Academic literature on the topic 'Stimulants de germination'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stimulants de germination"
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Logan, David C., and George R. Stewart. "Thidiazuron stimulates germination and ethylene production inStriga hermonthica– comparison with the effects of GR-24, ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid." Seed Science Research 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500002671.
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AbstractSeed germination of the hemiparasitic angiospermStriga hermonthicais elicited by compounds present in the root exudates of the host plant. A variety of chemicals can substitute for the host-derived signal although the exact mechanism through which these act is unknown. In the present study, thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-active urea derivative was found to stimulate germination. This thidiazuron-induced germination was shown to be mediated by endogenous ethylene, by a similar mechanism to germination induced by host-root exudate and the synthetic stimulant GR-24. Comparing the effects of TDZ, host-root exudate, GR-24 and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-car-boxylic (ACC) suggests that ethylene production increases as a result of increased ACC synthesis and is consistent with a model forStrigaseed germination in which host-derived signals and other stimulants act by eliciting the synthesis of ethylene via a stimulation of ACC synthase activity. All germination stimulants tested trigger a rapid increase in O2uptake by conditioned seeds. The patterns of O2uptake following TDZ or GR-24 treatments show similarities and three distinct phases of respiration are apparent. In contrast, stimulation of O2uptake by ethylene results in a different pattern, with no distinct phases obvious following the initial burst of activity.
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Howell, C. R. "Cotton Seedling Preemergence Damping-Off Incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and Its Biological Control with Trichoderma spp." Phytopathology® 92, no. 2 (February 2002): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.177.
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Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, an unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the diseased seedlings could be attributed to R. oryzae. Susceptibility to disease appeared to be related to release in the spermosphere, by the germinating seeds, of compounds that stimulate pathogen propagule germination, because exudates from seed of the suscept Sure-Grow 747 and extracts from wheat bran induced pathogen germination and growth, whereas exudates from resistant cv. Stoneville 213 did not. However, even Stoneville 213 became susceptible when infested soil was amended with wheat bran. Seed treatment with preparations of Trichoderma virens parent, mutant, and hybrid strains gave effective biological control of preemergence damping-off. Disease control was attributable to metabolism by the biocontrol agent of pathogen germination stimulants released by the seed, because amendment of pathogen-infested soil with the propagule germination stimulants in wheat bran negated the protective effect of the seed treatment.
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Matusova, Radoslava, Tom van Mourik, and Harro J. Bouwmeester. "Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants." Seed Science Research 14, no. 4 (December 2004): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2004187.
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The effects of preconditioning temperature and preconditioning period on the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 were studied under laboratory and field conditions. The temperature during preconditioning ofOrobanche cumanaandStriga hermonthicaseeds strongly affected the responsiveness of the seeds to the applied germination stimulant. Preconditioning at an optimal temperature (21°C forO. cumanaand 30°C forS. hermonthica) rapidly released dormancy and increased the sensitivity to GR24 by several orders of magnitude. After reaching maximum sensitivity, prolonged preconditioning rapidly induced secondary dormancy, i.e. decreased sensitivity ofO. cumanaandS. hermonthicato GR24. The rapid change in sensitivity of preconditioned seeds to germination stimulants during prolonged preconditioning was particularly visible at low concentrations of GR24. GR24 at higher concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg l1) usually induced high germination of both species, regardless of the preconditioning period. The striking similarities between the response of parasitic weed seeds to GR24, described here, and results in the literature on non-parasitic wild plant seeds are discussed. Our results show that parasitic weed seeds are highly sensitive to the germination stimulant for a short period of time only, and then enter into secondary dormancy relatively quickly. The similar germination pattern ofS. hermonthicaseeds preconditioned for prolonged periods of time under laboratory and field conditions suggests that the mechanism observed is of ecological significance.
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Krock, Bernd, Sybille Schmidt, Christian Hertweck, and Ian T. Baldwin. "Vegetation-derived abscisic acid and four terpenes enforce dormancy in seeds of the post-fire annual,Nicotiana attenuata." Seed Science Research 12, no. 4 (December 2002): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2002117.
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AbstractThe native tobacco,Nicotiana attenuata, synchronizes its germination with the immediate post-fire environment with a combination of germination stimulants found in wood smoke and inhibitors from the unburned litter of the dominant vegetation. The inhibitors override the stimulants and prevent seeds from germinating maladaptively in unburned habitats adjacent to burns. To understand the physiological basis of this environmental control of germination, we tested several previously isolated signals, phytohormones and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors. The germination inhibitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA, a constituent of sagebrush litter), bornane-2,5-dione (BD, a constituent of juniper litter extract, JLE) and JLE did not alter abscisic acid (ABA) content of imbibed seeds. Treatment with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, inhibited the dormancy-inducing effects of BD, JLE and MeJA, but surprisingly did not affect endogenous ABA levels in treated seeds. However, ABA leached from litter of the species, which dominate the plant community before fires, plays an important role in germination control. We conclude thatN. attenuataseeds, which can lie dormant in the soil for 150 years between fires, time their germination with the post-fire environment by responding to smoke, ABA and four terpenes (BD, 1,8-cineole, β-thujaplicin and camphor) leaching from the litter of the dominant vegetation.
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Ostroshenko, Valentina Yu, and Lyudmila Yu Ostroshenko. "Influence of Growth Stimulants on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-93-104.
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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a potential introduced plant that can be used for reforestation in the southern part of Primorsky Krai. This plant is valuable for water regulation and mountain strengthening. It is widely used in the national economy. However, the growing area of the stands reduces with logging. It is possible to speed up the regeneration process by applying growth stimulants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of natural (Zircon, Ekopin, Ribav-Extra) and synthetic (Krezatzin, Epin-Extra) growth stimulants on seed germination and biometric parameters of annual and biennial Scots pine seedlings (height, root collar diameter, length of root lobes, and biomass). Before cultivation, the seeds were soaked for 1 hour in a solution of KMnO4 (0.5 %) followed by 20 hours in growth stimulant solutions with concentrations 1.4·10–3 ml/l. The control group was presented with seeds without stimulant treatment. The soil germination was controlled on day 15. It was also determined the effectiveness of the stimulants as root top dressing for annual and biennial seedlings. The concentrations of the solutions were 0.2 and 0.1 ml/l with water as a solvent. The referentce group was seedlings without fertilization. Krezatzin, Ribav-Extra, and Ecopin had a significant impact on seed germination (92.7–94.0 %), exceeding the control group by 5.7–7.2 %. Krezatzin, Ribav-Extra, Zircon and Ecopin were most effective for Scots pine seedlings. In the first year of growth, seedling height increased by 20.3–43.5 %, root collar diameter by 22.2–38.9 %, root lobe length by 23.5–52.9 %. In the second year, these indicators exceeded the control group by 18.4–75.5, 2.9–11.8 and 15.0–36.1 %, respectively. The biomass of biennial seedlings increased by 63.7–185.2 % compared to the control group with the use of these stimulants. The solution concentration of 0.1 ml/l was more effective. The biennial seedlings grown using the stimulants as root top dressing according to biometric indicators meet the requirements of the Reforestation Regulations 2020, significantly exceeding the values specified in them. These seedlings can be used for planting woodlands and landscaping in populated areas. For citation: Ostroshenko V.Yu., Ostroshenko L.Yu. Influence of Growth Stimulants on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 93–104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-93-104
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Fedotov, G. N., V. S. Shalaev, Yu P. Batyrev, and I. V. Gorepekin. "METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING SEEDS GERMINATION STIMULANTS EFFECTIVENESS." FORESTRY BULLETIN 22, no. 6 (2018): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2018-6-95-101.
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Flematti, Gavin R., Adrian Scaffidi, Ethan D. Goddard-Borger, Charles H. Heath, David C. Nelson, Lucy E. Commander, Robert V. Stick, Kingsley W. Dixon, Steven M. Smith, and Emilio L. Ghisalberti. "Structure−Activity Relationship of Karrikin Germination Stimulants." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 15 (August 11, 2010): 8612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf101690a.
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Sun, Kingmo, Yuzhong Chen, Ty Wagerle, David Linnstaedt, Martin Currie, Preston Chmura, Ying Song, and Ming Xu. "Synthesis of butenolides as seed germination stimulants." Tetrahedron Letters 49, no. 18 (April 2008): 2922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.024.
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Saadah, I. R., A. Rahayu, J. P. Sahat, A. W. Wulandari, H. Jayanti, D. N. Susilowati, C. Azmi, and T. Handayani. "Bio-stimulants derived from seaweed enhance true shallot seed (TSS) growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012024.
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Abstract The obstacles that farmers face by using the True Shallot Seed (TSS) due to the germination ability. In a laboratory level, the application of bio-stimulants was tested to enhance the TSS germination. Two types of bio-stimulants namely Bio A and Bio B with 16 treatment were tested with the TSS. Hypocotyl length, speed of seed germination, germination percentage, seedling growth rate, number of dead seeds and abnormal seeds, number of fungi-infected and bacteria-infected seeds were all measured. The results showed that soaking in Bio A for 1-3 hours reduced 38%-46% of seeds attacked by seed-borne bacteria compared to the control. The Bio B treatment had a better effect on the speed of seed germination and germination percentage parameters, compared to Bio A.
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Braguy, Justine, Merey Ramazanova, Silvio Giancola, Muhammad Jamil, Boubacar A. Kountche, Randa Zarban, Abrar Felemban, et al. "SeedQuant: a deep learning-based tool for assessing stimulant and inhibitor activity on root parasitic seeds." Plant Physiology 186, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 1632–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab173.
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Abstract Witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanchaceae and Phelipanche spp.) are root parasitic plants that infest many crops in warm and temperate zones, causing enormous yield losses and endangering global food security. Seeds of these obligate parasites require rhizospheric, host-released stimulants to germinate, which opens up possibilities for controlling them by applying specific germination inhibitors or synthetic stimulants that induce lethal germination in the host’s absence. To determine their effect on germination, root exudates or synthetic stimulants/inhibitors are usually applied to parasitic seeds in in vitro bioassays, followed by assessment of germination ratios. Although these protocols are very sensitive, the germination recording process is laborious, representing a challenge for researchers and impeding high-throughput screens. Here, we developed an automatic seed census tool to count and discriminate germinated seeds (GS) from non-GS. We combined deep learning, a powerful data-driven framework that can accelerate the procedure and increase its accuracy, for object detection with computer vision latest development based on the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. Our method showed an accuracy of 94% in counting seeds of Striga hermonthica and reduced the required time from approximately 5 min to 5 s per image. Our proposed software, SeedQuant, will be of great help for seed germination bioassays and enable high-throughput screening for germination stimulants/inhibitors. SeedQuant is an open-source software that can be further trained to count different types of seeds for research purposes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stimulants de germination"
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Omami, Elizabeth Nabwile. "Amaranthus retroflexus seed dormancy and germination responses to environmental factors and chemical stimulants /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1993. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030603.091907/index.html.
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Omami, Elizabeth Nabwile, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Agriculture Horticulture and Social Ecology Faculty, and School of Horticulture. "Amaranthus retroflexus seed dormancy and germination responses to environmental factors and chemical stimulants." THESIS_FAHSE_HOR_Omami_E.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/66.
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A large number of weed seeds in the soil persist because of seed dormancy, and depletion of the seed bank through manipulation of seed dormancy has been suggested as one of the goals in weed control. This study was designed to investigate some of the factors which control dormancy and germination in Amaranthus retroflexus seeds. Germination studies were conducted at different temperatures, and either in continuous white light or in the dark. Higher temperatures increased germination and, although light interacted with temperature, its effect on germination varied with the temperature. In an attempt to determine changes in dormancy during dry storage, two lots of seeds were stored dry at different temperatures. Loss in dormancy increased with an increase in storage temperature and duration, but the time required for maximum germination varied according to the seedlot. Seeds germinated to higher percentages at high temperatures, but storage at higher temperatures and for prolonged duration resulted in seeds gaining the ability to germinate at lower temperatures. Changes in dormancy under field conditions were also examined. Seeds were buried at different depths and for different durations and they all lost viability with time, but this loss was greater in surface-sown and shallowly buried seeds. Dormancy was broken during cold periods and induced as warmer periods progressed. The effects of chemical stimulants on dormancy and germination were investigated. The response of seeds to ethephon and nitrate were assessed at different temperatures either at continuous white light or in the dark. Germination increased with the concentration of the chemicals, and a greater response was observed at lower temperatures. The response to light varied depending on temperatureMaster of Science (Hons)
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Omami, Elizabeth Nabwile. "Amaranthus retroflexus seed dormancy and germination responses to environmental factors and chemical stimulants." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/66.
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A large number of weed seeds in the soil persist because of seed dormancy, and depletion of the seed bank through manipulation of seed dormancy has been suggested as one of the goals in weed control. This study was designed to investigate some of the factors which control dormancy and germination in Amaranthus retroflexus seeds. Germination studies were conducted at different temperatures, and either in continuous white light or in the dark. Higher temperatures increased germination and, although light interacted with temperature, its effect on germination varied with the temperature. In an attempt to determine changes in dormancy during dry storage, two lots of seeds were stored dry at different temperatures. Loss in dormancy increased with an increase in storage temperature and duration, but the time required for maximum germination varied according to the seedlot. Seeds germinated to higher percentages at high temperatures, but storage at higher temperatures and for prolonged duration resulted in seeds gaining the ability to germinate at lower temperatures. Changes in dormancy under field conditions were also examined. Seeds were buried at different depths and for different durations and they all lost viability with time, but this loss was greater in surface-sown and shallowly buried seeds. Dormancy was broken during cold periods and induced as warmer periods progressed. The effects of chemical stimulants on dormancy and germination were investigated. The response of seeds to ethephon and nitrate were assessed at different temperatures either at continuous white light or in the dark. Germination increased with the concentration of the chemicals, and a greater response was observed at lower temperatures. The response to light varied depending on temperature
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Daignan, fornier de lachaux Suzanne. "Synthèse totale de la cannalactone, strigolactone non-canonique du chanvre et développement d'analogues synthétiques pour leur évaluation biologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASF081.
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Les strigolactones sont des apocaroténoïdes, avec des structures très variées, possédant de nombreuses activités biologiques pour le développement des plantes. La cannalactone, une nouvelle strigolactone non-canonique de structure originale, a été isolée des exsudats de chanvre. Ce travail de thèse présente la synthèse racémique de cette molécule naturelle, dont la fonctionnalisation sur le cycle A par un alcool tertiaire allylique s'est révélée être le cœur du défi. Cette étape a été réussie grâce à l'utilisation d'une réaction de réduction et d'isomérisation radicalaire avec un complexe de titane permettant de conduire à la première synthèse totale de la cannalactone, confirmant sa structure et sa stéréochimie. De nombreux analogues de ce produit naturel, avec des structures variées, ont été synthétisés. Leurs activités biologiques ont été évaluées, telles que la stimulation de la germination des graines de plantes parasites Phelipanche ramosa attaquant le chanvre, le contrôle de l'architecture des plantes et l'induction de la symbiose endomycorhizienne à arbuscules. Cette étude a contribué à une meilleure compréhension des éléments structuraux essentiels pour la sélectivité de l'activité biologique de strigolactones non-canoniques. Des analogues simplifiés de la cannalactone ont été proposés pour contrôler le développement de Phelipanche ramosa sur le chanvreStrigolactones are apocarotenoids with numerous biological activities for plant development. Cannalactone, a new noncanonical strigolactone with an original structure, has been isolated from hemp exudates. This PhD work presents the racemic synthesis of this natural molecule, in which functionalization on the A ring by an allylic tertiary alcohol proved to be the key challenge. This was achieved using a radical reduction and isomerization reaction with a titanium complex, leading to the first total synthesis of cannalactone, confirming its structure and stereochemistry. Numerous analogues of this natural product, with a variety of structures, have been synthesized. Their biological activities were evaluated, such as the seed germination stimulation of the root parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa attacking hemp, the plant architecture, and the induction of arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis. This study has contributed to a better understanding of the structural elements essential for the selectivity of the noncanonical strigolactones biological activity. Simplified analogues of cannalactone have been proposed to control the development of Phelipanche ramosa on hemp
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Larose, Hailey Lee Ann. "Exploring the genetic basis of germination specificity in the parasitic plants Orobanche cernua and O. cumana." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94423.
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Seeds of the root parasitic plants of the genus Orobanche germinate specifically in response to host-derived germination signals, which enables parasites to detect and attack preferred hosts. The best characterized class of germination stimulants is the strigolactones (SLs), although some species respond to non-SL compounds, such as dehydrocostus lactone (DCL). Recent work indicates that SLs are perceived by members of the KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) gene family, and suggests that within parasitic Orobanchaceae the KAI2 genes have undergone duplication and specialization. The "diverged" clade of these genes, termed KAI2d, has been shown to bind SL germination stimulants in model system assays, but the precise role for KAI2d in regulating germination specificity in a parasitic plant has not been demonstrated. To address this issue, we used genetic and genomic approaches involving two closely related species, Orobanche cernua and O. cumana, which differ primarily in host range and stimulant preference. Orobanche cernua parasitizes tomato (and other Solanaceous crops) and responds to orobanchol, the major SL from tomato roots, whereas O. cumana specifically parasitizes sunflower and responds to DCL. Crosses between O. cernua and O. cumana produced hybrid populations that segregate for stimulant specificity, creating a tractable genetic system. Orobanche cernua contains four KAI2d genes (numbered OrceKAI2d1-4), while O. cumana contains six genes (OrcuKAI2d1-6). The DNA from 94 F2 hybrids was genotyped to identify the KAI2d gene composition and these were correlated with germination phenotype. The pattern of segregation indicated that the KAI2d genes are linked, but pointed to OrceKAI2d2 as a likely orobanchol receptor. Response to DCL was associated with inheritance of all O. cumana KAI2d genes together. Each KAI2d gene was expressed in the Arabidopsis thaliana kai2 mutant background and tested for ability to recover the mutant phenotype when exposed to SLs (including orobanchol, 5-deoxystrigol and GR24) or DCL. One O. cernua gene, OrceKAI2d2, responded to all SLs, but not DCL in this system. No DCL-specific KAI2 genes were identified. In summary, we have identified the likely SL receptor in O. cernua, and show evidence that the DCL receptor is either not a KAI2d protein, or uses KAI2d in combination with other signaling pathway components.Ph. D.
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Lechat, Marc-Marie. "Études des mécanismes impliqués dans la perception des molécules stimulant la germination des plantes parasites des genres Orobanche et Phelipanche." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=05b4933c-89bb-4ff2-83cd-ecd9d1e5dd94.
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La germination des graines d’orobanche est adaptée à leur mode de vie parasitaire et constitue une étape clé du cycle de leur développement. Cette germination particulière se déroule en deux phases distinctes, le conditionnement et la stimulation. Tandis que le conditionnement, sous contrôle abiotique, permet l’acquisition de la sensibilité aux stimulants de germination (SG), la stimulation, sous contrôle biotique, permet l’achèvement de la germination après perception de SG émis par la plante hôte, essentiellement des strigolactones (SL). Cette étude, d’abord menée chez Phelipanche ramosa, a permis de mettre en évidence l’induction SL-dépendante d’un gène clé, PrCYP707A1, codant une enzyme de catabolisme de l’acide abscissique (ABA). Le catabolisme de cette phytohormone entraine la levée de dormance et permet alors l’achèvement de la germination. Il a été démontré d’autre part que la voie de transduction des SL menant à l’induction de ce gène est dépendante de protéines / hydrolases, d’une protéine homologue à MAX2, ainsi que du protéasome 26S. Plus largement, chez les plantes parasites des genres Striga et Orobanche l’induction SG-dépendante d’un gène CYP707A est aussi conservée. De même, chez Arabidopsis thaliana, le gène AtCYP707A3 est induit par les SL lors de la germination. Au cours du conditionnement, l’induction du gène PrCYP707A1 par les SG a été démontrée comme étant sous le contrôle d’un processus épigénétique. En effet, une déméthylation des cytosines de l’ADN, notamment au niveau du promoteur du gène PrCYP707A1, est nécessaire à l’acquisition de la sensibilité aux SGSeed germination of broomrapes is adapted to their parasitic lifestyle and is a key step in their development cycle. This particular germination is the result of two distinct processes, conditioning and stimulation. While conditioning is under abiotic control and allows the acquisition of sensitivity to germination stimulants (GS), stimulation is under biotic control and allows the completion of germination after perception of GS produced by the host plant, mainly strigolactones (SL). This work highlights the SL-dependent induction of PrCYP707A1 expression, a key gene encoding an abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic enzyme in Phelipanche ramosa. Catabolism of this plant hormone leads to dormancy breakdown and thus allows the completion of germination. Sl pathway leading to PrCYP707A1 induction involved / hydrolase proteins, a protein homologous to MAX. 2, and the 26S proteasom. More generally, in parasitic plants from Striga and Orobanche genus, GS-dependent induction of CYP707A1 gene was also conserved. Similarly, in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtCYP707A3 gene was induced by SL during germination. These results highlight a common SL-dependent dormancy breakdown process by the ABA catabolism. This work also demonstrated that during the conditioning period, PrCYP707A1 gene induction by GS was under the control of an epigenetic process. Indeed, demethylation of cytosine from DNA, especially in the PrCYP707A1 promoter, is required for the acquisition of GS sensitivity in P. Ramosa seeds
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Abrantes, Fabiana Lima [UNESP]. "Efeito de bioestimulante sobre a produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de dois cultivares de feijão cultivados no inverno." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98902.
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abrantes_fl_me_ilha.pdf: 951412 bytes, checksum: 7206c14377b6cbbb96736e76ee2d142b (MD5)Nos últimos anos a tecnologia tem sido utilizada visando o aumento da produtividade em cultivos de feijão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de bioestimulante sobre a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de dois cultivares de feijão, cultivados no inverno em condições de Cerrado. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período do outono-inverno de 2007, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira – UNESP, localizada no Município de Selvíria/MS. No experimento foram utilizadas sementes de feijão do cultivar IAC Apuã e Carioca Precoce. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, no esquema em faixas com um arranjo fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de cinco doses (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 L p.c. ha-1) de Stimulate, em duas épocas de aplicação em dois cultivares: no estádio vegetativo (V4) e no reprodutivo (R5). Avaliou-se a população final de plantas, altura média das plantas e inserção da primeira vagem, nº de vagens/planta, nº de sementes/vagem, nº de sementes/planta, massa de 100 sementes e a produtividade. O Stimulate proporcionou aumento no número de vagens/planta (Cultivar IAC Apuã), número de sementes/planta e na produtividade, e para o número de sementes/planta e a produtividade a melhor época de aplicação foi em R5. As doses e as épocas de aplicação do Stimulate não influenciaram significativamente na altura das plantas e inserção da primeira vagem, número de sementes/vagem, massa de 100 sementes e nos teores foliares dos nutrientes em nenhum dos cultivares. E na qualidade fisiológica das semente as doses do Stimulate influenciaram significativamente na porcentagem de plântulas fortes, porém não afetaram a taxa de germinação, primeira contagem, comprimento de plântulas...
Lately, technology has been used to increase bean productivity. Therefore, this research work was aimed at evaluating the application effect of bio stimulant on the seeds productivity and physiological quality of two common bean seeds cultivars, grown winter in Cerrado conditions. The research was carried out during autumn-winter of 2007, on the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenhaira do Campus de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, in Selvíria-MS. Seeds of IAC Apuã and Carioca Precoce cultivars were used in the experiment. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in lanes with a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial outline and four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five Stimulate doses (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 L p.c. ha-1), in two application periods: at vegetative stage (V4) and at reproductive stage (R5) in two common bean cultivars. Final plants population, plants average height and first pod insertion, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed mass and productivity were evaluated. Stimulate provided an increase in the number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and also in the productivity and as for the number of seeds/plant and productivity, the most appropriate application period was at R5. The plants height and the first pod insertion, number of seeds/pod, 100-seed mass and leaf contents were not influenced by the Stimulate doses nor the application times. Concerning the seeds physiological quality of the cultivars, Stimulate doses significantly influenced the percentage of healthy seedlings; however, they did not influence the germination rate, the first counting, the seedlings length, emergence, speed emergence, seedlings height, fresh and dry matter of the seedlings, fast aging, cold test and electrical conductivity.
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Carter, Mel. "Investigating novel approaches for the integrated control of the soilborne strawberry pathogens Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1628.
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Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) are emerging soilborne pathogens causing crown rot and Fusarium wilt, respectively, in commercial strawberry production in California. Fungicides representing eight active ingredients from four different mode of action groups (FRAC groups 1, 3, 7 and 12) were evaluated for their efficacy against each pathogen in vitro and each disease in planta. Fungicide active ingredients were evaluated for their ability to inhibit mycelial growth of both pathogens in vitro. Half-strength potato dextrose agar was amended with six different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50 µg a.i./ml) of seven fungicides in FRAC groups 3, 7 and 12. Concentrations that inhibited fungal growth by 75% (EC75) compared to unamended media were determined for two different isolates each of Mp and Fof and were used to determine fungicide rates for subsequent in planta studies. Tebuconazole strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of both pathogens (average EC75 for Mp was 2.4 ppm; average EC75 for Fof was 7.48 ppm), as did metconazole (average EC75 for Mp was2.53 ppm; average EC75 for Fof was 1.28 ppm). Fludioxonil strongly inhibited mycelial growth of Mp, but had no impact on the growth of Fof. Penthiopyrad, fluopyram, flutriafol, and flutolanil were less effective at inhibiting fungal growth of either fungus. Greenhouse in planta studies evaluated twenty-four fungicide treatments (eight fungicides at low, med and high rates) that were drench applied to infested potting media two days prior to planting of pathogen susceptible strawberry cultivars (San Andreas for Mp and Monterey for Fof) and again at day 21. Controls were a non-inoculated and an inoculated water-drench treatment. Buried inoculum was recovered at days 2 and 23 and plated on selective media for colony forming unit (CFU) quantification. Plant disease assessments were made each week for 11 weeks. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of CFUs revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatments and when compared to the non-treated control for both Mp and Fof, but showed significant decreases (p < 0.05) in CFUs between weeks 1 and 3 for both Mp and Fof. An ANOVA for disease assessments in the form of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) showed significant decreases of disease severity in treatments with penthiopyrad only (low, medium and high rates) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in AUDPC among treatments and when compared to the non-inoculated and no-fungicide controls for Fof. The data indicates that these fungicides used alone are not effective against these pathogens in planta.
A strawberry plant extract (germination stimulant) was assessed for its ability to stimulate germination of Mp microsclerotia in vitro and in planta. The germination stimulant was applied as a drench at six different concentrations (0, 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 30,000 ppm) to soil containing filter disk packets of microsclerotia of Mp at day 0 and 14. Filter disk packets were retrieved three days after the drench and microsclerotia were observed microscopically for germination. Results showed that the number of germinating microsclerotia was significantly higher after the application of the germination stimulant compared to non-drench and 0 ppm controls (p < 0.001).
An integrated container trial was also conducted using the germination stimulant at 10,000 ppm applied three days prior to a fungicide drench with tebuconazole or thiophanate-methyl to determine the effect of fungicides on the germinated microscleotia. The use of the germination stimulant with label rates of the fungicides lowered the number of germinated intact microsclerotia significantly (p < 0.001) especially after two drench applications. The use of the germination stimulant with fungicides could be investigated further as one method for controlling soilborne diseases of strawberry.
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Goddard-Borger, Ethan D. "Some synthetic carbohydrate chemistry : natural product synthesis, rational inhibitor design and the development of a new reagent." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0043.
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Earnest carbohydrate research was initiated in the nineteenth century by several talented organic chemists. Carbohydrates, now known to play essential roles in a range of fundamental biological processes, are presently studied by a throng of scientists from many fields, including: biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, structural biology, medicine, agriculture, pharmacology and, of course, chemistry. Organic chemistry remains as relevant to carbohydrate research as it has ever been; its practitioners, with their skills in synthesis and fundamental understanding of molecules, are truly indispensable. This thesis details various synthetic endeavours within the field of carbohydrate chemistry. It describes four projects with goals as diverse as natural product synthesis, rational inhibitor design and the development of new reagents in organic synthesis. The first chapter provides an account of the synthesis of compound 1, a potent germination stimulant present in smoke, from D-xylose. Many analogues of 1 were prepared from carbohydrates and evaluated as germination stimulants, which permitted the dissemination of several structure-activity relationships. Subsequent chapters describe the design and preparation of inhibitors for various carbohydrate-processing enzymes. Compounds 55 and 56 were sought after as putative synergistic inhibitors of a Vitis vinifera (grape) uridine diphospho-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvGT1). It was hoped that crystallographic investigations of VvGT1-UDP-2/3 complexes by a collaborator, structural biologist Professor Gideon Davies, would aid in clarifying mechanistic aspects of this enzyme.Compounds 114, 115 and 118 were prepared as putative arabinanase inhibitors. Once again, this work was undertaken to assist in crystallographic studies that might provide a better understanding of how these enzymes operate. The thesis concludes by describing the development of compound 152.HCl, a novel reagent for the diazotransfer reaction. Previously, this reaction utilised trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide (TfN3), an expensive and explosive liquid with a poor shelf-life, to convert a primary amine directly into an azide. Reagent 152.HCl was developed to replace TfN3 in this useful synthetic transformation. A one-pot procedure enabled the simple and inexpensive preparation of 152.HCl, which was demonstrated to be shelf-stable, crystalline and, crucially, effective in the diazotransfer reaction.
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Abrantes, Fabiana Lima. "Efeito de bioestimulante sobre a produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de dois cultivares de feijão cultivados no inverno /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98902.
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Orientador: Marco Eustáquio de SáBanca: Kuniko Iwamoto Haga
Banca: Stela Maris Kulczynski
Resumo: Nos últimos anos a tecnologia tem sido utilizada visando o aumento da produtividade em cultivos de feijão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de bioestimulante sobre a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de dois cultivares de feijão, cultivados no inverno em condições de Cerrado. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período do outono-inverno de 2007, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, localizada no Município de Selvíria/MS. No experimento foram utilizadas sementes de feijão do cultivar IAC Apuã e Carioca Precoce. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, no esquema em faixas com um arranjo fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de cinco doses (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 L p.c. ha-1) de Stimulate, em duas épocas de aplicação em dois cultivares: no estádio vegetativo (V4) e no reprodutivo (R5). Avaliou-se a população final de plantas, altura média das plantas e inserção da primeira vagem, nº de vagens/planta, nº de sementes/vagem, nº de sementes/planta, massa de 100 sementes e a produtividade. O Stimulate proporcionou aumento no número de vagens/planta (Cultivar IAC Apuã), número de sementes/planta e na produtividade, e para o número de sementes/planta e a produtividade a melhor época de aplicação foi em R5. As doses e as épocas de aplicação do Stimulate não influenciaram significativamente na altura das plantas e inserção da primeira vagem, número de sementes/vagem, massa de 100 sementes e nos teores foliares dos nutrientes em nenhum dos cultivares. E na qualidade fisiológica das semente as doses do Stimulate influenciaram significativamente na porcentagem de plântulas fortes, porém não afetaram a taxa de germinação, primeira contagem, comprimento de plântulas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Lately, technology has been used to increase bean productivity. Therefore, this research work was aimed at evaluating the application effect of bio stimulant on the seeds productivity and physiological quality of two common bean seeds cultivars, grown winter in Cerrado conditions. The research was carried out during autumn-winter of 2007, on the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenhaira do Campus de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, in Selvíria-MS. Seeds of IAC Apuã and Carioca Precoce cultivars were used in the experiment. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in lanes with a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial outline and four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five Stimulate doses (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 L p.c. ha-1), in two application periods: at vegetative stage (V4) and at reproductive stage (R5) in two common bean cultivars. Final plants population, plants average height and first pod insertion, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed mass and productivity were evaluated. Stimulate provided an increase in the number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and also in the productivity and as for the number of seeds/plant and productivity, the most appropriate application period was at R5. The plants height and the first pod insertion, number of seeds/pod, 100-seed mass and leaf contents were not influenced by the Stimulate doses nor the application times. Concerning the seeds physiological quality of the cultivars, Stimulate doses significantly influenced the percentage of healthy seedlings; however, they did not influence the germination rate, the first counting, the seedlings length, emergence, speed emergence, seedlings height, fresh and dry matter of the seedlings, fast aging, cold test and electrical conductivity.
Mestre
Book chapters on the topic "Stimulants de germination"
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Thiombiano, Benjamin, Kristýna Floková, Aimee Walmsley, and Harro J. Bouwmeester. "Striga Germination Stimulant Analysis." In Mutation Breeding and Efficiency Enhancing Technologies for Resistance to Striga in Cereals, 115–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68181-7_8.
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AbstractStriga is a flowering parasitic plant that can infect a broad range of crops including sorghum, maize and rice. The life cycle of Striga is intricately linked to its host, using host derived signals to initiate germination and attach to its host. Host susceptibility to Striga is thus directly correlated to the production and exudation of these signals. In this chapter we discuss the strigolactones, the most important class of Striga germination stimulants. We review the structural diversity of the strigolactones, their transport and biological relevance in plant and rhizosphere, and their importance for host specificity. In addition, we describe methods to analyse germination stimulant production by a Striga host: how to, reproducibly, collect the root exudate of a host, how to process these exudates, partially purify them and analyse them using analytical chemistry or a high-throughput image analysis-based germination bioassay.
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Yoneyama, Koichi, Daisuke Sato, Yasutomo Takeuchi, Hitoshi Sekimoto, Takao Yokota, and Takashi Sassa. "Search for Germination Stimulants and Inhibitors for Root Parasitic Weeds." In ACS Symposium Series, 88–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0927.ch007.
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Nelson, Eric B. "Bacterial Metabolism of Propagule Germination Stimulants as an Important Trait in the Biocontrol of Pythium Seed Infections." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 353–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_49.
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Ostroshenko, Valentina, and Lyudmila Ostroshenko. "Efficiency of the Application of Growth Stimulants Ribav-Extra and Zircon in the Germination of Manchurian Fir (Abies Holophylla Maxim.) Seeds." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021), 637–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91402-8_71.
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Rich, Patrick J. "An Agar-Based Method for Determining Mechanisms of Striga Resistance in Sorghum." In Mutation Breeding and Efficiency Enhancing Technologies for Resistance to Striga in Cereals, 85–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68181-7_6.
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AbstractThis chapter describes an agar-based method for co-culturing sorghum and Striga that can be used to determine Striga germination stimulant activity, haustorial initiation activity and other pre-attachment and early post-attachment resistance mechanisms in sorghum.
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Hartmann, Karl M., and Anne Mollwo. "Moon-and nightlight Stimulate germination of sensitized lettuce." In Biologic Effects of Light 1998, 79–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5051-8_14.
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Geras'kin, Stanislav, Roman Churyukin, Polina Volkova, and Sofiya Bitarishvili. "Using ionizing radiation for improving the development and yield of agricultural crops." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 424–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0043.
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Abstract The response of barley seedlings was studied after gamma irradiation of seeds with doses in the range of 2-50 Gy. It was shown that stimulation of plant growth occurred in the dose range of 16-20 Gy. The influences of the dose rate, the quality of seeds and their moisture on the manifestation of radiation effects were investigated. We studied, under controlled conditions, the activities of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and observed an increase in their activity in the range of doses that cause stimulation of seedling growth. We showed that changes in the balance among different classes of phytohormones were probably involved in the acceleration of plant growth after irradiation of seeds using stimulating doses. Gamma irradiation of barley seeds significantly influenced the development of plants during the growing season. After irradiation with stimulating doses, we observed a reduction in the duration of the initial stages of ontogenesis; the phase of full ripeness occurred 5-7 days earlier than in the controls. The manifestation of the effect of irradiation depended on the conditions in which the plants developed. During the growing season of 2014, which was a dry year, plants originating from the irradiated seeds showed an increase in the number of productive stems, which led to an increase in yield by 34-38%; during the optimal 2015 season, an increase in the number of grains per spike caused an increase in yield by 8-29%. Therefore, our field study has shown that at least some hormetic effects can occur in the field. Irradiation of seeds can increase field germination, stimulate the growth and development of plants and increase their resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions. A more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hormesis is needed to exploit its potential benefits in crop production.
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Van Thi Nguyen, Ngoc, Kim Ngan Huynh Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen, Kyeong Ho Kim, and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein. "Chiral Alkaloid Analysis." In Current Topics in Chirality - From Chemistry to Biology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96009.
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Alkaloids are distributed in plant kingdom and play important role in protection, germination as well as plant growth stimulants. Most of them are chiral compounds and are clinically administered as the racemic mixture, even though its enantiomers have been known to exert different pharmacological activity. Liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases (CSP) proved to be an essential tool with a wide range of applications, including analysis of the stereochemistry of natural compounds. This review gives an overview of chiral separation alkaloids that were used in theoretical studies and/or applications in recent years. It shows the possibilities of polysaccharide CSPs have now also been established as the first-choice of chiral phases for enantiomer separation.
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Trengove, Robert, Kingsley Dixon, Gavin Flematti, and Emilio Ghisalberti. "Germination Stimulant in Smoke." In Bioactive Natural Products, 531–54. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006889.ch20.
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"Germination Stimulant in Smoke: Isolation and Identifi cation." In Bioactive Natural Products, 545–68. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006889-24.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Stimulants de germination"
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Shakhmatov, P. F., S. A. Kabanova, and M. A. Danchenko. "STIMULATING EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF COMMON PINE SEEDS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.269-271.
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The results of research on pre-sowing treatment of common pine seeds with various stimulants are presented. Laboratory germination with theuse of the stimulator "Humat+7 microelements" was 59% and was 72% - with the"EridGrowwatering ". All annual seedlings were higher than the control samples in terms of the experiment options. Ithas been revealed that the most promising stimulants are "EridGrow" and "HUMATE +7 microelements"
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Kolesovs, Sergejs, Kristaps Neiberts, and Pavels Semjonovs. "Use of microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris living-cells suspensions for plant biostimulation." In 81st International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iarb.2023.04.
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Up to date research on microalgae as plant biostimulants remains fragmented and use of living microalgal cell suspensions is understudied. This research focuses on use of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris living-cells suspensions as growth stimulants for garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Different concentrations of microalgal biomass suspensions were tested. It was found that plant treatment with S. quadricauda biomass 0.8 g/L (dry weight) suspension resulted in a significant improvement in L. sativum seeds germination and growth rate.
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Anikina, L. M., O. R. Udalova, and G. G. Panova. "Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer on the growth and development of seedlings." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-2.
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The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of spring wheat varieties ‘Ester’ and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer (SCM) on the seedlings’ growth and development was studied. Varietal differences of spring wheat in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with SCM were revealed. For both wheat varieties, this fertilizer stimulates the germination energy and germination itself. Thus, after SCM treatment at a concentration of 5 mg/l, there was a significant increase in ‘Ester’ seed germination energy (by 19 %) compared to control, as well as by 20–27 % in ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety. More pronounced stimulating effect of SCM was observed for ‘Ester’ at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l; the same for ‘Leningradskaya 6’ – at a concentration of 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l.
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Козарь, Елена, И. Енгалычева, А. Антошкин, Е. Козарь, Наталия Мащенко, and Ала Боровская. "Использование вторичных метаболитов высших растений для обработки семян фасоли." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.15.
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The use of preparations based on secondary plant metabolites is an alternative to chemical pesti-cides, to which the vegetable bean culture is very sensitive. Аll preparations stimulate the germination and development of the root system of seedlings, which contributes to an increase in the germination and resistance of beans to Fusarium in the early stages of development. 0.01% concentration is the most op-timal for treating beans before sowing. Verbascoside exhibits a prolonged immunomodulatory effect and effectively inhibits the development of the disease throughout the growing season. Bioregulators mold-stim and linaroside work more effectively together with chemical fungicides, reducing their phytotoxicity and increasing plant stress resiastance.
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Agaselimova, S. S. "ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2023.211-213.
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Ultrasonic technologies have a wide range of applications in agriculture. They can be used for various tasks of high-quality processing, storage and protection of seeds. Ultrasonic seed treatment can stimulate germination, improve plant nutrition and increase stress tolerance. It can also increase the effectiveness of fertilizer and pesticide applications.
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Vasilenko, Vladimir. "Red/Infrared Light from Light Emitting Diodes Stimulates Germination and Improves Vigour of Seedlings." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2424.
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Ostroshenko, V. Iu. "The effectiveness of ecopine growth stimulant during germination densely flowered pine seed (pinus densiflora siebold et zucc.)." In General question of world science. "Наука России", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-03-2019-23.
Full textReports on the topic "Stimulants de germination"
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Westwood, James H., Yaakov Tadmor, and Hanan Eizenberg. Identifying the genes involved in host root perception by root parasitic weeds: Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of Orobanche hybrids differing in signal response specificity. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598145.bard.
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Seeds of the root parasitic plants of the genus Orobanchegerminate specifically in response to host-derived germination signals, which enables parasites to detect and attack preferred hosts. The best characterized class of germination stimulants is the strigolactones (SL), although some species respond to sesquiterpene lactones such as dehydrocostuslactone (DCL). Despite great progress in characterizing the SL signaling system in plants, the mechanism(s) by which parasite species detect specific compounds remains poorly understood. The goal of our project was to identify and characterize the genes responsible for stimulant specificity in O. cernuaand O. cumana. These two species are closely related, but differ in host range, with O. cernuaparasitizingSolanaceous crops such as tomato (and responding to SLs), and O. cumanaspecifically parasitizing sunflower (and responding to DCL). We used a genetic approach based on O. cernuax O. cumanahybrids to associate germination response with genes. We found that these parasite species each have multiple copies of KAI2d genes, which function in SL perception. In O. cernua, the OrceKAI2d2 responds to SL stimulants and is most consistently associated with hybrid lines that respond to SLs. For O. cumana, an apparently linked block of KAI2d genes was associated with response to DCL in hybrid lines, but we found no strong evidence that any of the OrcuKAI2d genes specifically recognize the DCL stimulant. Remarkably, one O. cumanagene, OrcuKAI2d5, responds to certain SLs in a genetic complementation assay, even though hybrid lines containing this gene show fidelity to DCL. In summary, we have identified the SL receptor in O. cernua, but the DCL receptor in O. cumanaremains unknown. Our data point to involvement of additional genes and yet greater levels of complexity regulating germination specificity in Orobanche. BARD Report - Project 4616 Page 2 of 8
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Joel, Daniel M., John C. Steffens, and Alfred M. Mayer. Host-Elicited Germination and Mechanism of Penetration in Broomrape (Orobanche Spp.). United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568107.bard.
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Orobanche is an important parasitic weed. For developing novel methods for its control, a thorough understanding of crucial stages of its development is needed. Therefore, the objectives of this project were characterization of Orobanche germination stimulants, analysis of mechanisms of haustorial penetration, and characterization and isolation of penetration enzymes. The first highly potent natural germination stimulant for Orobanche was isolated from sunflower and identified by high-field 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC)-NMR, GC.FT-IR, and GC.MS as costuslactone, a guaiane type sesquiterpene lactone that resembles strigol only in possessing a lactone moiety that is required for activity. The first direct in situ evidence for the enzymatic nature of the infection process of a parasitic angiosperm was established. Pectin deesterification and depletion of pectins in host cell walls were shown adjacent to haustorial cells. Pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase were immunocytochemically detected in intrusive cells and in adjacent host apoplast. Orobanche tissues contain inhibitors of PGase activity. PME and three PGases were isolated from Orobanche calli. PME was characterized and purified, and antibodies were prepared against it. This study presents novel findings regarding parasitism in Orobanche, which may help to open up new approaches for controlling broomrapes.