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Journal articles on the topic 'STIR CASTING PROCESS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Kamboj, Abhishek, Sudhir Kumar, and Hari Singh. "Design and Development of Hybrid Stir Casting Process." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2012070101.

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The widespread adoption of particulate metal matrix composites (MMCs) for engineering applications has been hindered by the high cost of producing components of complex shape. Casting technology may be the key to overcoming this problem with stir casting. But the problem arises with stir casting is wettability and porosity. To overcome the problem of porosity a hybrid casting process is needed. So, hybrid stir casting process was developed to produce a silicon carbide particulate aluminum alloy composite. In this paper, the authors have discussed the various parts like Muffle Furnace, Thermocouple, Electric motor Impeller & Stirrer, Crucible, Vacuum pump, Nitrogen gas, and Lifting mechanism of the Hybrid Stir Casting process.
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2

Arulra, M., P. K. Palani, and L. Venkatesh. "Optimization of Process Parameters in Stir Casting of Hybrid Metal Matrix (LM25/SiC/B4C) Composite Using Taguchi Method." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 11 (March 29, 2017): 6038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i11.5774.

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Aluminium based composites exhibit many attractive material properties such as increased stiffness, wear resistance, specific strength and vibration damping and decreased co-efficient of thermal expansion compared with the conventional aluminium alloys. Aluminium Matrix Composites consist of non-metallic reinforcement which offers advantageous properties over base material. Reinforcements like SiC, B4C and Al2O3 are normally preferred to improve the mechanical properties. Here Aluminum LM25 is selected as matrix material while Silicon carbide and Boron carbide are selected as reinforcement material. The fabrication of aluminium matrix was done by stir casting method. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of three major stir casting parameters (stir speed, stir duration and preheated temperature of reinforcement material) on stir casting of Aluminium LM25 - SiC - B4C composite. Experiments were conducted based on Taguchi methodology. Taguchi quality design concepts of L9 orthogonal array has been used to determine S/N ratio and through S/N ratio a set of optimum stir casting parameters were obtained. The experimental results confirmed the validity of Taguchi method for enhancing tensile strength of castings.
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Arulraj, M., P. K. Palani, and L. Venkatesh. "Optimization of Process Parameters in Stir Casting of Hybrid Metal Matrix (LM25/SiC/B4C) Composite Using Taguchi Method." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 9 (February 22, 2017): 6475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i9.5777.

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Aluminium based composites exhibit many attractive material properties such as increased stiffness, wear resistance, specific strength and vibration damping and decreased co-efficient of thermal expansion compared with the conventional aluminium alloys. Aluminium Matrix Composites consist of non-metallic reinforcement which offers advantageous properties over base material. Reinforcements like SiC, B4C and Al2O3 are normally preferred to improve the mechanical properties. Here Aluminum LM25 is selected as matrix material while Silicon carbide and Boron carbide are selected as reinforcement material. The fabrication of aluminium matrix was done by stir casting method. In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of three major stir casting parameters (stir speed, stir duration and preheated temperature of reinforcement material) on stir casting of Aluminium LM25 - SiC - B4C composite. Experiments were conducted based on Taguchi methodology. Taguchi quality design concepts of L9 orthogonal array has been used to determine S/N ratio and through S/N ratio a set of optimum stir casting parameters were obtained. The experimental results confirmed the validity of Taguchi method for enhancing tensile strength of castings.
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4

Naher, S., D. Brabazon, and L. Looney. "Simulation of the stir casting process." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143-144 (December 2003): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00368-6.

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5

Idrisi, Amir Hussain, and Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad. "Conventional stir casting versus ultrasonic assisted stir casting process: Mechanical and physical characteristics of AMCs." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 805 (October 2019): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.07.076.

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6

Sakthivelu, S., P. P. Sethusundaram, M. Meignanamoorthy, and M. Ravichandran. "Synthesis of Metal Matrix Composites through Stir Casting Process – a Review." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0029.

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AbstractMetal is the one of the important material in engineering materials because of their high strength to weight ratio. However the pure metals cannot be used as engineering materials due to their ductile property. So, to improve their mechanical properties, some of the high strength materials (not metals) were added as reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of pure metals and the newly developed material is called as metal matrix composites. At present, Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium, Titanium and Iron have been used as matrix materials and materials like TiC, SiC, B4C, WC, Cr3 C, TiO2, ZrO2, Gr, MoS2 and Si3N4 have been used as reinforcements. There are many processing techniques to fabricate metal matrix composites namely stir casting, ultra-sonic assisted casting, compo-casting, rheo casting, powder metallurgy technique, etc,. Among these, stir casting process is the most suitable and economical method to fabricate the metal matrix composites. In this article, an effort has been made to review the work of various researchers to fabricate metal matrix composites through stir casting process.
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7

Ananth, G., T. Muthu Krishnan, S. Thirugnanam, and Tewedaj Tariku Olkeba. "Optimization on Stir Casting Process Parameters of Al7050/Nano-B4C Metal Matrix Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2023 (April 28, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3615093.

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Aluminum matrix composites are widely employed in aerospace, military, automobile, and transport applications. The high-strength with low-weight materials are required to fulfill the requirement of high-performance applications. The low-weight materials are reinforced with hard reinforcements to obtain high-strength-to-weight properties for using high-performance applications. The process parameters of fabrication technique define the mechanical and tribological properties. Many types of optimization tools are used for optimizing the process parameters of fabrication method. In this research, the aluminum alloy 7050 and boron carbide are selected as matrix material and reinforcement material. The fabrication of Al7050/B4C composites is produced by the stir casting method. The optimization on stir casting process parameters is done by using the Taguchi approach. The L9 orthogonal array is chosen for this investigation. The chosen input stir casting process parameters are wt% B4C, stirring time (10, 15, and 20 min), stirring speed (300, 350, and 400 rpm), and melting temperature (700, 750, and 800°C). The microhardness is selected as a valuable response parameter for optimizing the stir casting process parameters. The influencing stir casting process parameter sequence is determined by using mean table. The influencing parameters of stir casting on microhardness are stirring speed, stirring time, wt% B4C, and melting temperature. The 9 wt% of boron carbide addition increases the microhardness, and it is higher than the other wt%. The optimum combination of input process parameter combination is 9 wt% boron carbide, 750°C melting temperature, 350 rpm stirring speed, and 15 min stirring time (A3B2C2D2). The percentage of microhardness value improvement is 20.3%.
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8

Saravana Kumar, M., S. Rashia Begum, and M. Vasumathi. "Influence of stir casting parameters on particle distribution in metal matrix composites using stir casting process." Materials Research Express 6, no. 10 (September 13, 2019): 1065d4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4045.

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9

Ramesh Kannan, C., R. Venkatesh, M. Vivekanandan, J. Phani Krishna, S. Manivannan, S. Rajkumar, and V. Vijayan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mechanical Properties of AA8014 + Si3N4/ ZrO2 Hybrid Composites by Stir Casting Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (January 4, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9150442.

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Lightweight materials are extremely needed for the manufacturing of industrial parts and are used in aerospace, automobile body shops, biomedical instruments, etc. Aluminium alloy is one of the light-weight materials, and it fulfills the industrial demands based on their natural strength/stiffness, enhanced temperature permanence, superior wear, and corrosion resistance. This experimental work considered aluminium alloy (AA8014) with reinforced particles of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) for preparing aluminium hybrid composites. Hybrid composites are prepared by a stir casting process involving different process parameters. L27 orthogonal array is used for optimizing the stir casting parameters with the assistance of the statistical Taguchi approach. Stir casting parameters are the percentage of reinforcement (4%, 6%, and 8%), stir speed (400 rpm, 500 rpm, and 600 rpm), stir time (20 min, 25 min, and 30 min), and molten temperature (700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 oC). Mechanical performance such as wear and microhardness of the hybrid composites is evaluated. Minimum wear and higher microhardness are encountered at a percentage of reinforcement = 6%, stir speed = 400 rpm, stir time = 30 min, and molten temperature = 900°C. In wear analysis, the percentage of reinforcement highly influences the wear properties (7.06% contribution). In microhardness analysis, molten temperature parameter is the extreme influencer (11.15% contribution).
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Soltani, Shahin, Rasoul Azari Khosroshahi, Reza Taherzadeh Mousavian, Zheng-Yi Jiang, Alireza Fadavi Boostani, and Dermot Brabazon. "Stir casting process for manufacture of Al–SiC composites." Rare Metals 36, no. 7 (July 23, 2015): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0565-7.

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11

SHAYAN, Mehrdad, Beitallah EGHBALI, and Behzad NIROUMAND. "Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 30, no. 11 (November 2020): 2891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(20)65429-2.

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12

Dwivedi, Shashi Prakash, Satpal Sharma, and Raghvendra Kumar Mishra. "Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356/SiC Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Two Different Melting Routes." International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2014 (October 21, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/747865.

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A356/SiC metal matrix composites with different weight percent of SiC particles were fabricated by two different techniques such as mechanical stir casting and electromagnetic stir casting. The results of macrostructure, microstructure, and XRD study revealed uniform distribution, grain refinement, and low porosity in electromagnetic stir casing samples. The mechanical results showed that the addition of SiC particles led to the improvement in tensile strength, hardness, toughness, and fatigue life. It indicates that type of fabrication process and percentage of reinforcement are the effective factors influencing the mechanical properties. It is observed that when percentage of reinforcement increases in electromagnetic stir casting, best mechanical properties are obtained.
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13

Prajapati, Sahil Kumar, and Neeraj Kumar. "Stir design to improve uniform distribution of composite materials in stir casting process." International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration 5, no. 47 (October 21, 2018): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19101/ijatee.2018.545004.

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14

Gugulothu, Bhiksha, N. Nagarajan, A. Pradeep, G. Saravanan, S. Vijayakumar, and Janardhana Rao. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties for Al-MMC Fabricated through an Optimized Stir Casting Process." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2081189.

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This work concentrated on preparation of Al-based composites through stir casting process. Al6082 was chosen as base material that is reinforced with zirconium silicate and titanium carbide. As per Taguchi design L16 orthogonal array, specimens are produced with variation of casting parameters for performing tensile and hardness test. In this process, ZrSiO₄ is kept constant to 10 wt%, whereas TiC concentration varied from 2.5 to 10wt%. For analyzing the properties of optimized stir cast samples for AA6082/ZrSiO4/TiC, three input variables with four levels are taken such as Stir speed (SS) 300-750 rpm, Stir time (ST) 5-20 min, and Reinforcement (RI) 2.5-10 wt%. The Taguchi technique was used as an analyzer to determine optimal parameter on Tensile Strength (TS) and Hardness (HN). The Minitab-17 software is assisting to find analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression equation, and contour plots of the selected parameters. Finally, it is witnessed that SS (65.9%) is the maximum influenced factor that increases TS, followed by RI (23.1%) and ST (11%). The best combinations of parameters on TS and HN were found at SS2-ST1-RI2 (450 rpm, 5 min, and 5wt%) and SS3-ST2-RI4 (600 rpm, 10 min, and 10wt percent), respectively. From the contour plots, the casting variables SS (600-650 Rpm), ST (15-17.5 min), and RI (5-8 wt%) were proposed for achieving excellent mechanical properties.
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15

Kareem, Ansar, Jaber Abu Qudeiri, Asarudheen Abdudeen, Thanveer Ahammed, and Aiman Ziout. "A Review on AA 6061 Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Stir Casting." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010175.

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In recent years, many alloys as well as composites of aluminium were developed for enhanced material performance. AA 6061 is an aluminium alloy that has extensive applications due to its superior material characteristics. It is a popular choice of matrix for aluminium matrix composite (AMC) fabrication. This study provides a review on AA 6061 aluminium alloy matrix composites produced through the stir-casting process. It focusses on conventional stir-casting fabrication, process parameters, various reinforcements used, and the mechanical properties of the AA 6061 composites. Several research studies indicated that the stir-casting method is widely used and suitable for fabricating AA 6061 composites with reinforcements such as SiC, B4C, Al2O3, TiC, as well as other inorganic, organic, hybrid, and nanomaterials. The majority of the studies showed that an increase in the reinforcement content enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Furthermore, hybrid composites showed better material properties than single reinforcement composites. The usage of industrial and agricultural residues in hybrid composites is also reported. Future studies could focus on the fabrication of AA 6061 nanocomposites through stir casting and their material characterisation, since they have great potential as advanced materials.
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Dwivedi, Shashi Prakash, Satpal Sharma, and Raghvendra Kumar Mishra. "Electromagnetic Stir Casting and its Process Parameters for the Fabrication and Refined the Grain Structure of Metal Matrix Composites – A Review." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 3 (2014): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.231421.

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In numerous applications of casting, dendritic microstructure is not desirable as it results in poor mechanical properties. Enhancing the fluid flow in the mushy zone by mechanical stirring is one of the means to suppress this dendritic. Several manufacturing techniques have been invented for fabrication of metal matrix composites. One of the popular ways of generating non-dendritic microstructure is to stir the liquid metal during solidification using an electromagnetic force field. However, the main problem faced in the electro magnetic stir (EMS) casting is the selection of optimum combination of input variables for achieving the required physical, mechanical and tribological properties of composites. Therefore, in the present work an attempt has been made to review electromagnetic stir casting and its process parameters for the fabrication and refined the grain structure of metal matrix composites that possesses exceptionally good mechanical properties as well as tribological properties.
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17

Ebhota, Williams S., Akhil S. Karun, and Freddie L. Inambao. "Principles and Baseline Knowledge of Functionally Graded Aluminium Matrix Materials (FGAMMs): Fabrication Techniques and Applications." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 26 (October 2016): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.26.47.

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This paper discusses the main Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) and their bulk fabrication techniques, their development, principles and applications. The fabrication processes considered include powder metallurgy (PM), sintering, squeeze casting, infiltration process, compocasting, centrifugal casting, stir casting, material prototyping. The paper provides an overview of the FGM processing parameters including reinforcement particles size and volume %, temperature, pressure (for PM), and stirrer and mould rotational speeds (for stir and centrifugal casting processes respectively). The paper notes that the FGMs are widely used in the following sectors: automotive, medical, aerospace, aviation, nuclear energy, renewable energy, chemical, engineering, optics electronics etc.
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18

Jegan, G., P. Kavipriya, T. Sathish, S. Dinesh Kumar, T. Samraj Lawrence, and T. Vino. "Synthesis, Mechanical, and Tribological Performance Analysis of Stir-Casted AA7079: ZrO2 + Si3N4 Hybrid Composites by Taguchi Route." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7722370.

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Currently, the aluminum alloys are utilized more in level of all industries for different applications; furthermore, industries need high-strength alloys for making innovative components. For those reasons, many researchers hope to prepare hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites at various composition levels. In this experimental work, we intended to prepare the hybrid metal matrix composites such as aluminum alloy 7079 with reinforcement of ZrO2 + Si3N4 through stir-casting process. Major findings of this work, as to optimize the stir-casting process, can be to continually conduct wear test and evaluate the microhardness of the stir-casted specimens. Optimization of stir-casting process parameters is a preliminary work for this research by Taguchi tool. The chosen parameters are % of reinforcement (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%), agitation speed (450 rpm, 500 rpm, 550 rpm, and 600 rpm), agitation time (15 min, 20 min. 25 min, and 30 min), and molten temperature (700°C, 750°C, 800°C, and 850°C). The prepared stir-casted materials are tested by wear analysis and microhardness analysis, through Pin-on-Disc wear tester and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Wear parameters are optimized, the minimum wear rate is evaluated, and also the wear worn-out surfaces are examined through SEM analysis.
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19

N, Raghavendra, and V. S. Ramamurthy. "Tribological Characterization of Particulate MMC Developed by STIR Casting Process." International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14810/ijmech.2016.5403.

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20

ARIHARAPUTHIRAN, Hemalatha, and Dhanalakshmi VENKADASAMY. "Effect of Stir Casting Process Parameters on Properties of Aluminium Composites – Taguchi’s Analysis." Materials Science 25, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.4.20864.

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The need for lightweight materials in various industries, increased fuel price, requirement of improved mechanical, thermal properties leads to the development of aluminium metal matrix composites. Stir casting method is employed for preparing composite consisting of aluminium die casting -12 alloy and reinforcement of 10 % by weight proportion of silicon carbide. Taguchi’s experimental analysis is employed for varying the process parameters of stir casting method like process temperature, stirring time and stirring speed. Tests were conducted to measure mechanical property like compressive strength, wear property such as sliding wear, micro abrasion and thermal property like coefficient of thermal expansion. An attempt has been made to study the unrelated properties like compressive strength, sliding wear resistance, micro abrasion wear and coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium composites by Principal Component Analysis method. The experimental investigation shows that increase in processing temperature reduces sliding wear, micro abrasion wear and coefficient of thermal expansion and also increases compressive strength.
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21

Zulfia, Anne, Deliana Ramdaniawati, and Donanta Dhaneswara. "he Role of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Addition on Characteristic of Al6061 Composite Produced by Stir Casting Process." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.2.39-47.

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22

Gunawan, M. A. Ade Saputra Ade, Ewin Muhammad Kurniawan, Amir Arifin, and Aneka Firdaus. "RECYCLING OF ALUMINUM-BASED COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH FLY ASH AND ALUMINA VIA A STIR-SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS." Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v9i1.70.

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The stir-squeeze casting technique generally alters a material’s physical and mechanical properties. This research investigates the effect of adding fly ash and alumina to the stir-squeeze casting of old aluminum cans. The stir-squeeze casting research parameters were carried out at a pouring temperature of 750oC with a stirring speed of 350 rpm for 3 minutes, with pressure variations ranging from 6 MPa, 8 MPa, and 10 MPa to fabricate Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMC) with an alumina weight fraction of 15% and fly ash of 12%. Aluminum Matrix Composites are metal matrix composites that use alumina and fly ash as reinforcing components. AMC development has also shown promise, owing to good mechanical qualities such as high hardness, impact strength, and relatively easy-to-find basic materials. On composites, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) testing or chemical composition testing, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), impact strength Brinell hardness, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed; the test results obtained the highest value of the highest hardness at the bottom, and on composites were obtained at a pressure of 6 MPa at 1.577 gr/cm3 and 0.577 percent, the highest impact value at
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23

Thanakodi, Sathish, Mohanavel Vinayagam, M. Ravichandran, T. Raja, A. H. Seikh, M. H. Siddique, and Beruk Hailu. "Reconnoitring Wear Resistance and Mechanical Strengths of AA8111/B4C/ZrO2 Nanocomposite through Taguchi Route." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9142336.

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Nowadays, the use of aluminium alloys is increasing in all domains of application, including industry, medical, electrical, and household appliances. In general, aluminium alloy is a lightweight material with great strength when compared to other alloys. According to the uses, the aluminium alloy must be strengthened by the inclusion of reinforced particles via the stir casting process. The purpose of this study was to create nanocomposite samples of AA8111/B4C/ZrO2 using a stir casting procedure. To prepare nanocomposite samples, the matrix of aluminium alloy AA8111 is supplemented with nanoparticles of boron carbide (B4C) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) in varied proportions. Optimize the stir casting parameters using a statistical approach such as the Taguchi technique to improve mechanical and wear attributes. The following process parameters were chosen: nanoparticle reinforcement quantity (4% to 10% with the step of 2%), melting temperature (800°C to 950°C with the step of 50°C), stir time (20 min to 35 min with the step of 5 minutes), and stir speed (400 rpm to 550 rpm with the step of 50 rpm). Wear and tensile strength tests are performed; the melting temperature is heavily impacted in the wear test, and the stir speed is heavily influenced in the tensile strength analysis. This experimental effort yielded a minimum wear of 0.085 mm3/m and a maximum ultimate strength of 167.6 N/mm2.
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Surojo, Eko, Hammar Ilham Akbar, Dody Ariawan, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Teguh Triyono, and Fahmi Imanullah. "Effects of Stir Casting Baffles on Hardness and Microstructure: Investigation of Designed Aluminum Composites." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-08-04.

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The increasing demand for lightweight material specifications has forced researchers to develop lightweight materials that are inexpensive, can be produced on a large scale, and are environmentally friendly. One solution that has been developed is an aluminum composite reinforced with sea sand. Indonesia has the second longest coastline in the world, which means that the country is rich in maritime resources, one of which is sea sand. The ceramic contents of SiO2, SiC, and Al2O3allow sea sand to be used as a reinforcement in aluminum composites for engineering purposes. The most effective manufacturing method of AA6061–sea sand composites is stir casting, but the homogeneity and distribution of particles are the main disadvantages of the stir casting method. Various factors affect particle distribution and homogeneity, one of which is the flow during the stirring process. The increase in turbulent flow in the stirring process affects the homogeneity and distribution of the particles. One way to create a turbulent flow when stirring is to add baffles. This paper examines the effect of adding baffles during the stir casting process on the mechanical properties of AA6061–sea sand composites. The mechanical properties of AA6061–sea sand composites were characterized using the Brinell hardness test according to ASTM E-10. The test results show that the addition of baffles during the stir casting process decreases the hardness of the AA6061–sea sand composites due to the turbulent flow that occurs. This makes the material more porous, which makes the AA6061–sea sand composites less hard. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-04 Full Text: PDF
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25

Chenelle, Brendan F., and Diana A. Lados. "Friction Stir Welding: a Versatile Process for Light Metal Applications." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.121.

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Friction stir welding is a solid-state process that could be beneficially used for joining and repair of light metal alloys in transportation and defense applications. In this study, various applications, processes, and resulting properties of friction stir welds have been explored. First, the effects of various processing parameters on the resulting weld microstructures were studied. Second, tensile properties and fatigue crack growth mechanisms in friction stir welded 6061-T6 alloys were investigated. Fatigue crack propagation responses of the base and friction stir processed materials were studied in ambient conditions using compact tension specimens and multiple stress ratios, R=0.1, 0.5, and 0.7. Third, various exploratory studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of novel friction stir welding techniques for joining of dissimilar materials, porosity reduction, creation of in-situ metal-matrix composites for local reinforcement, and welding of die casting alloys. These findings will be systematically presented and discussed.
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M.T., Sijo, Jayadevan K.R., and Sheeja Janardhanan. "Simulation of mushy state solidification in stir casting." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2017-0079.

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Purpose Stir casting is a promising technique used for the manufacture of Al-SiC metal matrix composites. The clustering of reinforcement particles is a serious concern in this production method. In this work, mushy-state solidification characteristics in stir casting are numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics techniques to study the clustering of reinforcement particles. Design/methodology/approach Effects of process parameters on the distribution of particles are examined by varying stirrer speed, volume fraction of reinforcement, number of blades on stirrer and diameter ratio (ratio of crucible diameter to stirrer diameter). Further, investigation of characteristics of cooling curves during solidification process is carried out. Volume of fluid method in conjunction with a solidification model is used to simulate the multi-phase fluid flow during the mushy-state solidification. Solidification patterns thus obtained clearly indicate a strong influence of process parameters on the distribution of reinforcement particles and solidification time. Findings From the simulation study, it is observed that increase in stirrer speed from 50 to 150 rad/s promotes faster solidification rate. But, beyond 100 rad/s, stirrer speed limit, clustering of reinforcement particles is observed. The clustering of reinforcement particles is seen when volume fraction of reinforcement is increased beyond 10 per cent. When number of blades on stirrer are increased from three to five, an increase in solidification rate is observed, and an uneven distribution of reinforcement particles are observed for five-blade geometry. It is also seen from the simulation study that a four-blade stirrer gives a better distribution of reinforcement in the molten metal. Decrease in diameter ratio from 2.5 to 1.5 promotes faster solidification rate. Originality/value There is 90 per cent closeness in results for simulation study and the published experimental results.
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Singh, Rupinder, and Sardar Singh. "Process Capability Analysis of MMC Prepared by Combining FDM, Vacuum Moulding and Stir Casting." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2013.2.2.663.

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There has been a critical need for development of cost-effective aluminum (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMCs) for various industrial applications. But hither to no work has been reported for process capability analysis of Al based MMC prepared by combining fused deposition modelling (FDM), vacuum moulding and stir casting process. In the present work an approach to macro-model the hardness of Al based MMC have been proposed and applied for process capability analysis. The relationship between hardness and other input parameters have been deduced by using Taguchi technique L9 orthogonal array. The result of study indicate that value of process capability indices is greater than 1 for the MMC developed by combining FDM, vacuum moulding and stir casting process. Hence the process can be used for commercial batch production activities.
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Zhang, Zhen Lin, Zhi Feng Zhang, Jun Xu, Hao Zhang, and Wei Min Mao. "Effect of Mechanical Stirring and Air Pressure on the Fluidity of SiCp/A357 Composites." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1000–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1000.

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Stir casting is a near net shape process that can cast the composite components directly. Fluidity is an important factor for mold filling in casting process, but the fluidity of composite slurry is poor due to the addition of SiCp. In this research, SiCp/A357 composites with 20wt.% SiCp were manufactured by mechanical stir casting. Effect of mechanical stirring and air pressure on the fluidity of SiCp/A357 composites were investigated with eight thin flow channels. The fluidity was compared at different rotating speed and air pressure. The results showed that the fluidity increased with rotating speed, which was more obvious in semi-solid interval. It was noticed that the fluidity decreased with air pressure, the gas involving and the cooling speed were aggravated with air pressure increasing, which reduced the fluidity.
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Ezhil, S. Shenbaga, A. Shanmuganathan, Ganganagunta Srinivas, K. Ashokkumar, Sultan Althahban, S. Mousa, Faez Qahtani, Yosef Jazaa, and Nagaraj Ashok. "Optimization on Tribological Characteristics of Stir-Casted AA7076/Nano Zirconium Dioxide/Boron Nitride Hybrid Composites by Taguchi Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5706132.

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Aluminum alloys are currently used in a wide variety of industries, and strong aluminum alloys are required for the creation of new components. As a result, multiple scientists are experimenting with various compositions of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites. The purpose of this experiment was to generate hybridization on aluminum alloy 7076 using stir-casting and nano zirconium dioxide and BN reinforcements. Taguchi’s approach was used to optimize the stir-casting process criteria in this investigation. The parameters employed in this investigation were agitation speed, agitation time, and temperature. The chosen constraints are the percentage of reinforcement (0–12%), the agitation speed, the agitation time, and the molten state temperature. We used a wear tester and a Vickers hardness tester to determine the wear and microhardness of the produced stir casting materials. By optimizing wear parameters, the least wear rate is determined.
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L, Venkatesh, T. V. Arjunan, and M. Arulraj. "Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Casting Parameters on Thin walled Castings of Metal Matrix (LM21-SiC) Composite." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 9 (February 22, 2017): 6468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i9.5781.

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 Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are widely used in several applications owing to their high strength, high specific stiffness, greater wear resistance and light weight. Normally, MMCs are processed through stir casting which exhibits poor wet ability and bonding between metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement, porosity and hot tears. These drawbacks can be overcome by squeeze casting process. Here an attempt was made on processing LM21-Sic composite for making hollow casting through squeeze casting process. Four process parameters are chosen namely squeeze pressure, stirring speed, melt temperature and reinforcement percentage. The primary objective was to experimentally investigate the influence of casting parameters on hardness & wear. Samples were cast for each experiments condition based on L9 orthogonal array. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was observed that stirring speed, reinforcement percentage and Squeeze load were the process parameters making a noticeable improvement in hardness and wear. The mechanical properties such as hardness and wear are evaluated and optimum casting condition was obtained.
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Vijayakumar, S., P. S. Satheesh Kumar, Pappula Sampath kumar, Selvaraj Manickam, Gurumurthy B. Ramaiah, and Hari Prasadarao Pydi. "The Effect of Stir-Squeeze Casting Process Parameters on Mechanical Property and Density of Aluminum Matrix Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 12, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3741718.

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This present investigation focusing on preparation of Al-based hybrid composites in which Al6082 is engaged as the main alloy reinforced with two reinforcements of ZrSiO₄/TiC. The combination of the stir-squeeze process helps to make different specimen by change of four parameters such as stir speed, stir time, reinforcements, and squeeze pressure. In this process, two reinforcements are reserved as constant about 7.5 wt%. The four levels of each parameter are stir speed (300, 400, 500, and 600 rpm), stir time (10, 15, 20, and 25 min), reinforcement (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%), and squeeze pressure (50, 60,70, and 80 MPa). According to the L16 orthogonal array Taguchi design, the specimens are created to analyze the mechanical properties of tensile strength and hardness along with porosity. In addition, the optimization technique is used to determine the optimal parameter on improving tensile strength. The optimization process can be assisted by the software namely Minitab-17 which helps to study analysis of variance, regression model, and contour plots. The observed result of ANOVA showed that stir speed (41.8%) is the maximum influenced parameter that increases TS, followed by squeeze pressure (25.7%), stir time (12.7%), and reinforcement (1.96%), and optimum tensile strength is found at the parameters of stir speed 600 rpm, stir time 10 min, reinforcement 2.5 wt%, and squeeze pressure 80 MPa. The fractured surface of tensile strength also examined by the SEM test. The combined parameters of S4-T1-R1-P4 achieve the highest TS, and it is observed that there are nearly no pore defects and good diffusion as a result of the reinforcements to be properly mixed. It is noticeable that the TiC and Al 6082 matrix, as well as the various ZrSiO4 exhibit stronger bonds.
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Sozhamannan, G. G., S. Balasivanandha Prabu, and V. S. K. Venkatagalapathy. "Effect of Processing Paramters on Metal Matrix Composites: Stir Casting Process." Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 02, no. 01 (2012): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2012.21002.

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33

Ali, Ahmed. "Wear Behavior of Al6061/TiO2 Composites Synthesized by Stir Casting Process." Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jaet.2021.55413.1081.

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34

Shayan, Mehrdad, Beitallah Eghbali, and Behzad Niroumand. "Synthesis of AA2024-(SiO2np+TiO2np) hybrid nanocomposite via stir casting process." Materials Science and Engineering: A 756 (May 2019): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.089.

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35

Gao, Yuanfei, Mohammad Heydari Vini, and Saeed Daneshmand. "Effect of nano Al2O3 particles on the mechanical and wear properties of Al/Al2O3 composites manufactured via ARB." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0268.

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Abstract This study first tried to fabricate AA1060/Al2O3 composites via the stir casting and accumulative roll bonding process. Then, the effect of nano Al2O3 Vol% on mechanical, wear, and microstructural properties of these kinds of composites have been investigated. An excellent particle distribution through the aluminum matrix has been achieved after the fourth cycle. Then, mechanical properties, wear resistance, and microstructural properties have been investigated. The results showed that the strength of these composites was enhanced and the elongation of samples decreased by higher alumina Vol% contents. Also, there is a significant increase in wear resistance by increasing alumina content in the Al matrix through the stir casting process.
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36

Zhang, Hao, Zhi Feng Zhang, Zhen Lin Zhang, Yue Long Bai, and Jun Xu. "Numerical Simulation on Filling Process of SiCp/A357 Composites." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.859.

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With high module, high strength and good isotropy, SiCp/Al composite has been widely applied in the fields such as airspace, transportation vehicle and electronic packaging. Stir casting process with advantages of low cost, high efficiency and near-net shape has become a main production method, but the two-phase flow behavior of the SiCp/Al composite during casting process has greatly effect on particle distribution and ultimate properties of casting. In this work, a two-phase flow computational model was developed, and the filling flow process of SiCp/A357 composite based on a benchmark test die was numerically simulated with commercial software Fluent. The effects of SiCp volume fraction and SiCp size on the flow field of SiCp/A357 composite were investigated. The results showed that there existed difference of flow fields between A357 alloy and SiCp/A357 composite, and the simulation results would be helpful to optimize the casting process.
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37

Thayumanavan, M., and K. RVijayaKumar. "Investigation on Stir Casting Fabrication Method Issues Analysis of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10716.

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Among the various types of manufacturing process methods for discontinuous metal matrix composite, stir casting is the best suitable manufacturing process to fabricate particulate reinforced metal matrix composite. Its benefit is its simplicity, durability, and adaptability. The main issue in this process is proper wetting of reinforcement in aluminium matrix material. Only proper wetting results in a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement material, and these homogeneous dispersions help to improve the properties of metal matrix composite material. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the outline of the stir casting process, process parameters, and the contribution effect of process parameters. This paper also presents about of the conditions should follow during the addition of reinforcement material and matrix material pouring in mould cavity. This paper also discusses the conditions that must be met during the addition of reinforcement material and matrix material pouring in the mould cavity. This paper also looked into the impact and contribution of stirring casting time, speed, and temperature in aluminium metal matrix composites, as well as processing issues in aluminium metal matrix composites, challenges, and research opportunities.
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38

Satishkumar, P., C. Saravana Murthi, Rohinikumar Chebolu, Yenda Srinivasa Rao, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Arnold C. Alguno, Vishnu Prasad Yadav, M. Chitra, and Mahesh Gopal. "Optimizing the Mechanical and Microstructure Characteristics of Stir Casting and Hot-Pressed AA 7075/ZnO/ZrO2 Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6559014.

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The composite was made using the stir cast manufacturing method. Many parameters, like stirring speed, stirring time, ZrO2% reinforcement, and cast temperature, are evaluated in a Taguchi experimental design to see how they affected the composite properties. In terms of composite properties, ZrO2% reinforcement and the stir speed have the most significant impact. There were 25.02% gains in ultimate tensile strength and hardness, as well as a decrease in composite wear loss, when the optimal stir casting parameters were used compared to the initial stir casting settings. To get insight into the process and the qualities of the composite, the hot-pressing parameters were studied. Pressure, followed by temperature, is the most critical factor in determining the properties of composites. When a hot-pressing setting was determined to reduce the wear loss by a significant 39.3%, it was deemed perfect by the superranking concept. Under ideal conditions, hot-pressing procedures reduced wear loss by 40.8% while boosting ultimate tensile strength and hardness by 19.83% and 9.6%, respectively. The resulting microstructures and worn surface morphologies from stir casting and hot pressing show vastly different properties.
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39

Shivalingaiah, Kanchiraya, Vinayaka Nagarajaiah, Chithirai Pon Selvan, Smitha Thothera Kariappa, Nandini Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, Avinash Lakshmikanthan, Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, and Emanoil Linul. "Stir Casting Process Analysis and Optimization for Better Properties in Al-MWCNT-GR-Based Hybrid Composites." Metals 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081297.

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Pure aluminium poses inferior properties that limit its use in load-bearing applications. Reinforcing multiwall carbon nano-tube (solid lubricant) and graphene to aluminium matrix offers better (antifriction, hardness, and wear resistance) properties in composites for such applications. A stir casting processing route is employed to prepare the hybrid composite (aluminium-multiwall carbon nanotube-graphene Al-MWCNT-GR). The Taguchi L16 experimental matrix representing four variables (percent reinforcement of graphene, die temperature, melt temperature, and stir speed) operating at four levels were studied to analyze and obtain higher hardness and low wear rate in hybrid composites. Percent reinforcement of graphene showed maximum impact, and die temperature resulted with the least contribution towards both the responses. Criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is applied to determine the weight fractions (importance) for hardness and wear rate equal to 0.4752 and 0.5482, respectively. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and multi-objective optimization by the ratio analysis (MOORA) method converts multiple objective functions into a single objective function with weight fractions assigned to each output. Taguchi-CRITIC-MOORA outperformed the Taguchi-CRITIC-GRA method, which could result in 31.77% increase in hardness and a 36.33% decrease in wear rate compared to initial conditions. The optimal conditions ensure a dense microstructure with minimal pores, result in enhanced properties compared to that obtained for initial and average stir casting conditions. The worn-out surface results in a few thin and slender grooves between tracks with less crack propagation, ensuring self-lubrication in composites fabricated with the optimized condition. The better properties resulted in the hybrid composites correspond to optimized stir casting conditions and can be implemented in industries for large-scale applications.
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40

Abou El Khair, M. T. "Effect of Squeeze Pressure on Microstructure, Aging and Mechanical Properties of A357/ ZrO2 Composite." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 4 (May 2011): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.4.59.

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AlSiMg (A357) composites containing 10 vol. % zirconia (ZrO2) particulates have been synthesized by the stir process followed by squeeze casting. Pressures of 25 and 50 MPa were maintained during solidification in specially designed die and ram and maintained at 250°C. Results show that with increasing squeeze pressure, the density increases while porosity decreases. The hardness of squeeze cast composite is higher than that of stir casting by about 10%. The compression properties have been evaluated and compared. The results show that compressive strength increases with squeeze pressure.
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41

Matta, Anil K., Naga S. S. Koka, and Sameer K. Devarakonda. "Recent studies on particulate reinforced AZ91 magnesium composites fabricated by Stir casting – A review." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2020.4.2.115.

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Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (Mg MMC) have been the focus of consideration by many researchers for the past few years. Many applications of Mg MMCs were evolved in less span of time in the automotive and aerospace sector to capture the benefit of high strength to weight ratio along with improved corrosion resistance. However, the performance of these materials in critical conditions is significantly influenced by several factors including the fabrication methods used for processing the composites. Most of the papers addressed all the manufacturing strategies of Mg MMC but no paper was recognized as a dedicated source for magnesium composites prepared through stir casting process. Since stir casting is the least expensive and most common process in the preparation of composites, this paper reviews particulate based Mg MMCs fabricated with stir casting technology. AZ91 series alloys are considered as the matrix material while the effect of different particle reinforcements, sizes , weight fractions on mechanical and tribological responses are elaborated in support with micro structural examinations. Technical difficulties and latest innovations happened during the last decade in making Mg MMCs as high performance material are also presented.
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42

Naresh, P., S. A. Hussain, and B. D. Prasad. "A review on multiple responses process parameters optimization of turning Al-TiC[sub]p[/sub] metal matrix composites." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 80 (January 2, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1445.

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Purpose: In this paper the Metal Matrix Composites of AL 7068 and TiC with differentproportions of (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) by using stir casting process, mechanicalproperties and machining responses are investigating.Design/methodology/approach: The samples are fabricated using stir casting, machiningof turning the samples by using Kilster Tool Lathe Dynamometer machining responses wereidentifying.Findings: In this research to find mechanical characterizations like flexural strength, Wearratio, impact strength, hardness, microstructure and also machining responses like surfaceroughness, cutting force, cutting power, tool wear ratio and can be optimized by multipleresponses.Research limitations/implications: This paper research about the mechanicalcharacterization and machining of AL-7068&TiC that focuses on machining responses andmicrostructures.Originality/value: By surveying the research articles the gap will be identified inAA-7068&TiC depended on machining responses and mechanical characterizations.
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43

Xiao, Qun Fang, Xiao Shan Ning, and Ming Fu. "Study of Affecting Factors on Porosity in Gel-Casting Foam." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1117.

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Foaming and gelation of slurry is a recently invented processing route for fabricating porous ceramic. According to the method, a mechanical stir process was introduced to the ceramic slurry added with surfactant, then initiator was added to induce fast gelation between organic monomers and ceramic powder, the green body was obtained after a subsequently drying process. At last, porous ceramic was fabricated after sintering the green body at high temperature. Effects of surfactant volume content and several stirring factors on porosity are studied in this paper. It results that there is a proportional relationship between porosity and Reynolds number which only changes when stir time varies, different slurry or surfactant volume content results in similar relationship between porosity and Reynolds number.
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44

Shamim, Farhan A., Akshay Dvivedi, and Pradeep Kumar. "Fabrication and characterization of Al6063/SiC composites using electromagnetic stir casting process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 236, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544089211045796.

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In this work, metal matrix composites were fabricated using the electromagnetic stir casting process by adding 5 and 10 wt% silicon carbide in Al6063 alloy. Hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the developed Al6063/SiC/5p metal matrix composites have been improved by 17%, 18%, and 37%, respectively, in comparison with Al6063 alloy. Further, an improvement of 25%, 37%, and 71% in hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength, respectively, have been noted for Al6063/SiC/10p metal matrix composite in comparison with the Al6063 alloy. Results revealed that the hardness and strength of metal matrix composites were increased with silicon carbide addition in Al6063 alloy. The presence of different elements in metal matrix composites was identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for elemental mapping observation of the metal matrix composites. Uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix with improved mechanical properties of metal matrix composites proved the adequacy of the electromagnetic stir casting process. The presence of facets and dimples in fractographs indicated the mixed mode of fracture. The average percentage porosity presented in Al6063/silicon carbide/5p and Al6063/SiC/10p metal matrix composites was found to be 4.68% and 5.22%, respectively.
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., Raghavendra N. "DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE MMC DEVELOPED BY STIR CASTING PROCESS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 25 (September 25, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0525015.

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46

Kumar, T. Satish, S. Shalini, M. Ramu, and Titus Thankachan. "Characterization of ZrC reinforced AA6061 alloy composites produced using stir casting process." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34, no. 1 (January 2020): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-1214-0.

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47

Singh, Jagbir, C. S. Jawalkar, and R. M. Belokar. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AMC Fabricated by Vacuum Stir Casting Process." Silicon 12, no. 10 (December 10, 2019): 2433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00338-8.

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48

Sánchez de la Muela, Alejandro Miguel, Joana Duarte, João Santos Baptista, Luis Enrique García Cambronero, José Manuel Ruiz-Román, and Francisco Javier Elorza. "Stir Casting Routes for Processing Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Scoping Review." Processes 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030478.

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Metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) are advanced lightweight materials constituted by a metallic matrix and a dispersion of hollow/porous fillers. Physical and mechanical properties can be fitted regarding matrix and filler properties and processing parameters. Their properties make them potential materials for sectors where density is a limiting parameter, such as transport, marine, defense, aerospace, and engineering applications. MMSFs are mainly manufactured by powder metallurgy, infiltration, and stir casting techniques. This study focuses on the current stir casting approaches and on the advances and deficiencies, providing processing parameters and comparative analyses on porosity and mechanical properties. PRISMA approaches were followed to favor traceability and reproducibility of the study. Stir casting techniques are low-cost, industrially scalable approaches, but they exhibit critical limitations: buoyancy of fillers, corrosion of processing equipment, premature solidification of molten metal during mixing, cracking of fillers, heterogeneous distribution, and limited incorporation of fillers. Six different approaches were identified; four focus on limiting buoyancy, cracking, heterogeneous distribution of fillers, and excessive oxidation of sensitive matrix alloys to oxygen. These improvements favor reaching the maximum porosity of 54%, increasing the fillers’ size from a few microns to 4–5 mm, reducing residual porosity by ±4%, synthesizing bimodal MMSFs, and reaching maximum incorporation of 74 vol%.
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Uliasz, Piotr, Tadeusz Knych, Marek Blicharski, and Marzena Piwowarska. "Semi-Friction Stir Processing the Method for Improvement of the Product Surface Layer." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.83.

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The paper deals with the application of semi-Friction Stir Processing (s-FSP) to the improvement of surface contact within the flange joints used in casings of high-voltage switchgears which are filled with electroinsulating SF6 gas. The goal of the research was to design the appropriate tool (shape and size) as well as to select parameters for this s-FSP process which results in the removal of casting defects from the surface layer of the final product. The characteristics of the proposed process is the redesign of a tool shape, which is not equipped with an element penetrating and stirring the material (pin). Moreover, the process does not require the usage of sophisticated devices or tilting the tool relative to the treated surface during the process. The elaborated process is useful for repairing the defective castings, and in the case of high-voltage switchgears, it allows to achieve the required tightness of the joints.
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50

Royes, Paul, Nicolas Masquelier, Thierry Breville, and David Balloy. "Copper Effect on Mechanical Properties of Al-CNF Composite Material Elaborated by Liquid Metallurgy with Induction Melting." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2018.

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Aluminum-Carbon nanoFibers (CNF) composites produce by stir casting process present a yield strengths (YS) and an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) improved up to 33%. The hardening of the Al-CNF composite was considered as the sum of elementary contributions of effects: natural hardness of pure Al; grain size; dislocation density; elements in solid solution; CNF. In order to quantify CNF effect, calculation was performed to quantify the contribution to yield strength of each other’s mechanisms. This theoretical calculation was compared to experimental results and the real effect of CNF on yield strength increase was estimated between 10 and 16%. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Graphical Abstract (copper dots on CNF / stir casting process / contributions to hardening) Keywords: Aluminum matrix composite; copper-coated carbon nanofibers; liquid metallurgy elaboration; mechanical properties; hardening effect
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