Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stirred tanks

Academic literature on the topic 'Stirred tanks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stirred tanks"

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Manshoor, Bukhari, Muhammad Faiq Mdsaufi, Izzuddin Zaman, and Amir Khalid. "CFD Analysis of Industrial Multi-Stage Impeller in Stirred Tank with Fractal Pattern Baffled and Impeller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.337.

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This paper presents tool for analysis of CFD adapted for flows in multi-staged stirred vessels with fractal pattern baffled for industrial. In order to develop a good mixing process model for stirred tanks, several way have been investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. Implementing fractal design into stirred tank’s baffle and impeller are believed to influence the flow characteristic inside the stirred tank. The mixing process will be conduct by using multi-stage stirred tanks. Hence, the study is to simulate a fractal pattern baffled stirred vessels with fractal base of impeller. Four models with a new concept and different design of stirred tank have been introduced and studied. The multi-stages stirred tanks will adapted with fractal base pattern concept. The simulation is carry out by using the standard k-ε turbulence model. The results have been analysis in order to prove that which one of that model is the most effective in mixing. The flows produced in stirred tank are different and relevant with each model. The velocity profiles also give a relevant and quite impressive result by each model. At the end, the results will be examined and compared with each data that use a common type of baffle and impeller design.
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Asencor, J., J. M. Gracia, and I. De Hoyos. "Stirred tanks: a didactic tool." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 24, no. 5 (September 1993): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739930240502.

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Steiros, K. "Transient torque in stirred tanks." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 831 (October 13, 2017): 554–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.652.

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The transient dynamics of stirred tanks whose impeller speed undergoes smooth or step changes is investigated. First, a low-order model is developed, linking the impeller torque with the ‘extent’ of the solid-body rotation in the tank, derived from an angular momentum balance in a control volume around the impeller. Utilisation of this model enables the prediction of the torque ‘spike’ appearing after an impulsive change of the shaft speed, and of the torque evolution during a quasi-steady transition. For the case of a small impulsive change in the shaft speed, a characteristic spin-up time is also proposed. Torque measurements performed in an unbaffled stirred tank show considerable agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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Wu, J., B. Nguyen, G. Lane, S. Wang, R. Parthasarathy, and L. J. Graham. "Process Intensification in Stirred Tanks." Chemical Engineering & Technology 35, no. 7 (June 5, 2012): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201100712.

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Zivkovic, Goran, and Stevan Nemoda. "Modeling of bubble break-up in stirred tanks." Thermal Science 8, no. 1 (2004): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0401029z.

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The Lagrangian code LAG3D for dispersed phase flow modeling was implemented with the introduction of bubble break-up model. The research was restricted on bubbles with diameter less than 2 mm, i.e. bubbles which could be treated as spheres. The model was developed according to the approach of Martinez-Bazan model. It was rearranged and adjusted for the use in the particular problem of flow in stirred tanks. Developed model is stochastic one, based on the assumption that shear in the flow induces the break of the bubble. As a dominant parameter a dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy was used. Computations were performed for two different types of the stirrer: Rushton turbine, and Pitch blade turbine. The geometry of the tank was kept constant (four blades). Two different types of liquids with very big difference in viscosity were used, i.e. silicon oil and dimethylsulfoxide, in order to enable computation of the flow in turbulent regime as well. As a parameter of the flow, the number of rotations of the stirrer was varying. As a result of the computation the fields of velocity of both phases were got, as well as the fields of bubble concentration bubble mean diameter and bubble Sauter diameter. To estimate the influence of the break-up model on the processes in the stirred tank a computations with and without this model were performed and compared. A considerable differences were found not only in the field of bubble diameter, but also in the field of bubble concentration. That confirmed a necessity of the introduction of such model. A comparison with the experiments performed with phase Doppler anemometry technique showed very good agreement in velocity and concentration profiles of the gas phase. The results for the average bubble diameter are qualitatively the same, but in almost all computations about 20% smaller bubble diameter was got than in the measurements.
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Bhattacharya, S., D. Hebert, and S. M. Kresta. "Air Entrainment in Baffled Stirred Tanks." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, no. 5 (January 2007): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd06184.

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Alves, S. S., C. I. Maia, J. M. T. Vasconcelos, and A. J. Serralheiro. "Bubble size in aerated stirred tanks." Chemical Engineering Journal 89, no. 1-3 (October 2002): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(02)00008-6.

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Zamankhan, P. "Enhanced Mass Transfer in Stirred Tanks." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 3 (March 2010): 508–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200900347.

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Luo, Xiaotong, Jiachuan Yu, Bo Wang, and Jingtao Wang. "Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamics in Stirred Tanks with Liquid-Solid Flow Studied by CFD–DEM Method." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050849.

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The heat transfer and hydrodynamics of particle flows in stirred tanks are investigated numerically in this paper by using a coupled CFD–DEM method combined with a standard k-e turbulence model. Particle–fluid and particle–particle interactions, and heat transfer processes are considered in this model. The numerical method is validated by comparing the calculated results of our model to experimental results of the thermal convection of gas-particle flows in a fluidized bed published in the literature. This coupling model of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element (CFD–DEM) method, which could calculate the particle behaviors and individual particle temperature clearly, has been applied for the first time to the study of liquid-solid flows in stirred tanks with convective heat transfers. This paper reports the effect of particles on the temperature field in stirred tanks. The effects on the multiphase flow convective heat transfer of stirred tanks without and with baffles as well as various heights from the bottom are investigated. Temperature range of the multiphase flow is from 340 K to 350 K. The height of the blade is varied from about one-sixth to one-third of the overall height of the stirred tank. The numerical results show that decreasing the blade height and equipping baffles could enhance the heat transfer of the stirred tank. The calculated temperature field that takes into account the effects of particles are more instructive for the actual processes involving solid phases. This paper provides an effective method and is helpful for readers who have interests in the multiphase flows involving heat transfers in complex systems.
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Saravanathamizhan, R., R. Paranthaman, N. Balasubramanian, and C. Ahmed Basha. "Tanks in Series Model for Continuous Stirred Tank Electrochemical Reactor." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 9 (May 2008): 2976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie071426q.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stirred tanks"

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Chin, Ching-Ju. "Particle flocculation in stirred tanks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21253.

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Distelhoff, Markus Friedrich Wilhelm. "Scalar mixing in stirred tanks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265206.

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Hackett, L. A. "Gas-liquid mixing in stirred tanks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373092.

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Appa, Harish. "Multiphase CFD modelling of stirred tanks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5548.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70).
Stirred tanks agitated with Rushton turbines are commonly used in industry, for instance mixing processes and flotation systems. The need for more efficient systems in industries has led to the study of fluid flow within the tanks upon agitation; so that a better understanding of the phenomena can help in the optimisation of the tanks. In the recent years, efforts have been made towards the development of predictive methods using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Among the various numerical works presented, emphasis was laid mainly on single phase systems. However, due to the various processes involving gas-liquid systems, the need for multiphase modelling of stirred tanks became increasingly important. This has led to more research studies involving multiphase flows. Most of the work reported showed good prediction of the velocity data and the power draw, reasonable turbulence parameters. But, the prediction of the gas hold-up was rarely well established. Therefore, the aim of this thesis, based on the numerical work presented by Engelbrecht (2006), is to investigate the discrepancies reported and to develop a multiphase model of a stirred tank agitated by a Rushton turbine. The commercially available CFD code FLUENT@ was used to model the agitated gas-liquid system. The results were validated with the numerical work of Engelbrecht (2006) and the experimental work presented by Deglon (1998). Two main cases were investigated, with a steady state and a transient approach. The QUICK scheme was used for the discretisation of the volume fraction and momentum and the first order upwind scheme for the discretisation of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. The standard k - E turbulence model was used to account for the turbulent flow regime. A steady state MRF model was used for the investigation of the discrepancy reported by Engelbrecht (2006). The author reported that no convergence was achieved with such models. Solving the problem would have resulted in a good modelling approach for the prediction of gas dispersion, since steady state models are not computationally intensive. Three different boundary conditions, namely, a pressure outlet, an outflow and a velocity inlet, were used to model the outlet of the tank. The Euler-Euler multiphase model was used to simulate the gas-liquid system for the steady state model.
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De, Renzis Diletta. "Fluid dynamic analysis in three-phase stirred tanks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The aim of this study is to measure the three characteristic agitator speeds (loading speed, complete dispersion speed and just drawdown speed) in a mechanically agitated vessel containing three phases (gas, solid and liquid phases). The gas phase is air, the liquid phase is a water solution with 15% (by weight) concentration of glucose and the solid phase is made by particles of polyethylene that present two different mean values of diameter (dp = 3,025mm and dp = 4,025mm). The first system considered was a vessel agitated by only one impeller (Smith turbine) and the second system was one vessel agitated by two impellers (Smith turbine and pitched blade turbine). The aim of the experiment was to understand how the solid concentration, the volumetric gas flow rate and the mean diameter of the solid particles can affect the 3 characteristic speeds in the two different mechanically agitated systems. A comparison between the two system was made in different conditions of: - solid particles concentration - volumetric gas flow rate - diameter of the solid particles
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Zipp, Robert Philip. "Turbulent mixing of unpremixed reactants in stirred tanks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184832.

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The turbulent mixing process between two liquid streams in a standard tank stirred by a Rushton turbine has been studied. Experimental measurements of concentration and segregation (fluctuating concentration) have been made for both reacting and non-reacting flows. For the non-reacting case, one stream was marked with a fluorescent dye; the local concentration was measured using a fluorescence technique and a bifurcated fiber optic probe of custom design. Measurements were taken at two axial-radial planes within the tank. In the reacting case, the second-order reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid was studied, and urinine acted as a fluorescent indicator which became non-fluorescent as the reaction proceeded. Numerical studies of the mixing in the laboratory-scale vessel were made. FLUENT, a general-purpose fluid flow modelling program, was used to simulate the flow within the tank. This program uses a k-epsilon closure of the turbulent momentum equations. The program was modified to allow the inclusion of a segregation balance equation. Using this segregation balance technique, the turbulent species balance equations were solved. The results of these simulations agreed with the experimental measurements in all regions except the region near the entrance jets, where the model could not adequately predict the fluid behavior. This study has successfully predicted the behavior of reacting fluids in a bench-scale turbulently mixed stirred tank by the implementation of a segregation balance throughout the entire domain.
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Özcan-Taskin, N. Gül. "On the effects of viscoelasticity in stirred tanks." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1993. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5407/.

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Mixing viscoelastic fluids is common to many chemical and biochemical process industries where the rheological properties of the bulk change considerably over the time course. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of viscoelasticity in mechanically agitated vessels (on: i- the power consumption and flow patterns in single phase and gassed systems, ii- mixing time under unaerated conditions and iii- cavities in the presence of gas) and to study the performance of InterMIGs in comparison to the classical six bladed disc turbines. Model viscoelastic fluids prepared exhibited only slight shear thinning properties (Boger fluid type), hence the effects of viscoelasticity could be studied in the absence of other rheological properties. Results obtained with these fluids were compared to those with viscous Newtonian glycerol covering the transitional flow regime (50< Re< 1000). Additionally, some work was also conducted in water for a preliminary characterisation of InterMIGs. In the relatively low range of Elasticity numbers (El < 3.5 x 10\(^-\)\(^3\)) covered, secondary flow patterns were not reversed. The power drawn under unaerated conditions was higher in viscoelastic fluids (at a given Reynolds number) for both impeller types that had to compete with mutually opposing viscoelastic forces. An experimental set-up to measure mixing times in viscous fluids (using the fluorescent dye-fibre optic technique) was installed. Reduced secondary circulations in viscoelastic fluids resulted in longer mixing times. Power consumption under aeration was also higher in viscoelastic fluids than that in Newtonian glycerol. Different from the findings under unaerated conditions, this enhancement was independent of the level of viscoelasticity. Cavities, hence the power drawn under aeration, were in general stable with respect to the variations in the gas flow rate in viscous fluids. This stability was found to be accentuated by viscoelasticity. InterMIGs underwent viscoelastic effects more severely on account of the complicated interaction of the viscoelastically driven flows with the flows associated with the inner and outer blades of these impellers. They presented a better choice in low and high viscosity Newtonian fluids and their performance was comparable to that of a single Rushton turbine in viscoelastic fluids.
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Leka, Suida. "On mixing and aeration of Rushton turbine stirred tanks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The present study investigates the influence of the fluid properties on the mixing and aeration process of a Rushton turbine stirred tanks. Once the Rushton turbine agitated reactor is designed and developed following common standards, the effects of the viscosity, density, and surface tension on the bubbling process are evaluated. The size of single gas bubbles issued from a submerged nozzle is estimated at constant gas flow rate varying the orifice diameter, gas phase injected, and the liquid medium. Four orifice diameters are used: 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 5.0 mm in diameter. As liquid medium, glycerine aqueous solutions at three different glycerine volume concentrations (20%, 40% and 60%), salt aqueous solution (300 g/L of salt) and surfactant solutions using Tween 20 at 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM concentrations, are employed for the experiments. Instead, air and argon are used to analyse the influence of the gas properties on the bubble size. Subsequently, the evaluations of the bubble frequency, the time rising, gas hold up and power consumption are performed considering all the investigated solutions. The mentioned experiments are carried out at three different impeller speed: 0, 185 and 315 RPM. It has been found that the fluid properties have an important role on the bubble size which largely influence the gas frequency, the time rising, and the gas hold up. Finally, the objective is to study qualitatively the shape of the gaseous cavities in relation with the agitator speed and the gas phase flow rate in order to understand in which flow regime the different gas cavities are present. The experiments are carried out using water as liquid medium and air for the gas phase. Two different cases are investigated. In the first case, the impeller speed was varied from 150 RPM to 600 RPM, maintaining constant the gas flow rate at 0.5 L/min. In the second case, the impeller speed has been kept constant at 500RPM and the gas flow rate varied from 0.5 L/min to 1.5 L/min.
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Aoyi, Ochieng. "A hydrodynamic study of nickel suspension in stirred tanks." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6693.

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Many studies on solid-liquid mixing have been dedicated to low density particles at low solids concentrations. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and experimental methods were employed to study suspension of high density particles (nickel) at high solids concentration in water. The work first focused on establishing the velocity field in a liquid-only system and then progressed to a solid-liquid system. In the liquid-only system, the influence of tank geometry and simulation strategies, including turbulence models, on fluid flow pattern and mixing was investigated in a tank stirred by a Rushton turbine. The standard k-f. model gave better overall predictions of mean velocity fields than the k-ro and RNG k-f. models. The CFD simulation and experimental results obtained with the laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) method showed that mixing time and homogenization energy decreased with a decrease in the impeller bottom clearance. It was further shown that there is a bottom clearance range in which a draft tube can aid mixing in a tank stirred by the Rushton turbine. In the solid-liquid system, a hydrofoil impeller was used to investigate the influence of simulation strategies, particle properties and hydrodynamic operating conditions on mixing features such as the off-bottom solids suspension, cloud height, solids concentration distribution and local particle size distribution. The simulation results were compared with experimental ones, in which the off-bottom solids suspension was determined visually and an optical attenuation technique was employed to determine the cloud height and solids concentration distribution. The local particle size distribution (PSD) in the tank was measured by a laser diffraction method. A better agreement between the simulation and experimental results was obtained with drag models that account for the solids loading or free stream turbulence than those that do not. It was shown that the Stokes law applies up to a diameter of 150 ~m for the nickel particles. A CFD simulation strategy for studying mixing of high density solids is proposed and it is shown that a CFD simulation method can be used to develop empirical models that predict mixing features. A CFD simulation approach that takes particle size into account gives predictions that are more representative of practical applications than the mono-size particle simulation approach. Reactor configurations and hydrodynamic parameters that improve mixing were identified. These can also aid optimal design of mixing systems.
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Ziman, Harry John. "Computer prediction of chemically reacting flows in stirred tanks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46632.

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Books on the topic "Stirred tanks"

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Özcan-Taşkin, N. Gül. On the effects of viscoelasticity in stirred tanks. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Rainer, Schmitz. Circulation time studies in newtonian and non-newtonian fluids in stirred tanks. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Cossor, Graham. Mixing of viscous and non-Newtonian fluids in stirred tanks: A study by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Drain, Simon Michael. The development of a competing reaction scheme and its application to the study of mixing in stirred tanks. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1987.

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Verschuren, Iris Lean Marieke. Feed stream mixing in stirred tank reactors. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2001.

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Rodrigues, P. A. L. Feasibility of using immobilised cells in stirred tank fermenters. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Kennedy, Mark William. Chlorination of magnesium carbonate in a stirred tank reactor. [s.l: s.n.]., 1996.

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Tyagi, Rajesh. Control of pH in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Hu, Windy Chiung Wen. Anaerobic digestion of liquid wastewaters from food industry using continuously stirred tank reactors. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2001.

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Chamsāt, Sētthawat. Rāingān kānwičhai rư̄ang kānʻō̜kbǣp phatthanā læ kānkhayāi sūan patikō̜n chīwaphāp bǣp thangkūan samrap kānsalāi pǣng mansampalang =: Design, development, and scale-up of stirred tank lysis bioreactor for enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch. [Chonburi]: Khana Witthayāsāt, Mahāwitthayālai Būraphā, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stirred tanks"

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David, René. "Turbulent Reactive Flows of Liquids in Isothermal Stirred Tanks." In Lecture Notes in Engineering, 381–412. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9631-4_22.

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Wu, Y. B., and W. Feng. "Numerical Simulation of Three-dimensional Flow Field in Quadrate Stirred Tanks." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research, 420–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_138.

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Alves, P. M., J. L. Moreira, J. M. Rodrigues, J. G. Aunins, and M. J. T. Carrondo. "Influence of the Culture System Upon Growth and Productivity of Animal Cells in Stirred Tanks." In Animal Cell Technology: Developments Towards the 21st Century, 105–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0437-1_17.

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Williams, R. A., X. Jia, R. M. West, and K. J. Roberts. "On-Line Measurement of Solids Distribution in Stirred Tanks and Crystallizers Using Electrical Computed Tomography." In Mixing and Crystallization, 113–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2290-2_11.

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Reuss, Matthias, and Rakesh Bajpai. "Stirred Tank Models." In Biotechnology, 299–348. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620852.ch10.

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Noble, J. B., G. H. Cowan, W. P. Sweetenham, and H. A. Chase. "The Application of Modelling to the Prediction of Adsorption in Batch-Stirred Tanks, Packed-Bed and Fluidised-Bed Columns in Biotechnological Separations." In Ion Exchange Advances, 214–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_28.

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Barbieri, Giuseppe. "Continuous Stirred Tank Membrane Reactor (CST-MR)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 448–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_152.

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Barbieri, Giuseppe. "Continuous Stirred Tank Membrane Reactor (CST-MR)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_152-1.

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Sanjuan-Galindo, Rene, Enrique Soto, Gabriel Ascanio, and Roberto Zenit. "Oil Filaments Produced in a Stirred Tank." In Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Fluid Dynamics, 509–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17958-7_51.

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Papavasiliou, Georgia, and Fouad Teymour. "Nonlinear Dynamics in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Polymerization." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Polymeric Systems, 309–23. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0869.ch024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stirred tanks"

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Yang, Yihong, Roe-Hoan Yoon, Demetri P. Telionis, Asa Weber, and Don Foreman. "Flow Property Measurements of Stirred-Tank Flow Across Three Reynolds Number Decades." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55154.

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The flow in stirred tanks is very complicated because it passes around the rotating impeller blades, interacts with the stationary baffles or stator blades leading to high-intensity turbulence, and then goes through loops and returns to the impeller region. A penetrating understanding of the flow in stirred tanks is necessary for the tank design and optimization, because it could have a significant impact to the overall design characteristics, which will affect directly the production, the quality of the product and the maintenance costs. Despite the recent advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), testing still plays a vital role in the development of high-performance stirred tanks. This paper describes measurements and results obtained by traversing a five-hole probe in a 6-m3 stirred tank. The three-dimensional flow field was obtained. The separation region was also detected. The majority of the measurements were conducted in the 6-m3 tank, but unique to this investigation are measurements we have conducted with Pitot tubes in an 160-m3 geometrically-similar full-scale tank. We also have earlier results obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in another geometrically-similar but much smaller tank, namely a 0.1m3 tank. This provides the unique opportunity to explore how such flows scale with size and speed, extending to Reynolds numbers that approach ten million. Some numerical results were also conducted, using the commercial code FLUENT, and the results are presented together with the experimental data.
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Ascanio, Gabriel, Ste´phane Foucault, and Philippe A. Tanguy. "New Chaotic Approach for Mixing Shear-Thinning Fluids in Stirred Tanks." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45296.

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The mixing of inelastic shear-thinning fluids has been investigated by using a chaotic approach. Two different scenarios based on single and dual off-centered impellers have been proposed and compared to the standard configuration (steady stirring) showing the potentialities and drawbacks of the proposed arrangements. Mixing times were evaluated by means of color-discoloration technique based on a fast acid-base indicator reaction. An aqueous solution of low concentrated purple bromocresol was used as tracer and added to the tank in the beginning of the experiments and then NaOH or HCl were added to the fluid to be tested in order to change its pH and as a consequence its color. It is demonstrated that, if the operating conditions of the proposed scenarios are properly set, the mixing times can be drastically reduced compared to those obtained under the standard configuration.
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Bittorf, Kevin J. "Applying the Galerkin Least Squares Finite Element Method for Solving Stirred Tank Velocity Fields." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31361.

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The Galerkin Least Squares finite element solver, in conjunction with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence closure model, is used to solve the RANS based equations for flow fields in stirred tank reactors. This GLS finite element method is well established in the aerospace industry and presently is being validated for flow fields used in industrial processes that are commonly found in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and personal products industries. The CFD results, computed in the commercial package ORCA, compared well with experimental data attained for the dominating macro flow structures in an axial and radial impeller stirred tanks. The CFD quantitatively predicts the two and three-dimensional wall jet structures that govern the bulk flow in a stirred tank and are responsible for blending, solid suspension, and macro-flow. This area of experimentation provides an initial basis for CFD validation for bulk flows in stirred tank reactors.
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Bouzgarrou, Ghazi, Zied Driss, Wajdi Chtourou, and Mohamed Salah Abid. "EFFECT OF THE MODIFIED PITCHED BLADE TURBINES ON THE FLOW PATTERN IN STIRRED TANKS." In CONV-09. Proceedings of International Symposium on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Sustainable Energy. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2009.conv.920.

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Basavarajappa, Manjunath, and Sanja Miskovic. "Numerical Study of Single Phase Liquid Mixing in Stirred Tanks Fitted With Rushton Turbine and Flotation Impeller." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65277.

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Mixing is a complex process and usually involves continuous reduction of length and time scales associated with fluid(s) being mixed. Mixing is an essential process and finds widespread application in a range of industries. Due to lack of understanding of the mixing process, industries lose a significant amount of money contributed by increased power consumption and longer process times. In this work a thorough comparison of flow, mixing, and turbulence characteristics of Rushton turbine (RT) and a flotation impeller, variation of disc turbine, is performed for single phase flows using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The fluid used is water. Base case validation and model verification is performed by comparing our CFD results with widely accepted Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) experimental results for the Rushton Turbine. Multiple reference frame (MRF) technique, a pseudo-steady modeling method, is used to model the impeller motion on flow characteristics at different Reynolds numbers (Re). Turbulence closure is provided using RANS based two equation realizable k-ε turbulence model. Grid independence studies are carried out a sufficiently fine grid is selected to capture the fine flow structures close to the impeller, though radial velocity close to impeller was under-predicted compared to experimental results. Effects of finite impeller blade and disc thicknesses on the local flow field, which are commonly modeled as thin surfaces, are explored. Various tank geometric variations, like different impeller clearances, and impeller diameter to tank diameter ratios (DI/DT), are also investigated. The numerical results will help in understanding the effect of impeller design on local and bulk flow characteristics and turbulence anisotropy close to the impeller. The results from this work will direct the tank and impeller design choices for two phase solid-liquid flows for future investigations.
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Bakker, Andre´. "Modeling Turbulence in Stirred Vessels: A Review and Recent Developments." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3102.

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Prediction of the mixing of multi-component fluids is important in many chemical process applications. Although laminar mixing is a complicated process per se (involving multi-component diffusion coefficients, for example), there is a far greater challenge in predicting mixing in turbulent flows because of their intrinsic, chaotic nature. In turbulent flows, large-scale eddies with coherent structures are mainly responsible for the mixing of passive scalars. The large-scale eddies embody themselves in the form of identifiable and organized distributions of vorticity. In addition, the mixing process involves all mechanisms typically found in vortex dynamics, such as stretching, break-up, concatenation, and self-induction of vortices. Experimental work suggests that large-scale, time-dependent structures, with periods much longer than the time of an impeller revolution, are involved in many of the fundamental hydrodynamic processes in stirred vessels. For example, local velocity data histograms may be bi-modal or tri-modal, even though they are being analyzed as having only one mode in most Laser-Doppler experiments. Digital particle image velocimetry experiments have shown that large-scale asymmetries with periods up to several minutes exist in stirred vessels equipped with axial flow impellers. These complex phenomena are not limited to single-phase systems. Many industrial vessels are operated with a multiphase flow. In such systems, the gas holdup distribution may be asymmetric and oscillating. In solids suspension processes, solids can be swept from one side of the vessel to the other in an oscillating pattern, even in dilute suspensions. The numerical modeling of these complicated mixing processes is a daunting task. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) provides the most exact approach in which the mechanism involved in turbulent mixing can be accurately represented. DNS requires resolving the smallest eddies, which makes the approach prohibitively expensive, even with the most powerful computers of the present day and foreseeable future as well. On the other hand, the popular approaches based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations amount to averaging out the large eddies that are primarily responsible for mixing. One is left to model the effects of large eddies by relying on empirical data and phenomenological reasoning and hypotheses, which are often questionable. The advantage of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is that it explicitly resolves the large eddies, which are responsible for much of the mass, energy, and momentum transport, and only small eddies are modeled with a sub-grid model. In this lecture we will first briefly review the fundamentals of turbulent flows in stirred vessels, and how modeling these has evolved during the past decade. The focus will be on those aspects of turbulence that are relevant to mixing processes and the modeling thereof. We will continue with a discussion of the applicability of various turbulence models. For single-phase systems, we will then discuss the application of LES to the prediction of large-scale chaotic flow structures in stirred tanks. The focus of those studies is on systems with unsteady flows that are especially difficult to model with eddy-viscosity style models, namely those with strong swirl such as glass-lined mixing vessels (which usually have one baffle) and multiple impeller systems with strong interaction between the impeller flows. For multiphase systems, turbulence modeling is an even greater challenge. Interesting developments in this field include the use of LES models coupled with discrete particle simulations. More recently, full Reynolds stress models for use on unstructured finite volume meshes for Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow models have become available. Recent results with these models and expected future developments will be discussed.
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Honkanen, Markus, Akbar Koohestany, Tarmo Hatunen, Pentti Saarenrinne, and Piroz Zamankhan. "Large Eddy Simulation and PIV Experiments of a Two Phase Air-Water Mixer." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77185.

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The simulations and experiments of a turbulent bubbly flow are carried out in a cylindrical mixing vessel. Dynamics of the turbulent bubbly flow is visualized using a novel two-phase Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with a combination of back lighting, digital masking and fluorescent tracer particles. Using an advanced technique, Mie’s scattering at surfaces of bubbles is totally filtered out and, henceforth, images of tracer particles and of bubbles are obtained with high quality. In parallel to the comprehensive experimental studies, numerical results are obtained from large eddy simulations (LES) of the two-phase air-water mixer. The impeller-induced flow at the blade tip radius is modeled by using sliding mesh method. The results demonstrate the existence of large structures such as tip-vortex tips, and also some finer details. In addition, the stability of the jet is found to be connected with the fluctuations of the tip votices whose dynamics are affected by the presence of bubbles. Numerical results are used to interpret the measurement data and to guide the refinement of consistent theoretical analyses. Such information is invaluable in the development of advanced theories capable of describing bubbly flows in the presence of complex liquid flow. This detailed information is of real significance in facilitating the design and scale-up of practical stirred tanks.
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Kritzinger, H. P., B. C. Deelder, C. R. Kleijn, J. J. Derksen, and H. E. A. Van den Akker. "Turbulent Flow in a Stirred Tank With Permeable Impeller Blades." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31360.

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This paper presents results from the experimental investigation of single-phase flow in a prototype stirred tank reactor, which uses monolith catalyst blocks as impeller. These monolith catalyst supports have been used for a dual role: (i) as stirrer blades for agitation and (ii) to bring reactants in contact with the catalyst in a way that eliminates the need for product filtration. The reactors are under investigation as replacement for the standard slurry stirred tank reactors used in the catalytic processes in chemical industry. The flow field in the reactor with this novel impeller, was determined using LDA. Mean and fluctuating velocity data were measured for different monolith blocks and impeller speeds. Results show the normalized flow in the bulk of the tank to be independent of impeller speed and monolith type. Flow velocities through the monolith channels, which are crucial to bring the reactants in contact with the catalyst impregnated in the monolith walls, were measured with LDA. These velocities were found to be of the order of 30–70% of the impeller tip velocity, dependent on the impeller speed and monolith type.
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Ghanem, Akram, Thierry Lemenand, Dominique Della Valle, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Assessment of Mixing by Chemical Probe in Swirl Flow HEX Reactors." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72035.

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Mixing is a fundamental issue in process engineering and many industrial fields. It is closely related to a large number of different applications, such as chemical reactions, thermal transfer, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and the like. In fact, mixing whether at the reactor scale, sustained by the flow structures, or at molecular scales, influences the selectivity and hence the productivity of reactions. Understanding and quantification of the micromixing mechanism is critical in industrial chemical processes, especially for fast exothermal reactions. Micromixing can be characterized by chemical probe methods based on observation of a local chemical reaction that results from a competition between turbulent mixing at microscales and the reaction kinetics. A system of parallel competing reactions producing iodine was developed by Fournier et al. [1] to study partial segregation in stirred tanks. The coupling of the borate neutralization and the Dushman reaction in this system allows the measurement of micromixing efficiency in reactors by monitoring the amount of iodine produced. Called the iodide-iodate method, this technique has been extensively used in different types of reactors. A novel adaptive procedure recently developed by the authors to improve the reliability of the iodide-iodate method is used here. The heat exchanger-reactor presented here is an innovative geometry based on the addition in parallel of tubes equipped with helical inserts. It is expected to qualify as a low-cost compact heat-exchanger reactor and static mixer of high performance.
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Vojtesek, J., and P. Dostal. "Simulation Analyses Of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor." In 22nd Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2008-0506.

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Reports on the topic "Stirred tanks"

1

Lee, D. D., and J. L. Collins. Continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor 20-L demonstration test: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752984.

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Newell, J., D. Lambert, M. Stone, and A. Fernandez. CONTINUOSLY STIRRED TANK REACTOR PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT SLUDGE BATCH 6 SIMULANT PROPERTIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983396.

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Peterson, R. A. The demonstration of continuous stirred tank reactor operations with high level waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/758796.

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Dotson, Neil. A Statistical Derivation of the Average Degree of Polymerization in a Stirred Tank Reactor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada209873.

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Barnes, M. J. Tetraphenylborate Catalyst Development for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory 20-L Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Demonstration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775668.

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Lee, D. D. Evaluation of the Small-Tank Tetraphenylborate Process Using a Bench-Scale, 20-L Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor System at Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Results of Test 5. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814370.

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