph to create a puncture access.Materials & methods. In the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2021, the first PNL was performed in a patient with a left-sided lower calyx stone using the SIEMENS Healthineers’ ARTIS pheno robotic angiograph in a hybrid operating room. This robotic installation allows the performing of an intraoperative computed tomography examination followed by the construction of a navigation map with a clearly displayed trajectory, length, and angle of inclination of the needle path with automatic positioning of the C-arm.Results. We performed 30 pyelocaliceal punctures using a robotic angiographic installation for PNL. The average age of patients was 56.6 ± 19.0 years. According to MSCT, the lower calyx stone was detected in seven patients, the middle calyx — 13 cases, the upper calyx — seven patients, pelvic stones were recorded in three patients. The density of stones varied from 877 HU to 1356 HU. The use of the ARTIS pheno robotic system allows performing intraoperative 3D modelling to determine the safest pyelocaliceal puncture, followed by PNL, regardless of the stone localisation, the complexity of the anatomy. In addition, a CT-like scans allows you to assess the presence of residual stones during the operation and perform a "second look" not in a delayed manner. This system, unlike all existing types of navigation, allows intraoperative evaluation of the effectiveness (stone-free rate) of surgical treatment.Conclusion. The introduction of this navigation system in PNL will minimise the risks of complications from puncture access, reduce the number of repeated interventions, and minimise undesirable consequences in the postoperative period.
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Maystrenko, Dmitriy A., and Victor N. Karmanov. "Stone Industry of the Bronze and Iron Ages Border (case study of the Oralovskoe Ozero II settlement on the Vishera River)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 41 (September 30, 2022): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.3.41.170.187.
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The authors publish the data on the stone assemblage of the Oralovskoe Ozero II settlement, 9th – 8th century B.C., the Kama River basin, Perm Krai, Russian Federation. Examination of the traces of processing on the flint artefacts made it possible to determine its basic characteristics. These are a stadial knapping; secondary bifacial thinning; heat treatment of the raw material to prepare it for knapping; leaf-shaped bifaces with a straight base – arrowheads and dart/spear points, decorated at the fnal stage with «serrated» retouching; unifacial scrapers. The search for assemblages with similar characteristics allowed to determine in the extreme north-east of Europe (the basins of the Pechora, Vychegda and Mezen rivers) a special tradition of the flint tools production of the Bronze and Iron Ages boundary. Reference stone assemblages accompany different types of pottery and their combinations: Korshak and Lebyazhskaya cultures, Ananyino cultural-historical community and ceramics with “cross-like” ornamentation. This indicates that mobile foragers established links with tundra and taiga cultures, uniting them into a single network of the Bronze and Iron Age boundary in the north-east of Europe. A detailed analysis of the identifed stone-working tradition, its naming, the search for origins and spatial and temporal variants is needed in the future.
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Selin, Dmitrii V., and Yuriy P. Chemyakin. "Features of Ceramics of the Kulai Culture (Surgut Variant) of the Barsov gorodok I/32 Site (Surgut-Ob Region)." Archaeology and Ethnography 20, no. 5 (2021): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-5-116-128.
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Purpose. Barsova Gora is a unique archaeological and landscape site located in the Tyumen Region of the Russian Federation. The archaeological site Barsov gorodok I/32 is located on the edge of the bank of Utoplaya river. A visual comparison of the ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Barsov gorodok I/31–32 sites and the ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/4 site from the east showed their great similarity, if not their identical nature. For a correct comparison and identification of similarities and differences in the ceramics of these sites, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the products of each settlement using a unified technique. The study is devoted to the analysis of ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site. Results. The most common motifs are rows of ‘ducks’. Other common patterns are: short wavy horizontal and vertical prints (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), rows of stamp prints, notches and ‘pearls’. There are no non-ornamented dividing zones on the vessels. There are no ornaments in the form of a series of hemotheric figures and meanders. The upper edges of the vessels are flat (28 %) or beveled inward (72%). In 33% of cases, a cornice is present. The ceramics are made from low-sand ferruginous clays with a natural admixture of sand, mica, brown iron ore, and scraps of vegetation. Artificial impurities are represented by chamotte, broken stone and organic matter. Four recipes of clay paste have been revealed: clay + broken stone; clay + broken stone + chamotte; clay + chamotte; clay + chamotte + organic matter. The ceramics are made with ribbons. The shape of the vessels is cauldron-like. Conclusion. The absence of non-ornamented dividing zones, the presence of rows of short wavy horizontal and vertical impressions (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), the presence of inwardly beveled upper edges of the vessels with ornamented cornices testify to the late existence of this pottery. The ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site can be attributed to the late stage of the Kulai culture (Surgut variant).
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Ежова, Оксана Федоровна. "The culture of Tuva children’s play: Khuresh wrestling and the ethnic socialization of boys." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2019.20.2.005.
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Культура детства в Туве - важная часть жизни этноса. Тема игр тувинского народа интересовала русскоязычных исследователей со времен начала освоения Сибири. Систематизации эти знания подверглись лишь в начале XX в. Представленное в статье исследование игр проходило в рамках экспедиции в Туву объединенной группы Московского педагогического государственного университета, Тувинского государственного университета и Московского музея кочевых культур. В его задачи входило непосредственное наблюдение за игрой детей и ее визуальная фиксация. Полевые исследования позволили выделить два аспекта восприятия борьбы хуреш тувинцами. Первый: хуреш - это испытанный веками способ физического воспитания мальчиков. Второй и более значимый для наших респондентов: хуреш как знак гендерной и этнической идентичности. The Republic of Tuva is a part of the Russian Federation (82% of the population of the Republic are of the Tuvan nationality). The Tuvinians are a people with a rich history dating back centuries. Settlement of the land where they live began in the Stone Age. At various times, Scythians, Huns and the numerous Turkic tribes lived there. The culture of childhood in Tuva is an important part of the life of the ethnic group. Games among Tuvan children have interested Russian-speaking researchers since the beginning of Siberia’s development, but information about them was only systematized at the beginning of the 20th century. The material about Tuvan children’s games presented in this article was collected on a joint expedition to Tuva by the Moscow Pedagogical State University, Tuva State University and the Moscow Museum of Nomadic Cultures. Its tasks included direct observation of children’s play and its visual fixation. In particular, field studies allowed the authors to highlight two aspects of Tuvinians’ perception of khuresh wrestling. First, that khuresh is a time-tested means of physical education for boys, and second - even more significant for the Tuvan community - is that khuresh serves as a sign of gender and ethnic identity.
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Khokhlacheva, N. A., T. S. Kosareva, and A. P. Lukashevich. "New Approaches to Studying Prevalence Gallstone Disease." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-4-281-287.
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The aim — predicting the growth of gallstone disease based on the study of the dynamics of the incidence of the liver. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions, 98 patients (62 women and 36 men, average age 43.4 ± 3.3 years (21-60)) with various chronic liver diseases were examined. Anamnesis, clinical and laboratory data were used to verify the diagnosis. In portions “B” and “C” of bile obtained by multifractional duodenal sounding, the total concentration of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids was determined, and lithogenicity indices of bile were calculated: cholate-cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and PSPP statistical processing programs. The next stage of the work was the analysis of statistical indicators of the general and primary liver morbidity in the Udmurt Republic over the past 10 years (2008-2018). The study applied statistical forecasting methods. Models were built in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program in a polynomial trend.Results. In 52 (53,1%) examined patients, ultrasound examination of the gallbladder were signs of biliary sludge. Microscopic examination of bile 71 (72,6%) patients had crystals of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate, which is evidence of stage I gallstone disease. In all patients with biliary sludge, a violation of the biochemical composition of bile was noted — a decrease in the concentration of bile acids and phospholipids, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol, a decrease in cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. When studying statistical indicators over the past 10 years, a higher general and primary incidence of liver diseases in the Udmurt Republic was noted than in the Russian Federation as a whole. Based on the results of trend modeling, a significant increase in the total and primary liver morbidity is predicted both in the Udmurt Republic and in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be noted that over the past 10 years (from 2008 to 2018) among the adult population of Udmurt Republic, a clear tendency has been revealed for an increase in the general and primary incidence of the liver. As the results of trend forecasting showed, an increase in the incidence of the liver will continue in the coming years. With liver pathology, bile secretory function suffers, as a result of metabolic processes, bile produces supersaturated cholesterol, which is the basis for stone formation in the gall bladder. A study of the dynamics of liver disease allows predicting an increase in cholelithiasis in the coming years. Despite the fact that the asymptomatic course of cholelithiasis is often quite observed, if this disease is not diagnosed and the preventive treatment of stone formation is not carried out in a timely manner, this leads to the development of serious complications.
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Korolev, Evgenij V., Duong Thanh Qui, and Aleksandr S. Inozemtcev. "Method of internal care of cement hydration in 3D printing formulations." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2020): 834–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.6.834-846.
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Introduction. Improvement of 3D printing technology with the use of concrete mixtures based on Portland cement largely depends on the sustainable solution of the problem of ensuring normal hardening of extruded concrete layers. A violation of hardening has known negative consequences and entails significant economic losses. It has been suggested to use polyacrylate solutions, preparation of which before application in concrete mixture allows controlling the process of their polymerization, postponing the sorption function of the additive in time to ensure the required rheology.
Materials and methods. Influence of super absorbent polymer (SAP) solution on structural formation processes and properties of cement materials is studied. Assessment of the degree of hydration was carried out by the calorimetric method for total thermal power using the isothermal calorimeter TAM AIR. Identification of main phases of cement stone (CS) by X-ray phase analysis was performed on XRD-6000 diffractometer.
Results. It is established that the use of SAP solutions has a positive effect on the mobility of cement mixtures due to the delayed polymerization and the corresponding water absorption by the polymer. The flexural strength range is 6.6–8.7 MPa and the compression strength range is 68.5–71.7 MPa. The porosity is characterized by extreme dependence with minimum at concentration of SAP 1.0 % from weight of Portland cement. Such changes in the properties of the CS are naturally associated with changes in the parameters of its structural formation. It is established that the range of concentrations of SAP less than 1.5 % provides close to the reference composition (without SAP) the total hydration heat power of Portland cement at the age of 86 hours.
Conclusions. The dependences of rheological and mechanical properties of cement materials on SAP concentration have been established. It has been proved that the use of SAP solutions is an effective engineering solution to ensure the hardening of concrete in adverse conditions. Further development of the topic may be aimed at studying the effect of SAP solutions on the properties of concrete mixtures of different compositions for 3D printing.
Acknowledgements: The paper was supported by a grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists — Candidates of Sciences MK 1394.2020.8.
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Sobolev, Vladislav. "Epidemiology of urolithiasis in cats in the Russian Federation." Russian veterinary journal 2020, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2020-4-19-25.
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The article systematizes the epidemiological information on the incidence urolithiasis of cats in the Russian Federation based on publications by Russian researchers and the author’s observations. The incidence of urolithiasis in certain regions of the Russian Federation ranges from 1.7 to 11.8 % of cases from the number of visits to the veterinary clinic of cats, owners. The article also analyzes other epidemiological factors of the disease: seasonality, breed, age and sex of diseased animals, conditions of detention, type of nutrition, chemical composition of urinary stones and the place of urolithiasis in the structure of causes of death. The author recommends the use of 10 statistical categories of accounting for the incidence of urolithiasis for widespread implementation in common veterinary practice, which will allow obtaining objective statistical information about the epidemiology of urolithiasis in cats across the country as a whole
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Bulakh, Andrey, Paavo Härmä, Elena Panova, and Olavi Selonen. "Rapakivi granite in the architecture of St Petersburg: a potential Global Heritage Stone from Finland and Russia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2018-5.
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AbstractRapakivi granites were in use during the Middle Ages in Finland. Their most spectacular use, however, was for structures built in St Petersburg between 1760 and 1917. Remarkable examples are the majestic and slender Alexander Column and the 112 columns of St Isaac's Cathedral. All Rapakivi granite was extracted from the Wiborg Rapakivi granite batholith in several quarries around the municipality of Virolahti in SE Finland (old Russia). Today, the 1640 Ma-old Wiborg batholith is the most important area for natural stone production in Finland and in the Leningrad region, Russian Federation. The main quarried stone varieties of Rapakivi granite (Baltic Brown, Baltic Green, Carmen Red, Karelia Red, Eagle Red and Balmoral Red) are regularly produced in large quantities in Finland for the global stone market due to the stone's unique qualities. Examples of applications in Rapakivi granite from Finland can be found in the USA, China, South Africa, the UK, Italy, Austria, Ireland, Spain and Germany as well as in Scandinavia and Russia. There are also quarries near Vyborg, the Russian Federation: Vozrozhdenie and Ala-Noskua.
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Kazitskaya, Anastasiya S., Anna G. Zhukova, Tatyana K. Yadykina, Olga N. Gulyaeva, and Nikolaу I. Panev. "Contribution of polymorphic variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes to the development of occupational lung dust pathology in miners." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, no. 8 (September 5, 2023): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-8-503-511.
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Introduction. The formation and progression of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system during prolonged contact with fibrogenic dust are closely related to changes in the concentration of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. The change in cytokine expression is due to the presence of polymorphism of certain genes, which results in quantitative or structural changes in proteins that can affect the course and outcome of dust lung diseases.
The study aims to determine the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes with the formation of occupational dust pathology of the lungs.
Materials and methods. Scientists examined 140 coal mine workers who had been exposed to high concentrations of coal and stone dust for a long time. We divided the study participants into 2 groups. The main group included 75 miners with a previously established diagnosis of "dust pathology of the lungs", the comparison group consisted of 65 men working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions, but without an established occupational disease of the bronchopulmonary system. The research groups are comparable by gender, age and ethnicity. The scientists carried out genotyping by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in real time.
Results. Experts have identified a number of gene polymorphisms associated with the risk of developing occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system as a result of exposure to fibrogenic dust in Kuzbass miners. They also found that the following markers predispose to the formation of occupational lung pathology in miners: allele C and heterozygous genotype C/T of the polymorphic locus rs1800896 of the IL-10 gene, allele C of the polymorphism rs1800795 of the IL-6 gene, homozygous genotype T/T of the IL-4 gene (rs2243250). In turn, the T allele and the homozygous T/T genotype of the rs1800896 polymorphism of the IL-10 gene, as well as the G allele of the rs1800795 polymorphic locus of the IL-6 gene have a protective effect on the development of occupational lung dust pathology.
Limitations. The conducted study has limitations in the form of a relatively small sample size and the lack of quantitative determination of the concentration of cytokines in the blood.
Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies indicate the contribution of polymorphic variants of the genes of the studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to the formation of genetic predisposition and resistance to the development of dust pathology of the lungs of professional genesis. With the help of the obtained informative markers, it is possible to assess the risk of developing dust lung diseases in miners working in contact with high concentrations of coal-rock dust.
Ethics. The Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases has approved the study. The examination of patients was carried out on the basis of ethical standards developed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of conducting Scientific medical research with human participation" as amended in 2013 and "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06/19/2003. The study was conducted with the written consent of the subjects.
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Khrustaleva, Irina, and Aivar Kriiska. "From a Concentration of Finds to Stone Age Architecture." Documenta Praehistorica 48 (September 10, 2021): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.48.17.
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High-quality documentation that was made during fieldwork at archaeological sites can provide new information for old excavations, even decades later. The revision of the archival data of the Stone Age settlement site Lommi III, located in the border zone of Russia and Estonia and excavated by Richard Indreko in 1940, allowed us to identify the remains of a Comb Ware culture (4th millennium cal BC) pit-house based on the concentration of artefacts marked in the field drawings. The rectangular shape and size of the concentration (c. 7.1x4.4m, depth 0.7–0.75m) corresponds to the architectural form common in the European forest zone and has numerous analogies at the settlement sites of that time in Finland, Karelia (Russia) and Estonia. The composition and diversity of the finds and their distribution indicate the (semi-)sedentary way of life of inhabitants of the pit-house. The radiocarbon age obtained from the organic crust on pottery fragments collected in the pit-house corresponds to the first half of 4th millennium cal BC.
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YUE, QIANG, and SHIYI FAN. "ABOUT THE LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION “ABOUT PRODUCTION SHARING AGREEMENTS” THROUGH THE EYES OF CHINESE SCIENTISTS." Sociopolitical Sciences 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-2-152-161.
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The adoption and implementation of the Russian Law “On Production Sharing Agreements” marks a significant increase in the openness of the Russian oil and gas sector. The purpose of this law is to encourage and attract more foreign direct investment in the Russian manufacturing sector. In the context of the fruitful results of strategic cooperation between China and Russia, the role of the “Crushed Stone Ballast” of energy cooperation was additionally demonstrated. From the point of view of Chinese scientists, this article analyzes the prerequisites for the introduction of the Russian system of production sharing agreements and the goals of the introduction of the system, and, finally, predicts the trend of cooperation between China and Russia in this area.
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Vishnevsky, A., S. A. Vasin, and A. Ramonov. "Retirement Age and Life Expectancyin the Russian Federation." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2012): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-9-88-109.
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Retirement age reform in the Russian Federation is widely discussed in recent Russian economic literature. This literature mainly focuses on economic justification of increasing retirement age, less often considers demographic issues. The latter that according to economists point of view provide additional arguments for this reform are critically considered in the article. As indicated in it, none of these issues (population ageing, life expectancy growth, health of the elderly) nowadays provide empirical grounds for making decisions on changes in retirement age. On the contrary, modern demographic processes in Russia give arguments against this reform.
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Ganina, Elena Viktorovna, Nina Aleksandrovna Kozlovtseva, Veronika Eduardovna Matveenko, Ayyub Sevdim oglu Kerimov, and Daria Valerievna Sukhorukova. "Immigration situation in Russia (2016–2020)." SHS Web of Conferences 125 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112506001.
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The article overviews the peculiarities of migration in the Russian Federation in the modern period and analyzes the situation faced by people with a migrant background in Russia. The study provides a detailed description of the regions that are popular among immigrants and the underlying reasons for their choices. The main directions of migration flows in Russia are studied (Moscow, Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Krasnodar Region, Novosibirsk and Tyumen Regions); the reasons for the popularity of these regions among migrants are revealed. The goals of the arrival of foreign migrants in Russia, as well as the information about their level of education and age category, are presented. It was revealed that more than 80% of migrants who arrived in Russia were males of working age. The article also presents statistical data on refugees and stateless persons in Russia, as well as information on national diasporas organized in the territory of the Russian Federation.
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ЛАНГЕМАН И.И., ЛАНГЕМАН И. И., ТЕПЛЯКОВА М. Ю. ТЕПЛЯКОВА М.Ю., and ХАБИБ М. Д. ХАБИБ М.Д. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BIRTH RATE IN RUSSIA." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 5(166) (June 28, 2024): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.166.5.048.
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В статье представлены результаты статистического анализа общего и специального коэффициентов рождаемости в Российской Федерации за 2016-2021гг. как в целом по РФ, так и по субъектам. Определена динамика показателей и установлены тенденции их изменения. В рамках исследования была дана оценка распределения женщин репродуктивного возраста по возрастным группам, а также уровня суммарных коэффициентов рождаемости по этим группам. С помощью корреляционного анализа была установлена степень влияния территориального фактора на вариацию рождаемости в РФ. Представлены результаты исследования динамики и дифференциации показателя прерывания беременности в регионах Российской Федерации - одного из основных факторов влияния на уровень рождаемости. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the general and special fertility rates in the Russian Federation for 2016-2021. both in the whole of the Russian Federation and in the regions. The dynamics of the indicators has been determined and the trends of their change have been established. The study assessed the distribution of women of reproductive age by age groups, as well as the level of total fertility rates for these groups. Using correlation analysis, the degree of influence of the territorial factor on the variation of fertility in the Russian Federation was established. The results of a study of the dynamics and differentiation of the abortion rate in the regions of the Russian Federation, one of the main factors influencing the birth rate, are presented.
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Peter Korzun. "U.S. OPENLY THREATENS RUSSIA WITH WAR: GOODBYE, DIPLOMACY – HELLO, STONE AGE." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 70, no. 040 (October 7, 2018): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.52167120.
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Bulakh, Andrey, and Jacques Touret. "Shoksha quartzite, a heritage stone of international importance from Russia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2017-303.
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AbstractShoksha quartzite is a heritage stone of international importance. This stone, a hematitic quartzite composed predominantly of quartz with subordinate amounts of chalcedony and sericite, is Jatulian (2.3–2.0 Ga) in age. The sarcophagus of Napoleon I, Emperor of France, inside the Dôme des Invalides in Paris was cut from Shoksha quartzite quarried by Lake Onega, Russia. The details of the sarcophagus were cut and polished in Paris using steam machinery, an early use of this method. A monument to Russian Emperor, Nicholas I, in St Petersburg is also made in part of this quartzite. This stone also has been utilized in the Grave of the Unknown Soldier and the monument to Heroic Cities near the Kremlin in Moscow, as well as for other uses.
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Lee, Chung-Young. "History of Taekwondo Federation in Korea: Women and Industry Federation." World Society of Taekwondo Culture 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2023.38.33.
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This study specifically examines the development history of Women's Federations and Industry Federations among the five federations that have had a significant impact on the development of Taekwondo. This study was conducted with the goal of finding out through this and leaving a documentary trace on the development history of Taekwondo. Through the study, the following results were confirmed. First, the establishment of the Korean Women's Taekwondo Federation provided an opportunity to have a wider perspective on women's sports participation in Korea, and based on the establishment of the Women's Federation, it served as an opportunity for further development of Korean Women's Taekwondo. Second, the establishment of the Korea Industry Taekwondo Federation was established to help Taekwondo players continue their activities after graduating from college and discharged from the military. This is thought to be a stepping stone for diversification of the age group of Taekwondo players.
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Mikhailova, Ekaterina, and Anna Aksyanova. "Indicator approach in assessing the processes of demographic aging in the Russian Federation." Russian Journal of Management 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2023-11-4-490-500.
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The demographic aging of the Russian Federation in the period from 2010 to 2020 is considered in the article. The evaluation of indicators such as aging coefficients and longevity coefficients for the Russian Federation, including regional coefficients, was carried out. The average age values of the Russian Federation population as a whole and its regions, taking into account the sexual structure, are analyzed, and the processes of aging feminization from 2010 to 2020 are evaluated. The estimation approach to the demographic aging in dynamics based on the aging indexes according to Dlugosz is proposed. The indexes of aging by Dlugosz for Russia and the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in the time interval from 2002 to 2020 were obtained. Based on demographic load data, aging and longevity coefficients, values of average age, life expectancy of men who have reached 60 years, years, and aging indexes, indicator matrices of demographic aging for the Russia population and individual regions were compiled. It can be the basis for the development of strategic regional programs to solve demographic problems in the Federation subjects.
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ЧИСТИК О.Ф., ЧИСТИК О. Ф. "ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY PROCESSES OF WORKING AGE IN RUSSIA." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(164) (June 20, 2024): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.164.3.092.
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Статья посвящена статистическому анализу смертности в трудоспособном возрасте. Установлена тенденция смертности населения в этом возрасте; дана её прогнозная оценка на основе модели временного ряда с линейным трендом при использовании возможностей программы Gretl; на основе содержательного анализа выявлены факторы, наиболее влияющие на уровень смертности в рассматриваемой возрастной группе населения; осуществлена кластеризацию регионов по уровню условий, определяющих смертность в трудоспособном возрасте; выделены методом кластерного анализа 5 групп субъектов РФ; охарактеризованы типы регионов РФ по факторам, детерминирующим уровень смертности населения: от низких до наиболее благоприятных условий формирования смертности в рассматриваемых группах, что служит основой для снижения смертности населения и увеличения продолжительности жизни, которые определяют её качество The article is focused on the statistical analysis of mortality in working age. The trend of mortality of the population at this age has been determined; its forecast estimate is given on the basis of a time series model with a linear trend with the aid of the Gretl program. Factors most affecting the mortality rate in the considered age group of the population were identified on the basis of a content analysis; clustering of regions according to the level of conditions determining mortality in working age was carried out. By cluster analysis we identified 5 groups of subjects of the Russian Federation; groups of regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by factors ranking the mortality rate of the population: from low to the most favorable conditions in terms of mortality in the groups under consideration, which serves as the basis for reducing the mortality of the population and increasing life expectancy and quality of life.
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Isakova, Yuliya, and Evgeny Millerov. "Legal issues in the field of digital technologies in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308083.
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The article examines the negative factors of the impact of the Internet on the moral development of minors (that is, persons under the age of eighteen), the legal aspects of countering these factors. The types of information on the Internet are analyzed, which can harm children to their moral development. In addition to the study of laws that are exclusively regulatory in nature of these issues, the main emphasis is placed on the analysis of the norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provide for legal liability for acts that are capable for causing harm to minor Internet users. Some problems of classification of these administrative offenses and crimes are considered, the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is given, the official statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are analyzed with ocular demonstration. At the end of the study, the authors put forward their own conclusions regarding the legal aspects of the protection of minor Internet users, and proposals are also made for amending some norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
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Makar, Svetlana V., Yury A. Simagin, and Aziza V. Yarasheva. "Demographic situation in Russia and social infrastructure." POPULATION 23, no. 1 (2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.6.
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The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.
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Чумакова, Е. А., Е. Г. Горбунова, А. Н. Столярова, and Л. В. Шамрай-Курбатова. "On measures to improve the demographic situation in Russia." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 8(133) (November 16, 2021): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.133.8.061.
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Статья посвящена анализу демографических трендов в Российской федерации. Выявлены основные причины, оказывающие влияние на снижение численности населения Российской Федерации. Проведен анализ компонент изменения численности городского населения РФ с 1990 по 2020 гг. Приведена динамика населения с 1926 по 2021 гг. моложе трудоспособного, трудоспособном, старше трудоспособного возраста, отражающая существенные изменения в отдельных группах. Приведены промежуточные итоги реализации национального проекта «Демография» и перспективы его развития. The article is devoted to the analysis of demographic trends in the Russian Federation. The main reasons influencing the decrease in the population of the Russian Federation are revealed. The analysis of the components of the change in the urban population of the Russian Federation from 1990 to 2020 is carried out. The dynamics of the population from 1926 to 2021 is given. younger than able-bodied, able-bodied, older than working age, reflecting significant changes in certain groups. The interim results of the implementation of the national project "Demography" and the prospects for its development are presented.
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Сафарова, Г. Л., В. А. Кипяткова, and А. А. Сафарова. "Effects of socio-economic factors on old-age mortality in Russia." Успехи геронтологии, no. 6 (January 13, 2022): 910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2021.34.6.013.
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Исследование смертности занимает важное место в демографии в целом и в особенности в демографии старения. России свойственна неоднородность демографического развития, в частности региональная дифференциация показателей смертности населения. Работа посвящена анализу зависимости смертности в регионах России в старших возрастных группах от социально-экономических показателей. Исследование проводили с использованием методов регрессионного анализа, где в качестве единиц наблюдения выступали субъекты РФ, в качестве объясняемой переменной - смертность мужского (женского) населения старшего (60+) возраста, представленная в виде стандартизованных по структуре населения коэффициентов. В результате работы выявлены значимые социально-экономические факторы, позволяющие объяснить различия уровней смертности в субъектах РФ. Studies of old-age mortality are an important part of demography, especially the demography of ageing. Demographic development of Russia is characterized by heterogeneity including regional differences in mortality. The aim of the paper is to analyze the dependence of mortality at old-age groups on socio-economic indicators. The study is conducted using methods of regression analysis; the units of observation are the regions of the Russian Federation, the explained variable is the mortality rate of male (female) population at older (60+) ages standardized by the population-age structure. As a result, the significant socio-economic factors, explaining the differences of mortality rates in the regions of the Russian Federation, were identified.
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Vilkov, V. G., S. A. Shalnova, A. D. Deev, Yu A. Balanova, S. E. Efstifeeva, A. E. Imaeva, A. V. Kapustina, G. A. Muromtseva, and N. V. Kiseleva. "Obesity trends in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America. Thirty-year long dynamics." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 17, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2018-4-67-72.
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Aim. To evaluate the dynamics of obesity and mean body mass index (BMI) in Russia and USA in various age and gender categories during 1975-2014.Material and methods. By a repeat analysis of one-moment studies of Russian and US population in 1975-1982 and 2007-2014, the values of obesity and BMI were assessed in men and women age 25-64 y. o. Into analysis, the data was included from Russian part of the Lipid Clinics study and multicenter ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in various regions of Russian Federation). American data acquired from the studies NHANES (National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey), open access. Total number of observations 48974.Results. In the 80s of XX century in all age groups of women the mean BMI levels were lower in USA comparing to Russia, in men there were no significant differences. For the following 30 years in Russia the situation improved for men and women <45 y. o. — differences with USA changed modality, and currently BMI in Russia is lower than in USA.Conclusion. Russia was below the US 30 years ago by the mean BMI in females of all ages, with no differences for males. For the following 30 years in the US there was significant increase of BMI in all age strata of men and women, and in Russia dynamics was the same, but lesser. Comparison of the prevalence of obesity in men 30 years ago showed some predominance of obesity in American males, especially young, but not statistically significant. Russian women had higher prevalence of obesity regardless of age. Currently, obesity in young age is more prevalent in men and women of USA, and >45 years old — in Russia.
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Vilkov, V. G., S. A. Shalnova, A. D. Deev, Yu A. Balanova, S. E. Efstifeeva, A. E. Imaeva, A. V. Kapustina, G. A. Muromtseva, and N. V. Kiseleva. "Obesity trends in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America. Thirty-year long dynamics." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 17, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2018-4-67-73.
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Aim. To evaluate the dynamics of obesity and mean body mass index (BMI) in Russia and USA in various age and gender categories during 1975-2014.Material and methods. By a repeat analysis of one-moment studies of Russian and US population in 1975-1982 and 2007-2014, the values of obesity and BMI were assessed in men and women age 25-64 y. o. Into analysis, the data was included from Russian part of the Lipid Clinics study and multicenter ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in various regions of Russian Federation). American data acquired from the studies NHANES (National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey), open access. Total number of observations 48974.Results. In the 80s of XX century in all age groups of women the mean BMI levels were lower in USA comparing to Russia, in men there were no significant differences. For the following 30 years in Russia the situation improved for men and women <45 y. o. — differences with USA changed modality, and currently BMI in Russia is lower than in USA.Conclusion. Russia was below the US 30 years ago by the mean BMI in females of all ages, with no differences for males. For the following 30 years in the US there was significant increase of BMI in all age strata of men and women, and in Russia dynamics was the same, but lesser. Comparison of the prevalence of obesity in men 30 years ago showed some predominance of obesity in American males, especially young, but not statistically significant. Russian women had higher prevalence of obesity regardless of age. Currently, obesity in young age is more prevalent in men and women of USA, and >45 years old — in Russia.
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Biryukov, Aleksandr P., El’vira P. Korovkina, Igor’ P. Korenkov, Aleksandr R. Tukov, Sergej E. Okhrimenko, Idris G. Dibirgadzhiev, and Vladimir A. Seregin. "Incidence of malignant neoplasms at radiation-hazardous facilities." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-154-158.
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Introduction. Authors present information on the results of social and hygienic monitoring of personnel’s health status at hazardous radiation facilities and the assigned contingent of healthcare institutions of Russia’s FMBA. The main causal patterns of the influence of risk factors on morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms (MNO) among employees of enterprises and the attached contingent of organizations served by healthcare institutions of the FMBA of Russia were revealed. Material and methods. The object of the study was the data on malignant neoplasms obtained from the Federal State Budgetary Institution FTSITEP FMBA of Russia and the Branch Medical and Dosimetric Register of the A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia for 2012-2016. Comparative data of official medical statistics on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them in the contingent served by FMBA hospitals, according to the nosological forms of ICD-10 and age groups with similar indices in Russia as a whole, were studied and analyzed (“NMITs Radiology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia). Results. An increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Russia’s FMBA for 2012-2016 (328.4-359.6) and the Russian Federation (367.3-408.6) was noted. 9, which is significantly less than the all-Russian indices (201.0-201.6). The annual mortality rate in 2016 was lower in Russia’s FMBA patients (17.7%) than in the Russian Federation (23.3%). The five-year survival rate in Russia’s FMBA was close to that in the Russian Federation (49.9-54.3%.) It was noted that the largest number of cancer cases was observed in the older age groups: 40-59 years: 23.3-26.6%; 60-85 years: 72.2-68.3%, the same as in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The research results can become the basis for the development of measures for medical and social rehabilitation of employees of enterprises and organizations served by medical and preventive institutions of the FMBA of Russia and the assigned contingent. In the area of the location of hazardous radiation facilities, constant monitoring and analysis of indicators of cancer incidence, carried out at a personal level using register technologies, is required.
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Petrosian, Artur, Egor Shevchuk, Pavel Kirillov, and Nikita Mozgunov. "Geographical patterns of population aging in Russia." Демографическое обозрение 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v6i5.11460.
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The paper investigates the geographical features of demographic ageing using the age of retirement as the main definition for the old age boundary. The study is based on demographic statistics of Rosstat and the UN Population Division. The possible interdependence between population ageing and the implementation of social policies in the field of pension regulation is studied. The hypothesis about the relationship between low levels and a high pace of population ageing for countries of the world and regions of the Russian Federation was tested.
A cartographic and statistical analysis of spatial data at the level of regions and municipalities made it possible to identify and describe the main geographical factors of population ageing differentiation. The ‘ethnic’ subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the Northern regions of new development (autonomous okrugs), where a minimum proportion of the elderly of retirement age is observed, are growing older the most rapidly. At the same time, the echo of social сrises that took place during the 20th century still plays a significant part in the pace of ageing. However, over the course of this century its influence will increasingly weaken.
At the local level, ethnic and rural-urban differentiation is becoming a less significant factor of population ageing in comparison with migration: the working-age population continues to concentrate in the largest urbanised areas. The main territories of the “young” population concentration are the administrative centres of Russia’s regions and areas with a high proportion of non-Russian ethnic groups with a high total fertility rate (TFR), as well as some other ‘azonic’ municipalities.
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Skufina, Tatiana P., and Sergey V. Baranov. "DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE MURMANSK REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF PENSION REFORM IMPLEMENTATION." Economy of the North-West: problems and prospects of development 1, no. 64 (2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2021-1-37-43.
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The article deals with demographic and social processes in the Murmansk Oblast in the context of the implementation of pension reform in the Russian Federation. Theoretical and methodological ideas concerning the pension policy in the world and in the Russian Federation are summed up; the influence of retirement age increase on the number of working-age population in Russia and in the Murmansk region is estimated; sentiments of population of the Murmansk region in the context of the pension reform are revealed.
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Soshnikov, Sergej S., Vladimir I. Starodubov, Dar’ya A. Khaltourina, Vasilij V. Vlassov, Ol’ga V. Obuhova, and Bulat T. Idrisov. "The burden attributable to substance use in the Russian Federation." Neurology Bulletin LII, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb18975.
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Aim. Assessment of the health consequences of substance use in the form of lost years of healthy life in the world in comparison with Russia. An additional task was to determine the economic losses from alcohol, tobacco and drugs in the Russian Federation.
Methods. We used indicators of mortality, morbidity, prevalence, and years of life lost, taking into account the DALY disability from tobacco, alcohol, opiates, cannabis, and other drugs (ICD10: I42.6, K70.03, Z72.0, F10-19). Indicators of harmful health effects from PS were presented from 1990 to 2017. Variables were standardized by age and sex. An economic assessment of the impact of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs denominated in rubles was applied.
Results. Total economic losses from psychoactive substances, expressed in rubles, amounted to from 887.4 billion to 8.5 trillion rubles in Russia in 2017. The greatest harmful effects on health from psychoactive substances in Russia and the world are caused by tobacco, with alcohol in the second place. The damage from smoking in Russia in years of lost life including disability DALY amounted to 8.6 million in 2017 Alcohol consumption and its consequences in Russia caused 1.85 million DALYs of harm to health, alcoholic cirrhosis and other liver diseases-643 thousand DALYs.
Conclusion. Alcohol and nicotine cause maximum harm to the health and economy of Russia, and in conditions of limited resources, the main efforts should be directed at preventing the consequences of alcoholism and tobacco smoking.
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Bakhmatov, Sergey, Lyubov Borodavko, and Ekaterina Semenova. "The Development of Voluntary Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation." Bulletin of Baikal State University 29, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(2).244-252.
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Only a balanced structure of an integral system of compulsory and voluntary insurance can provide a high degree of social protection for citizens of retirement age in any country in a modern market economy. In this regard, the state should be extremely interested in the development of voluntary pension insurance as the most important direction in the development of life insurance. The advantages of this type of insurance and the prospects for its development in Russia determine the purpose and relevance of research in this field. The article deals with the essential problem of the voluntary pension insurance market development in Russia. The factors influencing the dynamics of the voluntary life insurance development have been identified. A correlation analysis and practical calculations are presented. They reveal the degree of the indicated factors influence on the dynamics of pension insurance contracts concluded. Based on the study, the prospects for the development of voluntary pension insurance in Russia are determined.
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Galina, N. P., A. Ya Mindlina, and R. V. Polibin. "Surveying children and adult vaccination program against diphtheria, tetanus, measles and viral hepatitis B in the Russian Federation." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 9, no. 5-6 (February 1, 2020): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-5-6-779-786.
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Over the last years, incidence of vaccine-preventable infections tended to increase both in Russia and multiple European countries due to diverse reasons, including loss of alertness in medical workers to ensure proper quality of immunization. Currently, vaccination is considered to be the most efficient means for preventing infectious diseases. However, vaccination efficacy is directly related to population coverage and proper timeframe for its application.Materials and methods. Diphtheria, tetanus, measles and hepatitis B vaccination coverage and timeframe were analyzed for population of Russia, Moscow as well as the three pediatric and adult out-patient hospitals.Results. It was found that compared to adults, pediatric subjects were vaccinated better. However, in case of 95% or higher coverage against all infections, shortcomings in vaccination timeframe were uncovered. In 2017, despite pediatric subjects should be vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus at the age of 3-to-6 months, coverage was as low as 46.9% in Russia, 48.7% in Moscow that ranged in some polyclinics from 21.8% in 2012 down to 1.7% in 2017. Moreover, this situation was even more unfavorable in case of revaccination program. In particular, it was found that at the age of 18 months only 50, 54, and 49–55% underwent revaccination in the Russia, Moscow 54%, and some out-patient hospitals, whereas at the age of 7–14 years in Russia there were revaccinated up to 97% population. Likewise, at the age of 6 months there were covered with vaccination against hepatitis B as few as 49% population in Russia and Moscow, whereas more than 90% coverage was achieved only at the age of 1 year. Immunization coverage reaching more than 85% of adult population against hepatitis B is superior to diphtheria and tetanus. Immunization coverage against measles in Russia at all age groups was over 90% population. Thus, it is necessary to optimize activities on adhering to vaccination timeframe, as decline in quality of vaccination inevitably leads to elevated incidence rate of vaccine-preventable infections. This and vaccination coverage might be adjusted by introducing a Preventive Vaccination Surveillance and Reporting Automated System in the Russian Federation.
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Khrustaleva, Irina Yurjevna. "The earliest dwellings of the stone age in Smolensk and Pskov regions of Russia." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164202.
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The following paper analyzes the ancient building traditions of the upper Dvina basin. The paper deals with the earliest dwellings in the region, found on the base layer of seasonal Stone Age settlements of the Smolensk and Pskov regions: Serteya 3-3 Serteya X, Serteya XIV, Rudnya Serteyskaya and settlement Uzmen. During the excavation, these materials were isolated in a single layer of Early Neolithic Serteyskaja culture. As a result of spatial analysis of the dwellings remains on the settlements Serteya X, Serteya XIV, and studying findings correlated with these structures, the existence of Mesolithic buildings were allocate and justified within this layer. An analysis of the plans and remains of structures revealed the features of the Mesolithic - Early Neolithic transition, manifested in dwellings form changing: the transition from round to oval and subrectangular in plan that also noted by the Stone Age archaeologists, not only for the territories of the forest zone. Such changes are unlikely to be random, and probably can be considered as Neolitization element, but these assumptions still require further research and evidence.
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Muntyanu, Anastasiya, Evgeny Savin, Feras M. Ghazawi, Akram Alakel, Andrei Zubarev, and Ivan V. Litvinov. "Geographic Variations in Cutaneous Melanoma Distribution in the Russian Federation." Dermatology 236, no. 6 (2020): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507617.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence has been increasing around the world. The goal of this study is to describe geographic trends in incidence and mortality of CM in Russia between 2001 and 2017. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> To achieve this we used geo-informatic technique (mapping) and descriptive statistical analysis. Additionally, we studied the associations between ethnicity, geographic latitude/longitude, and CM incidence/mortality rates. We retrospectively analyzed the data from the Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for the period of the study. Routine methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to study incidence and mortality rates by age groups, years, and jurisdictions (i.e., Federal Districts and Federal Subjects of Russia). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 141,597 patients were diagnosed with melanoma in Russia over the period 2001–2017, of whom 62% were women. The overall age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 4.27/100,000 and 1.62/100,000, respectively. Geographic mapping revealed north-to-south and east-to-west gradients. As the study was fully descriptive, retrospective, and based on official statistical reports, detailed characteristics of clinical forms, anatomic sites, Breslow depth, and treatments could not be analyzed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study outlined the burden of melanoma in the Russian Federation, and the trends were similar to those observed in countries with similar latitudes and skin phenotype. The importance of the skin color gradient and recreational/cultural practices were some of the most important risk factors highlighted in this study for the development of melanoma in Russia.
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Nordqvist, K., V. P. Herva, and S. Sandell. "Water and Cosmology in the Stone Age of Northeastern Europe." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.1.023-032.
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This paper explores water and watery places as sacred elements among the cultures of the northern boreal zone during the Stone Age, and especially the Neolithic period, through materials deriving from Northwestern Russia and Fennoscandia. The peculiarity and importance of water and certain watery environments, like rivers, lakes, bogs, waterfalls, and rapids, are discussed through depositional practices of material culture, mainly lithic artifacts. Rock-art provides further tools for approaching the topic, not only through its locations in the landscape but also through its motifs, which allow parallels to be drawn to later ethnographical sources and folklore, too. Finally, the paper briefl y touches upon the rationality behind making a strict separation between “sacred” and “mundane” when interpreting prehistoric cultural phenomena. Water was integral to human life in many different ways, but bodies of water and watery places could also be threatening and unpredictable. Therefore water would have been an ambivalent element, probably invested with signifi cant cultural meanings in the Stone Age world.
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Ольга Григорьевна, Зубарева, and Ступина Надежда Владимировна. "LEGAL CONFLICTS OF REGISTRATION OF MARRIAGES OF MINOR CITIZENS: ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIENCE OF CIVIL REGISTRY OFFICES." NORTH CAUCASUS LEGAL VESTNIK 1, no. 4 (December 2022): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2074-7306-2022-1-4-125-130.
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Recently, there has been a worldwide trend of increasing the minimum age of marriage. In Russia, it is not directly established by law. Marriage with a person who has not reached the age of 16 is concluded only if there are valid reasons, and the subjects of the Russian Federation are authorized to determine a list of special circumstances in which the specified age can be reduced to 14 years at all (paragraph 2 and 3 of Article 13 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation). The authors have proposed a number of solutions aimed at eliminating the conflict of criminal and family legislation.
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Gerasimov, A. A. "The Impact of the Introduction of Clinical Recommendations on Cardiology in the USA and Russia Federetionon Mortality from Ischemic Heart Diseas." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 17, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-30-37.
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1 million 824 thousand people died in the Russian Federation in 2017, including 457 thousand from ischemic heart disease (IHD). IHD caused more than a quarter of deaths in Russia. Goal. The article analyzes the impact of implementation of clinical guidelines in cardiology in medical practice in the United States and the Russian Federation on the dynamics of mortality from ischemic heart disease and its outcomes in different age groups. Results. The results showed that the implementation of clinical guidelines (CG) increased the rate of mortality reduction from coronary heart diseases in Russia and the United States, which may indicate a positive impact CG on the quality of medical care. Conclusions. A higher level of mortality from coronary heart disease in Russia compared to the United States may be due to less commitment of doctors to the principles of therapy and diagnosis of various forms of coronary heart disease, set out in clinical guidelines.
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Pimenov, N. N., V. P. Chulanov, S. V. Komarova, I. V. Karandashova, A. D. Neverov, G. V. Mikhailovskaya, V. A. Dolgin, E. B. Lebedeva, K. V. Pashkina, and G. S. Korshunova. "HEPATITIS C IN RUSSIA: CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGY AND APPROACHES TO IMPROVING DIAGNOSIS AND SURVEILLANCE." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40623.
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The article presents the results of analysis of reported incidence of acute and chronic hepatitis С in Russian Federation. Detailed description of current epidemiological characteristics of acute and chronic hepatitis С in various Federal regions and in different age groups is provided. The authors discuss the most probable transmission routs of HCV and its genotype distribution in Russia. Critical problems of laboratory diagnosis and hepatitis С surveillance are reviewed. There is an urgent need for introduction of HCV RNA as a routine confirmatory test for acute and chronic hepatitis С as well as introduction of Viral Hepatitis Registry for HCV patients throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
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Saenko, V. S. Saenko, A. Z. Vinarov Vinarov, Yu L. Demidko Demidko, R. V. Puchenkin Puchenkin, M. A. Gazimiev Gazimiev, and P. V. Glybochko Glybochko. "Features of the mineral composition of urinary stones depending on the region of residence, gender and age in the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan." Urologiia 3_2023 (July 5, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2023.3.5-12.
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Baindurashvili, Alexey G. "Andrey Ivanovich Krasnov. 29.04.1947–15.11.2021." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors88835.
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On November 15, 2021, at the age of 75, an outstanding orthopedic traumatologist, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Educational and Methodological Department of the FSBI "NMIC of Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics named after G. I. Turner" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, associate Professor of the Department of Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics of the I. I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia Andrey Ivanovich Krasnov passed away.
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Nordqvist, Kerkko, and Vesa-Pekka Herva. "Copper Use, Cultural Change and Neolithization in North-Eastern Europe (c. 5500–1800 BC)." European Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 3 (2013): 401–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957113y.0000000036.
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In the context of northern Europe, copper use started early in eastern Fennoscandia (Finland and the Republic of Karelia, Russia), sometime after 4000 BC. This article explores this Stone Age copper use in eastern Fennoscandia in relation to broader cultural developments in the region between the adoption of pottery (c. 5500 BC) and the end of the Stone Age (c. 1800 BC). Stone Age copper use in north-eastern Europe has conventionally been understood in terms of technology or exchange, whereas this article suggests that the beginning of copper use was linked to more fundamental changes in the perception of, and engagement with, the material world. These changes were associated with the Neolithization of eastern Fennoscandia, which started earlier than has traditionally been thought. It is also argued that the adoption, use, and manipulation of new materials played an active role in the emergence of the Neolithic world in north-eastern Europe and beyond. Also, issues related to the Finno–Russian border dividing up eastern Fennoscandia and its effects on the study of early metal use and other prehistoric cultural processes are discussed.
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Bukhtiyarov, Igor V., Galina I. Tikhonova, Anastasiya N. Churanova, and Tatyana Yu Gorchakova. "Temporal disability of employees in the Russian Federation." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-1-4-18.
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Introduction. In conditions of shortage of labor resources, strengthening and preserving the health of the economically active population of Russia is of particular importance, and among the priorities of health care development is the task of reducing the level of labor losses, including due to temporary disability (TD) of workers due to diseases and injuries. The study aims to study the dynamics of age and gender characteristics of temporary disability among workers as an essential source of data on the health status of the working population of Russia. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the dynamics of indicators of the frequency of cases of TD and the average duration of one point of temporary disability of employees for 2014-2018. Also, the scientists analyzed the intermediate data on temporary disability for five years for the leading causes of diseases, depending on age and gender. In addition, the experts conducted research based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (form 16-TD) and information from Rosstat. Results. During 2014-2018, the incidence of TD due to diseases decreased by 1.5% in men and 3.3% in women while reducing the average duration of one case of the disease (by 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively). The frequency of TD due to injuries decreased by 14.2% in men and 8.3% in women, with a slight increase in the average duration of one case. In the structure of TD in men and women, four classes of diseases (diseases of the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, and digestive organs) accounted for 70-80% of the total number of cases of TD. For most classes, experts recorded the frequency of temporary disability in men 1.1-1.5 times less than in women with higher average duration of temporary disability. Conclusions. Researchers established significant age and gender differences in the frequency and duration of temporary disability due to diseases and injuries, which must be considered when developing preventive programs.
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Десфонтейнес, Лариса Григорьевна, and Елена Викторовна Корчагина. "Labor Market in Russia: Characteristics of Age and Gender Structure." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.69.25.040.
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Структурные изменения рынка труда выступают основным фактором изменений в современной экономике. Ведущим демографическим фактором является старение населения и увеличение трудоспособного возраста. Структурный анализ трудоспособного населения позволяет определить тенденции и перспективы развития рынка труда. Изучение потенциала женского труда, определение его места и значения в экономике страны является актуальной проблемой, раскрываемой в статье. На основании анализа статистических данных демографических изменений на рынке труда Российской Федерации делается прогноз использования трудового потенциала населения и приводится обоснование использования женского труда в старшей группе трудоспособного населения. Structural changes in labor market are seen as the main factor of changes in modern economy. Ageing of population and increase of active working age are the leading demographic factors. The structural analysis of working population enables us to determine trends and prospects of labor market development. Studying the potential of female labor, defining its place and role in national economy is a topical problem discussed in the research. On the basis of the analysis of the statistics concerning demographic labor market changes in the Russian Federation we forecast the use of labor potential of the population and substantiate the application of female labor in the senior group of able-bodied population.
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Kovaleva, Olesya. "Migration trends in the Arctic zone of Russia in 2012-2019." Population 24, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.12.
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The study focuses on long-term migration in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The Arctic migration trends are very different from those observed in the rest of the Russian Federation. All attractive Arctic territories are washout ones, which means that people do not stay there forever. Migration trends in the Arctic are understudied, almost all demographic studies with a few exceptions have been carried out by regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis was based on the data from the Rosstat Database of indicators by municipal formations. We used indicators of population number, number of arrivals and departures by flows (migration in total, inter-regional, intra-regional, international) and by 69 municipalities that make up the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to show heterogeneity of the Arctic municipal formations and to develop a typology of the territories. The paper singles out the correlation between migration preferences of young people aged 15-19 years and the access to a university in the municipality. In general, the Arctic is unattractive for young people, and even the access to a university does not correlate with migration growth in all cities, except for Arkhangelsk. We have discovered which territories are the most attractive for different age groups of migrants. This information is important for territorial development strategies. Based on the research results, we can identify several important trends: concentration of population in big multi-profile cities, depopulation of inter-city territories, symmetry of economic and migration attractiveness of the region, relative stability of already developed territories with rather favorable natural and climatic conditions.
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Myhre, Marthe Handå. "Forced migrant “compatriots” from Ukraine: Accessing legal residency and citizenship in the Russian Federation." Nationalities Papers 46, no. 6 (November 2018): 1028–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2018.1488828.
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This paper examines the Russian migration and citizenship regime as encountered by forced migrants from Ukraine who fled to Russia during the period of 2014–2016. Based on legal and other official documents, media articles, and interviews, it gives an account of these migrants' reception in Russia in theory and practice. Russia made great efforts to accommodate them, and in Russian media they were often spoken of as an easily integrated labor resource and as potential citizens. In 2015–2016, around 165,000 Ukrainians acquired Russian citizenship. While ethno-cultural similarity does privilege Ukrainian migrants in Russia, full asylum has been granted sparingly, and citizenship is not unconditionally granted. As this paper shows, Russian authorities have rather tried to control and distribute these forced migrants for the benefit of the state, according to principles of selectivity and economic interests — giving privileged access to permanent residency and citizenship to working-age people willing to settle in regions where population growth and more workers are deemed necessary. However, permanent residency and citizenship are also available to those able to circumvent or pay their way through the obstacles encountered — taking advantage of the flexibility inherent in a system that is not totally consistent.
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Arkhipova, L. S., and I. V. Gorokhova. "The Impact of Migration Processes on Economic Security and Space Development of Russia." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (June 8, 2022): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-3-119-133.
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The topicality of researching specific features of migration processes on the territory of the Russian Federation deals with the rising role of economic security in providing strategic priorities of states in the period of growing tension in the world. Apart from that, such factors as unfavorable demographic situation, changes in the age structure of the population, adverse trends on labour market of many regions, shortage of labour, etc. become more and more important. It increases academic and practical interest in researching migration processes on different territorial levels, including the sphere of national and economic security. The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation N 208 dated May 13, 2017 ‘Concerning Strategy of Economic Security in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030’ defined optimization of labour migration flows based on needs of national economy as one of key objectives of realizing the trend dealing with the development of state governance system, forecasting and strategic planning in economy. This document among indicators characterizing economic security focuses on the tension factor on labour market, the share of employable people in the total population and distribution of those employed by the level of education. The Degree of the President of the Russian Federation N 400 dated July 2, 2021 ‘Concerning Strategy of National Security of the Russian Federation’ points out that attaining goals of economic security of the Russian Federation is realized by solution of such important problems as cutting differentiation of entities of the Russian Federation by the level and rate of social and economic development, standard of living, motivating the development of economic potential in regions, strengthening of their budget support. Migration processes are included in the zone of such problem solution. They can cause even higher territorial differentiation in regions, a drop in the standard of life or, on the contrary, reduce territorial inequality and improve space development of the country. In view of national and economic security external migration is more important, as it influences many social and economic aspects taking place in the country. But whether migration processes inside the country can affect economic security of Russia is still a debatable issue.
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Solov’eva, N. V., E. V. Makarova, V. B. Vil’yanov, S. A. Kremenitskaya, S. V. Chausova, and I. V. Kichuk. "Socio-demographic portrait of transsexual patients in Russia." Medical Council, no. 6 (April 28, 2019): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-6-148-153.
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Transsexualism is a distress caused by a discrepancy between a person’s gender identity and sex assigned at birth. Theme of transsexualism has a strong resonance in society today. This phenomenon is significant both for the law system and for the health care system of the state. There is no statistics information on transgender people in Russian Federation. The author’s goal was to draw a socio-demographic portrait of patients with an established diagnosis of transsexualism. The following conclusions were made: the number of MtF and FtM patients searching for medical care is equal; age of the transition is 26.6 years; age of selfidentification in the opposite gender is 10.2 years; most MtF take HRT on their own initative; transsexual persons are distinguished by a high level of education, large variety of professional activities, a low percentage of registered marriages, and comparable to the general population onset of sexual life.
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Maximova, N. M., T. N. Yakimova, S. S. Markina, K. A. Yatskovsky, and S. E. Aduguzelov. "Diphtheria in Russia in the 21st Century." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 16, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-5-4-15.
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Objective: evaluate the incidence of diphtheria in Russia from the beginning of mass immunization of children to date and analysis of long-term studies of coverage of vaccination and the state of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity of the population. Materials and methods. Presents the incidence of diphtheria in 1955 - 2016 and analysis of the condition of antidiphtheria antitoxic immunity of the population of Russia (2010 - 2016) according to seromonitoring of the 83 subjects of the Russian Federation. We examined 367 031 people, of which 65 557 children, 74 033 teenagers and 277 441 adults and examined 13 785 control of blood serum of indicator groups of 52 subjects of the Russian Federation (2 888 children, teenagers and adults 1 639 - 9 258 people) to assess the uality of seromonitoring in the subjects of the Russian Federation and the data associated with the level of previtali of the population. The level of antitoxic antidiphtheria immunity was determined using the reaction of passive hemagglutination antigen of the antigenic. The immunity level was evaluated by the content of medium and high titers of antibodies in serum. The aggregation of data in the work were used the methods of parametric statistics. Results and discussion. Before 1959, in Russia the incidence of iphtheria was very high - 68 0 - 93 0 per 100 thousand population Mass immunization of children was carried out only since 1959 (decree No. 323 «On the elimination of the incidence of diphtheria in the USSR», approved by the USSR health Ministry, 1959 June 23). After the introduction of the Order of the mass immunization of children since 1959, the incidence began to decline sharply - annually by 30 - 40%. In 1968, the incidence rate was 0.89 and in 1975 - 0.03. Total sick 51. However, from 1980 to 1985 marked rise in the incidence (0.2 - 0.9) were mostly ill adults, and since 1990 began a new expansion of morbidity. In 1994, the incidence rate was equal to 26.8 per 100 thousand population. Was 39 703 cases, died 1 104 people, of whom 254 of the child. according to the Ministry of health report the reason for the rise - sereznye deficiencies in the organization and conduct of immunization. After the mass immunization of the entire population in 1993 - 1995 the incidence began to decline after the 2nd booster vaccination in adults (2005) incidence rates were at the level of hundredths per 100 thousand population - 0.06 - -0.01 and in 2011 at the evel of thousandths - 0.006 - 0.001. Since 2009 was not registered fatal cases. The level of immunization of the population of the Russian Federation from 2005 - 2016. was consistently high in children, 96.6 - 97.1% among adolescents of 96.8 - 99.6% in adults in total and by age groups, consistent with the requirements of the who - 97.7 - 98.3%. Information on high levels of vaccination coverage are confirmed by the results of serological monitoring and data control studies of serum. In 2010 - 2015 in children antibody on the protective level was identified 95.2± 0.2% 97.0 ± 0.15% serum in high tension immunity (77.1 ± 0.37% 88.5 ± 0.3%); among teenagers - 97.6 ± 0.13% 98.2 ± 0.12% and 88.1 ± 0.26% - 91.0 ± 0.26%; in adults 91.1 ± 0.17% - 94.5 ± 0.19% and 74.1 ± 0.26% - 84.0 ± 0.18% respectively. By age group adults in Russia on average the condition of antidiphtheria immunity in all years was high at 96.6 ± 0.37% - 97.5% ± 0.17% and somewhat lower in older age groups - 88.0 ± 0.48% - 90.3 ± 0.43% (50 - 59, 60 years old and >). Data control studies of blood serum of children, teenagers and adults: 90.7 ± 0.89% 99.5 ± 0.5%; 92.2 ± 0.6% - 100% и 87.1 ± 1.03% 95.6 ± 0 . 64% respectively. Conclusion: long-time study of the condition of antidiphtheria immunity of the population and control studies of serum of indicator groups, allowed to estimate objectively high level of specific protection of the population against diphtheria. This has contributed to stabilizing the incidence at a sporadic level, with sporadic cases; no deaths and will continue to provide a favorable prognosis for diphtheria in the country