Journal articles on the topic 'Stock Donations'
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Guo, Hailan, and Xiaoling Xu. "Exploring the barriers that influence intention to donate and role of the charity shop within the multi-tier supply chain." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 3 (April 29, 2021): 522–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0055.
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PurposeHumanitarian relief organisations such as charities count on donations to provide assistance to people in need when disasters occur. In the UK, about 11,200 charity shops collect second-hand goods from donors to raise funds for their parent charity to support target beneficiaries. As their numbers increase, charity shops are finding it difficult to secure good quality stock. Furthermore, they may need to plan ahead to secure sufficient stock when the economy experiences a downturn. This paper identifies the charity shop's role and its donation flow in the multi-tier supply chain and empirically assesses the barriers that influence intention to donate with a mixed-methods approach.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore the charity shop's role within the multi-tier supply chain, this study begins with a literature review and then develops a conceptual model. In order to empirically evaluate the barriers that influence intention to donate, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 charity shop managers and collected 222 usable questionnaires from donors. The interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach was applied to examine the interrelationship among barriers and rank their priority.FindingsThis paper identifies ten significant barriers that influence intention to donate: lack of good quality items for donation; lack of information on how charity shops make use of donations; lack of familiarity with the donation process; lack of information of what items can be accepted by charity shops; lack of awareness of the impact that donations make; the difficulty of being available at the scheduled times for charity shops' free pick-up services; the difficulty of donating during shops' opening hours; the difficulty of finding parking to access charity shops; and living too far away from charity shops. In particular, the questionnaires' results indicate that lack of good quality items is the most significant barrier. This is also reflected in the ISM model, and thus needs more attention.Practical implicationsThe results are very useful for charity shops themselves to understand current barriers to securing good quality stock and to develop potential stock-securing interventions based on these barriers' priority.Originality/valueAlthough charity shops have been investigated by several researchers, their supply chain remains insufficiently explored. This paper fills this gap by identifying the charity shop's role and its donation flow in the supply chain and by empirically assessing the supply-side barriers with a mixed-methods approach.
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Ayu Indriyani, Dwi, and Erina Sudaryati. "Pengaruh Keragaman Gender Dewan, Industri dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Donasi Corporate Social Responsibility." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 30, no. 8 (August 25, 2020): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i08.p09.
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Business developments that embrace the concept of a triple bottom line (TBL) encourage companies to pay attention to environmental and social challenges rather than just focus on maximum profits. Companies must contribute by making donations in corporate social responsibility activities or known as corporate philanthropy as a form of accountability to stakeholders. Research on the factor of board gender diversity, industry type and company size on CSR donations. This research uses multiple regression method. The research sample uses companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange period 2017-2018. The results showed that the board gender diversity and the type of industry had a significant effect on CSR donations, while the size of the company had no significant effect.
Keywords: Board Gender Diversity; Firm Size; Industry Type; Donation On Corporate Social Responsibility.
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Hoi, Chun-Keung (Stan), Jun Xiong, and Hong Zou. "Ownership identity and corporate donations: evidence from a natural experiment in China." China Finance Review International 10, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-11-2019-0154.
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Purpose Taking advantage of the 2008 Sichuan Great Earthquake as a natural experiment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the motives and effects of corporate donations by focusing on how firm ownership identity as the first-order governance mechanism affects the motives and effects of disaster relief donations. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct regressions and market event studies, and use matching to address the confounding effects of differences in firm characteristics. Findings The authors hypothesize that private firms that are better governed than state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are more likely to donate for value maximization. Consistent with this, the authors find that private firms are more likely to donate to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake and donate more than SOEs. The effects of secondary governance variables in the donation determinant models (e.g. board independence and managerial ownership) are more consistent with the value maximization argument. While short-term market reaction to donation announcement is not significant for private firms, it is lower when SOEs make a large donation. Consistent with the hypothesis, the authors find that over the 24–36 months following the donation, private donors realize a higher abnormal stock return. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the debate over the merits/costs of corporate donations and helps better understand how SOEs and private firms (particularly family-owned firms) differ in their governance and financial decision-making. Practical implications Both managers from private firms and SOEs can use the findings of this study to better guide their donation and other philanthropic decisions. Originality/value This study is the first to examine both the motives and effects of corporate donations by both private and SOEs taking advantage of the 2008 Sichuan, thereby significantly extending prior related studies.
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Lopo Martinez, Antonio, Hettore Sias Telles, and Viviane Chiachio. "Corporate electoral donations and tax aggressiveness." RAUSP Management Journal 55, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rausp-01-2019-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether companies that donate to winning electoral campaigns are more aggressive in terms of tax planning than companies that do not make these contributions. The relationship between politicians and companies may be signaled by political connections in which companies try to get political benefits in exchange for providing politicians with campaign financing. The hypothesis is that a quid pro quo occurs in which these companies benefit from favorable tax treatment that reduces their relative tax burden. Design/methodology/approach The focus of this study is donations that were made in the presidential elections of 2010 and 2014. The sample covers the period between 2010 and 2016 for companies listed on the B3 Stock Exchange, using proxies for tax aggressiveness computed based on value-added reporting. Through linear regressions, the authors have tested whether the companies that made these campaign contributions tend to have a lower tax burden. Findings The proposed hypothesis was confirmed, revealing that a political connection between campaign donations reduces the tax burden for donating companies during the years following the election. These donations appear to depict an environment characterized by an exchange of favors in which the donating companies exhibit greater tax aggressiveness than non-donating companies. Originality/value The current study deals with a subject that has not yet been examined empirically in Brazil and reinforces the position adopted by the Supreme Court in prohibiting campaign donations to inhibit quid pro quo practices. The study offers additional arguments for the criminalization of the so-called “second set of books” used to record electoral campaign contributions.
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Jenslin, J. Esther, P. Sahaya Jenitha, and S. Sri Selva Meenakshi. "Authentication of Unused Medicine Domination for NGOs." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2021.100233.
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This project aims to donate medicines which are unused. The unused medicine can be donated for further utilization by a needy person. This application helps the user to donate unused medicines to NGO. Admin will login and manage members by deleting and blocking the users providing improper or expired medicines. Admin has to verify the uploaded image for their expiry date.NGO manages the stock which helps to maintain a record of the available medicine. Members can also check their previous data of medicine transactions. The donation of unused medicines is not accepted worldwide, although it is legal in some countries. A constant increase in the rate of prescription writing has prompted several charity organizations to collect a growing number of unused medicines. WHO guidelines for drug donations discourage donation of unused medicines, as this may create a number of problems. Detrimental effects of drug donations for use in emergency situations have been reported, as the arrival of unsorted, useless and expired medicines requires management and sorting, which may take up the time of health workers and eventually lead to the appearance of these drugs on the black market. However, cases of regulated donations have been reported in the USA, where several states have adopted laws in order to facilitate the redistribution of unused drugs to indigent and uninsured patients.This project aims to donate medicines which are unused. The unused medicine can be donated for further utilization by a needy person. This application helps the user to donate unused medicines to NGO. Admin will login and manage members by deleting and blocking the users providing improper or expired medicines. Admin has to verify the uploaded image for their expiry date.NGO manages the stock which helps to maintain a record of the available medicine.Members can also check their previous data of medicine transactions.
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Choi, Manseek, and Soonwook Hong. "Another Form of Greenwashing: The Effects of Chaebol Firms’ Corporate Governance Performance on the Donations." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063373.
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Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics are widely used to measure the firms’ social performance. In this regard, donation expenses are one of the outcomes for the firms’ effort to build, grow, and maintain the social value. However, firms may expense a trivial or minimum amount of donations, considering the corporate size, in order to disguise themselves as a “good company”. In this paper, exploiting 2010–2019 Korean Stock Exchange (KSE) market listed companies’ financials and ESG scores, we examine whether Chaebol firms with good governance “actually” spend more donation expenses. We predict and find that good governance does not actually lead to greater donation expenses among Chaebol firms, despite the positive relations between governance and donation expenses in general. Overall, our findings highlight that good Chaebol companies determined by ESG metrics may not be real charitable companies. Our findings provide counterevidence against the notion that firms with a higher ESG score are more likely to be charitable.
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Barnes, Spencer. "Killing in the stock market: Evidence from organ donations." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 32 (December 2021): 100563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100563.
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Kwon, Gee Jung. "The Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility: Focusing on Donation Expenditure." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (July 7, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p1.
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<p>This paper investigates the value relevance of corporate social responsibility. In particular, the paper examines the time lag value relevance of donation expenditure on firm value over the period of 2000–2014 in the listed Korean stock markets. Through empirical analysis, the paper provides evidence that donation expenditure has a significant effect on future firm value.</p><p>The empirical results of this paper support research hypothesis 1 (donation expenses have an effect on firm value) and research hypothesis 2 (donation expenses have a time lag effect on firms’ future value). In particular, the results show that donation expenses have an effect on firm value and the time lag interval is from two to 12 years. These results suggest that donation expenses can be regarded as assets that have potential for firms’ future cash flows.</p><p>The empirical evidence of this paper suggests there should be debate on whether the accounting treatment of donations should be changed in Korean accounting practices. </p>
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Naseha, Atik Dina, Nur’Aini Purnamaningsih, and Kuswanto Hardjo. "GAMBARAN PENDONOR DARAH DI UTD PMI KABUPATEN BANTUL TAHUN 2020." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v16i3.1228.
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At the end of 2019, it was found that there was a very fast mutating virus called the Covid-19 virus, this virus causes diseases ranging from coughs to colds to death, efforts to prevent the spread of this virus by limiting the social scale of the community which causes a decrease in the number of blood donors which has an impact on the amount of blood stock in Blood Donation Unit. The objective of this study was to determine the description of blood donors based on blood type, gender, age, and type of donor at Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency in 2020. This study was an activity report by observing secondary data obtained from Blood Donation Unit Bantul Regency. The number of donors was 8.212 donors, of which the number of donations from inside the building was 5.936 donors (72,28%), and the number of donations from mobile units was 2.276 donors (27,72%). The results showed that the majority of blood donors were blood group 0, which was 3.506 (42,69%), and the least blood type was AB, which was 468 (5.70%). The majority of the gender of the donor was male, namely 7.020 (85,48%), for female, 1.192 (14,52%). The majority of donors are aged 17-24 years, namely 1.738 (21,16%), and at least 65 years old 45 (0,55%). The majority of voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%), and the subtitute/ family donors were 1.034 (12,59%). There were 8.212 blood donors where the majority of blood group 0 was 3.506 (42,69%), male sex was 7.020 (85,48%), in the 17-24 year age group 1.738 (21,16%), and repeated voluntary donors were 5.151 (62,73%).
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List, John A., and Yana Peysakhovich. "Charitable donations are more responsive to stock market booms than busts." Economics Letters 110, no. 2 (February 2011): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.10.016.
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Kuts, O. I. "Dedications and autographs on the rare stock books of the Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of SB RAS." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7575-2021-2-35-40.
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Today it is widely practiced to exhibit autographs, inscriptions at exhibitions in museums, institutions of science, education and culture. This is due to the increased interest in the history of scientific research, personal and official relation-ships of people, and testifies to the urgency of the problem, that requires the attention of specialists.According to Brockhaus and Efron, «the autographs of famous scientists, writers and poets constitute the true treasure of libraries ...» (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, St. Petersburg, 1890. T. 1, p. 123). Autographs, inscriptions on books can serve as an additional source of information about any author’s life, era, scientific or cultural phenomenon. In the libraries of the Academy of Sciences, one can find literature with autographs, donation inscriptions of scientists, various notes.The purpose of the article is to bring to the readers some autographs, inscripts, their content, handwriting of prominent Russian scientists on books from the library stock of the Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS (СSL ISC SB RAS) (previously – the library of the East-Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences), to tell about these books and their authors destinies. Responses to the article will help to determine the authorship of unidentified inscriptions.In the course of the work, there were exposed and identified de visu books with autographs, donations (inscriptions) to the library from authors, to scientists from colleagues and owner’s inscriptions; the analysis of library materials was carried out, an attempt was made to systematize written sources with autographs and donations. At the second stage of the work, an electronic database was being compiled - the Catalog of Rare Books in EC IRBIS, which can be found on the library website.
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Lima, Aline Cristina Figueiredo, Joaquim Nylson Santos Silva, Roseane Mara Cardoso Lima Verde, Matheus Hipólito do Nascimento, Joacilda da Conceição Nunes, Leonardo Ferreira Soares, and Evaldo Hipólito de Oliveira. "Epidemiological profile of blood donors diagnosed with syphilis in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 9 (2018): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.050917.
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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. In the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, the units of the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Piauí (HEMOPI) receive blood donations to maintain the stock of blood and its derivatives. This study aimed to obtain epidemiological data on the frequency of syphilis in blood donors in the State of Piauí, from 2008 to 2013. This is a descriptive retrospective research based on secondary data with quantitative and exploratory analysis, in which the variables age, gender, school level, marital status, occupation, and municipality where the participants reside were recorded, analyzing the prevalence of syphilis in donors. A total of 233,927 volunteer donations were considered, of which 4,118 were positive for syphilis. The prevalence (1.76%) was analyzed using the ELISA technique, and it was relatively low among blood donations in comparison to other states. The most frequent donations were made by students in the Municipality of Teresina, downtown, and there was a statistically significant association for men, age group of 40-49 years, incomplete elementary school and married marital status. Therefore, it was concluded that the prevalence of syphilis in the State of Piauí is lower than in other states and that updated epidemiological data on the presence of syphilis in blood samples from blood donors has been generated.
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Cruz, Joan Paola, William J. Guerrero Rueda, Edna Rocío Pérez, David Leonardo Lizarazo Walteros, Paula Carolina Rico Ardila, Ana María Castillo, and Laura Natalia Torres Tinjacá. "Kidney Procurement System in Colombia: A System Dynamics Approach." Gerencia y Políticas de Salud 18, no. 36 (May 23, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.rgps18-36.kpsc.
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Objective: This paper presents an analysis of two regulatory proposals in response to the growing demand for kidney transplants in Colombia. The results can be useful in evaluating these possible policy interventions once they have been implemented. Methods: The proposed model uses System Dynamics as a tool to understand the behavior of this complex social system if two intervention projects are executed. The first is a bill of law seeking to expand the legal presumption of organ donation. The second one is to implement a Kidney Exchange Program. The analysis is made in two parts. Firstly, a causal loop diagram is proposed. Secondly, the simulation of the system using a stock and flow diagram is analyzed. Results: Results show that the projects can balance the system and encourage donations. Conclusion: The implementation of a KEP is recommended since it achieves stability of the system earlier than the amendment to the law, with a reduction in the waiting list size.
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Ghosh, Sudip, and Maretno A. Harjoto. "Insiders' personal stock donations from the lens of stakeholder, stewardship and agency theories." Business Ethics: A European Review 20, no. 4 (September 21, 2011): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2011.01633.x.
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Lam, Sze-Sing, Pauline Hie-Yiin Hung, and Samuel Ping-Man Choi. "Corporate Philanthropy and Firm Performance Relationship – Socio- Political and Government Control Effects." Asian Journal of Business and Accounting 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 41–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no1.2.
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Manuscript type: Research Paper Research aims: This study aims to examine the impacts of socialpolitical context and government control on the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm performance using the listed firms’ data on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX). Design/Methodology/Approach: This study uses multiple regression analysis to study the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm performance using 2012-2018 Hong Kong listed firm data. Empirical results show a positive association between the current and lagged corporate philanthropy and financial performance. Subgroup analysis shows that the relationship is contingent on the socio-political and government control factors. Our subgroup analysis reveals that Hong Kong firms benefit more from corporate philanthropy than Mainland China firms, and non-government control mainland private firms have a stronger positive relationship than the state-owned enterprises. Our results support social impact theory and political connection theory. Theoretical contribution/Originality: Our study bridges the gap of prior studies on the philanthropy-corporate finance relationship by isolating the separate effect of socio-political context impact and government ownership. We believe we are the first study in this respect. Our findings validate the results of prior studies in general and suggest the empirical results based on transitional economy data is, to some extent, generalisable. Practitioner/Policy implication: Contemporary data provides empirical evidences that corporate philanthropy could elicit positive responses from stakeholders to bolster corporate financial performance, except firms under government control. The positive impact of donation was immediate with a lasting effect as suggested in the literature and the result would be relevant for regulators in formulating policies regarding corporate social performance. Research limitation/Implication: Similar to previous studies, corporate philanthropy is proxy by the monetary amount of donation in this study. However, the context of corporate philanthropy very often goes beyond monetary donations and the findings may not apply to firms making substantial non-monetary donations. Keywords: Corporate Philanthropy, Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Performance, Socio-political Context, State-owned Enterprises. JEL Classification: M14
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Odoemelam, Ndubuisi, Grace Nyereugwu Ofoegbu, and Chioma Ojukwu. "Moderating Role of Negative Earnings on Firm Size and Corporate Social Responsibility Relationship: Evidence from Listed Firms on Nigeria Stock Exchange." Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v4i1.221.
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The fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has called for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Thus, Nigerian businesses, such as in the petroleum and financial industries, have provided hospital donations and $30 million assistance among others to mitigate COVID-19. We investigated the moderating role of negative earnings in firm size–CSR relationship. We used content and logistic panel regression analyses on a sample of 100 firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). First, we confirmed a positive firm size–CSR relationship (stakeholders’ expectation hypothesis). Second, we found that earnings loss negatively affects stakeholders’ expectation hypothesis. The study suggests that big firms are likely to negatively respond to the clarion call for donations for COVID-19 due to negative earnings. However, our robustness test revealed that old firms positively respond to CSR activities despite earnings loss. Our study results contribute important insights into the current debate concerning the effect of earnings loss on CSR activities. Corporate managers are encouraged to participate in social activities by contributing their resources for human race sustainability and community development, hence enabling stakeholders to highly value their work, money, support, and societal acceptance.
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Abdullah, Rose, and Abdul Ghafar Ismail. "Taking stock of the waqf-based Islamic microfinance model." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 8 (August 7, 2017): 1018–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2015-0176.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore two main aspects of waqf: the characteristics of waqf property and the management of waqf. This paper also discusses the governance of waqf management as a source of funds for Islamic microfinance institutions (MFIs). Design/methodology/approach This research uses content analysis method to examine various literatures that discuss the concept and management of waqf. Findings The characteristics of cash waqf such as permanence, irrevocability and perpetuity differentiate waqf from other type of donations. Therefore, cash waqf-based Islamic microfinance needs to be sustainable. Good corporate governance is vital to ensure the sustainability. As the donors of cash waqf do not aim to make financial profit, waqf-based Islamic MFIs will be able to provide low-cost capital to the poor entrepreneurs. Furthermore, to ensure the perpetuity of the waqf, it is suggested that only revenue from the waqf property should be used for microfinance fund. Social implications The cash waqf-based Islamic microfinance will help the micro entrepreneurs to get low-cost capital without collateral. At the same time, public can donate any amount they afford to contribute to cash waqf. Originality/value The creation of a cash waqf-based Islamic MFI must observe the issues of agency conflicts and the right of stakeholders to a transparent management. This paper emphasizes the importance of good governance in managing the waqf property as a source of fund for Islamic MFIs.
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Maqsood, Haider, Muazzam Maqsood, Sadaf Yasmin, Irfan Mehmood, Jihoon Moon, and Seungmin Rho. "Analyzing the Stock Exchange Markets of EU Nations: A Case Study of Brexit Social Media Sentiment." Systems 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10020024.
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Stock exchange analysis is regarded as a stochastic and demanding real-world setting in which fluctuations in stock prices are influenced by a wide range of aspects and events. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in social media-based data analytics for analyzing stock exchange markets. This is due to the fact that the sentiments around major global events like Brexit or COVID-19 significantly affect business decisions and investor perceptions, as well as transactional trading statistics and index values. Hence, in this research, we examined a case study from the Brexit event to assess the influence that feelings on the subject have had on the stock markets of European Union (EU) nations. Brexit has implications for Britain and other countries under the umbrella of the European Union (EU). However, a common point of debate is the EU’s contribution preferences and benefit imbalance. For this reason, the Brexit event and its impact on stock markets for major contributors and countries with minimum donations need to be evaluated accurately. As a result, to achieve accurate analysis of the stock exchanges of different EU nations from two different viewpoints, i.e., the major contributors and countries contributing least, in response to the Brexit event, we suggest an optimal deep learning and machine learning model that incorporates social media sentiment analysis regarding Brexit to perform stock market prediction. More precisely, the machine learning-based models include support vector machines (SVM) and linear regression (LR), while convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used as a deep learning model. In addition, this method incorporates around 1.82 million tweets regarding the major contributors and countries contributing least to the EU budget. The findings show that sentiment analysis of Brexit events using a deep learning model delivers better results in comparison with machine learning models, in terms of root mean square values (RMSE). The outcomes of stock exchange analysis for the least contributing nations in relation to the Brexit event can aid them in making stock market judgments that will eventually benefit their country and improve their poor economies. Likewise, the results of stock exchange analysis for major contributing nations can assist in lowering the possibility of loss in relation to investments, as well as helping them to make effective decisions.
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Nawsheen Zahan, Aklima Sultana Bithi, Pranab Karmaker, Kazy Ebnul Hasan, Farjana Khanam, Akashlynn Badruddoza, Meghdeep Badruddoza, and Arup Kumar Saha. "Management of medical store in a tertiary level public hospital in Dhaka city." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0343.
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Cross-sectional descriptive study at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to December 2013. This study evaluated the medical supply chain in a Dhaka public tertiary hospital. Respondents were hospital shop employees who kept data on medicine procurement, storage, and distribution. 51-59-year-olds made up 36.6% of respondents. 68.3% of the store's workforce were pharmacists. 82.9% of respondents have a diploma or degree. 70% of personnel lacked retail management training. The investigated store had no AC or chiller. Store had a fridge. The pharmacy's drug procurement and selection committee was present. More than half (55%) of drugs were purchased using open tender. Direct purchases made up 30%, donations 13%, and other methods 2%. The store has an expiration-date section. The store contains updated volatile drug storage, safety stock, a stock ledger, vouchers, and invoicing. The shop had no electronic ledger. Lack of space, shelves, a damp or cracked wall, and a refrigerator were issues. Labor was scarce. Shop managers say improve quality management. During the drug receiving procedure, analytical testing ensures preservation and efficacy. Store management in our nation can be improved by giving refresher training on regulations and legislation and maintaining an electronic ledger via a database system.
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Tanaka, Yuji, Ayako Yamato, Naoko Yaji, and Masayuki Yamato. "A Simple Stock of Optical Glasses for a Catastrophic Disaster: Eyewear Donations after the 2011 Pacific Coast Tohoku Earthquake." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 227, no. 2 (2012): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.227.93.
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Bayai, Innocent, and Sylvanus Ikhide. "Financing and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs): a conceptual view." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(2).2016.03.
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Recent evidence shows that MFI financing continues to evolve with an increased inclination towards commercial financing. Taking stock on MFI financing and refocusing on the relationship between financing options and financial sustainability (FS) is unavoidable. The authors consummated a literature review based on complementing the little evidence on the subject with both theoretical and implied evidence from related studies in unpacking the relationship. Though donations are losing grip as a popular MFI financing option, review of literature recommends smart subsidies to spur FS and counter inefficiency, mis-targetting, dependency and distortions. As much as debt addresses agency problems and endorses FS, it has to be kept within limits to curb liquidation and mission drift. Deposit attraction augments FS and outreach, though MFIs must prepare to foot licensing costs, otherwise, mission drift ensues. Equity, though scarce in microfinance, is cheap and additive to FS. The authors suggest that MFIs should consider commercial funding, whilst keeping a check on the downside of each commercial financing option to augment FS and multiply outreach
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Tran, Dan N., Imran Manji, Benson Njuguna, Jemima Kamano, Jeremiah Laktabai, Edith Tonui, Rajesh Vedanthan, and Sonak Pastakia. "Solving the problem of access to cardiovascular medicines: revolving fund pharmacy models in rural western Kenya." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 11 (November 2020): e003116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003116.
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Availability of medicines for treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is low in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Supply chain models to improve the availability of quality CVD medicines in LMIC communities are urgently required. Our team established contextualised revolving fund pharmacies (RFPs) in rural western Kenya, whereby an initial stock of essential medicines was obtained through donations or purchase and then sold at a small mark-up price sufficient to replenish drug stock and ensure sustainability. In response to different contexts and levels of the public health system in Kenya (eg, primary versus tertiary), we developed and implemented three contextualised models of RFPs over the past decade, creating a network of 72 RFPs across western Kenya, that supplied 22 categories of CVD medicines and increased availability of essential CVD medications from <30% to 90% or higher. In one representative year, we were able to successfully supply 5 793 981 units of CVD and diabetes medicines to patients in western Kenya. The estimated programme running cost was US$6.5–25 per patient, serving as a useful benchmark for public governments to invest in medication supply chain systems in LMICs going forward. One important lesson that we have learnt from implementing three different RFP models over the past 10 years has been that each model has its own advantages and disadvantages, and we must continue to stay nimble and modify as needed to determine the optimal supply chain model while ensuring consistent access to essential CVD medications for patients living in these settings.
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Musleh Alsartawi, Abdalmuttaleb. "Does it pay to be socially responsible? Empirical evidence from the GCC countries." International Journal of Law and Management 62, no. 5 (June 12, 2020): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-11-2018-0255.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the financial performance (profitability and market value) of firms listed in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’ stock markets. Design/methodology/approach The sample of the study consisted of all the listed companies in the GCC bourses for the period of 2010-2017. CSR was calculated by using the total amount of donations and charity disclosed in the financial reports. The three performance proxies used as the dependent variables included return on assets (ROA; profitability), return on equity (ROE; profitability) and Tobin’s Q (market value). Findings This study found that the UAE had the highest level of CSR compared to the other GCC countries. Additionally, the findings showed a negative and significant relationship between CSR and ROA, and a positive and significant relationship between CSR and Tobin’s Q. Practical implications In addition to other reforms, this paper recommends the GCC governments to impose a CSR framework and SMART platforms in line with the UAE’s initiatives. Originality/value This paper offers new contributions to the GCC literature and recommendations to their firms and governments.
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Hanifa, Abi, and Fitra Roman Cahaya. "Ethical communication on society issues: a story from Indonesia." Journal of Global Responsibility 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-09-2015-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)-listed companies’ society disclosures. Design/methodology/approach Year-ending 2012 annual report disclosures of 75 IDX-listed companies are analyzed. The widely acknowledged Global Reporting Initiative guidelines are used as the disclosure index checklist. Findings The results show a relatively low level of voluntary society disclosure (40.27 per cent). The highest level of communication is for issues related to society programs. Very few companies disclosed information about public policy, donations to political parties and actions taken in response to corruption incidents. Statistical analysis reveals that company size is a positively significant predictor of “society” communication. Ethical stakeholder theory partially explains the variability of these disclosures. Research limitations/implications The main implication of the findings is that Indonesian companies are not involved in the public policy-making process. Companies also probably attempt to hide certain information regarding corruption issues to protect their image and reputation. Originality/value This paper provides insights into the disclosure practices of society issues, a specific social disclosure theme which is rarely examined in prior literature, within the framework of ethical stakeholder theory. The research also includes corruption issues to be investigated in the disclosure analysis.
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Türkkan, Candan. "Wasteful or sensible? Donor imageries in İstanbul’s food banks." New Perspectives on Turkey 62 (April 9, 2020): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2020.8.
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AbstractThis paper explores how the staff of İstanbul’s food banks perceive the donors and the donations. The paper begins by exploring the literature on food banks; what food banks recover and redistribute; and the role food banks play in managing food insecurity. Next, how these three issues are represented in different models of food banks are discussed: in the non-profit model, the donors are “socially aware citizens” who contribute to the common good by helping to feed the hungry; whereas, for the for-profit model they are “caring capitalists” doing their best to reduce their carbon footprint and eliminate food waste while effectively managing the costs of waste disposal. In the municipal social markets, in contrast, the donors are “prodigal consumers” who cannot make correct resource allocation decisions and waste food as a result. For all the models, the donors are predominantly individuals or households and waste generation is perceived as a consumer problem, whereas in practice the donors are mostly corporations giving away their surplus stock. The paper concludes by underlining that this misperception shifts the conversation on waste generation and management away from production and supply chain problems and disciplines individuals as consumers.
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Cheruiyot-Koech, Roselyne, and Colin David Reddy. "Corporate Social Responsibility Preferences in South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073792.
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What leads firms in South Africa (SA) to prefer specific CSR initiatives over others? The researchers analyzed secondary data from publicly available information of 231 listed firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. To determine national/institutional level preferences, ten CSR activities were identified among all firms and ranked in terms of their mean score of whether each firm participated in an activity or not. To determine industry/stakeholder influence, CSR activities were regressed against the firms’ industry. The preference for two CSR activities, education and training and enterprise development, are common across industries. This demonstrates the institutional effect of SA’s national Black economic empowerment (BEE) policy, which promotes such activities. Charitable donations, infrastructure provision, employee voluntarism and efforts in arts, culture and sports prevail in certain industries. The preferences of firms in the mining and construction industries stand out relative to other industries. Managers have to carefully select CSR activities that respond to various societal pressures. We show an example of management responses to pressures arising from both the national and industry level context. The study is the first to rank CSR activities of South African firms. We also reveal the promise of institutional theory to examine the phenomenon of CSR in the South African context.
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Zhang, Junrui, Bei Yang, Fangjun Wang, and Peng Wang. "Corporate Philanthropic Giving: Active Responsibility Or Passive Ingratiation? Evidence From Chinese Family-Controlled Listed Companies." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 3 (April 30, 2012): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i3.6959.
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This paper examines the impact of political connection on family-controlled listed firms philanthropic giving activities toward the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, and stock price reactions to such activities. Using the 542 Chinese listed companies controlled by private owners as the sample, it was found that firms with political connection are more likely to donate. Besides, focusing on the 244 donating firms, it was found that there is a positive impact of the donation amount on stock price response. Whats more, the positive stock price reactions toward the donation announcement made by firms with political connection are not as strong as that of firms without such connection. Regression results indicate that although family-controlled firms with political connection are more likely to donate, their activities can not generate as much positive stock price effect as their no-political connection counterparts. These results reveal that both political interferences and market mechanisms have critical impact on corporate philanthropic behavior in China.
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Muhith, A., T. Herlambang, D. Rahmalia, and D. F. Karya. "Estimation of Packed Red Cells (PRC) in Bojonegoro blood bank using Modified Kalman Filter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2157, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2157/1/012023.
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Abstract Blood Transfusion Unit (UTD) as a blood supply provider is required to meet the demand for blood, but in reality, the blood stock does not always meet the blood demand. The blood type stocks in the Blood Transfusion Unit (UTD) relies on blood donors voluntarily donating their blood. Red blood cells only have a life span of 35 days as of the blood donation date. If overdue the blood cannot be used for transfusion. Fulfillment of the availability of blood is a very important thing. On one hand, too much blood stock results in significant losses, such as expiration. On the other hand, too low blood stock makes the people’s blood needs unfulfilled. Therefore, this paper is an effort to estimate the blood supply at Indonesian Red Cross Bojonegoro by using the Modified Kalman Filter method. The Modified Kalman Filter is a comparison of two Kalman Filter development methods, those are Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Fuzzy Kalman Filter (FKF). The simulation results showed that the EKF method was accurate than the FKF method, with an error of 3 % generated by the EKF and that of 9% by the FKF.
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Hategan, Camelia-Daniela, Ruxandra-Ioana Curea-Pitorac, and Vasile-Petru Hategan. "Responsible Communication of Romanian Companies for Ensuring Public Health in a COVID-19 Pandemic Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228526.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to respond to the threat of this risk and innovate in corporate governance. In order to reduce the risk of illness, one of the most applied measures by all companies was social distancing, but to avoid human interaction, companies had to adapt their communication strategies. The objective of the paper is to assess the risk management of Romanian-listed companies associated with COVID-19 focusing on their business communication with shareholders and stakeholders. To emphasis the communication we have chosen to analyze all public reports during the state of emergency of the companies listed on the main market at the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The empirical analysis consists of a panel data econometric model using maximum likelihood random-effects regression and a logistical regression to highlight the correlations between the dependent variables Public Reports and Business Continuity Plan and the analyzed independent variables. The study showed that in most cases, the companies had at least one public report, especially the one related to the annual shareholders meeting, a percentage of 21% of companies had two public reports, and only 17% of companies have published three or more reports. The companies that communicated the most were the ones belonging to the premium trading category, and the number of published reports was influenced by the communication evaluation indicator, profitability and by the announcement of the donations made.
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Miranda, Wanessa Debôrtoli de, Maria Cristina Passos, Maria Imaculada de Fátima Freitas, and Palmira de Fátima Bonolo. "Representations of women milk donors on donations for the human milk bank." Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 24, no. 2 (June 2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x201600020029.
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Abstract Human milk banks (HMBs) have difficulty maintaining and increasing their stocks, and the number of women enrolling as members remains low. The present qualitative study, based on social representation theory, aimed to understand women’s representations of the milk donation experience. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in 2013. In total, 12 women aged 18 to 39 years old participated in the study. Most were primiparous, married or living with a partner, housewives, completed high school, and belonged to lower economic classes. Four categories emerged from the testimonies: human milk donation; representations about human milk banks (HMB); the importance of breastfeeding for the baby and for one's conceptualization as a mother; and prenatal care and donation awareness. The main reasons for donating were representations that value breastfeeding, human milk, and the donation act. These mothers had difficulties donating, but the rewarding feeling, the value of this practice, and the support they received from people important to them helped with the donation. The findings related to the value of the donation and breastfeeding provide ways to effectively encourage and motivate potential donors, achieving comprehensive care starting from the prenatal period.
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Kuts, O. I. "RARE BOOKS COLLECTION OF THE CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF THE IRKUTSK SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF SB RAS,AS AN INFORMATION SOURCE OF SCIENCE." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-1-35-40.
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The Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS has an extensive collection of literature on various topics of scientific research of academic institutions of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. This library is the successor of the Library of the East Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. With the organization of the Branch its own scientific library was being created. Acquisitions to the library stocks were carried out by its first head A. S. Chumicheva.The first books of the library were books from the exchange stocks of the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Leningrad), special libraries’ sector of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Moscow); books from other institutions’ libraries all over the country; trophy books from Germany; books from personal libraries of scientists, rare book stores; since 1958 books began to come to hand from the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). The first library accumulations were the source of material that Russian science had in the period of its making on the Irkutsk soil, and an especially stored part of the library stock. There is a currently increasing interest of specialists in rare books’ collections organization, storage and use.A particularly valuable publication is the book, dated 1676, the life-time publication of the French geographer Pierre Duval (1618–1683).In 2019 its ex-libris was studied. They managed to determine the owner of the book and the history of the library. The ex-libris is heraldic, coat of arms belongs to Franciszek Velepolsky (1732–1809), and the book is from the Pinchuv Majorata library.In the library collections there are publications by prominent domestic and foreign scientists of the XIX–XX centuries, including Nobel laureates; books from personal libraries with notes of owners; autographed books, books with dedicatory inscriptions, bookplates. Works of scientific organizations of the XIX–XX centuries, reports of expeditions, and works of scientists about Siberia are of interest.Most of academic journals are presented starting since the first years of their publication.The collection of rare books is being replenished thanks to readers’ donations.
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de Leon, Natalia Hernandez, Javier Anguita, Carmen Falero, Almudena Llorente, Tomas Pintado Cros, and Alfonso Gomez-Pineda. "Disaster Impact (11-M) in a Blood Bank." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2707.2707.
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Abstract Objective: To describe the main problems posed to a hospital’s blood bank (BB) by a major disaster situation (the11-M terrorist attack in Madrid, Spain). Report of the events: In the terrorist attack of Madrid in March 11, 2004, there were a total of 192 casualties and 1432 individuals who suffered various, usually complex, injuries. At the Gregorio Marañon Hospital 232 victims of the attack were admitted and 32 of them required surgical procedures. On this day there were 122 requests for blood products for 23 patient. Transfusion issues: Patient identification: initially most of transfusion requests arrived without patient’s demographic data nor blood sample; a numeric code was assigned to each case. Blood group testing: only ABO-type and Rh-D antigen were determined. Transfusion policy: patients were transfused with same specific ABO group whenever possible, otherwise with ABO compatible uncrossmatched red blood cells (RBC); for this purpose, retyped group A and O RBC were stored separately. Rh-D negative units were reserved for young D-negative females. Blood donation issues: There was a massive arrival of volunteers to donate blood in a very short period of time, which completely collapsed the BB facilities. It was necessary to improvise for additional space as well as technical staff and paramedical personal to attend to the massive flux of overanxious volunteers. Regular blood donors were rejected in order to guarantee blood supply after the catastrophe. Many volunteers could not donate at the time and a telephone number and address were obtained for recall at a later time if needed. Table I shows the results of HbsAg and HVC testing of blood donated on the day of the catastrophe (group B) compared with donors before the 11-M (group A). Conclusions: At a major public disaster such as the 11-M terrorist attack, donation greatly exceeds the actual needs generated by the catastrophe. Furthermore, this donation is of no use for the immediate needs. Ideally, civil authorities should not encourage blood donation indiscriminately but alert the general population to do so only after an evaluation of available resources and estimated needs. A center’s contingency plan should include: coordination with local authorities and regional blood center; hospital heads and directors should cancel all programmed activities, in particular surgical procedures and divert human effort resources to emergency care of the injured; the BB should reorganize its activities, initially focusing in patient identification and testing, redistribution and retyping of available blood products in order to deliver quickly type specific RBC; after above goals have been met, staff resources should be redistributed for blood collection and processing. Table I: Blood testing results an donation data. Total donors First-time donors Repeat donors Number HBsAg+ / VHC+ Number HBsAg+ / VHC+ Number HBsAg+ / VHC+ Between March 11 and March 14, 633 donations were made, 398 on March 11; this represent a 1,658% increment from the usual mean. There was a higher % of HCV positivity in group B compared to regular donors and no difference in HBV and HIV testing between both groups. A 662 2 / 2 323 1 / 2 339 1 / 0 B 633 1 / 5 543 1 / 5 90 0 / 0 Table II:Transfusion data. Available RCC Hospitalized Deceased Surgery Previous stock Received the 11-M Transfused 1st 4h Total transfused the 11-M During the first 4 hours 82% of the transfused patients (19) were registered at the blood bank and 63% of the RBC used that day (90 units) were transfused. 71,72% of RBC were specific ABO-group. 232 4 36 149 265 90 (62%) 143
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Chang, Ming-Chung, Chiang-Ping Chen, Chien-Cheng Lin, and Yu-Ming Xu. "The Overall and Disaggregate China’s Bank Efficiency from Sustainable Business Perspectives." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074366.
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The goal of the basic business perspective has switched from previously maximizing profit to the current three fields of environment, society, and the economy, within the viewpoint of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study, from the perspective of sustainability, discusses the current business model of the relationship between CSR and the performance of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), a state−owned bank, with SBM-DEA and Tobit regression methods, and it puts forward a direction for improvement for future business models. Through the analysis of the years from 2010 to 2018, it has been found that the years with the best performances are 2010, 2011, and 2018, and some empirical evidence from the ICBC is as follows. First, corporate financial leverage closely follows gross domestic product (GDP) growth in terms of utilizing total assets. The ICBC seems to place less attention on its sales and on the number of deposits because of its high ratio of government stock holdings. Second, the ICBC raises labor productivity through education and training of its employees as well as through the proper utilization of capital for input-side management. Lastly, performance has improved as the ICBC has focused more on long-term society contributions, which are directed toward charity donations, loans for poverty alleviation, and green economy development in terms of output-side management. Therefore, through the above three CSR strategies, the ICBC has positively contributed toward environmental innovation and the societal transition of China, and its practices can be used as a sustainable model for future development.
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Castro, Arnold R., Susan E. Kikkert, Martha B. Fears, and Victoria Pope. "Defibrination of Blood Plasma for Use in Serological Tests for Syphilis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 6 (November 2002): 1376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.6.1376-1378.2002.
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ABSTRACT Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in 1 M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4,970 mg/liter (mean, 2,532 mg/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2,742 mg/liter (mean 1,528 mg/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR. The treated samples showed no measurable fibrinogen remaining after the defibrination process. In the nontreponemal RPR for syphilis, 86% of the treated plasma samples retained the same endpoint titer as that of the initial plasma sample. When the Treponema pallidum passive-particle-agglutination test was used, 98% retained the same reactivity. In the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, 89% of the treated samples demonstrated no change in reactivity index, and in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 96% showed no reduction in fluorescence. Human sera containing antibodies to syphilis are used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the preparation of reference controls or as samples for proficiency testing. Finding reactive sera is becoming more difficult due to the general decline of syphilis cases in the United States. The decreasing availability of these sera can be alleviated by salvaging plasma and converting it to serum.
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Aung, Fleur M., Nan Clancy, Benjamin Lichtiger, and Chitra Hosing. "Optimizing the Use of Platelets in a Single Oncology Center during Critical Shortages: Can Current Platelet Donations from Volunteer Donors be Sustained to Provide Adequate Platelet Inventories Long Term?" Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127510.
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Introduction: The single largest use of platelets transfusions (PLT) are for patients with hematologic malignancies receiving Myeloablative chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients routinely get prophylactically platelet transfusions at platelet counts ≤ 20 × 109/L at our institution per institutional guidelines. For this review we analyzed a two day period when a critical shortage of platelets occurred to illustrate how we managed the transfusion needs of our patients. Method All daily platelet orders are triaged. The orders are inclusive of patient demographics, indication(s) for transfusion and pertinent lab results (most recent H/H, PLT count, PT/INR/PTT, fibrinogen, D-Dimer, Creatinine and BUN). The location of the patient and indications (ICH Hemorrhage/coagulation abnormalities) further allows the Blood Bank to prioritize the release of platelets. The orders are sorted by counts ≤5K, 6-10K, 11-20K, 21-30K, 31-40K, 51-60K and >61K and then categorized by location (EC, Surgery/Outpatients and disease (Hematologic malignancies/HSCT/other neoplasms). A reduction of the Random Donor Platelet (RDP) inventory by 50% is considered critical especially when daily shipments from our contracted blood suppliers are delayed or reduced. Our regular platelet inventory consist mainly of RDPs with 5-10% of Single Donor Apheresis platelets (SDPs). Our daily transfusion needs consists of 400 to 700 RDPs with a reduction on weekends. Due to the volume of our daily platelet transfusion our needs cannot be met by SDPs only. Results: We received 269 platelet transfusion orders within the two day critical shortage period. The bulk of the orders were received between 4-10 am. The majority (93%) were from patients undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies of which 18% were from HSCT patients. A total of 474 RDP were transfused to 176 (66%) patients, median of 3 (range 2-4 pooled RDPs), 57 (32%) received 2 pooled RDPs, 116 (66%) received 3 pooled RDPs and 3 (2%) patients received 4 pooled RDPs. Of the 269 patients 82 (30%) were transfused with SDPs. There were 2 duplicate orders and 9 (3.3%) patients did not receive platelets on the requested day. The majority of the platelet orders (85.5%) were for platelet counts =<20 K/uL, followed by Intracranial hemorrhage (4%), active bleeding (3.4%) and bone marrow biopsy (2.6%) and LP/Solid Organ biopsy/Spinal Surgery/Others (each <1%). The reduction in the number of pooled RDPs did not lead to adverse events. Discussion: When the platelet inventory is at par, patients receive 4 pooled RDP units as prophylactic transfusion for counts ≤ 20K. When the inventory falls to below 50% of par, the number of pooled RDPs is decreased to 3 for actively bleeding patients and for those with counts ≤10 K/L. The pools are further decreased to 2-3 RDP units for counts 11-20 K based on inventory. Electronic notification is sent to primary providers to call the Transfusion Medicine Physician when the reason for transfusion does not meet institutional guidelines. The current platelet stock management is heavily dependent on whole blood donations from which RDPs are processed. High school students currently contribute 10% of the US blood supply which may increase up to 20% during the spring/fall months. The most important question that needs to be discussed and addressed before it leads to a crisis is the sustainability of Platelets donations from volunteer donors. Donor Centers around the United States have seen a gradual decline in volunteer donors with aging of the volunteer donor pool. Only 4-6% of eligible donors in the US currently donate blood and this is projected to decrease in the next five years. The TRALI mitigation strategy eliminated many eligible females from donating whole blood/platelets and now the Iron mitigation strategy will also impact the volunteer donor pool. One avenue that could be explored for platelet acquisition would be to accumulate a dedicated pedigreed/trusted pre-screened repeat pool of paid donors similar to the concept used by US plasma centers. This will be a major paradigm shift, be problematic in the beginning as the model is not being used currently in the US for platelet donations. However, with the ever increasing need for platelet transfusion, altruistic appeals alone may be insufficient to meet the demands of blood and platelets. This concept may not be too farfetched in the near future and begs to be considered. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gleijeses, Piero. "The Limits of Sympathy: The United States and the Independence of Spanish America." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 3 (October 1992): 481–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00024251.
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Sir, is there to be no limit to our benevolence for these People? There is a point, beyond which, even parental bounty and natural affection cease to impose an obligation. That point has been attained with the States of Spanish America.1Of course there was sympathy for the Spanish American rebels in the United States. How could it have been otherwise? The rebels were fighting Spain, long an object of hatred and contempt. This alone justified goodwill, as did the hope for increased trade and the prospect of a significant loss of European influence in the hemisphere.2 But how deep did this sympathy run?In the Congressional debates of the period there was much more enthusiasm for the cause of the Greeks than that of the Spanish Americans.3 Similarly, the press referred frequently to private collections of funds (‘liberal donations’) for the Greek fighters – not for the Spanish Americans. This is not surprising. The US public could feel a bond with the Greeks – ‘it will become even quite fashionable to assist the descendants of those who were the bulwark of light and knowledge in old times, in rescuing themselves from the dominion of a barbarian race'.4 Unlike the Greeks, however, the Spanish Americans were of dubious whiteness. Unlike the Greeks, they hailed not from a race of giants, but – when they were white – from degraded Spanish stock.5 Some US citizens felt for them the kinship of a common struggle against European colonial rule; others agreed with John Quincy Adams: ‘So far as they were contending for independence, I wished well to their cause; but I had seen and yet see no prospect that they would establish free or liberal institutions of government.
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Jöris, Monique, Stefanie Bernas, Alexander H. Schmidt, Jay Feinberg, Nicoletta Sacchi, Heidi Elmoazzen, Fatma Oguz, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Unrelated Stem Cell Donations in 2020 - Report from World Marrow Donor Association." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-150013.
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Abstract Introduction: World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) promotes global collaboration for the benefit of stem cell donors and transplant patients. WMDA activities include recording the number of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donations globally. Because the COVID-19 pandemic also has an impact on the treatment of patients with other diseases, we hypothesise that it also impacted the practice of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We used the 2020 WMDA data to examine the trends in unrelated HSC donations during the COVID-19 pandemic globally, per continent and per country/region. Methods: Donor registries (DRs) and cord blood banks (CBBs) from 61 countries participated in the 2020 survey, compared to 59 countries in the 2019. Slight differences in participation between the data sets of 2019 and 2020 do not explain the trends we observe in HSC donations. Country/region-specific COVID-19 data on cases and deaths were obtained from the data repository operated by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering(https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19, accessed July 12, 2021); and population data were retrieved from the Worldometer website(https://www.worldometers.info/, accessed July 12, 2021). Results: HSC donations from unrelated donors (peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM)) decreased from 20,330 in 2019 to 19,623 in 2020 (-3.5%), compared to an average annual growth rate of 3.9% from 2015 to 2019 (figure 1). The 3.5% decrease is composed of a 29.0% decrease for BM and a 2.6% increase for PBSC, resulting in a drop in the BM share of unrelated HSC donations from 19.3% in 2019 to 14.2% in 2020. The number of cord blood unit (CBU) shipments globally decreased with 3.5% from 2,851 to 2,750. The percentage of national use of HSC products (PBSC and BM) increased from 51.2% to 53.5%. When considering the continent on which the patient is transplanted (table 1), the change rate of use of HSC donated products in 2020 vs. 2019 ranged from -28.0% in South America to +18.2% in Africa. In absolute numbers, the largest decrease of HSC donations occurred for patients in Asia (n=-485) followed by Europe (n=-205), and the largest increase occurred in North America (n=+88) followed by Oceania (n=+25). The share of HSC donations requiring intercontinental transport decreased from 24.6% in 2019 to 21.9% in 2020. In terms of the country/region of transplant (table 2), the largest percentage decrease occurred in Colombia (-90,5%) followed by Russia (-55,5%). In absolute numbers, the largest decrease occurred in Turkey (-147), with Japan following (-128, although Japan saw an increase of CBU use of +106). The highest growth rate was observed in Iran (+28,7%), followed by South Africa (+28,2%). In absolute figures, the greatest increase occurred in Italy (+67). The two countries receiving the largest HSC donation numbers showed no major changes versus the previous year: USA: +0.6% (although a decrease for CBU of -21,0% was observed) and Germany: -2.4%. We did not find any significant correlation between the numbers of COVID-19 cases or COVID-19-related deaths per 1 million inhabitants with the HSC donation numbers (Spearman's r=0.05 for cases and =0.08 for deaths). Discussion: The decline in the number of unrelated HSC donations in 2020 suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HSC donation and unrelated HSCT. The significant decrease in BM collections and intercontinental/cross-border shipments can be explained by logistically complex processes, as well the increased risk to the donor of being exposed to an operative procedure. CBU as a stem cell source potentially circumvents these logistical complications. However, on a global scale our data does not show increased use of CBU suggesting that decisions to use CBU as a stem cell source did not change in the pandemic . We were unable to demonstrate a correlation between country/region-specific severity of the pandemic and HSC donation numbers. We suspect this is due to the data quality of reported number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related deaths. Also, we did not gather monthly data and therefore could not specify pandemic waves. In conclusion, we would like to point out the fact that global exchanges of HSC products continued and only decreased slightly is an extraordinary achievement of DRs, CBBs and their donors and is a testament to the importance of international collaborations in the WMDA. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Devine: Orca Bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Johnsonand Johnson: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Magenta Therapeutics: Current Employment, Research Funding; Tmunity: Current Employment, Research Funding; Vor Bio: Research Funding; Kiadis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Be the Match: Current Employment. Shaw: Orca bio: Consultancy; mallinkrodt: Other: payments. Forman: Mustang Bio: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Lixte Biotechnology: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Allogene: Consultancy.
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Shabalina, N. N. "COLLECTION OF BOOKS OF THE CYRILLIC FONT OF THE XVII – EARLY XX CENTURE IN THE IRKUTSK REGIONAL STATE UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY NAMED AFTER I. I. MOLCHANOV-SIBIRSKY: THE EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING AND CATALOGIZATION." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-1-12-16.
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The article is devoted to the thematic collection of books of the Cyrillic font of the XVII – early XX century, stored in the Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Irkutsk Regional Library named after I. I. MolchanovSibirsky. The library staff formed this collection by means of identifying books from the general book storage, donations and purchases from private individuals in the period from 1976 to 2018. It presents data about the history of the collection formation, the main sources and stages of books receipt, the characteristic of its current state: number, analysis by year, place and type of publication. Particular attention is paid to books acquired at the end of XIX – early XX century. Circumstances of the pre-revolutionary library stock formation (until 1920 – the Irkutsk City Public Library) and books of the Cyrillic font purchased during this period are considered. Books accepted according to the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of 1918 «On the order of requisition of libraries, book warehouse and books in general» are analyzed. On the example of books belonging to the library of the Irkutsk Ascension Monastery, the role of preserved ownership and dedicatory inscriptions in the study of the history of this library and the history of the individual specimens is considered. Descriptions of the four versions of the monastery library bookplates and some inscriptions with notes about the receipt history of books are provided. Inscriptions on four editions of the XVIII century are examined in detail as examples of books with the unique history. Texts of inscriptions are reproduced in the original orthography (excepting obsolete letters). All books are associated with famous personalities in the history of the region and Russia as a whole. Among them: the Bishop of Irkutsk and Nerchinsk, Saint Sophronius (Kristalevsky; 1703–1771), Hieromonk Herman, etc. The article is an interim result of a two-year study and description of the collection. The result of the work will be the release of a printed catalog.
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Dong, Shengzu. "China’s New Laws and Policies on Nongovernmental Education: Background, Characteristics, and Impact Analysis." ECNU Review of Education 3, no. 2 (June 2020): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096531120918148.
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Purpose: China has a long history of private school education. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, nongovernmental education (private school education) once disappeared from Chinese society until its revival following the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. With its development of more than four decades, nongovernmental education has become an important part of China’s educational system and is vigorously promoting the modernization progress of Chinese education. Design/Approach/Methods: Being different from the overseas private school education, which is mostly funded by donations, China’s nongovernmental education sector has operated on the basis of private capital investments and contributions, with the organizers (contributors) typically expecting economic returns. Marked by the introduction of regulations and policies for nongovernmental education around the year of 2016, China’s nongovernmental education sector officially entered a new era of registration, support, and regulation by category. Findings: The macroscopic policies of China’s nongovernmental education in new era present the following new characters: (I) Emphasizing education provision as a public interest and comprehensively strengthening private school leadership; (II) managing negative lists and broadening the means by which social forces participate in operating schools; (III) implementing preferential policies for private schools through categories based on the principle of being fair but different; (IV) supporting the development of private schools with the goal of improving education quality; (V) standardizing private schools’ operating practices in order to promote healthy and orderly development. Originality/Value: The implementing of the new policies on nongovernmental education shall have significant impact on the development and reform of China’s nongovernmental education in the future: (1) The rapid development of nonprofit private schools due to government support; (2) for-profit private schools may face polarization in a fiercely competitive market environment; (3) heavy burden of categorizing and transferring existing stock of schools due to various historical and realistic constraints.
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Dutt, Neeti, Sushil Sharma, and Meena Sidhu. "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the blood donation and utilization and strategies adopted to combat it in a tertiary care center of Jammu province." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220038.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has major implications for blood transfusion. There are uncertain patterns of demand, and transfusion institutions need to plan for reductions in donations and loss of crucial staff because of sickness and public health restrictions. A range of strategies need to be planned to maintain ongoing equitable access to blood for transfusion during the pandemic, in addition to providing new therapies such as convalescent plasma. The main role of transfusion institutions during this period, is the monitoring of supply and demand so that sufficient blood stocks are maintained to support ongoing critical needs. The main aim of our study was to study the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on blood transfusion services (BTS) and to identify the challenges faced by our blood center and mitigation strategies adopted to combat it.Methods: Total number of donations and total number of blood and its components issued were noted from the donor and issue registers respectively, both during the pre-COVID and COVID-19 pandemic and the results were compared thereafter. Various strategies were adopted during the COVID pandemic in order to maintain balance between demand and supply of blood and its products.Results: There has been sudden decrease in the number of blood donations in the month of April 2020 (35%) in the COVID pandemic as compared to pre-COVID time with percentage difference of 65%. This was followed by gradual decrease in the no. of donations in COVID pandemic when compared with donations in the pre-COVID time. The percentage difference in blood donation gradually improved over a period of time from 65% in April 2020 to 7% in April 2021. Similarly, no. of blood units issued also decreased from 1147 in April 2019 to 553 units in April 2020.Conclusions: The BTS need to provide an uninterrupted blood supply, and this stays true even in the face of a pandemic. The plan of action has to be started early so that the supply can be maintained and monitored effectively. Health-care workers being one of the main pillars in the fight against COVID-19 have to be supported and protected.
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Luchka, Ludmila M. "The Library Аctivity of Katerinoslav Scientific Archival Commission." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 1, no. 1-2 (December 29, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2611814.
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At the end of the 19th century archival commissions as historical societies began to work in the provinces of the Imperial state. The application about opening of Katerinoslav province scientific commission was prepared in 1902. It was signed by famous elective district council members, public figures, cultural and educational leaders. The society of historians, archivists, ethnographers, archeologists and specialists in regional studies worked in Katerinoslav in 1903?1916. The author shows history and activity of the library of a local society as a province centre of local lore history. The printed editions of the society called “Chronocles” (volumes I?X) which contain proceedings of the commission meetings were the main source of research. The library collected works on history, archeology, ethnography and historical geography of Katerinoslav province. From the beginning of the library foundation it played an important part in the development of the society. The members of the society paid great attention to forming of book collections on regional history. From the first years of its activity the commission constantly supported book exchange with other institutions and organizations which favoured the spreading of knowledge and exchanging of experience. The sources contain information about people who gladly gave necessary and useful literature to the commission. Professors, teachers of local educational institutions, museum workers, cultural and educational leaders of Ukraine were among the members of the commission. In 1910 the commission totaled 11 honoured and 54 full members. Local activists paid special attention to keeping of church archive. In particular, D. I. Yavornitsky defended the thought about studying of archival documents as written evidence on the history of Ukrainian people. The library collection according to its content, subject, and chronology is considered in the article; authors groups are analyzed. Donations from different organizations and private persons were a valuable source of supplement of the commission’s book stock. The members of the commission had the opportunity to work with scientific editions of Kharkiv, Lviv and Odessa universities. The article reveals the role of A. S. Sinyavsky, V. O. Bidnov and I. Y. Akinfiev in the process of formation of readers’ tastes, scientific interest and professional level of Katerinoslav inhabitants at the beginning of the 20th century. Library activists maintained an active position in the activity of the society. For the period of existence 6 surnames of persons who took an active part in the commission’s librarianship are known.
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Suartini, Sri, and Ali Ikhwan. "Management Information System Web-Base on Blood Donation Service." Sinkron 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i1.11920.
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Blood donation is an activity of sharing blood from a person to others in need. This activity was carried out because of the large number of patients in the hospital who needed blood for their illness. The amount of blood needed is not proportional to the amount of blood stock in the hospital, so it is deficient and requires a lot of blood from donors. The scarcity of blood stocks does not occur only in hospitals but also in PMI (Indonesian Red Cross) so that patients or families have difficulty finding blood to meet the needs of patients. The method used in these crisis conditions is to contact a few random people, or create information on personal social media about who can donate blood. This method is less efficient and effective because the data of potential donors is often also not qualified and data collection is also still done manually by the blood transfusion unit. Information technology is one of the solutions in providing information and data collection as well as management in the blood transfusion unit PMI Deli Serdang. In this case the R&D method ( Research And Development) can help develop a management information system to collect data in blood donation services at PMI Deli Serdang.
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Fateen, Tooba, Sehar Shamshad Ali, Nazish Saqlain, Faiza Shafqat, Ayesha Khalid, Kanwar Sajid Ali, and Zertaj Kashif. "To Assess the Iron Reserves in Blood Donors by Measuring Serum Ferritin and Hemoglobin in the Children Hospital Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610265.
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Introduction: Frequent contribution of blood can cause iron exhaustion in blood donors along with the problems related to it. Curtailing the proportion of iron reduction among blood donors is a crucial plan for boosting donor’s well-being. Aim & objectives: The aim of this analysis is to determine iron stocks by measuring serum ferritin in pre-donation male blood donors along with their relation with the hemoglobin concentration and frequency of blood donations. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Pathology (immunohematology) department and blood bank of University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore from Aug 2021 to July 2022 Material and Methods: A total of 350 serum samples were processed to determine hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. The study involved was performed on healthy blood donors. The method used was chemiluminescence for the simultaneous measurement of serum ferritin. Results: An aggregate of 350 serums were collected from the contributors in blood bank. Among them, 154 were the first-time donor and 196 were the frequent donors; the serum ferritin was markedly reduced in constant contributors. The mean value 105ng/mL was found in infrequent donors and 79.35ng/mL was found in frequent donors. There was no notable variance in hemoglobin of newbie and regular blood givers. However, a momentous variation in the pervasiveness of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors is found. Conclusion: Blood donation has a noteworthy impact on iron stores and is one of the most important factors for iron shortage in contributors, specifically in those who donate blood again and again. Serum ferritin measurement ought to be incorporated in the blood donor preference especially in the evaluation of consistent blood givers to assure enough iron pools in the donor community in order to sustain a pertinent potential donor.
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Nakamura, Yukio, and Shinryo Shinagawa. "Promotion of "Kohnotori(stork) Biood Donations" in obstetrical practice." Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion 33, no. 3 (1987): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.33.274.
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Ringshia, Aryan. "Blood Bank Management System to Establish Link between Donors and Blood Banks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37539.
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Abstract: Blood donation is a vital component of international healthcare and has suffered because of the pandemic. This paper aims to address this issue by proposing the creation of a totally transparent blood bank management system in which hospitals/NGOs input the quantity of each blood type in their stock, after which nearby users who are ready to donate are notified. Following extensive research, we observed that there is no structure in place that provides a communication link between the management of blood banks (Hospitals and NGOs) and the general public, allowing available donors to view which blood banks have a shortage of their blood group. The technology platform in implementing this system uses Python programming environment Django for SQL and deployment. For frontend development, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and Bootstrap were utilized. The system alleviates the issues created by blood shortages in blood banks by properly managing and providing a single platform for everyone. It makes information about available stock in each blood bank available to the public and this can be extended to multiple cities. Keywords: Blood donation, Blood stock, Hospital, Donor, System
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Kubas, Ewa. "The principle of democracy and solidarity and public collections." Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 37, no. 2 (2022): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2022.2.13.
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The aim of the article is to show that the principles of democracy and social solidarity play a very important role in the process of organizing and conducting public collections. Thanks to the constitutionally guaranteed freedom of association, many different organizations (e.g. non-governmental organizations, social committees, social cooperatives, joint-stock companies or limited liability companies) have been allowed to participate in the implementation of public tasks, which may be financed with funds from public donation. The article shows that social solidarity resulting from the principle of democratism is one of the factors determining public donation.
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Rohan, Hasdianah H., Sasi Widuri, and Yustisia Amalia. "Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat non Produktif tentang pentingnya Manfaat mengenal dan menjadi Donor Darah di Unit Tranfusi Darah PMI Kota Surabaya." JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN HEALTH 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v2i2.22.
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Blood transfusion service is a health care effort that utilizes human blood as a basic ingredient with humanitarian purposes and not for commercial purposes. Blood transfusion services as one of the health efforts in order to cure disease and health recovery desperately require the availability of blood or adequate blood components, safe, accessible and affordable by the community. Each blood transfusion unit has a responsibility to meet the availability of blood in its working area. Blood availability is highly dependent on the willingness and awareness of people to donate their blood voluntarily and regularly. To achieve this, blood transfusion units need to conduct donor recruitment activities which include socialization efforts and campaign of voluntary blood donor, donor deployment and donor preservation. The need for blood is increasing in this world where 1 patient from 7 patients who are hospitalized requires a blood transfusion. Imbalance between blood supply and blood needs is increasing in the world. Currently only in 62 countries, blood supplies of 100% are derived from voluntary blood donors and 40 other countries still depend on family darai donors and paid blood donors. From the results of location analysis and info from blood transfusion Unit RS, Dr. Setomo, Surabaya PMI about the problems of lack of blood stocks at a certain moment, then make us perform a lack of public awareness about the blood Donor This, thereby giving our infiration to give intervention, counseling, convey that being a blood Donor can increase the stamina and occurrence of new erythrocytes, which can facilitate blood circulation and make the body healthier. Plan, create a community Web Site that is interested in becoming a voluntary blood Donor, so that the community is moved to become a voluntary blood Donor, of course not be separated must fulfill the requirements that the blood donation is worthy as Blood and healthy Donor, appropriate Perturan. Install Bener on a specific place, make a bag, T-shirt, key toy, a zipper box, and other knacks that can be used as the community Logo voluntary blood donor, in hopes of increasing the necessary blood stocks society. From the new results we perform to attract voluntary blood donors. Through the appeal to come to the counseling and to share Leaflet only at this early stage, there have been obtained result of increased blood stock from the results of voluntary blood donation after Community service. Obtained significant results, where there is an increase in the amount of blood in PMI, after the implementation of blood donation. There is an increase in blood stocks at that time as much as 40-50%, from the results of community devotion.
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Jihan Nadra Arifah and Zuliani Dalimunthe. "The Impact of Financial Literacy on the Investment Decision of Non-Donation-Based Crowdfunding in Indonesia." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3310.2020.
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The present study investigates the heterogeneity of the financial literacy level between backers and nonbackers of non-donation-based crowdfunding in Indonesia and how the financial literacy relates to the country’s decision to invest through non-donation crowdfunding. We choose Indonesia for a case study because non-donation crowdfunding has become a new investment mode recently in this area. The study extends the analysis to the predictors of financial literacy and its impact on the investment decision of nondonation crowdfunding. The hypotheses are examined through binary logistic regression. The study’s findings are as follows. First, there is heterogeneity in the financial literacy level between backers and nonbackers. Second, the financial literacy level is found to be affected by residence, education, income, and stock market product ownership. Third, investors in crowdfunding have a tendency to be in the younger age group. Fourth, males have a higher tendency to invest in non-donation crowdfunding than females, despite the lack of difference in financial literacy between them. Fifth, individuals in the lowest income group are more likely to invest in non-donation crowdfunding than individuals with larger incomes.
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Hong, Soonwook. "Chaebol Firms’ Donation Activities and Firm Values." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082417.
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This paper aims to investigate the effects of donation activities of chaebol firms on their firm values. The firm values will vary depending on capital market participants’ view on the donation activities of chaebol firms. To verify this hypothesis, data of firms listed in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) from 2001 to 2017 are empirically analyzed. Whether a firm is a chaebol firm or not is assessed by whether the firm has been designated as a firm in one of the large business groups announced by the Korea Fair Trade Commission, and firm values are measured by Tobin’s Q and market-to-book value ratio (MTB). The results of analysis indicated that donation activities of chaebol firms were negatively related to firm values. The donation activities of chaebol firms seem to be not positively evaluated in the capital market. This paper is meaningful in that it verified how capital market participants evaluate the donation activities of chaebol firms, which account for a large portion of the South Korean economy. To gain public support, chaebol firms should strive to truly fulfill their social responsibilities.
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Roback, John D., Herve Isola, Lily Lin, and Jean-Pierre Cazenave. "Inactivation of Infectious CMV in Platelet Products: Comparison of INTERCEPT Blood System™ and Leukofiltration." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2886.2886.
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Abstract Background: While many severely immunocompromised patients require cytomegalovirus (CMV)-safe blood components, the standard approach of providing CMV-seronegative and/or leukoreduced components is still associated with breakthrough cases of CMV transmission. The INTERCEPT Blood System™ is a pathogen-inactivation methodology for platelets and plasma which may be a superior approach for providing CMV-safe transfusions. In this study, we compared the efficacy of INTERCEPT with leukoreduction for inactivating and/or removing infectious CMV experimentally introduced at high levels into platelet components. Methods: Pooled buffy-coat platelet concentrates (n=6) were prepared from volunteer whole blood donations at a blood center using standard methods. A high titer stock (>108 pfu/mL) containing both cell-associated and cell-free human CMV (AD169) was then spiked into each unit. After collection of pre-treatment samples, the CMV-spiked components were divided into 2 bags of equal volumes (2.5–6.0 ×1011 platelets in ∼350 mL of 35% plasma and 65% InterSol™). One platelet unit was treated with INTERCEPT using methods in routine daily use at the blood center; the other unit was leukoreduced by filtration using commercial leukofilters (e.g., Asahi PLX5). Post-treatment samples were then collected. Total DNA prepared from each sample was subjected to nested PCR amplification. Plasma samples were added to confluent MRC5 monolayers, and the cultures were examined daily over the course of 6 weeks for the appearance of viral cytopathic effect. Results: Prior to viral spiking, all 6 pooled BC platelet components were CMV-seronegative and had no detectable CMV by either nested PCR or viral culture. After spiking with CMV, all units had readily detectable CMV DNA by PCR; 5 of the 6 units showed replication-competent virus as determined by CMV culture. INTERCEPT uniformly eliminated amplification of the 2,039 bp fragment of CMV UL93 open reading frame, while CMV DNA could be amplified from some filtered units. Using viral culture as a sensitive indicator of replication-competent CMV, INTERCEPT completely prevented CMV replication in all samples. In contrast, each of the 5 components that displayed infectious CMV after spiking still had detectable replication-competent virus after leukoreduction. Discussion: We found that INTERCEPT treatment could completely inactivate CMV in platelet components treated under standard blood center conditions even when CMV was inoculated into the components at artificially high viral loads (final concentration ∼ 106 pfu/mL). In contrast, leukoreduction was ineffective under these conditions since all inoculated units demonstrated replicating CMV after filtration. These data are consistent with PCR results showing that INTERCEPT also eliminated amplifiable CMV DNA from the platelet components. Thus, INTERCEPT treatment greatly reduces, if not eliminates, the risks of CMV transmission by transfusion, suggesting that INTERCEPT-treated platelets may be optimally CMV safe as compared to leukoreduced units.