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Academic literature on the topic 'Stillbirth'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Stillbirth"

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Åmark, Hanna, Christina Pilo, and Ingela Hulthén Varli. "Stillbirth in term and late term gestations in Stockholm during a 20-year period, incidence and causes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): e0251965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251965.

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Introduction The incidence of stillbirth has decreased marginally or remained stable during the past decades in high income countries. A recent report has shown Stockholm to have a lower incidence of stillbirth at term than other parts of Sweden. The risk of antepartum stillbirth increases in late term and postterm pregnancies which is one of the factors contributing to the current discussion regarding the optimal time of induction of labor due to postterm pregnancy. Material and methods This is a cohort study based on the Stockholm Stillbirth Database which contains all cases of stillbirth from 1998-2018 in Stockholm County. All cases were reviewed systematically and the cause of death was evaluated according to the Stockholm Stillbirth Classification. Stillbirths diagnosed between gestational week (GW) 37+0 and 40+6 n = 605 were compared to stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards n = 157, according to the cause of stillbirth and pregnancy and maternal characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the incidence of stillbirth over time and the incidence of stillbirth diagnosed from GW 41+0. Results In Stockholm County the overall incidence of stillbirth has decreased from 4.6/1000 births during the period 1998-2004 to 3.4/1000 births during the period 2014-2018, p-value <0.001. When comparing the same time periods, the incidence of stillbirth diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards has decreased from 0.5/1000 births to 0.15/1000 births, p-value <0.001. Among women still pregnant at GW 41+0 the incidence of stillbirth has decreased from 1.8/ 1000 to 0.5/ 1000. When comparing stillbirths diagnosed at GW 37+0-40+6 with stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards infection was a more common cause of stillbirth in the latter group. Conclusion In Stockholm County there was a decreasing incidence of stillbirth overall and in stillbirths diagnosed from 41+0 weeks of gestation and onwards during the period 1998-2018. In stillbirths diagnosed from GW 41+0 and onwards infection was a more common cause of death compared to stillbirths diagnosed between GW 37+0 and 40+6.
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Gordon, Louisa G., Thomas M. Elliott, Tania Marsden, David A. Ellwood, T. Yee Khong, Jessica Sexton, and Vicki Flenady. "Healthcare costs of investigations for stillbirth from a population-based study in Australia." Australian Health Review 45, no. 6 (2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20291.

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ObjectiveStillbirth investigations incur healthcare costs, but these investigations are necessary to provide information that will help reduce the risk of a recurrent stillbirth, as well as advice regarding family planning and future pregnancies. The aims of this study were to determine the healthcare costs of investigations for stillbirths, identify drivers and assess cost differences between explained and unexplained stillbirths. MethodsData from 697 stillbirths were extracted from the Stillbirth Causes Study covering the period 2013–18. The dataset comprised all investigations related to stillbirth on the mother, baby and placenta. Unit costs applied were sourced from the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule, local hospital estimates and published literature. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess key factors in cost estimates. ResultsIn all, 200 (28.7%) stillbirths were unexplained and 76.8% of these had between five and eight core investigations. Unexplained stillbirths were twice as likely to have eight core investigations as explained stillbirths (16.5% vs 7.7%). The estimated aggregated cost of stillbirth investigations for 697 stillbirths was A$2.13 million (mean A$3060, median A$4246). The main cost drivers were autopsies or cytogenetic screening. Mean costs were similar when stillbirths had known or unknown causes and by reason for stillbirth among cases with definable causes. ConclusionInvestigations for stillbirth in Australia cost approximately A$4200 per stillbirth on average and are critical for managing future pregnancies and preventing more stillbirths. These findings improve our understanding of the costs that may be averted if stillbirths can be prevented through primary prevention initiatives. What is known about the topic?Approximately 2000 stillbirths occur each year in Australia, and this trend has not changed for several decades. Stillbirth investigations incur healthcare costs, but these investigations are necessary to provide information to help reduce the risk of a recurrent stillbirth and advice regarding family planning and future pregnancies. Recommendations for the core set of stillbirth investigations have recently been agreed upon by consensus. What does this paper add?The costs of stillbirth investigations are unknown in Australia. The assessment of these costs is challenging because not all investigations involved in stillbirths are recorded within formal administrative systems because a stillborn baby is not formally recognised as a patient. The present population-based analysis of 697 stillbirths in Australia estimated that, on average, A$4200 was spent on investigations for each stillbirth, with key drivers being autopsies and cytogenetic screening. These costs are typical, with most cases having between five and eight of the core eight recommended investigations. What are the implications for practitioners?There are cost implications for stillbirth investigations, and this analysis gives a true account of current practice in Australia. Together with the high downstream economic costs of stillbirths, the cost burden of stillbirth investigations is high but ultimately avoidable when practitioners adhere to the core investigations, build knowledge around preventable risk factors and use this information to reduce the number of stillbirths.
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Gibbins, Karen J., Halit Pinar, Uma M. Reddy, George R. Saade, Robert L. Goldenberg, Donald J. Dudley, Carolyn Drews-Botsch, et al. "Findings in Stillbirths Associated with Placental Disease." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 07 (May 14, 2019): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688472.

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Objective Placental disease is a leading cause of stillbirth. Our purpose was to characterize stillbirths associated with placental disease. Study Design The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network conducted a prospective, case–control study of stillbirths and live births from 2006 to 2008. This analysis includes 512 stillbirths with cause of death assignment and a comparison group of live births. We compared exposures between women with stillbirth due to placental disease and those due to other causes as well as between women with term (≥ 37 weeks) stillbirth due to placental disease and term live births. Results A total of 121 (23.6%) out of 512 stillbirths had a probable or possible cause of death due to placental disease by Initial Causes of Fetal Death. Characteristics were similar between stillbirths due to placental disease and other stillbirths. When comparing term live births to stillbirths due to placental disease, women with non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, lack of insurance, or who were born outside of the United States had higher odds of stillbirth due to placental disease. Nulliparity and antenatal bleeding also increased risk of stillbirth due to placental disease. Conclusion Multiple discrete exposures were associated with stillbirth caused by placental disease. The relationship between these factors and utility of surveillance warrants further study.
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Kerby, Alan, Daniel Shingleton, Gauri Batra, Megan C. Sharps, Bernadette C. Baker, and Alexander E. P. Heazell. "Placental Morphology and Cellular Characteristics in Stillbirths in Women With Diabetes and Unexplained Stillbirths." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 145, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0524-oa.

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Context.— Women with diabetes have increased stillbirth risk. Although the underlying pathophysiological processes are poorly understood, stillbirth is frequently related to abnormal placental structure and function. Objective.— To investigate placental morphology and cellular characteristics in the placentas of women with diabetes who had stillbirths and stillbirths of unexplained cause. Design.— Placentas from women with uncomplicated live births, live births in women with diabetes, unexplained stillbirths, and stillbirths related to diabetes (n = 10/group) underwent clinical histopathologic assessment and were also investigated using immunohistochemical staining to quantify syncytial nuclear aggregates, proliferation, trophoblast area, vascularization, T cells, placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Results.— Ki67+ cells were decreased in unexplained stillbirths compared with live births in women with diabetes. Both stillbirth groups had increased cytokeratin 7+/nuclear area compared with controls. Blood vessels/villi were decreased in unexplained stillbirth compared with live births from women with diabetes. Compared with uncomplicated controls, CD163+ macrophages were increased in live births in women with diabetes and unexplained stillbirths, and further increased in stillbirths related to diabetes. There was no change in CD3+ T cells or syncytial nuclear aggregates. Receptor for advanced glycation end products–positive cells were decreased in both stillbirth groups compared with diabetes-related live births. Co-localization of receptor for advanced glycation end products in macrophages was increased in both stillbirth groups compared with live birth groups. Conclusions.— Stillbirths related to diabetes exhibit placental phenotypic differences compared with live births. Further investigation of these parameters may provide understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of stillbirth and aid the development of stillbirth prevention strategies.
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Parmar, Mehul T., Zalak V. Karena, and Kruti D. Shah. "One year observational study of stillbirths in a referral hospital of Saurashtra region." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195572.

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Background: Stillbirths constitute a major part of perinatal death, and India ranks first in absolute number of stillbirths. The causes of stillbirth differ in different parts of the world and are affected by fetomaternal factors and type of antenatal and intrapartum care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stillbirth rate as well as the aetiology and risk factors for stillbirths in our institute.Methods: All stillbirths delivered at or above 28 weeks of gestation or weighing more than 1000 gms in P. D. U. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot during study period of 1 year were enrolled in the study. The stillbirth rate of the institute was studied. Socio-demographic, maternal and fetal factors of stillbirth cases were analysed.Results: Stillbirth rate of our institute was 41.63 per 1000 births. 70% cases belonged to rural region and 48% cases were referred to our hospital from other institutes. Stillbirth was found more in multigravida women with 67.2% cases. 57.01% stillborn babies were males, 34.71% of stillborns had extremely low birth weight and were pre-term. 54.78% stillborns were macerated. In 24.8% cases, aetiology of stillbirth was unknown. Antepartum haemorrhage contributed 19% cases, asphyxia -16.8% cases and pre-eclampsia-12.1% cases of stillbirth in our study.Conclusions: Proper screening and antenatal and intrapartum supervision and timely referral to the tertiary care centre can play an important role in decreasing the rate of stillbirths.
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Buralli, Rafael Junqueira, Zilda Pereira da Silva, Gizelton Pereira Alencar, Gerusa Maria Figueiredo, Mara Sandra Hoshida, Expedito J. A. Luna, Luciana Duzolina Manfré Pastro, et al. "Assessing the risks for stillbirth in São Paulo, Brazil: protocol for a multidisciplinary case–control study – FetRisks." BMJ Open 14, no. 6 (June 2024): e079261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079261.

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Stillbirth is a fundamental component of childhood mortality, but its causes are still insufficiently understood. This study aims to explore stillbirth risk factors by using a multidisciplinary approach to stimulate public policies and protocols to prevent stillbirth, improve maternal care and support bereaved families.Methods and analysisIn this case–control study with stillbirths and live births in 14 public hospitals in São Paulo, mothers are interviewed at hospitals after delivery, and hospital records and prenatal care registries are reviewed. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples and placentas are collected to analyse angiogenesis and infection biomarkers, and the placenta’s anatomopathological exam. Air pollutant exposure is estimated through the participant’s residence and work addresses. Traditional and non-invasive autopsies by image-guided histopathology are conducted in a subset of stillbirths. Subsample mothers of cases are interviewed at home 2 months after delivery on how they were dealing with grief. Information contained in the official prenatal care registries of cases and controls is being compiled. Hospital managers are interviewed about the care offered to stillbirth mothers. Data analysis will identify the main risk factors for stillbirth, investigate their interrelations, and evaluate health services care and support for bereaved families. We hope this project will contribute to the understanding of stillbirth’s risk factors and related health services in Brazil, providing new knowledge about this central public health problem, contributing to the improvement of public policies and prenatal and puerperal care, helping to prevent stillbirths and improve the healthcare and support for bereaved families.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Municipal Health Secretary (process no 16509319.0.3012.5551) and of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (process no 16509319.0.0000.0068). Results will be communicated to the study participants, policy-makers and the scientific community.
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Lehtonen, Tanita, Tuomas Markkula, Pasi Soidinsalo, Saara Otonkoski, and Jukka Laine. "Causes of Stillbirth in Turku, Finland, 2001–2011." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 20, no. 1 (February 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526616686236.

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The objective of the study was to examine the causes of stillbirth in the district of Southwest Finland and to assess the importance of postmortem examination and the selection of a suitable classification system for classifying stillbirths. This study is a cohort study where the fetal autopsies were performed in the Department of Pathology at Turku University Hospital, Finland, 2001–2011. Stillbirths from singleton pregnancies at the gestational age of ≥ 24 + 0 weeks (if unknown, gestational weight ≥ 500 g) (n = 98) were selected. In addition, stillbirths from multiple gestations (n = 6) were also analyzed. The causes of stillbirths were classified according to the Relevant Condition at Death classification system. Maternal risk factors and the role of fetal gestational age and weight for the causes of stillbirth were assessed. The most common causes of singleton stillbirth were lethal congenital anomalies, placental insufficiencies, and constricting loops and knots of the umbilical cord. The cause of singleton stillbirth could be determined for 78% of the cases, leaving 22% unclassified. There were no significant differences in the causes of stillbirth by gestational age or weight. Smoking may increase the incidence of placental abruption ( P < 0.01). The most common causes of stillbirth in Turku, Finland, are consistent with findings from other high-income countries. With careful postmortem examination and ancillary studies, it is possible to find the cause of stillbirth for most of the cases. Even if the stillbirth is left unexplained, many other harmful conditions can be excluded thus benefiting both the parents and the health care unit.
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Tanner, Darren, Sushama Murthy, Juan M. Lavista Ferres, Jan-Marino Ramirez, and Edwin A. Mitchell. "Risk factors for late (28+ weeks’ gestation) stillbirth in the United States, 2014–2015." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): e0289405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289405.

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Background In the United States (US) late stillbirth (at 28 weeks or more of gestation) occurs in 3/1000 births. Aim We examined risk factors for late stillbirth with the specific goal of identifying modifiable factors that contribute substantially to stillbirth burden. Setting All singleton births in the US for 2014–2015. Methods We used a retrospective population-based design to assess the effects of multiple factors on the risk of late stillbirth in the US. Data were drawn from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention live birth and fetal death data files. Results There were 6,732,157 live and 18,334 stillbirths available for analysis (late stillbirth rate = 2.72/1000 births). The importance of sociodemographic determinants was shown by higher risks for Black and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander mothers compared with White mothers, mothers with low educational attainment, and older mothers. Among modifiable risk factors, delayed/absent prenatal care, diabetes, hypertension, and maternal smoking were associated with increased risk, though they accounted for only 3–6% of stillbirths each. Two factors accounted for the largest proportion of late stillbirths: high maternal body mass index (BMI; 15%) and infants who were small for gestational age (38%). Participation in the supplemental nutrition for women, infants and children program was associated with a 28% reduction in overall stillbirth burden. Conclusions This study provides population-based evidence for stillbirth risk in the US. A high proportion of late stillbirths was associated with high maternal BMI and small for gestational age, whereas participation in supplemental nutrition programs was associated with a large reduction in stillbirth burden. Addressing obesity and fetal growth restriction, as well as broadening participation in nutritional supplementation programs could reduce late stillbirths.
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Lethro, Pema, Kinga Jamphel, Vandana Joshi, Chandralal Mongar, Lobzang Tshering, and Tashi Tshomo. "Stillbirth rate in Bhutan: a retrospective facility-based study." Bhutan Health Journal 4, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.66.

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Introduction: Stillbirth is an important public health concern; yet there is no reliable stillbirth rate for Bhutan. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the stillbirth rate for Bhutan. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for live and stillbirths recorded in delivery registers of all 253 health facilities across the country for a period of one year commencing 1st January till 31st December 2015. Results: There were a total of 11,126 live births and 108 stillbirths documented in delivery registers. The stillbirth rate from this data set was 10 per 1000 live births. Conclusions: The stillbirth rate for Bhutan from this study is 10 per 1000 live births lower than 16 per 1000 live births estimated in Lancet Series 2015. In order to find the true burden of stillbirths in the country, a surveillance may be instituted which can facilitate the prevention efforts while at the same time enable to strengthen information system.
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Malango, A. E. "Pathological Study of Stillbirths Placentas at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S22—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.041.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Stillbirth is defined as fetal death that occurs at gestational age of ≥28 weeks. In our setting clinical assessment is the only method used to determine cause of stillbirths, with no reported proportion of unknown clinical diagnosis. Studies showed that unknown cause of stillbirths can be reduced by examination of placenta. Causal identification aids in the mourning process and identifying recurrence risks. The study aimed to describe pathological changes in the placentas of stillbirths which have risk to cause fetal death Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study done for the period of 6 months, it involved examination of 80 placentas of stillbirths born at gestational age of ≥ 28 weeks, placentas were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 8–12 hours. Grossing and interpretation of placenta pathology was according to Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement. Results Out of 80 stillbirths, 32(40%) had unknown clinical diagnosis. Majority of stillbirth placentas 71(91%) found with either one or combined pathologies with the risk to cause stillbirth. Maternal vascular malperfusion was the commonest pathology and was significantly associated with preterm stillbirths. Maternal floor infarction, a placenta pathology with risk to cause fetal death and high risk of recurrence was among the pathologies found, was seen in 4(5%) of stillbirth placentas. Conclusion Findings in this study clearly indicated the importance of pathological examination of placenta in determining cause of stillbirth. Placenta examination in stillbirths can identify more pathology related to stillbirths than clinical assessment alone.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stillbirth"

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Jones, Helen Crispus. "Understanding grief following stillbirth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606407.

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Stillbirth is a unique and complex bereavement for parents, with the potential to cause considerable psychological distress, and often characterised by feelings of worthlessness and isolation. Despite dramatic changes to the provision of care practices and interventions to support parents over recent decades, there is limited theoretical or clinical evidence to inform psychological understanding and interventions for grief and distress following stillbirth. A systematic review of quantitative studies aimed to explore the effect of interventions designed to reduce parental distress following stillbirth. Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Tentative support was found for providing mementoes of the baby and information regarding aetiology, support group attendance, and cognitive behavioural interventions for parents with clinical levels of distress. Contradictory findings for the impact of contact with the baby prevent clear conclusions regarding the effect of this practice. However, substantial methodological weaknesses were identified in the reviewed literature, and the current evidence base is not considered able to reliably inform care practices and intervention approaches, with further high quality research evidence needed. The second, empirical paper aimed to assess the application of the cognitive behavioural model of complicated grief to women bereaved by stillbirth. A cross-sectional survey design explored the predictive value of cognitive behavioural variables for explaining variance in grief, both independently and after controlling for demographic, obstetric and loss-related factors. Seventy-eight women bereaved by stillbirth within the preceding two years took part. Negative thoughts about the self, threatening interpretations of grief reactions and depressive avoidance strategies significantly predicted higher grief scores, accounting for 81 % of score variance and all remained significant predictors after controlling for relevant demographic, obstetric and loss-related variables. Findings support the application of the cognitive behavioural model of complicated grief to women bereaved by stillbirth.
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Friedlander, Anne. "Stillbirth : a psychosocial crisis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15835.

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Includes bibliography.
This study is an investigation of the psychosocial trauma of stillbirth and the implications of that trauma for case management. Stillbirth is considered a crisis for parents that calls for immediate intervention and constructive management. It strains family coping mechanisms and can overwhelm them if not properly handled. Additionally, a grief response follows a stillbirth which must be recognised, accepted, and treated therapeutically if needed. Parents' problems and needs have not been adequately met by medical, social or community services. There is also little recognition of the training needed by medical personnel in the management of stillbirths. Stillbirth is also a crisis for medical personnel as the delivery of a dead baby evokes feelings of confusion and stress for those dealing with the confinement and aftercare. By highlighting the psychological and emotional sequelae of stillbirths for parents, the needs of parents after the event, and the needs of personnel providing care, the writer intended to contribute to an improved understanding of the issues related to stillbirth and, ultimately, to more compassionate care for those who experience this unhappy event. Issues analyzed and recorded are as follows: The emotional and physical reactions of mothers following a stillbirth; the assistance that parents need in order to adjust constructively; the impact that the stillbirth has upon the family; the mothers' interpretation of their management in hospital; and the hospital and community services rendered and needed to assist with constructive adjustment. Study data was collected over a six month period. Subjects were selected from one hospital and were residents of the municipal areas of Cape Town. Two face-to-face interviews were conducted with each respondent using a semi-structured interview schedule. The first interview, which took place within a week of the mothers' discharge from hospital, gathered data on the reactions of the respondents to stillbirth, the impact of stillbirth on the family, and respondents' interpretation of their management in hospital. This interview was tape-recorded. The second interview followed the interview schedule and obtained information on the needs of families after a stillbirth. Data was coded on the interview schedules and statistical analysis was done by computer. The findings of this study agreed with previous ones, that mothers display typical grief reactions after a stillbirth. The stillbirth was experienced as a disappointment that caused significant distress for the majority of mothers. Management was found to be satisfactory with the exception of post-natal placement. The need for options in this area became evident. A lack of social and psychological services, both within the hospital and in the community, was found. Using knowledge gained from this study, a support organization for parents experiencing stillbirths has been organized with the writer's assistance. A breakdown in communication between the hospital and the local authority health nursing services, in terms of knowledge about the stillbirth, was apparent, and improvement in this area is needed. Recommended guidelines for management based on the research findings and literature review have been proposed. The role of the social worker, doctor and nursing sister have been outlined.
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Stacey, Tomasina. "Determinants of late stillbirth Auckland 2006-2009." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10327.

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Stillbirth is a devastating and too common outcome of pregnancy; globally there are approximately three million deaths after 28 weeks��� gestation every year. In New Zealand, as in other high income countries, more than 1 in 200 babies die before birth, and around 1 in 300 die in the last three months of pregnancy. During the mid twentieth century there was a dramatic decline in the rate of stillbirth, however this improvement has not been sustained in recent years. Previous studies have identified certain causes and risk factors for late stillbirth, but over a third of the deaths remain unexplained. The current variation in the rate of stillbirths both across and within high income countries suggests that it is possible to make further improvements in stillbirth rates. We hypothesised that there would be modifiable, but as yet unidentified risk factors for late stillbirth. The Auckland Stillbirth Study was the first case control study to select women with ongoing pregnancies as gestation matched controls. This study found that the disparity in rates of late stillbirth in women from different ethnicities in New Zealand could be attributed to associated factors such as high parity, high body mass index and social deprivation. Regular utilisation of antenatal care was found to be protective, and women who attended at least 50% of recommended antenatal visits had a lower risk of stillbirth compared to those who did not. Antenatal identification of sub-optimal fetal growth was found to be a possible aspect of the benefit of regular antenatal attendance. Maternal perception of fetal movements was also identified as an area of importance, with women who perceived their baby���s movements to decrease in the last two weeks of the pregnancy being at greater risk of experiencing a stillbirth. In addition this study found an association between maternal sleep practices and risk of late stillbirth. Most strikingly, the study found that women who went to sleep on their left side on the last night (prior to stillbirth/interview) were half as likely to experience a late stillbirth compared to women who went to sleep in any other position. This study has added a New Zealand perspective to the existing literature on certain known risk factors for late stillbirth (such as high body mass index). It has also identified novel factors that present new possibilities for further research and for the potential for future reductions in the incidence of late stillbirth.
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Campbell-Jackson, Louise. "Exploring the impact of stillbirth on mothers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589532.

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Stillbirth is a unique and complex bereavement comprising many losses. Research suggests that the experience of stillbirth may affect the wider family system, including couples relationships or may impact the attachment relationship to the baby born subsequently. Over the last 40 years the psychological impact of perinatal loss on women has been explored. However, less is known about the specific experience of stillbirth. It has been argued that psychological theories have not fully explored stillbirth as a unique loss independent from other losses. The systematic review aimed to explore the psychological impact of stillbirth on mothers. Twenty-six articles (qualitative and quantitative) were reviewed addressing the methodological limitations. Despite methodological limitations the findings suggest that the experience of stillbirth can result in high levels of psychological symptoms for mothers, up to 3 years post loss. The qualitative researched echoed the intense grief and long-lasting impact of stillbirth on women. Some risk factors were identified and social support appeared particularly beneficial for women post loss, however further research into risk and protective factors is needed. The empirical paper employed a qualitative methodology (IPA) to explore the lived experience of mothers of having a child subsequent to stillbirth. Five superordinate themes emerged "living with uncertainty"; "coping with uncertainty"; "relationship with the next child"; "the continuing grief process" and "identity of being a mother". The study highlighted challenges experienced by women during pregnancy that appeared to continue when the subsequent child is born, such as living with uncertainty about their child's wellbeing. For some mothers a process of acceptance of the uncertainty appeared to take place. Mothers' coping strategies and the impact of the experience on their identity was also explored. The findings provided insight into the on-going grieving process described by mothers and identified feelings of maternal guilt, which appeared to underlie many of the themes.
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Stephansson, Olof. "Epidemiological studies of stillbirth and early neonatal death /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-143-8.

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Devlin, Rosemary. "Miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death : a midwifes perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324953.

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Lean, Samantha. "Advanced maternal age : identifying mechanisms underlying vulnerability to stillbirth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advanced-maternal-age-identifying-mechanisms-underlying-vulnerability-to-stillbirth(c884a509-287f-4543-aad4-c8ff860d3715).html.

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Advanced maternal age (AMA) is defined as childbearing in mothers ≥35 years of age and is becoming increasingly prevalent in high income countries. AMA has been associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly stillbirth. Although AMA mothers have higher rates of chromosomal abnormalities and maternal co-morbidities, AMA remains an independent risk factor for stillbirth. Despite these findings, the etiology behind this increased risk is unknown. We hypothesise that an altered maternal environment, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation, due to ageing causes placental dysfunction which increases AMA mothers’ vulnerability to stillbirth. A holistic approach was applied to investigate placental dysfunction in AMA. Firstly, a systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively reviewed existing data on AMA and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Secondly, Manchester Advanced Maternal Age Study (MAMAS), a multi-centre prospective observational cohort study, was conducted to investigate risk factors for composite adverse pregnancy outcome (CAPO) in AMA. MAMAS utilised both uni- and multivariate analysis on demographic and clinical data, and measuring biomarkers of ageing and placental dysfunction by ELISA in maternal circulation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Utero-placental dysfunction was directly investigated in uncomplicated AMA pregnancies by quantifying placental morphology, placental nutrient transport capabilities and both placental and maternal uterine vascular responses. Finally, a C57BL/6J murine model of AMA was developed and characterised to further investigate maternal age on pregnancy outcome and the role of the placenta. In the meta-analysis, maternal age was linearly associated with increased risk of stillbirth and other adverse outcomes strongly associated with placental dysfunction (fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia and placental abruption). In MAMAS, smoking status and primiparity were predictive of CAPO. After adjustment, AMA mothers had an odd ratio of 2.05-3.43 of CAPO compared to 20-30 year old mothers. AMA mothers showed evidence of increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory bias. AMA mothers who suffered CAPO showed reduced placental endocrine capacity seen in placental dysfunction. Placentas from uneventful AMA pregnancies showed evidence of accelerated ageing and placental adaptation with increased nutrient transport, increased placental weight but reduced efficiency, and altered vascular function. AMA mice showed many similar aspects to human AMA with increased fetal loss, fetal growth restriction and increased placental size. These studies provide robust evidence for increased incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome due to placental dysfunction in pregnancies of women of AMA. This finding requires the appropriate recognition in a clinical context, with a greater focus on personalised obstetric care in an attempt to reduce stillbirth rates in this high risk population. By optimising antenatal and obstetric care for AMA mothers, we could reduce stillbirth rates by 4.7% - the population attributable risk due to AMA. These studies highlight key areas of future research that will further understanding into stillbirth risk in AMA pregnancy, test predictive models and test therapies and clinical care interventions an ultimately improve pregnancy outcome in mothers of AMA.
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Chang, Jeani. "Relationship Between Assisted Reproductive Technology and Risk of Stillbirth." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4508.

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Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is an infertility treatment used to assist women to become pregnant. Although the procedure is safe, there are gaps in understanding the association between treatment and adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., stillbirth) in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stillbirth delivery and ART. The 2 research questions addressed the association between methods of conception (ART versus non-ART) and the delivery of a stillbirth, and the association between multiple gestation pregnancy and risk of stillbirths. Retrospective cohort data from the States Monitoring ART collaborative were analyzed using Pearson's chi squared tests and log binominal regression models. Findings indicated that from 2006 to 2011, the average stillbirth rates were lower among ART-conceived pregnancies than non-ART conceived pregnancies. After controlling for confounding factors, ART-conceived pregnancies did not show increased risks of stillbirths compared to non-ART conceived pregnancies regardless of plurality. This lower risk of stillbirth was particularly significant during early pregnancies, before 28 weeks of gestation. Findings may be used to improve understanding of the use of ART treatment and its associated pregnancy outcomes. Findings may also be used to prevent stillbirths and to improve prenatal care, early stillbirth detection, and effective clinical management of fetal and maternal conditions during pregnancy.
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Huang, Ling. "Impact of advanced maternal age on the risk of stillbirth." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27373.

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Since more women are having pregnancies at an older age, there are growing concerns about their pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies reveal an uncertain relationship between maternal age and stillbirth risk. This retrospective cohort study aimed to test the hypothesis that stillbirth risk increases with increasing maternal age. We analyzed data on 3,549,993 births from the birth cohorts of 1985 to 2000 in Canada and used logistic regression to evaluate the relative risk of stillbirth. A total of 15,905 stillbirths were reported during the study period, giving an overall stillbirth rate of 4.5 per 1,000 births. Stillbirth risk was increased for mothers with advanced age after accounting for the confounders and effect modifiers. The older age effect on stillbirth risk was especially pronounced among nulliparous women. We suggest that careful prenatal surveillance and appropriate obstetrical advice and interventions be provided to women with advanced maternal age at their first delivery.
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Luo, Michael Felix. "Bayesian inference for calving ease and stillbirth in dairy cattle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43265.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Stillbirth"

1

Becker, M. J. Pathology of late fetal stillbirth. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989.

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Spong, Catherine Y., ed. Stillbirth: Prediction, Prevention and Management. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398038.

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E, Becker Anton, ed. Pathology of late fetal stillbirth. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989.

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Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service. Information Services Division., ed. Scottish stillbirth and neonatal death report. Edinburgh: Information and Statistics Division, Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service, 1989.

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Burke, Jennifer. Levi's gift. Dublin, Ireland: Ward River Press, 2014.

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Society, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death. After stillbirth and neonatal death: What happens next. London: The Society, 1986.

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Kelly, Ewan. Marking life and death: Co-constructing welcoming and funeral rituals for babies dying in utero or shortly after birth. Edinburgh: Contact Pastoral Trust, 2002.

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Tonkin, Lois. Still life: Hidden stories of stillbirth and forbidden grief. Christchurch, N.Z: Hazard Press, 1998.

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Ilse, Sherokee. Empty arms: Coping with miscarriage, stillbirth and infant death. Maple Plain, MN: Wintergreen Press, 1990.

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Ilse, Sherokee. Empty arms: Coping after miscarriage, stillbirth and infant death. Maple Plain, MN: Wintergreen Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stillbirth"

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Jones, Bryony. "Stillbirth." In Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 413–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211457.ch29.

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Tripp, Tally. "Stillbirth." In The International Handbook of Art Therapy in Palliative and Bereavement Care, 81–94. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315110530-10.

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Bamber, Andrew R., and Roger D. G. Malcomson. "Macerated Stillbirth." In Keeling’s Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 339–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19207-9_14.

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Keeling, Jean W. "Macerated stillbirth." In Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 167–77. London: Springer London, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3523-4_8.

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Moore, Isabella E. "Macerated Stillbirth." In Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 191–205. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3682-8_7.

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Moore, Isabella E. "Macerated Stillbirth." In Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 183–97. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3802-0_7.

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Bamber, Andrew R. "Macerated Stillbirth." In Keeling's Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 345–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84168-3_15.

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Moore, Isabella E. "Macerated Stillbirth." In Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, 224–39. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-743-5_10.

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Arnold, Kate C., and Caroline J. Flint. "Management of Stillbirth." In Obstetrics Essentials, 89–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57675-6_14.

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Charles, Cathy. "Stillbirth and neonatal death." In The Midwife's Labour and Birth Handbook, 385–405. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119235064.ch21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stillbirth"

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Matharage, S., O. Alahakoon, D. Alahakoon, S. Kapurubandara, R. Nayyar, M. Mukherji, U. Jagadish, S. Yim, and I. Alahakoon. "Analysing Stillbirth Data Using Dynamic Self Organizing Maps." In 2011 22nd International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2011.14.

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Khader, Yousef, Mohammad S. Alyahya, Anwar Batieha, and Adel Taweel. "JSANDS: A Stillbirth and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance System." In 2019 IEEE/ACS 16th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa47632.2019.9035335.

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Kramarenko, A., and S. Kramarenko. "The influence of breed boar on stillbirth of piglets in sows of the Ukrainian meat breed." In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-23.

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Axford, M. M., J. E. Pryce, M. Khansefid, and M. Haile-Mariam. "689. Stillbirth, dystocia and weaning rates in Australian dairy calves." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_689.

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Sari, Dewi Novita, Purhadi, Santi Puteri Rahayu, and Irhamah. "Bivariate zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression on modelling stillbirth and maternal death." In 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS: PURE, APPLIED AND COMPUTATION: Mathematics of Quantum Computing. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0115756.

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Martin, A. A. A., H. R. Oliveira, P. A. S. Fonseca, C. M. Rochus, F. Miglior, S. Id-Lahoucine, A. Cánovas, C. F. Baes, and F. S. Schenkel. "678. Genomic regions exhibiting transmission distortions and copy number variants associated with stillbirth in cattle." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_678.

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Lazareva, Anna, Ludmila Drozdova, Natalia Semenova, and Anna Barkova. "Morphological characteristics of a placenta of a goat when it is normal and at a stillbirth." In Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Digital agriculture - development strategy” (ISPC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispc-19.2019.93.

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Lou King, Mary, Amna Aden, Stephany Tapa Daya, Reem Jumah, and Salma Khan. "Evidence-based Stillbirth Prevention Strategies: Combining Empirical & Theoretical Paradigms To Inform Health Planning And Decision-making." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.hbpp1191.

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Hedstrom, Anna B., Esther Choo, Keshet Ronen, Brenda Wandika, Maneesh Batra, Dalton Wamalwa, Grace John-Stewart, John Kinuthia, and Jennifer Unger. "Risk Factors For Stillbirth And Neonatal Mortality Among Kenyan Women In Mobile Wach NEO, A Pilot Two-Way SMS Communication Program." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.252.

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Корсаков, Антон, Anton Korsakov, Дмитрий Лагерев, Dmitriy Lagerev, Леонид Пугач, Leonid Pugach, Владислав Трошин, et al. "The Application of Visual Analytics Methods to Analyze the Dynamics of Stillbirth in Radiation Contaminated Areas of the Bryansk Region after the Chernobyl Disaster (1986-2016)." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-86-91.

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The relevance of the research is due to the complexity of the stage of exploratory data analysis and hypotheses for further verification by methods of statistical and/or data mining. Objective: to apply methods of visual analysis and cognitive visualization for exploratory analysis and advance preliminary hypotheses in the process of analyzing the dynamics of stillbirth of boys and girls in all areas of the Bryansk region with different density of radioactive contamination by long-lived radionuclides Cesium-137 (137Cs) and Strontium-90 ( 90Sr), on the basis of official statistics for the long-term period (1986-2016). Research methods: visual analytics and cognitive visualization, mathematical statistics: Shapiro-Wilk test, Student t-test, homoscedasticity test, linear regression. Research results: the research results confirm the feasibility of using methods of visual analytics and cognitive visualization for exploratory analysis and advancement of preliminary hypotheses. The use of cognitive visualization in the process of exploratory data analysis allows the researcher to better understand the main trends and patterns in the analyzed data. This makes it possible to reduce the time required to form hypotheses by two to three times and to improve the quality of the hypotheses put forward.
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Reports on the topic "Stillbirth"

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Brännström, Mats, Ylva Carlsson, and Henrik Hagberg. Obstetric outcome after uterus transplantation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0052.

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Review question / Objective: Is delivery by elective cesarean section as safe for the mother and the neonate after uterus transplantation as after delivery by elective cesarean section for reasons such as breech and psychological indication regarding stillbirth/neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, maternal mortality, and morbidity? Rationale: To compare pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal complications at delivery by cesarean section in patients that have undergone uterus transplantation and in a normal groups of women.
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Miller, Sebastian, and J. Cristobal Ruiz-Tagle. Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on the Probability of Stillbirth Delivery: Evidence from Central Chile - See more at: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/9064#sthash.rv8AHF9i.dpuf. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001273.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. Do skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care reduce stillbirths? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1703114.

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Some 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide every year, and almost all of these are in low and middle income countries. A significant proportion of these stillbirths take place at home, usually in the absence of a skilled birth attendant someone with the skills needed to manage normal uncomplicated pregnancies and childbirth.
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Voland, Eckart, and Jan Beise. "The husband’s mother is the devil in house" - Data on the impact of the mother-in-law on stillbirth mortality in historical Krummhörn (C18-C19 Germany) and some thoughts on the evolution of postgenerative female life. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2004-005.

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Celhay, Pablo, Julia Johannsen, Sebastian Martinez, and Cecilia Vidal. Paying Patients for Prenatal Care: The Effect of a Small Cash Transfer on Stillbirths and Survival. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000887.

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A care package to increase awareness of fetal movements does not reduce risk of stillbirth. National Institute for Health Research, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000720.

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Focusing on Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy: Second Edition. Sight and Life, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.52439/uznq4230.

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Despite marked progress in improving nutrition and health globally, micronutrient deficiencies remain prevalent in low and middle income countries (LMIC), especially among pregnant women with far-reaching consequences for mother and baby including preterm birth, stillbirth or neonatal death, impaired fetal growth. Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) taken during pregnancy provide 15 vitamins and minerals to fill the dietary gaps often present in LMIC and the increased nutrient needs of pregnancy. Crucially, MMS provide benefits far beyond those of traditional iron and folic acid supplements (IFA) – prompting the World Health Organization to add the UNIMMAP (United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation) MMS formulation to its Essential Medicines List (EML) in 2021. The Sight and Life Special Report, Focusing on Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy: Second Edition puts forth a compelling case that maintaining the status quo of IFA supplementation is no longer possible when so many stand to benefit from MMS, and demonstrates the benefits and process of switching to MMS. The report compiles the latest evidence, country case studies, and resources in a single place to support implementers and country governments in introducing and scaling-up MMS.
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