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Journal articles on the topic 'STM à 4 pointes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Geetha, K., and R. Vadivel. "Phoneme Segmentation of Tamil Speech Signals Using Spectral Transition Measure." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 10, no. 1 (March 4, 2017): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst/10.01.15.

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Process of identifying the end points of the acoustic units of the speech signal is called speech segmentation. Speech recognition systems can be designed using sub-word unit like phoneme. A Phoneme is the smallest unit of the language. It is context dependent and tedious to find the boundary. Automated phoneme segmentation is carried in researches using Short term Energy, Convex hull, Formant, Spectral Transition Measure(STM), Group Delay Functions, Bayesian Information Criterion, etc. In this research work, STM is used to find the phoneme boundary of Tamil speech utterances. Tamil spoken word dataset was prepared with 30 words uttered by 4 native speakers with a high quality microphone. The performance of the segmentation is analysed and results are presented.

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2

PAGET, D., OLIVIA PULCI, M. SAUVAGE, Y. GARREAU, LUCIA REINING, P. CHIARADIA, F. BECHSTEDT, and R. PINCHAUX. "Do WE UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE OF THE GALLIUM-RICH SURFACE of GaAs(001)? EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 03n04 (June 2002): 1497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02003858.

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While the As-rich 2 × 4 reconstruction of GaAs(001) is well explained by the so-called β2 structure, the atomic structure of the Ga-rich 4 × 2 phase has been discussed for a long time. In this review, the most important structural models for the GaAs(001) (4 × 2)/c(8 × 2) surface are compared from different theoretical and experimental points of view. The selected reconstructions include the recently proposed ζ model, a new mixed dimer model, and the well-known β, β2, Cerdà and Skala models. The different structures are compared on the basis of total energy calculations, simulations of STM experimental images and interpretation of X-ray diffraction data. Only the ζ model satisfies all criteria, and provides therefore a satisfactory explanation of the atomic structure of GaAs(001)-(4 × 2).

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3

Bishop, David. "Torsades de pointes." Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses Journal 3, no. 4 (December 1990): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1033-3355(11)80052-4.

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4

McEntee, Joseph. "Burgeoning markets for STM." Physics World 4, no. 4 (April 1991): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/4/31.

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5

AVERY, A. R., D. M. HOLMES, T. S. JONES, and B. A. JOYCE. "AN STM STUDY OF THE (2×4) AND c(4×4) RECONSTRUCTIONS FORMED ON GaAs(001) BY MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000801.

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Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to study the Asterminated (2×4) and c(4×4) reconstructions formed on GaAs(001) surfaces grown in situ by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Filled states STM images of the (2×4) surface always showed unit cells consisting of two As dimers in the top layer. Cooling this surface under an As flux led initially to a highly kinked (2×4) phase before the transition to the c(4×4) structure. At no point were three As dimers observed in the top layer for the (2×4) unit cell. The c(4×4) structure involves the chemisorption of a second layer of As onto an already As-terminated surface. STM images of this surface showed a series of bright rectangular blocks consisting, when complete, of three pairs of As atoms.

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6

Jorens, Philippe G., Paul A. Van Den Heuvel, and Gaston A. Parizel. "Amiodarone and torsades de pointes." American Heart Journal 120, no. 6 (December 1990): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(90)90276-4.

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7

HARRISON, OLIVIA L., JORDAN T. GEBHARDT, CHAD B. PAULK, BRANDON L. PLATTNER, JASON C. WOODWORTH, SUSAN RENSING, CASSANDRA K. JONES, and VALENTINA TRINETTA. "Inoculation of Weaned Pigs by Feed, Water, and Airborne Transmission of Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:−." Journal of Food Protection 85, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-418.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:− (STM) has become an increasing problem for food safety and has been often detected in swine products. Weanling pigs were exposed to STM-contaminated feed, water, or air to determine possible STM transmission routes. A control group of pigs was included. STM was monitored daily in feces and rectal and nasal swabs. STM colonization was most prevalent in tissues from tonsil, lower intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes. No differences in lesion severity were observed between inoculated and control pigs. Contaminated feed, water, and aerosolized particles caused infection in weaned pigs; however, no STM colonization was observed in skeletal muscle destined for human consumption. Based on the results from this study, STM contamination in pork products most likely results from cross-contamination of meat by digesta or lymph node tissue during processing. HIGHLIGHTS

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8

Robbins, David. "Silicon surface secrets revealed by STM." Physics World 4, no. 4 (April 1991): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/4/21.

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9

Ortega-Carnicer, J., R. Alcázar, M. De la Torre, and J. Benezet. "Pentavalent antimonial-induced torsade de pointes." Journal of Electrocardiology 30, no. 2 (April 1997): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0736(97)80023-4.

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10

Afni, Nur, Khairil Khairil, and Abdullah Abdullah. "Penerapan Pendekatan STM (Sains Teknologi Masyarakat) Pada Konsep Pencemaran Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Di Sma Negeri 4 Wira Bangsa Meulaboh." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v2i2.238.

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Telah dilaksanakan penelitian tentang â€œPenerapan pendekatan STM (Sains Teknologi Masyarakat) pada konsep pencemaran lingkungan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan sikap peduli lingkungan di SMA Negeri 4 Wira Bangsa Meulabohâ€. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan yang dibelajarkan dengan pendekatan STM dan tanpa STM. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Wira Bangsa Meulaboh, berjumlah 80 siswa yang berasal dari 3 kelas. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 2 kelas yang ditentukan secara random sampling terdiri dari kelas eksperimen (dengan pendekatan STM) dan kelas kontrol (tanpa pendekatan STM). Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan tes hasil belajar, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-t Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh thitung hasil belajar = 8,62, thitung kemampuan berpikir kritis = 11,15, dan thitung Karena harga thitung > ttabel maka Ha diterima dan harga thitung < ttabelmaka Ha ditolak artinya ada perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan pembelajaran STM dan tanpa pendekatan STM pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMA Negeri 4 Wira Bangsa Meulaboh. Kata Kunci: Pendekatan STM, dan Pencemaran Lingkungan A research entitled, "The application of the STM approach (Science Technology Society) on the concept of environmental pollution to improve learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and attitudes of environmental care in SMA 4 Wira Bangsa Meulaboh " has been conducted. The purposes of this study were to find out differences in studentsâ€™ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills on environmental pollution material by using STM approach. This research used quasi-experimental method. The population of this study was all of students class X of SMA Negeri 4 Wira Bangsa Meulaboh. There were 80 students from three classes. The samples were chosen randomly that consisted of two classes namely experimental class and control class. The instruments used were test for learning outcome and test for critical thinking skills. The data then analyzed by using t-test. The results of t-test for learning outcomes was 8.62, meanwhile, t-test of critical thinking skills was 11.15. Since t-count > t-table, thus Ha is accepted. If t-count < t- table then, Ha is rejected. It means there were some differences on studentsâ€™ learning outcome and critical thinking skills after learning environmental pollution material by using STM approach and without using it. Keywords: STM Approach, and Environmental Pollution

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11

Wood, Jonathan. "Birthday celebration for STM." Materials Today 9, no. 9 (September 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(06)71605-4.

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12

Stokes, Stephanie F., Thomas Klee, Myriam Kornisch, and Lisa Furlong. "Visuospatial and Verbal Short-Term Memory Correlates of Vocabulary Ability in Preschool Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 8 (August 18, 2017): 2249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0285.

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Background Recent studies indicate that school-age children's patterns of performance on measures of verbal and visuospatial short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) differ across types of neurodevelopmental disorders. Because these disorders are often characterized by early language delay, administering STM and WM tests to toddlers could improve prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Toddler-appropriate verbal, but not visuospatial, STM and WM tasks are available. A toddler-appropriate visuospatial STM test is introduced. Method Tests of verbal STM, visuospatial STM, expressive vocabulary, and receptive vocabulary were administered to 92 English-speaking children aged 2–5 years. Results Mean test scores did not differ for boys and girls. Visuospatial and verbal STM scores were not significantly correlated when age was partialed out. Age, visuospatial STM scores, and verbal STM scores accounted for unique variance in expressive (51%, 3%, and 4%, respectively) and receptive vocabulary scores (53%, 5%, and 2%, respectively) in multiple regression analyses. Conclusion Replication studies, a fuller test battery comprising visuospatial and verbal STM and WM tests, and a general intelligence test are required before exploring the usefulness of these STM tests for predicting longitudinal outcomes. The lack of an association between the STM tests suggests that the instruments have face validity and test independent STM skills.

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13

HARRISON, OLIVIA L., SUSAN RENSING, CASSANDRA K. JONES, and VALENTINA TRINETTA. "Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:−, an Emerging Threat for the Swine Feed and Pork Production Industry." Journal of Food Protection 85, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-400.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella continues to be a significant cause of foodborne illnesses in human medicine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Salmonella as the second leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and the leading cause of both hospitalizations and deaths. Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:− (STM) is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, and it is an emerging threat to both human and animal health. STM was first identified in the 1980s from poultry products and has become increasingly prevalent in meat products including pork. STM has also been identified in swine farms as well as in feed manufacturing environments and feed itself. Similar pulse-field gel electrophoresis profiles have been observed between human clinical cases and the STM samples originating from swine feed. These related profiles suggest a link between ingestion of contaminated feed by swine and the source of foodborne illness in human. The objective of this article was to better understand the history of STM and the possible pathway from swine feed to table. Continued research is necessary to better understand how STM can enter both the feed supply chain and the pork production chain to avoid contamination of pork products destined for human consumption. HIGHLIGHTS

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14

Rypma, Bart, and John D. E. Gabrieli. "Functional neuroimaging of short-term memory: The neural mechanisms of mental storage." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 2001): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01503921.

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Cowan argues that the true short-term memory (STM) capacity limit is about 4 items. Functional neuroimaging data converge with this conclusion, indicating distinct neural activity patterns depending on whether or not memory task-demands exceed this limit. STM for verbal information within that capacity invokes focal prefrontal cortical activation that increases with memory load. STM for verbal information exceeding that capacity invokes widespread prefrontal activation in regions associated with executive and attentional processes that may mediate chunking processes to accommodate STM capacity limits.

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15

Silly, Fabien. "Elucidating the intramolecular contrast in the STM images of 2,4,6-tris(4′,4′′,4′′′-trimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules recorded at room-temperature and at the liquid-solid interface." RSC Advances 10, no. 10 (2020): 5742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09681g.

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16

Kayadibi, Y., Y. Ozguler, M. Melikoglu, S. N. Esatoglu, U. Kimyon, A. Kalyoncu Ucar, İ. Adaletli, and G. Hatemi. "OP0169 VESSEL WALL INFLAMMATION DETECTED WITH SUPERB MICROVASCULAR IMAGING IN BEHÇET SYNDROME." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 112.2–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.6177.

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BackgroundSuperb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a novel technique that provides a more sensitive assessment of small vessels compared to color Doppler US (CDUS), by distinction of low-speed flow signals from motion artifacts. Superficial thrombophlebitis (STM) is a common manifestation in patients with Behçet syndrome (BS) and is thought to be associated with inflammation of the vessel wall rather than a procoagulant state.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess STM lesions of patients with BS, together with controls, using SMI.MethodsWe studied 51 BS (16F/35M, mean age:40.6±12.8) patients and 26 non-BS (19F/7M mean age:44.9±11.7) patients with nodular lesions on physical examination. B-mode US, CDUS, PDUS and SMI were performed and recorded by the same radiologist and images were then evaluated by 2 radiologists. Both radiologists were blinded to the diagnoses and to each other’s assessments. First, presence/absence of vessel was assessed with CDUS to differentiate STM from erythema nodosum (EN). Then STM lesions were evaluated for the presence/absence of thrombus, vessel wall color-coded signal intensity, and thickness using the imaging modalities defined above. Vessel wall signal intensity was graded into 4 groups according to the percentages of the effected vessel wall area (Grade 0= no signal, Grade 1= < 25%, Grade 2= 25-50%, Grade 3= 50-75%, Grade 4= >75%). CDUS was the gold standard in the final diagnosis of STM. Interobserver reliability was assessed by kappa statistic.ResultsThe nodular lesions of 26 BS and 15 non-BS patients were diagnosed as STM (Table 1). The diagnosis was EN in the remaining 25 BS and 11 non-BS patients. SMI showed increased color-coded signal intensity in the vessel wall in patients with STM. We did not observe increased signal intensity in any of the patients with EN. According to the grading system, at least grade 1 or higher vessel-wall signals were detected in 20 BS (77%) patients with STM, in contrast to only 4 (27%) non-BS patients with STM (Table 1). Fifteen of 26 BS patients (58%) had at least grade 2 signal, and 4 of them had halo shaped signals all around the vessel-wall (Figure 1). On the other hand, 3 of 4 non-BS patients (75%) had only grade 1 signal and none of them had grade 4 signal. The interobserver reliability was good (κ=0.87, p<0.001).ConclusionA high-grade color-coded signal suggesting inflammation of the vessel wall was detected with SMI, in the majority of BS patients with STM. This finding needs to be studied in different vascular lesions of a large number of BS patients together with controls, in order to understand its specificity for BS and its significance.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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17

Sala, Montserrat, Ignasi Anguera, and Manuel Cervantes. "Torsade de Pointes Due to Methadone." Annals of Internal Medicine 139, no. 4 (August 19, 2003): W—64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00021-w1.

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18

Mokwe, Evan O., and Opara Ositadinma. "Torsade de Pointes Due to Methadone." Annals of Internal Medicine 139, no. 4 (August 19, 2003): W—64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00021-w2.

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19

Connolly, M. J., E. G. White, C. A. Morley, P. S. Astridge, and J. C. Cowan. "Torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia and terodiline." Lancet 338, no. 8763 (August 1991): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90481-4.

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20

Gimzewski, Jim. "STM probes beneath the surface." Physics World 4, no. 2 (February 1991): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/2/22.

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21

MIZUTANI, WATARU, HIDEKAZU ABE, AYUMU YASUDA, ATSUSHI ANDO, TETSUO SHIMIZU, and HIROSHI TOKUMOTO. "NANOTUBE TIP FOR STM." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (August 2003): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001310.

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We are investigating electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) probes for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). To improve the electrical conduction and reduce the contamination at the interface to the gold base, we selected conductive CNTs and heated the base and CNT during the CNT attaching process. Before STM measurements, the probes were cleaned by annealing in vacuum for 4–8 h. With these treatments, we found a small number of tips exhibiting linear metallic current–voltage (I–V) curves on Au(111), while all the CNT tips attached on gold (not heated) exhibited nonlinear I–V curves. We discuss the possibility that the metallic behavior of the CNT probes may be caused by the diffused gold atoms along the CNT surfaces by the long heat treatment.

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22

Rensink, Ronald A. "Four-sight in hindsight: The existence of magical numbers in vision." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 2001): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01483920.

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The capacity of visual attention/STM can be determined by change-detection experiments. Detecting the presence of change leads to an estimate of 4 items, while detecting the absence of change leads to an estimate of 1 item. Thus, there are two magical numbers in vision: 4 and 1. The underlying limits, however, are not necessarily those of central STM.

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23

Jayaram, Anuradha, Karolina Nowakowska, Joaquin Mateo, Sanjeev Kumar, Tatiana Hernandez, Ben Fulton, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, et al. "Phase 1-2 study of progesterone receptor (PR) inhibition with extended-release (ER) onapristone (ONA) alone or in combination with abiraterone (AA) in patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) incorporating plasma DNA analysis to define androgen receptor (AR) status." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 5071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.5071.

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5071 Background: An urgent need exists for new therapies after progression (PD) onAA and enzalutamide (ENZ). Increased PR expression or progesterone-activating AR mutations have been associated with resistance to AR targeting. We aimed to test ONA, a type I PR antagonist with clinical activity in PRpos cancers, in AA/enz-resistant CRPC. In a prospectively defined exploratory analysis, we aimed to report outcome by plasma AR status ( pAR). Methods: This was a multi-institution, open label phase I/II clinical trial in pts progressing after ENZ/AA. Pts were first treated with single agent (SA) ONA using a randomised dose escalation design. ONA at 2 doses was then combined with AA (1000mg od with pred 5mg bid) in pts progressing on AA. The primary end-points were safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-tumor activity split by p AR. Archival and metastatic biopsies were collected when possible and tested for PR status. p AR was studied using previous methods (Romanel STM 2015). Results: 21 pts received SA ONA (5 = 10mg/ 5 = 20mg/ 4 = 30mg/ 4 = 40mg /3 = 50mg BID) and 15 pts received ONA-AA combination (5 = 30mg ONA BID, 10 = 50mg ONA BID). There were not DLTs or significant LFT abnormalities and no G3/4 adverse events (AE), no treatment discontinuations due to AEs and no SAEs considered related to ONA. PK in SA ONA observed active plasma concentrations and no interaction with AA. Of 32 evaluated pts 15 had a 2105T > A (p.L702H) or 2632A > G (p.T878A) AR mutation detected in plasma pre-treatment and 1 had AR copy number gain. PSA declines were not observed with SA ONA but in 2 pts with combination (-30%, -7%) who were AR normal. The rPFS on SA ONA was 2.8 months for AR normal and 2.6 for AR aberrant (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.41; 95% CI, 0.62-3.72; P 0.48) and on combination was 4.4 months for AR normal (8/15) and 2.2 for AR aberrant (7/15) (HR 6.08; 95%CI, 6.32-221.9; P < 0.001). Conclusions: ONA is safe in CRPC as SA and in combination with AA. There was no difference in rPFS by p AR status for SA ONA but on the combination with AA, pts who were plasma AR normal had a significantly longer rPFS. Clinical trial information: NCT02049190.

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24

Henderson, Daniel R., and Gordon S. Mitchell. "Short-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in goats: effects of 8-OH-DPAT and MPPI." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): R1880—R1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.5.r1880.

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Increased respiratory dead space increases the exercise ventilatory response, a response known as short-term modulation (STM). We hypothesized that STM results from a spinal, serotonin (5-HT)-dependent mechanism. Because 5-HT1A autoreceptors on caudal brain stem raphe neurons inhibit 5-HT release, we hypothesized that 5-HT1A-receptor agonists would inhibit, whereas 5-HT1A-receptor antagonists would enhance, STM. Ventilatory and arterial blood-gas measurements were made at rest and during exercise (4.0–4.5 km/h, 5% grade) in goats with the respiratory mask alone or with increased dead space (0.20–0.25 liter), before and after intravenous administration of the 5-HT1A-receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 0.1 mg/kg) or the antagonist 4-iodo- N-{2-[4-(methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}- N-2-pyridinylbenzamide (MPPI; 0.08 mg/kg). 8-OH-DPAT increased the slope of the arterial Pco 2 vs. metabolic CO2production relationship and decreased the ventilation vs. metabolic CO2 production relationship during exercise with increased dead space (not with the mask alone), indicating an impairment of STM. In contrast, MPPI had minimal effects on any measured variable. Although nonspecific effects of 8-OH-DPAT cannot be ruled out, impaired STM is consistent with the hypothesis that STM requires active raphe serotonergic neurons and 5-HT release.

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25

Long, J. A., and M. K. Barton. "The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis." Development 125, no. 16 (August 15, 1998): 3027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.16.3027.

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The apical portion of the Arabidopsis globular stage embryo gives rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene is required for SAM formation during embryogenesis and for SAM function throughout the lifetime of the plant. To more precisely define the development of molecular pattern in the apical portion of the embryo, and the role of the STM gene in the development of this pattern, we have examined AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) and CLAVATA1 (CLV1) expression in wild-type and stm mutant embryos. The transcripts of these genes mark subdomains within the apical portion of the embryo. Our results indicate that: (1) the molecular organization characteristic of the vegetative SAM is not present in the globular embryo but instead develops gradually during embryogenesis; (2) radial pattern exists in the apical portion of the embryo prior to and independent of STM with STM expression itself responding to radial information; (3) the embryonic SAM consists of central and peripheral subdomains that express different combinations of molecular markers and differ in their ultimate fates; and (4) STM activity is required for UFO expression, STM is required for maintenance but not onset of CLV1 expression and the pattern of ANT expression is independent of STM.

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Xu, Lifang, and Qing Fang. "Internationalization of Chinese STM Journal Publishing." Publishing Research Quarterly 29, no. 2 (March 7, 2013): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12109-013-9309-4.

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27

Scoggin, Kristin, Rachel Lynch, Jyotsana Gupta, Aravindh Nagarajan, Maxwell Sheffield, Ahmed Elsaadi, Christopher Bowden, et al. "Genetic background influences survival of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the Collaborative Cross." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): e1010075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010075.

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Salmonella infections typically cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, but in some individuals these bacteria can spread systemically and cause disseminated disease. Salmonella Typhimurium (STm), which causes severe systemic disease in most inbred mice, has been used as a model for disseminated disease. To screen for new infection phenotypes across a range of host genetics, we orally infected 32 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with STm and monitored their disease progression for seven days by telemetry. Our data revealed a broad range of phenotypes across CC strains in many parameters including survival, bacterial colonization, tissue damage, complete blood counts (CBC), and serum cytokines. Eighteen CC strains survived to day 7, while fourteen susceptible strains succumbed to infection before day 7. Several CC strains had sex differences in survival and colonization. Surviving strains had lower pre-infection baseline temperatures and were less active during their daily active period. Core body temperature disruptions were detected earlier after STm infection than activity disruptions, making temperature a better detector of illness. All CC strains had STm in spleen and liver, but susceptible strains were more highly colonized. Tissue damage was weakly negatively correlated to survival. We identified loci associated with survival on Chromosomes (Chr) 1, 2, 4, 7. Polymorphisms in Ncf2 and Slc11a1, known to reduce survival in mice after STm infections, are located in the Chr 1 interval, and the Chr 7 association overlaps with a previously identified QTL peak called Ses2. We identified two new genetic regions on Chr 2 and 4 associated with susceptibility to STm infection. Our data reveal the diversity of responses to STm infection across a range of host genetics and identified new candidate regions for survival of STm infection.

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Guimaraes, Octavio, John Wagner, Jerry Spears, and Terry Engle. "226 Influence of trace mineral source on digestion, ruminal volatile fatty acid and soluble mineral on steers fed a dairy type diet balanced to meet requirements for a high producing lactating dairy cow." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.231.

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Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 530.9 ± 22.7kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used to determine the impact of trace mineral source on digestibility, ruminal VFA, and soluble concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Steers were fed a dairy type diet balanced to meet requirements for a high producing lactating dairy cow (DM basis: 16.8% CP, 29.2 Mcal NEm, 30.3 Mcal NEl, 33.6% NDF) for 21 d. Treatments consisted of 10 mg Cu, 40 mg Mn, and 60 mg Zn/kg DM from either sulfate (STM), hydroxy (HTM; IntelliBond) or organic (ORG; metal specific amino acid complexes) sources (n=4 steers/treatment). Following a 21-d adaptation period, total fecal output was collected for 5 d. On d 6, rumen fluid was collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post feeding and analyzed for VFA. Steers were then fed the same diet without supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 14 d. On d 15 steers received a pulse dose (cannulae) of 100 mg Cu, 400 mg Mn, and 60 mg Zn from either STM, HTM, or ORG. Ruminal samples were obtained at 2-h intervals starting at -4 and ending at 24 h post dosing and analyzed for soluble Cu, Mn, and Zn. Digestibility of NDF and ADF were lesser (P < 0.05) in STM vs. HTM and ORG supplemented steers. Steers receiving HTM and ORG had greater (P < 0.05) total VFA concentrations than STM supplemented steers at 2 and 4h post feeding. Ruminal soluble Cu and Zn concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) post dosing in STM and ORG supplemented steers at 2, 4, and 6 h for Cu and 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h for Zn when compared to HTM supplemented steers. Results indicate that ruminal solubility of Cu and Zn differs between STM, HTM and ORG sources and trace mineral source impacts fiber digestion and ruminal VFA concentrations.

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Wang, Ming-Hsi, Chuen-Den Tseng, and Shyi-Yann Bair. "Q-T interval prolongation and pleomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia (`Torsade de pointes') in organophosphate poisoning: report of a case." Human & Experimental Toxicology 17, no. 10 (October 1998): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719801701010.

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1 A 63-year-old woman presented with drowsy consciousness and dyspnea, followed by respiratory failure, after taking a bottle of parathion for suicide. 2 Sinus tachycardia was noted initially by ECG and Q-T interval prolongation with pleomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia (`Torsade de pointes') occurred on the third day of admission. 3 Torsade de pointes was relieved by magnesium sulfate and atropine sulfate intravenously. Q-T interval returned to normal on the fifth day of admission. 4 Practicing physicians should be aware of this uncommon type of cardiac toxicity caused by organophosphate poisoning, Q-T interval prolongation and pleomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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30

Shubik, Yu V. "Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia: what is it?" Jounal of arrhythmology 26, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35336/va-2019-4-59-63.

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The differences between polymorphic spindle-shaped (such as “pirouette”, “torsade de pointes”) and polymorphic bidirectional ventricular tachycardia are discussed, examples of these life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are given.

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31

JONES, T. S., C. F. McCONVILLE, F. M. LEIBSLE, and N. V. RICHARDSON. "ORDERED AND DISORDERED Sb-RICH InSb(100) SURFACES STUDIED BY STM." Surface Review and Letters 01, no. 04 (December 1994): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x94000552.

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Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to study the asymmetric-(1×3) and c(4×4) Sb-terminated reconstructions of InSb(100). STM images show that these are examples of ordered and disordered reconstructions respectively. The c(4×4) structure involves the chemisorption of excess Sb onto an already Sb-terminated surface with the resultant formation of Sb-Sb bonds in the surface layer. The (1×3) structure, however, consists of short chains of individual Sb atoms in the top surface layer. The c(4×4) structure can be converted into the A-(1×3) by annealing to 500 K with the subsequent loss of Sb.

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32

Guimaraes, Octavio, Clarissa M. Carver, Meghan P. Thorndyke, Arquimides Reyes, Jerry Spears, Terry E. Engle, and John J. Wagner. "PSXVI-23 The influence of trace mineral source on digestion, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and mineral solubility in beef cattle fed a high concentrate feedlot diet." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.848.

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Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 530.9 ± 22.7kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used to determine the impact of trace mineral (TM) source on digestibility and ruminal VFA and soluble concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Zn. Steers were fed a high concentrate diet balanced to meet the requirement of finishing feedlot steers for 21d. Treatments consisted of Cu, Mn, and Zn supplemented at 18, 40, and 90 mg/kg DM, respectively, from either sulfate (STM) or hydroxy trace mineral (HTM) sources (n = 6 steers/treatment; experimental unit = steer). Following a 21-d adaptation period total fecal output was collected for 5 d. Trace mineral sources had no impact on nutrient digestibility. On d 6, rumen fluid was collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post-feeding for VFA analysis. There were no treatment x time interactions for any VFA measured. However, HTM steers had greater (P < 0.05) ruminal molar proportions of propionate and tended (P < 0.07) to have greater molar proportions of valerate compared to STM steers. Steers fed STM had greater (P < 0.05) molar proportions of butyrate compared to HTM steers. Steers were then fed the same high concentrate diet without supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 14 d. On d 15 steers received a pulse dose (via rumen cannula) from either STM or HTM. Ruminal samples were obtained at 2 h intervals starting at -4 and ending at 24 h relative to dosing. There was a treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05) for ruminal soluble Cu concentrations. Ruminal soluble mineral concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for Cu at 4, 6, 8, and 16 h post-dosing in STM compared to HTM supplemented steers. Results indicate that ruminal solubility of Cu differs between STM and HTM sources and may impact rumen fermentation characteristics.

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Guimaraes, Octavio, Sam Jalali, John Wagner, Jerry Spears, and Terry Engle. "414 The influence of trace mineral source on fiber digestion, rumen fermentation characteristics, and mineral solubility in beef cattle fed a low-quality forage diet." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.344.

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Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 452.8 ±21.8 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used to determine the impact of trace mineral source on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and ruminal solubility of Cu, Mn, and Zn. Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (10.8% CP, 63.1% NDF, 6.9 mg Cu/kg, 65.5 mg Mn/kg, and 39.4 mg Zn/kg) supplemented with protein for 21 d. Treatments consisted of 20, 40, and 60 mg supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn/kg DM, respectively from either sulfate (STM) or hydroxy (HTM) sources (n = 6 steers/treatment). Following a 21-d adaptation period total fecal output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter digestibility tended (P < 0.07) to be reduced (51.9 vs. 53.4 ±0.52%) and NDF digestibility was reduced (P < 0.04; 40.4 vs. 42.7 ±0.67%) in STM vs. HTM steers. On d 6, rumen fluid was collected at 0, 2, and 4h post feeding. Steers receiving HTM had lesser (P < 0.02) butyric acid and greater (P < 0.05) total SCFA than STM steers. Steers were then fed the same grass hay diet without supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 14 d. On d 15 steers received a pulse dose of 20, 40, and 60 mg Cu, Mn, and Zn/kg DM, respectively from either STM or HTM. Ruminal samples were obtained at 2h intervals starting at -4 and ending at 24h relative to dosing. Ruminal soluble mineral concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for Cu at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14h; for Mn at 4 and 6h; and for Zn at 4, 6, and 8h post dosing in STM compared to HTM steers. Results indicate that ruminal solubility of Cu, Mn, and Zn differs between STM and HTM sources and rumen Cu, Mn, and Zn solubility may impact ruminal fermentation.

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34

Spence, D. J., and S. P. Tear. "STM studies of the Ge(111)4×4Ag reconstruction." Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 67, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050826.

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35

Bruhn, Thomas, Bjørn-Ove Fimland, Norbert Esser, and Patrick Vogt. "STM analysis of defects at the GaAs(001)-c(4×4) surface." Surface Science 617 (November 2013): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.07.012.

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36

Oades, Robert D., and Boutheina Jemel. "Where the magic breaks down: Boundaries and the “focus-of-attention” in schizophrenia." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 2001): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01443925.

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The boundaries, the influences on, and consequences of a short-term memory (STM) capacity of 4 leads us to consider global versus local processing. We argue that in schizophrenia cognitive problems can lie partly in pre-conscious automatic selective attention and partly with the speed of processing in later controlled processes (including compound STM). The influence of automatic attentional mechanisms may be under-estimated in normal psychology and explain the loss of the magic 4 in schizophrenia.

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37

Hoffmann, Joachim. "Speculations on the Origin of STM." Psychologica Belgica 50, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb-50-3-4-175.

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38

Itaya, K. "STM studies of solid/liquid interfaces." Nanotechnology 3, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/3/4/007.

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39

Ichimura, K., K. Nomura, T. Nakamura, T. Takaliashi, B. Hilti, and J. S. Zambounis. "STM spectroscopy of (MDT-TTF)2AuI2." Synthetic Metals 103, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 1873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(98)00243-4.

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40

Vorburger, T. V., J. A. Dagata, G. Wilkening, and K. Iizuka. "Industrial uses of STM and AFM." Computer Standards & Interfaces 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)92292-4.

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41

Nishikawa, Osamu, Masahiko Tomitori, and Akira Minakuchi. "Piezoelectric and eletrostrictive ceramics for STM." Surface Science Letters 181, no. 1-2 (March 1987): A91—A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(87)90727-4.

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42

Schweizer, T. F., U. Niemann, X. Que, Q. He, L. Zhou, M. Kim, H. Takagi, and D. Huang. "Epitaxial growth and scanning tunneling microscopy of LiV₂O₄ thin films on SrTiO₃(111)." APL Materials 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 021109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140576.

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LiV2O4 is a mixed-valent spinel oxide and one of a few transition-metal compounds to host a heavy fermion phase at low temperatures. Although numerous experimental studies have attempted to elucidate how its 3 d electrons undergo giant mass renormalization, spectroscopic probes that may provide crucial hints, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), remain to be applied. A prerequisite is atomically flat and pristine surfaces, which, in the case of LiV2O4, are difficult to obtain by the cleavage of small, three-dimensional crystals. We report the epitaxial growth of LiV2O4 thin films with bulklike properties on SrTiO3(111) via pulsed laser deposition and stable STM imaging of the LiV2O4(111) surface. The as-grown films were transferred ex situ to a room-temperature STM, where subsequent annealing with optional sputtering in ultrahigh vacuum enabled compact islands with smooth surfaces and a hexagonal 1 × 1 atomic lattice to be resolved. Our STM measurements provide insights into the growth mechanisms of LiV2O4 on SrTiO3(111) as well as demonstrate the feasibility of performing surface-sensitive measurements of this heavy fermion compound.

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43

Huh, So-Young, Su-Hyun Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, In Hye Jeong, Min Su Park, Sang-Hyun Lee, and Ho Jin Kim. "Short segment myelitis as a first manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516687043.

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Background: Some patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) present with spinal cord lesions extending fewer than three vertebral segments (short transverse myelitis, STM), hindering an early diagnosis. Objective: We investigated the frequency and imaging characteristics of STM lesions in patients presenting with myelitis as an initial manifestation of NMOSD. Methods: Patients seen at three referral hospitals in Korea between June 2005 and March 2015 who met the following inclusion criteria were recruited for review: seropositivity for aquaporin-4 antibody, initial presentation with myelitis and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed within 1 month of initial myelitis onset. Results: Of the 76 enrolled patients, 65 (85.5%) collectively had 69 longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis lesions, while the remaining 11 (14.5%) had a total of 15 STM lesions. Of the 15 STM lesions, 5 spanned 2.5 vertebral segments, 6 were continuous over two segments, 3 showed a length of 1.5 segments and 1 was confined to a single segment. On axial imaging, all of the STM lesions involved the central grey matter. Conclusion: These MRI findings suggested that STM does not preclude the possibility of an NMOSD diagnosis.

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44

Song, Jeongkeun, Hyunjoong Kim, Jihye Jung, and Seungwon Lee. "Soft-Tissue Mobilization and Pain Neuroscience Education for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain with Central Sensitization: A Prospective Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial." Biomedicines 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2023): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051249.

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This study was conducted to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of soft-tissue mobilization (STM) combined with pain neuroscience education (PNE) for patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain with central sensitization. A total of 28 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to either the STM group (SMG) (n = 14) or the STM plus PNE group (BG; blended group) (n = 14). STM was applied twice a week for four weeks, with a total of eight sessions, and PNE was applied within four weeks, for a total of two sessions. The primary outcome was pain intensity, and the secondary outcomes were central sensitization, pressure pain, pain cognition, and disability. Measurements were made at baseline, after the test, and at 2-week and 4-week follow-ups. The BG showed significant improvement in pain intensity (p < 0.001), pressure pain (p < 0.001), disability (p < 0.001), and pain cognition (p < 0.001) compared to the SMG. This study demonstrated that STM plus PNE is more effective for all measured outcomes compared to STM alone. This finding suggests that the combination of PNE and manual therapy has a positive effect on pain, disability index, and psychological factors in the short term.

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45

Pan, Ge-Bo, Jun Luo, Qi-Yu Zheng, and Li-Jun Wan. "Chiral Molecular Cavities of Calix[4]Crown on Au(111)." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 5702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.231.

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Well-ordered arrays of chiral molecular cavities have been constructed by self-assembly of inherently chiral calix[4]crown on Au(111) in 0.1 M HClO4 solution and investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The chiral features are clearly observed in high resolution STM images. It is found that the adsorption of the two enantiomers results in the same ordered structures with upright orientation on Au(111). Moreover, only phase separation has been observed for the racemic mixture of the two enantiomers in the experiment. This is mainly due to the weak molecule-substrate interaction as well as asymmetric geometrical structures of the two enantiomers. The present study provides a simple method for construction of ordered arrays of chiral molecular cavities, which are of potential in chemical sensors, chiral recognition, and nonlinear optics.

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46

Bernstein, Joshua G. W., Golbarg Mehraei, Shihab Shamma, Frederick J. Gallun, Sarah M. Theodoroff, and Marjorie R. Leek. "Spectrotemporal Modulation Sensitivity as a Predictor of Speech Intelligibility for Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 04 (April 2013): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.4.5.

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Background: A model that can accurately predict speech intelligibility for a given hearing-impaired (HI) listener would be an important tool for hearing-aid fitting or hearing-aid algorithm development. Existing speech-intelligibility models do not incorporate variability in suprathreshold deficits that are not well predicted by classical audiometric measures. One possible approach to the incorporation of such deficits is to base intelligibility predictions on sensitivity to simultaneously spectrally and temporally modulated signals. Purpose: The likelihood of success of this approach was evaluated by comparing estimates of spectrotemporal modulation (STM) sensitivity to speech intelligibility and to psychoacoustic estimates of frequency selectivity and temporal fine-structure (TFS) sensitivity across a group of HI listeners. Research Design: The minimum modulation depth required to detect STM applied to an 86 dB SPL four-octave noise carrier was measured for combinations of temporal modulation rate (4, 12, or 32 Hz) and spectral modulation density (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 cycles/octave). STM sensitivity estimates for individual HI listeners were compared to estimates of frequency selectivity (measured using the notched-noise method at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz), TFS processing ability (2 Hz frequency-modulation detection thresholds for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz carriers) and sentence intelligibility in noise (at a 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio) that were measured for the same listeners in a separate study. Study Sample: Eight normal-hearing (NH) listeners and 12 listeners with a diagnosis of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated. Data Collection and Analysis: STM sensitivity was compared between NH and HI listener groups using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. A stepwise regression analysis compared STM sensitivity for individual HI listeners to audiometric thresholds, age, and measures of frequency selectivity and TFS processing ability. A second stepwise regression analysis compared speech intelligibility to STM sensitivity and the audiogram-based Speech Intelligibility Index. Results: STM detection thresholds were elevated for the HI listeners, but only for low rates and high densities. STM sensitivity for individual HI listeners was well predicted by a combination of estimates of frequency selectivity at 4000 Hz and TFS sensitivity at 500 Hz but was unrelated to audiometric thresholds. STM sensitivity accounted for an additional 40% of the variance in speech intelligibility beyond the 40% accounted for by the audibility-based Speech Intelligibility Index. Conclusions: Impaired STM sensitivity likely results from a combination of a reduced ability to resolve spectral peaks and a reduced ability to use TFS information to follow spectral-peak movements. Combining STM sensitivity estimates with audiometric threshold measures for individual HI listeners provided a more accurate prediction of speech intelligibility than audiometric measures alone. These results suggest a significant likelihood of success for an STM-based model of speech intelligibility for HI listeners.

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47

Necchi, Andrea, Salvatore Lo Vullo, Patrizia Giannatempo, Daniele Raggi, Giuseppina Calareso, Elena Togliardi, Flavio Crippa, et al. "Pazopanib (PZP) in germ cell tumors (GCT) after chemotherapy (CT) failure: Final results of the open label, single-group, phase II Pazotest trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.414.

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414 Background: Therapeutic options for patients (pts) with chemoresistant GCT are limited and prognosis is poor. PZP is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with distinct antiangiogenic activity. Methods: In Pazotest trial (NCT01743482), pts were given PZP 800 mg/day until disease progression (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Eligibility included failure of ≥ 2 platinum-based CT, including high-dose (HD)-CT. Baseline serum tumor markers (STM), computed tomography and FDG-PET were repeated after 4 wks and q8 weeks thereafter. The primary endpoint was PFS (H0: 3-m PFS ≤ 10%, H1: ≥ 25%, α = 5%/β = 20%). PD was defined as rising STM, increasing size of nonteratomatous masses (RECIST v1.1), or the appearance of new lesions. Translational analyses included circulating IL8 levels and next generation sequencing of pre-PZP tissue from extreme responders. Results: 43 pts were enrolled from 05/2013 to 07/2016. 35 pts (81.4%) had nonseminoma, 6 (14%) primary mediastinal GCT. The number of failed CT regimen was: 2 (11.6%), 3 (51.2%), > 3 (37.2%). 53.5% had failed HDCT. 39 pts had elevated STM: 56.4% AFP, 43.6% HCG. Grade 3-4 adverse events were seen in 4 pts (increased AST/ALT). 26/39 pts (66.7%) had STM reduction (38.5% > 50% from baseline) after 4 wks. RECIST results: 1 partial response, 20 stable disease, 16 PD (6 not evaluable). 12 (27.9%) had a decreased FDG uptake. Median follow-up was 29.6 months. 3-m PFS was 12.8% (95%CI: 5.7-28.9), median PFS was 2.5 m (IQR: 1.0-3.0). 24-m OS was 14.2% (95%CI: 6.0-33.7). In pts with > 50% STM decline, 24-m OS was 24.1% (95%CI: 8.3-69.6). Univariably, STM was associated with OS (HCG vs AFP: HR: 2.73, 95%CI: 1.24-6.02, p = 0.042). Baseline and +4wks IL8 levels did not predict for PFS/OS. In 2 responding pts, new mutations were found ( FLT3, G846V and RAD50 E448Q classified as damaging; TSC2, R197M and TNF A16V classified as benign). Conclusions: PZP was well tolerated and showed predictable activity, with early but short-living STM decline. Long term survival was obtained in a significant proportion of pts. Based on the present results, PZP may be investigated in earlier disease stages as an optimal bridging therapy preceding salvage curative treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT01743482.

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48

Seong, Sicheon, Seulki Han, Young Ji Son, Namgyeong Lee, Gaeun Lee, Masahiko Hara, and Jaegeun Noh. "Growth Processes and Reductive Desorption Behaviors of 4-Fluorobenzenethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111)." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17852.

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Growth processes and electrochemical behaviors of 4-fluorobenzenethiol (4-FBT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) prepared by vapor deposition at 323 K were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). STM imaging revealed that 4-FBT SAMs at the initial growth stage (deposition for 1 min) were mainly composed of bright molecular aggregates and liquid-like disordered phase. After longer deposition for 3 min, 4-FBT SAMs had three distinct surface features: a few molecular aggregates, small ordered domains, and disordered phase. These small ordered domains with sizes ranging from 5 to 10 nm had a (4× √3)R30° packing structure. As deposition time increased to 24 h, long-range ordered domains larger than 40 nm were formed on Au(111) surfaces. From this STM study, we demonstrate that phase transitions of 4-FBT SAMs on Au(111) occur from molecular aggregates to large ordered domains via formation of small ordered domains as deposition time increases. CV measurements showed reductive desorption peaks for 4-FBT SAMs in the range of −638~−648 mV regardless of SAM morphology, suggesting that S–Au binding strength of 4-FBT SAMs on Au electrodes is a dominant factor for electrochemical stability.

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49

Asri, Asri, Khaerati Khaerati, and Elma Yunus. "PENERAPAN METODE SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI SMAN 4 KABUPATEN LUWU." Jurnal Biogenerasi 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v8i2.2719.

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Tujuan penelitian penerapan tindakan pembelajaran menggunakan model Sains Teknologi Masyarakat (STM) materi pencemaran lingkungan adalah untuk peningkatan pemahaman pengetahuan pencemran lingkungan diharapkan siswa memiliki kesadaran agar tidak ikut mencemari lingkungan yang sampai saat sekarang ini menjadi masalah nasional. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tidakan yang langsung diterapkan didalam kelas dengan cara penunjukan langsung (purposive sampling). Metode yang digunakan menggunakan tidakan empat langkah yaitu: (1) langkah perencanaan, (2) langkah tindakan, (3) langkah observasi, (4) langkah refleksi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: (1) hasil belajar menggunakan model Sains Teknologi Masyarakat (STM) materi pencemaran lingkungan untuk tidakan pertama diperoleh skor nilai rata-rata 43, 23 belum ada siswa yang lulus sesuai standar KKM ≥70. Dilanjutkan pada tindakan dua diperoleh skor nilaia rata-rata 83,58, jika skor angka ini dikonfirmasi pada standar nilai KKM maka ketuntasan hasil belajar 84,8%; (2) Penilaian observer pengelolaan pembelajaran empat kali pertemuan jika dikonfirmasi kriteria keterlaksanaan maka keterlaksanaan pengelolaan pembelajar kategori terlaksana dengan baik; (3) respon siswa penerapan model sains teknologi masyarakat (STM) materi pencemaran lingkungan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 2.79. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran sains teknologi masyarakat dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar yang signifikan

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50

Andreoli, Giuseppina, Cristina Merla, Claudia Dalla Valle, Francesco Corpus, Marina Morganti, Mario D'incau, Silvia Colmegna, et al. "Foodborne Salmonellosis in Italy: Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Monophasic Variant 4,[5],12:i− Isolated from Salami and Human Patients." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 4 (March 14, 2017): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-331.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:− (VMSTm) have been responsible for an increased number of foodborne infections in humans in Europe in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of three foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks that occurred in Pavia Province (Lombardy region, northern Italy) in 2010. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the STm and VMSTm isolates from patients and from food that were recovered in the framework of the three outbreaks were evaluated through serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Salami from three artisan producers, which had all purchased meat from the same slaughterhouse, was the food source of infection in outbreak I. STm isolates were recovered from salami and patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis. These isolates had the same PFGE type and the same rare MLVA profile (3-18-9-NA-211). The same molecular profiles were found in an STm isolate from a salami, which likely was the source of another family outbreak (II). A VMSTm strain with common phenotypic and molecular profiles was isolated from three hospitalized patients and identified as the cause of another putative outbreak (III). During the following 3 years (2011 through 2013), 360 salami produced in Pavia Province were monitored for the presence of S. enterica. In 2011, no STm and VMSTm isolates were recovered from 159 salami tested. During 2012 and 2013, 13.9% of 201 tested salami harbored S. enterica, and half of the isolates were VMSTm, mainly in salami from those artisan producers involved in the previous outbreaks. These isolates were genetically variable, especially in terms of MLVA profiles. The data collected suggest that from 2012, VMSTm has replaced STm in the environments of the salami producers monitored in this study, and these data confirm the dominance of this emergent serovar along the pork supply chain.

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