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Journal articles on the topic 'Stigmatic surfaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Carmo-Oliveira, Renata, and Berta Lange de Morretes. "Stigmatic surface in the Vochysiaceae: reproductive and taxonomic implications." Acta Botanica Brasilica 23, no. 3 (2009): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062009000300018.

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The Vochysiaceae are Neotropical trees and shrubs, common in the savanna areas in Central Brazil (Cerrados). The family has been traditionally divided into two tribes: Erismeae, with three genera, and Vochysieae, with five genera. We investigated the stigmatic surface of six Vochysiaceae species, belonging to four genera of Vochysieae: Vochysia, Salvertia, Callisthene and Qualea. Flowers and buds at different developmental stages were collected. Morphological features were observed on fresh material and stigmatic receptivity was inferred based on esterasic activity. Pistils were fixed and embe

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Wetzstein, Hazel Y., and S. Edward Law. "Enhanced Visualization of the Fine Structure of the Stigmatic Surface of Citrus using Pre-fixation Washes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 5 (2012): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.5.290.

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Stigma characteristics and morphology can be useful in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, indicate relationships in stigma function and receptivity, and be valuable in evaluating pollen–stigma interactions. Problematic is that in some taxa, copious stigmatic exudate can obscure the fine structural details of the stigmatic surface. Such is the case for Citrus, which has a wet stigma type on which abundant exudate inundates surface papillae. The components of stigmatic surface compounds are highly heterogeneous and include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, and phenolic compounds.

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Courtial, Johannes, Stephen Oxburgh, and Tomáš Tyc. "Direct stigmatic imaging with curved surfaces." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 32, no. 3 (2015): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.32.000478.

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4

Wetzstein, Hazel Y., and Darrell Sparks. "Stigma-Pollen Interactions in Pecan." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 2 (1989): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.2.355.

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Abstract Early pollen-stigma responses were observed microscopically in controlled pollinations of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh) C. Koch]. Receptive stigmatic surfaces have rounded, basally attached projecting papillae with an irregularly patterned, noncopious exudate. Polarly flattened pollen, characteristic of grains at anthesis, becomes rounded and hydrated by 1 hr after pollination. Pollen tube emergence is visible within 3 hr of pollination, and extensive pollen tube growth on the stigma is apparent after 8 to 12 hr. Tube growth generally occurs along the stigmatic surface and betwee

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Cui, Zhouqi, Regan B. Huntley, Neil P. Schultes, Kaleem U. Kakar, Ching-Hong Yang, and Quan Zeng. "Expression of the Type III Secretion System Genes in Epiphytic Erwinia amylovora Cells on Apple Stigmas Benefits Endophytic Infection at the Hypanthium." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 34, no. 10 (2021): 1119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-21-0152-r.

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Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on rosaceous plants. One of the major entry points of E. amylovora into hosts is flowers, where E. amylovora proliferates epiphytically on stigmatic and hypanthium surfaces and, subsequently, causes endophytic infection at the hypanthium. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor in E. amylovora. Although the role of T3SS during endophytic infection is well characterized, its expression during epiphytic colonization and role in the subsequent infection is less understood. Here, we investigated T3SS gene expression in epiphytic E.

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Zietsman, P. C. "Reproductive biology of Stomatium bolusiae (Aizoaceae: Ruschioideae)." Bothalia 43, no. 1 (2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v43i1.83.

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Flowers of Stomatium bolusiae are self-incompatible. The species exhibits crepuscular and nocturnal anthesis, exploiting two different pollination mechanisms. The structure of the hermaphroditic flower appears not to favour cross-pollination. The stigmata are never exposed to pollinating agents, which gain access to the floral rewards by forcing their way between the anthers. Clogging of the stigmatic surfaces by self-pollen is common. Nocturnal anthesis, concomitant with the nocturnal release of attractants and the offering of rewards, indicates that this species is primarily phalaenophilous

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Silva-Lora, Alberto, and Rafael Torres. "Explicit Cartesian oval as a superconic surface for stigmatic imaging optical systems with real or virtual source or image." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2235 (2020): 20190894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0894.

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Cartesian ovals, also known as rigorously stigmatic surfaces, are the simplest optical systems capable of producing a perfect point image. Exist both implicit and explicit expressions to represent these surfaces, but they treat both refractive and reflective surfaces independently. Because of the complexity of explicit expressions, the ray-tracing techniques for these surfaces are implemented using third-party software. In this paper, we express Cartesian ovals as a degenerated superconic curve and get a new explicit formulation for Cartesian ovals capable of treating image formation using bot

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PANDA, SAURIS, and J. J. F. E. DE WILDE. "Diversity and taxonomic value of stigmatic surfaces in Begoniaceae: SEM analysis." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44, no. 2 (1995): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00776.x.

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9

Doskolovich, L. L., D. A. Bykov, G. I. Greisukh, and Y. S. Strelkov. "Design of a stigmatic lens with minimal Fresnel losses." Computer Optics 45, no. 3 (2021): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-813.

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A method for designing double aspheric lenses enabling minimal Fresnel losses in the class of stigmatic lenses is considered. Minimization of the Fresnel losses is provided by ensuring equal ray-deviation angles on both aspheric surfaces of the lens. The design of the lens is reduced to the integration of an explicit ordinary differential equation. Simple analytical approximations for the lens profiles are also presented.

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10

Wood, Bruce W. "Flavonoids, Alkali Earth, and Rare Earth Elements Affect Pecan Pollen Germination." HortScience 52, no. 1 (2017): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11426-16.

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The factors regulating pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] pollen grain germination are poorly understood for both in vitro pollen viability tests and on receptive stigmatic surfaces of pistillate flowers. Potential regulating factors include flavonols, calcium (Ca), Ca-like alkali earth elements (AEEs), and rare earth elements (REEs). When various concentrations of certain naturally occurring simple flavonols (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and hesperetin) were tested in vitro by adding to standard pecan pollen germination medium, hesperetin, myricetin, and kae

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Bellver-Cebreros, C., E. Gomez-Gonzalez, and M. Rodriguez-Danta. "Obtention of meridian caustics and catacaustics by means of stigmatic approximating surfaces." Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A 3, no. 1 (1994): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/3/1/002.

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12

Ito, Shuto, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Attachment-based mechanisms underlying capture and release of pollen grains." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 157 (2019): 20190269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0269.

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Successful insect pollination can be achieved by a sequence of numerous attachment and detachment events at various biological surfaces. However, the quantitative measurements of pollen adhesion on biological surfaces have been poorly studied so far. We performed atomic force microscopy adhesion measurements of pollen on two most important floral parts for Asteraceae in a course of pollination: the stigma and style of Hypochaeris radicata plant . The results indicated distinct adhesive properties of them—the pollen adhesion on stigmatic surfaces drastically increased over prolonged contact tim

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Wetzstein, Hazel Y. "Stigmatic Surface Degeneration and Inhibition of Pollen Germination with Selected Pesticidal Sprays during Receptivity in Pecan." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 4 (1990): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.4.656.

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Commercial pesticide formulations of triphenyltin hydroxide, benomyl plus triphenyltin hydroxide, and phosalone completely inhibited pollen germination of pecan [Carya illinoensis Wangenh C. Koch] when incorporated in in vitro germination media at one-fourth to one times the recommended rates. Scanning electron microscopic evaluations of spray effects on receptive stigmatic surfaces showed varying degrees of injury, ranging from minor surface wrinkling with triphenyltin hydroxide to severe collapse and degeneration of stigma papillae with phosalone treatments. Controlled pollinations 1 hour af

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Ioanoviciu, D., C. Cuna, A. Pamula, CI Fatu, and D. Vonica. "Partial pressure gauge proposal based on a stigmatic double focusing mass spectrometer design." Vacuum 43, no. 5-7 (1992): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(92)90077-a.

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Schueler, Bruno, and Robert W. Odom. "Applications of Time-OF-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (1990): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135149.

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Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) provides unique capabilities for elemental and molecular compositional analysis of a wide variety of surfaces. This relatively new technique is finding increasing applications in analyses concerned with determining the chemical composition of various polymer surfaces, identifying the composition of organic and inorganic residues on surfaces and the localization of molecular or structurally significant secondary ions signals from biological tissues. TOF-SIMS analyses are typically performed under low primary ion dose (static SIMS) condit

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Sakamoto, Naoya, Shoichi Itoh, and Hisayoshi Yurimoto. "Discovery of 17,18O-rich material from meteorite by direct-imaging method using stigmatic-SIMS and 2D ion detector." Applied Surface Science 255, no. 4 (2008): 1458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.052.

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Law, S. Edward, and Harald Scherm. "Electrostatic application of a plant-disease biocontrol agent for prevention of fungal infection through the stigmatic surfaces of blueberry flowers." Journal of Electrostatics 63, no. 5 (2005): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2004.11.008.

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18

Anderson, Jay F., Hema S. N. Duddu, Steven J. Shirtliffe, and Arthur R. Davis. "Structure of floral nectaries and comparison of reproductive and vestigial organs in the staminate and pistillate flowers of dioecious Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae)." Botany 97, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0120.

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Silene latifolia Poiret of Eurasia has established in North America, prompting this structural study of its mature unisexual buds and flowers. Floral nectaries, anther and stigma changes, and vestigial reproductive structures were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. In staminate flowers, anthers dehisced before anthesis and >90% of their pollen was liberated within 36 h. Accumulated in the tubular calyx, nectar descended an anthophore from the stomatal-bearing nectary at the stamen bases. Nectary tissue surrounded the pistillode, a central filamentous organ lacking ovules

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19

Olsen, J. L., S. A. Mehlenbacher, and A. N. Azarenko. "Hazelnut Pollination." HortTechnology 10, no. 1 (2000): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.1.113.

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Hazelnuts, (Corylus avellana L.), are wind-pollinated, monoecious, mostly dichogamous, and self-incompatible. About 90% of the cultivars studied are protandrous. Anthesis of the pistillate flower is temperature-dependent and occurs December through February, peaking in January. Stigmatic surfaces may remain receptive for up to 3 months. Four to 5 months separate pollination and fertilization of the ovule; the latter usually occurring between mid-May and the end of June in Oregon. A 10% pollinizer density has been the standard, with a recommended distance of 66 ft (20 m) or less between the mai

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20

Correia, Maria Célia Rodrigues, Maria Célia B. Pinheiro, and Heloísa Alves de Lima. "Biologia floral e polinização de Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Bur. & K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae)." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 7, no. 1 (2006): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.22183.

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The present work deals with the floral biology, reproductive system and phenological events of Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Bur. & K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae), in the coastal strand vegetation (restinga) of Maricá RJ., between 1997 and 2000. The flowers display daytime anthesis, are yellow, very attractive, tubulous, hermaphrodite, odoriferous and produce nectar as the floral reward. The nectar is secreted by a nectariferous disk and accumulated in a chamber. The stigmas are bifid, wet and papillous. The stigmatic lobes are receptive to pollen only on the inner surfaces and are sensitive to dist

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Stockwell, V. O., R. J. McLaughlin, M. D. Henkels, J. E. Loper, D. Sugar, and R. G. Roberts. "Epiphytic Colonization of Pear Stigmas and Hypanthia by Bacteria During Primary Bloom." Phytopathology® 89, no. 12 (1999): 1162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.12.1162.

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Pear blossoms were sampled during various stages of bloom in 1991 and 1992 from orchards at Cashmere, WA, and Corvallis and Medford, OR, for epiphytic populations of culturable bacteria. On stigmatic surfaces, bacteria were isolated from 2 to 32% of blossoms prior to petal expansion and from 47 to 94% of blossoms by petal fall. In general, a lower percentage of hypanthia than stigmas supported bacterial populations. Randomly selected bacteria isolated at population levels of ≥104 CFU/tissue were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Diverse genera of gram-negative and -positive bacte

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MONNÉ, MIGUEL A., ANTONIO SANTOS-SILVA, and MARCELA L. MONNÉ. "Key to Mexican and Central American genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) with erect setae on elytral surface, excluding the Caribbean Islands." Zootaxa 4885, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4885.1.1.

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A key for identification of the 34 genera of Acanthocinini with erect setae on the elytra occurring in Mexico and Central America (excluding the Caribbean Islands) is provided. Leptrichillus Gilmour, 1960 is synonymized with Lepturgotrichona Gilmour, 1957, and Leptrichillus minutus Gilmour, 1960 is synonymized with Lepturges stigmaticus Bates, 1881 (currently, Lepturgotrichona stigmatica).

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23

Cady, S. W., and H. C. Wien. "302 POLLINATION AND FRUITSET PATTERNS OF FIELD-GROWN PUMPKINS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 473e—473. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.473e.

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Investigations of varietal differences in pumpkin flowering and fruitset patterns were initiated in response to reports of poor fruitset by NYS growers. In addition, pollination requirements for marketable fruit were explored in one cultivar. Flowering date, fruitset, and fruit characteristics were recorded for 2 consecutive years in a RCBD of six popular Cucurbita pepo cultivars (Wizard, Happy Jack, Autumn Gold, Ghost Rider, Howden and Baby Bear). On average, female blossoms opened 38 days after 3-wk-old seedlings were transplanted into the field. Flowering period lasted for 3 to 4 weeks. No

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Olsen, J. L., S. A. Mehlenbacher, and A. N. Azarenko. "Hazelnut Pollination." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 555d—555. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.555d.

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Hazelnuts are wind-pollinated, monoecious, mostly dichogamous, and self-incompatible of the sporophytic type. About 90% of the cultivars studied are protandrous. Anthesis of the pistillate flower is temperature-dependent and occurs from December through February, with its peak in January. Stigmatic surfaces may remain receptive for up to 3 months. Four to 5 months separate pollination and fertilization of the ovule, which usually occurs between mid-May and the end of June in Oregon. A 10% pollinizer density has been the standard, with a recommended distance of <20 m between the main cultiva

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Pusey, P. Lawrence, Virginia O. Stockwell, and Mark Mazzola. "Epiphytic Bacteria and Yeasts on Apple Blossoms and Their Potential as Antagonists of Erwinia amylovora." Phytopathology® 99, no. 5 (2009): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-5-0571.

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Apple blossoms were sampled for indigenous epiphytic populations of culturable microorganisms during different stages of bloom at two locations in central Washington State and one site in Corvallis, OR. Frequencies and population sizes of bacteria on stigmas of apple were lower in Washington than at Corvallis, where average relative humidity was higher and possibly favored greater colonization; however, bacteria at Corvallis were mainly pseudomonads, whereas those in Washington were diverse, composed of several genera. In Washington, yeast as well as bacteria were isolated from both stigmatic

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Wood, Bruce W. "Idiosyncrasies of Pecan Pollination." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 555e—556. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.555e.

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Pecan orchard productivity and yields often suffer due to pollination problems despite copious pollen produced within or near orchards. The problem is most acute in large block-type orchards of one or two varieties and can be due to pollen not being present at time of stigma receptivity or due to selfing. Fruit-set problems do not appear to be due to excessive pollen on stigmatic surfaces, as is the case in walnut. Pistillate flowers set best when pollen is received within about 1 day after becoming receptive. While stigma receptivity appears to lasts several days, pistillate flowers usually f

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Parrie, E. James, and Gregory A. Lang. "Self- and Cross-pollination Affect Stigmatic Pollen Saturation in Blueberry." HortScience 27, no. 10 (1992): 1105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1105.

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Pollen deposition on the stigmatic surface of blueberry pistils was studied with regard to maximum pollen load and stigmatic fluid production (stigma receptivity). Three hybrid southern highbush cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L. with V. darrowi Camp, V. ashei Reade, and/or V. angustfolium Aiton), two northern highbush cultivars (V. corymbosum), and one hybrid half-high cultivar (V. corymbosum with V. angustifolium) were selfand cross-pollinated with counted pollen tetrads until saturation of the stigmatic surface occurred. Stigmatic saturation generally required 200 to 300 tetrads and was cha

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Park, Su-Hyoung, Ki-Taek Kim, Sun-Hyoung Lim, et al. "Classification and Identification of S-haplotypes Using PCR-RFLP and Measuring the Self-incompatibility Activity in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1113C—1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1113c.

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Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae vegetables prevents self-pollination by recognizing self-pollens and rejecting them at the stigmatic surfaces. The S-haplotypes of 47 hybrid radish cultivars that are commercially available in Korea were classified and identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Twelve kinds of S-haplotypes were identified from the cultivars: S1, S8, S11, S17, S18, S30, and S31 haplotypes in class-I S-haplotype and S4, S5, S13, S21, and S26 haplotypes in class-II S-haplotypes. Even though the class-II S-haplotypes

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Marcellán, O. N., and E. L. Camadro. "Self- and cross-incompatibility in Asparagus officinalis and Asparagus densiflorus cv. Sprengeri." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (1996): 1621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-196.

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Garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L. (off), is dioecious and reproductively isolated from a related ornamental, monoecious Asparagus densifiorus (Kunth) Jessop cv. Sprengeri (spr). Since the latter is a potentially valuable source of germplasm, a study was initiated to identify hybridization barriers. Intra- and inter-specific crosses were made using 32 plants of two commercial cultivars of off and 17 plants of three introductions of spr. Part of the pollinated pistils were fixed and examined via fluorescence microscopy. In some combinations of genotypes, incompatibility reactions were d

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Teixeira, Simone de Pádua, Liana Carneiro Capucho, and Sílvia Rodrigues Machado. "Two novel reports of semidry stigmatic surface in Asteraceae." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 206, no. 4 (2011): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.08.001.

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Silvério, Adriano, and Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath. "The formation of the stigmatic surface in Passiflora elegans (Passifloraceae)." Rodriguésia 61, no. 3 (2010): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201061316.

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Abstract The stigma surface is a complex multicellular structure where the development of the pollen tube begins. This development is necessary for sucess in fertilization and depends on recognition processes that involve the anatomy of the stigma. Passiflora is an economically important genus because of its edible fruits. Many authors have described the stigma of Passiflora but nothing is known about the ontogenesis of this structure. This work aimed to describe the formation of the stigmatic surface of Passiflora elegans. Results showed that, in bud, the stigmatic surface of this species is

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Hampson, Cheryl R., Anita Nina Azarenko, and Al Soeldner. "Pollen-Stigma Interactions following Compatible and Incompatible Pollinations in Hazelnut." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (1993): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.814.

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Scanning electron microscopy was used to describe pollen-stigma interactions during compatible and incompatible pollinations of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), a species possessing sporophytic self-incompatibility. The stigmatic surface is of the dry type and was covered with elongated, rounded papillae. Compatible and incompatible pollen hydrated within 2 hours of pollination. Compatible pollen tubes emerged by 4 hours and grew into the style by 12 hours after pollination. Penetration of stigmatic papillae appeared to be intracellular in some cases. In incompatible pollinations, however, poll

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Ladd, P. G., I. Nanni, and G. J. Thomson. "Unique Stigmatic Structure in Three Genera of Proteaceae." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 4 (1998): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97038.

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In three closely related genera of the Proteaceae, namely, Lomatia R.Br., Stenocarpus R.Br. and Strangea Meisn. the pollen presenter and stigma at anthesis are covered by specialised cells. The cells are spiral-walled, contain polyphenolic material and are produced from the stigma, and in Lomatia from the pollen presenter. The spiral wall-thickenings are formed on the inside of the primary wall late in the development of the cells when they are budded off from the stigma or presenter surface. Pollen from the anthers is placed onto these cells from where it is taken to other flowers for cross-p

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Rozier, Frédérique, Lucie Riglet, Chie Kodera, et al. "Live-cell imaging of early events following pollen perception in self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 9 (2020): 2513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa008.

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Abstract Early events occurring at the surface of the female organ are critical for plant reproduction, especially in species with a dry stigma. After landing on the stigmatic papilla cells, the pollen hydrates and germinates a tube, which penetrates the cell wall and grows towards the ovules to convey the male gametes to the embryo sac. In self-incompatible species within the Brassicaceae, these processes are blocked when the stigma encounters an incompatible pollen. Based on the generation of self-incompatible Arabidopsis lines and by setting up a live imaging system, we showed that control

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Giordano, Luiz Carlos da Silva, and Claudia Petean Bove. "Taxonomic considerations and amended description of Humiriastrum spiritu-sancti, Humiriaceae." Rodriguésia 59, no. 1 (2008): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200859109.

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ABSTRACT An amended description of Humiriastrum spiritu-sancti is presented, highlighting characters of the ovary, style, stigmatic surface, intrastaminal disk and fruit, alongside with the analysis of the pollen morphology. The species is illustrated and several new records increase the extent of its distribution.

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Salomón, Luciana, Marcelo Paulo Hernández, Daniel Alejandro Giugliano, and Susana Edith Freire. "Floral Microcharacters in South American species of Senecio s.str. (Asteraceae) with considerations on the circumscription of this genus." Phytotaxa 244, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.1.1.

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Senecio L. s.str. is the largest genus in the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and it has been commonly characterized by its truncate, penicillate stylar tips, separated stigmatic lines, and stamens usually with ecaudate anther bases and balusterform filament collar. A micromorphological study was carried out to determine if South American species of Senecio s.str. present these diagnostic micromorphological characters, as a contribution towards a circumscription of this genus supported by morphology. The study included 72 South American Senecio species from eight sections and 16 series, as well

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Wien, H. Chris, and Dale Riggs. "Pollination and Fruit Set of Pumpkins in Growers' Fields in New York's Capital District." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 462D—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.462d.

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Reports of sharply reduced feral bee populations (Apis mellifera) due to harsh winters and prevalence of several bee diseases have raised concerns that pollination and fruit set in pumpkin fields will be adversely affected. In 1995 and 1996, five and eight pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fields, respectively, were inventoried on three occasions per season for pollinator activity and percent fruit set. Pollen removal from male flowers was determined visually using a rating scale, while deposition of pollen on stigmata of female flowers was judged by rating fluorescence of pollen on the stigmatic surfa

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YI, W. "Fungicide Sprays Can Injure the Stigmatic Surface During Receptivity in Almond Flowers." Annals of Botany 91, no. 3 (2002): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg019.

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Shimizu-Yumoto, Hiroko, and Kazuo Ichimura. "Senescence of Eustoma Flowers as Affected by Pollinated Area of the Stigmatic Surface." Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 75, no. 1 (2006): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.75.66.

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Luu, D. T., P. Heizmann, C. Dumas, M. Trick, and M. Cappadocia. "Involvement of SLR1 genes in pollen adhesion to the stigmatic surface in Brassicaceae." Sexual Plant Reproduction 10, no. 4 (1997): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050091.

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Winsor, James A., and Andrew G. Stephenson. "Demographics of pollen tube growth in Cucurbita pepo." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 4 (1995): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-061.

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Pollen tube growth rates and pollen tube attrition were examined in Cucurbita pepo plants grown in an experimental garden. Two separate studies were performed utilizing controlled hand-pollinations. First, female flowers were hand-pollinated and collected at intervals over a 22-h period. Examination of stained pollen tubes in these pistils under reflected UV light revealed variation in growth rate: after approximately 7 h, the fastest growing pollen tubes grew at nearly twice the rate of the mass of the pollen tubes. The faster growing tubes reached the top of the ovary well ahead of most of t

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Leitão, Carlos André E., and Angelo L. Cortelazzo. "Structure and histochemistry of the stigmatic and transmitting tissues of Rodriguezia venusta (Orchidaceae) during flower development." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 3 (2010): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09178.

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Stigma and transmitting tissue are floral structures essential for sexual reproduction of angiosperms and can be useful features in taxonomic studies. Rodriguezia venusta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. is an epiphytic orchid belonging to the large subfamily Epidendroideae. The present study describes the structure and histochemistry of the stigmatic and transmitting tissues of R. venusta during flower development. The differentiation and the secretory activity of the stigmatic and transmitting tissues are already visible in the initial stages of development of the flower bud studied. These tissues, which h

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Pansarin, Ludmila Mickeliunas, Emerson Ricardo Pansarin, and Marlies Sazima. "Facultative autogamy in Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae) through a rain-assisted pollination mechanism." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 4 (2008): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07135.

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Cyrtopodium includes ~42 species, among which is Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) Pabst ex F. Barros that occurs in a rainforest in south-eastern Brazil. Its non-rewarding flowers, which attract Centridini bees by deceit, are rain-assisted self-pollinated, a phenomenon rarely found in orchids and other plant families. In addition, self-pollination has never been reported in Cyrtopodiinae and data on the pollination of South American orchids are scarce. Flowers were observed at different times of the day, on both sunny and rainy days, to record floral morphology, visitors and the effects of rain

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Buszard, Deborah, and W. W. Schwabe. "Effect of Previous Crop Load on Stigmatic Morphology of Apple Flowers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 4 (1995): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.4.566.

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`Cox's Orange Pippin' apple (Pyrus domestics Berth.) trees, which were previously heavily cropped compared to previously defruited trees, had smaller flowers, lower initial fruit set, and a shorter effective pollination period (EPP) than defruited trees. The morphology of apple flower styles and stigmas was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Virgin stigmas from previously unstressed trees had fully expanded papillae, but 7 days after pollination the papillae were collapsed and distinct pollen tubes penetrated the stigmatic surface. Virgin stigmas from flowers of previ

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Kowalkowska, Agnieszka K., and Hanna B. Margońska. "Notes on the self-pollination in Dendrobium biflorum (Orchidales, Dendrobiinae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 81, no. 3 (2012): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.024.

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The conditions favouring self-pollination are determined for a species of <em>Dendrobium </em>Sw. A survey of gynostemium micromorphology in collected flowers of <em>Dendrobium biflorum </em>revealed two stages of a unique form of autogamy: on germination of pollen tetrads, pollen tubes reached the stigmatic region without the pollen being displaced from the anther locules. This is the first time for this type of autogamy to be reported in <em>Dendrobium biflorum</em>. Pollen grains germinated directly from the locules, bypassing the stigma or falling or sl

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Zuberi, M. I., and H. G. Dickinson. "Pollen-stigma interaction in Brassica. III. Hydration of the pollen grains." Journal of Cell Science 76, no. 1 (1985): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.76.1.321.

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A method is described by which the changes in shape that accompany hydration of Brassica pollen grains may be rapidly measured. Using this technique it has proved possible to chart the small amount of hydration that takes place on anthesis, in addition to the response of pollen to a range of relative humidities in vitro and in vivo. Such measurements, together with pollen transfer experiments, indicate that under normal field conditions self-pollen undergoes a brief period of hydration followed by some loss of water and that, in the course of this hydration, many pollen grains are inhibited fr

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Ayres, T. R. "Thermal bifurcation as a driver of stellar surface inhomogeneities It's Probably Not Too Important, But Read On!" Symposium - International Astronomical Union 176 (1996): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900083388.

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Cool gas in the heart of the hot solar chromosphere betrays itself through anomalously strong absorptions of 4.7 μm CO lines at the extreme limb, and off-limb emissions. The origin of the “cool clouds” is thought to be a thermal instability driven by the CO itself. Questions concerning the pervasiveness and detailed structure of the “thermally-bifurcated” zones are being addressed through stigmatic spectroscopy of the solar CO bands with the NSO McMath-Pierce telescope. Here, I report recent progress, and implications for surface thermal inhomogeneities on other stars.

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Kon, Thomas M., Melanie A. Schupp, Hans E. Winzeler, and James R. Schupp. "Screening Thermal Shock as an Apple Blossom Thinning Method. I. Stigmatic Receptivity, Pollen Tube Growth, and Leaf Injury in Response to Temperature and Timing of Thermal Shock." HortScience 55, no. 5 (2020): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14615-19.

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The use of short-duration applications of thermal energy (thermal shock; TS) as an apple blossom thinning strategy was investigated. Effects of TS temperature and timing on stigmatic receptivity, pollen tube growth in vivo, and visible leaf injury were evaluated in multiple experiments on ‘Crimson Gala’. TS treatments were applied to blossoms and spur leaves using a variable temperature heat gun. TS temperatures ≥86 °C had a strong inhibitory effect on pollen tube growth on the stigmatic surface and in the style. TS temperatures >79 °C reduced average pollen tube length to less than the ave

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Jusaitis, Manfred. "Floral Development and Breeding System of Swainsona formosa (Leguminosae)." HortScience 29, no. 2 (1994): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.2.117.

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Flowers of Swainsona formosa (G. Don) J. Thompson (syn. Clianthus formosus) developed through seven floral stages from buds to open flowers in 17 days. Floral stages were correlated with the sigmoidal growth pattern of the peduncle. Self-pollination was prevented in the species by the presence of a stigmatic cuticle that precluded pollen germination until ruptured, exposing the receptive surface below. Cuticular rupture occurred in nature during bird-pollination and was emulated manually by lightly rubbing a pollen-covered finger across the stigma. The species was self-compatible, and to ensur

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Miyajima, Daiichiro. "Pollination and Seed Production in Viola." HortScience 41, no. 3 (2006): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.633.

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The seed producing system in viola (Viola ×cornuta) was investigated to improve seed yield and to save labor. In a flower five anthers sequentially dehisced; pollen grains were continuously supplied to the anterior petal, which played a significant role in pollination, throughout the flowering period. Evidence from pollen and ovule number suggests that the species is facultative autogamy. Each flower opened more than 10 days was independent of the success in fertilization and kept seed producing ability during the flower longevity period. Pollen grains also maintained viability during the flow

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