Dissertations / Theses: 'Stigma (Social psychology) Australia'

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Ku, Tan Kan. "Culture and stigma towards mental illness : a comparison of general and psychiatric nurses of Chinese and Anglo-Australian backgrounds /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8400.

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A sample of 208 nurses (a response rate of 63%) participated in a study by responding to a questionnaire comprising of 170 items which examined nurses’ attitudes towards mental illness, and the association between contact, cultural values, general and practice stigma. General stigma refers to attitudes towards the mentally ill while practice stigma is informed from differential clinical practice approaches towards the care of two case vignettes describing a patient with mental illness and one with diabetes. Subjects were recruited using the snowballing technique and comprised of nurses (83 Anglo Psychiatric, 41 Anglo General, 49 Chinese Psychiatric and 35 Chinese General) currently practising in Victoria. Age ranged from 21 to 65 years. Principal components analyses were conducted on items to develop subscales related to individualism and collectivism, contact types, general and practice stigma. Analyses of variance and covariance were conducted to examine differences between nurse type and ethnicity and respectively, to account for possible differences in background, contact and in the case of practice stigma, general stigma.
The key findings revealed differences according to nurse type and ethnicity in several of the subscales. Psychiatric nurses endorsed a higher level of contact than general nurses with mentally ill people on the variables ‘Contact Through Work Situation’, ‘Patient Help Nurses’ and ‘External Socialisation with Patient’, but not on the variable ‘Relative With Mental Illness’. By virtue of more contact, psychiatric nurses also endorsed less general stigma than general nurses, assessed by results from analysing social distancing, but not by negative stereotyping of people with mental illness. With respect to practice stigma, while care and satisfaction did not differ according to patient type and nurse type, psychiatric nurses expressed less authoritarianism and negativity than general nurses towards the mental illness case than general nurses while lesser differences between nurse types were evident for the diabetes case. Chinese nurses when compared with Anglo-Australian nurses, endorsed more highly collectivist values measured by the variables ‘Ingroup Interdependence’ and ‘Ingroup Role Concern’ but there was no difference in individualist values. This may reflect acculturation towards Western values but also retention of Chinese values, interpreted in the light of other results on cultural affiliation, as a bicultural position. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly general stigma towards the mentally ill than Anglo nurses when statistically controlling for differences in background demographics and contact factors.
Nursing satisfaction did not differ in ethnicity and patient type. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly care and authoritarianism in their clinical practice approaches than Anglo-Australian nurses, although there was no significant interaction effect between ethnicity and patient type on care and authoritarianism. Chinese nurses endorsed more highly negativity than Anglo-Australian nurses for the mental illness case than the diabetes case, an effect later shown to be mediated by differences in general stigma between the two ethnic groups. Within the Chinese sample, higher contact was associated with lower differential negativity for the mental illness than the diabetes case. Several path analyses suggested Chinese values influenced differential negativity, mediated by general stigma and prior diversified contact with people having a mental illness.
It may be concluded from these results that practice stigma is related to cultural values but the relationship is mediated by general stigma and contact. What aspect of the Chinese values specifically correlates with general stigma remains a question for further research, but several possibilities are discussed.

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Cook, Jonathan E. "Social stigma and subjective power in naturalistic social interaction /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400960581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Bonfine, Natalie. "Stigma, self-concept and stigma resistance among individuals with mental illness." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618919.

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Theory suggests and research provides evidence that stigma can have a negative impact on the self-concept for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. Labeling theory and modified labeling theory suggest that individuals who are labeled with a socially undesirable status (e.g. mental illness) may develop negative cognitions, self-perceptions and emotions as a result of the associated stigma. However, some evidence suggests that the harmful effects of stigma on self-concept may not have as strong or an enduring of an impact as labeling theories might predict. In this dissertation, I utilize longitudinal survey data of 221 individuals with mental illness to consider the role of empowerment and defensive responses that individuals use to resist the potentially negative effects of stigma. Specifically, I examine defensive strategies, such as secrecy and social withdrawal, and empowerment-oriented responses to stigma, including community activism and righteous anger, as factors that may moderate the effect of stigma on self-concept. I found limited support of the negative effect that perceived stigma has on self-concept. While I did find some evidence that stigma is negatively associated with both self-esteem and mastery, these associations were only of modest strength. There was no finding suggesting that the stigma response items moderate the relationship between stigma and self-concept, but mediating relationships are present. Further research is needed in order to better understand how stigma resistance strategies influence the varying effects of the stigma of mental illness on self-concept.

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Pinel, Elizabeth Claudine. "Stigma-consciousness : the psychological legacy of social stereotypes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Klik, Kathleen A., and Stacey L. Williams. "Bridging Social and Clinical Psychology to Understand Mental Illness Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8096.

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This is a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between internalized stigma and treatment adherence among those diagnosed with a mental illness, with a specific emphasis on identifying gaps in the literature. This review brings together one particular topic in social psychology (e.g., internalized stigma) that may inform clinically relevant work (e.g., treatment adherence among those diagnosed with a mental illness). Self-esteem, hope, self-efficacy, quality of life, social support, shame, insight, and coping were identified as mechanisms of internalized stigma. A theoretical model is proposed to examine these psychosocial mechanisms and identify gaps in relation to the relationship between internalized stigma and treatment adherence. This model provides further understanding of how internalized stigma influences treatment adherence among those diagnosed with a mental illness. Additionally, this review may provide an understanding of not only how internalized stigma relates to treatment adherence, but also advance psychological theory, identify directions for future research and point to avenues for future interventions.

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McKee, Kaitlyn M. "Chronic Illness Stigma: The Experiences of Emerging Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/422.

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Individuals with chronic illness often face the added burden of stigma associated with their chronic conditions. Stigma has been associated with fewer psychosocial resources of social support, self-esteem, and self-compassion, as well as less access and usage of mental and physical healthcare. However, it is unclear whether stigma experiences vary by age of the individuals with chronic illness. It was hypothesized that emerging adults would report more perceived stigma, fewer psychosocial resources and less access to medical treatments. It was additionally hypothesized that perceived stigma would mediate the association between age and outcomes. 197 participants completed an online survey using Survey Monkey. Results of multiple regression analysis testing for mediation did not support hypotheses. In fact, emerging adults reported easier access to treatments than older adults. Post-hoc analyses were conducted and revealed that among emerging adults – but not older adults – perceived stigma was significantly related to less access to medical treatments. Thus, age may moderate the impact of stigma of chronic illness on access to healthcare in individuals with chronic illness, rather than predict more or less stigma of chronic illness. This indicates that in spite of easier access to care for emerging adults, increased stigma might interfere with their seeking of that care. Future studies should examine the impact of stigma on emerging adults’ treatment access.

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Sullivan, Michael John. "Measuring HIV stigma among healthcare providers." Thesis, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606107.

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People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) experience stigma that creates barriers have the net effect of limiting access to care and decreased quality of life. This study seeks to identify, quantify, and measure mechanisms that produce the negative outcomes of provider-based stigma in regards to PLWH. The study employs the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS), a new instrument based on a tripartite model of measuring prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination as developed by Wagner et al. in 2014. The study shows stereotyping is prevalent in the sample as a whole while prejudice was statistically significant in both correlations and comparisons made among groups. The study concludes that stigma is both frank and occult in its operation within the healthcare delivery model and recommends concrete and targeted interventions suitable for the setting where the study takes place.

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Lim, Alice. "Addressing Mental Health Stigma in Korean Americans: Culturally Adapted Anti-Stigma Psychoeducation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1522074362520226.

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Walters, Loretta Marie. "Interracial relationships as stigma." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9981.

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Paterson, Lucy. "Stigma, social comparison and psychological distress in adults with a learning disability." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2630.

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Introduction: People with a learning disability are members of a stigmatised group and research has shown that stigmatisation can have a negative impact on psychological wellbeing. The process of social comparison has been shown to be important in the experience of stigmatisation and has been shown to have been used by people with a learning disability. This thesis aims to examine the perception of stigma in people with a learning disability and the relationship it has with their psychological wellbeing. The process of social comparison in this population will be explored and the possible moderating effect it may have on the relationship between stigma and psychological wellbeing will be investigated. Methods: The study involved a questionnaire-based interview with 43 adults with a mild to moderate learning disability who attended local adult resource centres. Participants completed four self-report measures of perception of stigma, self-esteem, symptoms of psychological distress and social comparison. The social comparison measure was completed twice: once in comparison with other service users and again in comparison with people in the community. Results: Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between perception of stigma and self-esteem and symptoms of psychological distress. Perception of stigma was shown to be significantly related to negative social comparisons, and negative social comparisons were significantly related to low self-esteem and high symptoms of psychological distress. No difference was found between social comparisons made with other service users and those made with people in the community. Social comparison was not found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between stigma and self-esteem. Discussion: The results provide further evidence that greater awareness of stigma is related to lower self-esteem, higher psychological distress and more negative social comparisons. Furthermore, those that compare themselves negatively to others report lower self-esteem and higher psychological distress. Although there was no difference in the way people with a learning disability compared themselves to their peers versus the general population, the way they see themselves compared to others in general has implications for their wellbeing. The significance of this and the relevance for future research is discussed.

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Solinski, Cynthia L. "Coping with stigma an adult learners perspective /." Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2196.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.
Title from screen (viewed on July 19, 2010). Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Peter Seybold, Patricia A. Wittberg, Christine Leland. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54).

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Williams, David. "An exploratory study of social anxiety in schizophrenia : the role of social comparison, shame and stigma." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273490.

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Schaad, Ashley M. "An Examination of the Cognitive Aspects of the Stigma of Obesity." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1325871309.

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Klik, Kathleen. "Risk and Protective Factors of Internalized Mental Illness Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2573.

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The internalization of mental illness stigma is associated with an array of negative consequences; however, not all individuals experience the deleterious effects of internalized mental illness stigma. The present dissertation focuses on factors associated with internalized stigma, and will be the first to examine simultaneously both risk (i.e., shame, shame proneness and shame aversion, insight, and centrality and valence) and protective factors (social support and self-compassion) of internalized mental illness stigma. Using two of the most widely used assessments of internalized mental illness stigma (i.e., Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale [SSMIS] and the Internalized Mental Illness Scale [ISMI]), risk and protective factors were examined among adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; n = 215) and Facebook (n = 153) who self-reported a mental illness diagnosis. Whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness and centrality were significant predictors of the process of internalization of mental illness stigma (measured by the Stereotype Self-Concurrence subscale of the SSMIS), among Facebook participants centrality was the only significant predictor of process of the internalization of mental illness stigma. In addition, whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness (measured by the PFQ-2), centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma (measured by the ISMI), among Facebook participants state shame, centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma. Thus, centrality was the only significant risk factor across measures and samples. It is possible that the current dissertation may help to differentiate individuals at particular risk for internalization and ultimately to harness resilience for those diagnosed with a mental illness, particularly among those diagnosed with mood or anxiety-related diagnoses.

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Minson, James. "The Influence of HIV Stigma and Disclosure on Psychosocial Behavior." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3639888.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a serious public health issue, and many social factors are involved in virus transmission and treatment. The current conceptualization of how HIV status disclosure and perceived stigma of HIV diagnosis interact is undeveloped. This study was based on social cognitive theory and tested hypothesized positive relations between HIV serostatus disclosure, social support, and self-efficacy. In addition, self-rated HIV stigma was examined as a potential mediating variable. Participants were 109 HIV positive, mostly White gay men recruited via an online bulletin board. They completed the medical outcomes study social support survey, the general self-efficacy scale, the HIV stigma scale, a HIV serostatus disclosure questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Linear regression revealed that social support significantly and positively predicted HIV serotatus disclosure. HIV stigma mediated this relation by lowering the perception of support. Sexual orientation disclosure significantly and positively predicted HIV serostatus disclosure and social support. It is recommended that future research examine the impact of HIV stigma in different groups (racial and sexual minorities, and women). Culturally-sensitive assessments may also be used to measure individual levels of perceived stigma, HIV status disclosure, and social support. Action for social change includes raising general public awareness regarding HIV misconceptions, such as transmission risk; lowering stigma and raising support through public education; and increasing sexual minority status self-identification via outreach in low self-disclosure communities.

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Minson, James. "The Influence of HIV Stigma and Disclosure on Psychosocial Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1154.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a serious public health issue, and many social factors are involved in virus transmission and treatment. The current conceptualization of how HIV status disclosure and perceived stigma of HIV diagnosis interact is undeveloped. This study was based on social cognitive theory and tested hypothesized positive relations between HIV serostatus disclosure, social support, and self-efficacy. In addition, self-rated HIV stigma was examined as a potential mediating variable. Participants were 109 HIV positive, mostly White gay men recruited via an online bulletin board. They completed the medical outcomes study social support survey, the general self-efficacy scale, the HIV stigma scale, a HIV serostatus disclosure questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Linear regression revealed that social support significantly and positively predicted HIV serotatus disclosure. HIV stigma mediated this relation by lowering the perception of support. Sexual orientation disclosure significantly and positively predicted HIV serostatus disclosure and social support. It is recommended that future research examine the impact of HIV stigma in different groups (racial and sexual minorities, and women). Culturally-sensitive assessments may also be used to measure individual levels of perceived stigma, HIV status disclosure, and social support. Action for social change includes raising general public awareness regarding HIV misconceptions, such as transmission risk; lowering stigma and raising support through public education; and increasing sexual minority status self-identification via outreach in low self-disclosure communities.

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Shen, Liying. "Stigma Against Mental Illness and Cerebral Palsy in China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201730.

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This dissertation examines the stigmatization of two health conditions: mental disability and physical disability in the context of China. In particular, it addresses two main themes: the processes and impacts of stigma, and the variables that moderate the association of stigma with social attributes. The first paper applied a qualitative approach to identify the sources of burdens of raising a child with cerebral palsy in China and how stigma and “face” as a cultural factor affect children with cerebral palsy and their families. The findings showed that families with children of cerebral palsy report tremendous financial burdens, insufficient educational and medical services, as well as discrimination among family members and communities. An overwhelming majority of caregivers reported to have had the feeling of “loss of face,” while family members considered the child with cerebral palsy as “useless” and “burdensome.” Their common remarks o “send away the child to orphanage” and “give another birth to a normal child”, reinforced caregivers’ feeling of helplessness, and put many family relationships to an end. The second and third papers on stigma and mental illness studied the underlying social determinants of public stigma and the variations in the general public’s attitudes and reactions toward people with mental illness. Using a population-based stratified sample of 3703 adults from the Stigma in Global Context-Mental Health Study, paper II investigated social attributes, stigma, and the links between them. Paper III assessed how demographics and geographical location structured public perceptions and reactions towards people with mental illness. Findings from paper II indicated that Chinese are less willing to interact with people with depression and schizophrenia than those with a physical illness. Depressive disorders had more rejections than schizophrenia in this study. Age, education, and place of residence among respondents had significant association with public stigma. The label of “mental illness” and perception of dangerousness had significant negative association on social stigma. Findings from paper III indicated that social distance had a significant association with regional context, which suggests that public stigma exists at larger cultural levels. Our findings help inform specific factors in the pursuit of tackling structural discrimination.

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Ebeid, Omar Randi. "The Effects of Labeling and Stigma on the Social Rejection of Striptease Performers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5466/.

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This study uses survey data collected from a convenience sample of undergraduate students (N=89). A vignette survey design is employed to measure social rejection of striptease performers compared to a control group. Data is also collected on negative stereotypes held about striptease performers, which are correlated with social rejection. Link and Phelan's conceptualization of the stigma process provides the theoretical framework for this analysis. Findings suggest that striptease performers experience higher levels of social rejection and are perceived more negatively than the control group and that endorsement of negative stereotypes is associated with social rejection.

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Sharp, Christine Elizabeth. "Lesbian identity narratives telling tales of a stigmatised identity /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/560.

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Morrison, Shelagh. "An investigation of social anxiety and stigma amongst adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/21/.

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Background: Experiences and perceptions of stigma have been shown to play a role in the psychopathology of individuals with intellectual disability. In particular, stigma may impact upon evaluative cognitions amongst this group. Despite this, the association between stigma and socio-evaluative concerns and social anxiety has not been explored in this group. The study of social anxiety amongst adolescents with intellectual disability is of particular interest since the onset of social anxiety peaks in adolescence. Methods: Twenty-seven adolescents attending learning support classes at further education colleges participated. They completed a series of self-report measures on social anxiety, perceived stigma, and experiences of stigma. Their college tutors also completed rating scales measuring participants’ social skills. Results: Positive associations between experiences and perceptions of stigma, and social anxiety were found. Lower social skills were not associated with elevated social anxiety, nor did these contribute to the observed association between social anxiety and perceptions and experience of stigma. Conclusions: This study highlights that anxiety in social situations can be an issue for adolescents with ID, and requires consideration in both theoretical developments and clinical practice. In exploring experiences of social anxiety amongst individuals with ID, the value of considering stigmatising experiences and evaluative cognitions amongst this group is emphasised. Limitations and future directions are outlined. Since this is a preliminary study, further research in this area is required.

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Tabak, Melanie Ann. "Weight Based Stigma: The Impact of Perceived Controllability of Weight on Social Support." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1222807014.

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Looper, Karl J. "Perceived stigma in functional somatic syndromes and comparable medical conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33800.

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Objective. To determine whether having a condition of unknown medical cause contributes to perceived stigma in individuals with functional somatic syndromes (FSS).
Methods. Subjects in three FSS groups, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia (FM), and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), were matched to medical control groups. Self-report measures were used to collect sociodemographic information, and rates of depression, physical functioning, and perceived stigma.
Results. Having the FSS was associated with perceived stigma in CFS compared to the medical control group, and remained an independent predictor when controlling for depression and physical functioning on multivariate analysis. These effects were not seen in FM or IBS compared to medical control groups.
Conclusions. The ambiguity of having a medically unexplained syndrome may contribute to perceived stigma in CFS. The absence of this effect in FM and IBS may reflect a greater acceptance of FM and IBS as medical conditions.

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Rood, Jennifer E. "Examining Perceived Stigma of Children with Newly-Diagnosed Epilepsy and Their Caregivers Over a Two-Year Period." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1401195838.

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Terry, Lisa Noelle. "Exploring potential components of prejudice toward certain stigmatized others." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035988.

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Vyas, Krutarth J. "HIV Stigma Within Religious Communities in Rural India." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1725.

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This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of HIV/AIDS-related stigma within religious communities in rural Gujarat, India. This study used the hidden distress model of HIV stigma and the HIV peer education model as conceptual frameworks to examine a rural population sample of 100 participants. Regression analysis was conducted to test if school education had a moderating effect on the relationship between illness as punishment for sin (IPS) and HIV stigma. Religiosity was tested for mediating effects on the relationship between early religious involvement (ERI) and HIV stigma. The results of this study indicated that single unemployed men under the age of 28 were more likely to relate religiosity, IPS, and ERI to HIV stigma. Furthermore, education did not significantly moderate the relationship between IPS and HIV Stigma, and religiosity also did not mediate the relationship between ERI and HIV stigma. However, an additional mediation analysis showed that IPS did mediate the relationship between religiosity and HIV stigma in this study. The results of this study suggested that HIV/AIDS awareness programs may need to focus on young unemployed men because they may be the most susceptible to stigmatic thinking. It can be concluded that IPS was a major contributor in the proliferation of HIV stigma for participants in this study. Further research is needed to understand how belief in an authoritarian God could increase IPS, and how education initiatives may aid in decreasing IPS among inhabitants. This study strived to add to the existing body of knowledge and help improve the lives of those infected with HIV in rural parts of India.

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Fu, Yuen-kei, and 傅婉琪. "Can mix-tenure alleviate social stigma in public rental housing?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194920.

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Social stigma on public housing is a deep-rooted and unsolvable problem, places with large-scale public housing are perceived as concentration of unemployment and crimes in which outsiders are reluctant to visit those ghettos. Some empirical researches endeavored to argue social stigma on public housing can be abated by diversifying the tenure type, while UK government is a typical example in implementing mix tenure policy. However, the situation of Hong Kong seems different, social stigma on public housing is less apparent than western countries while living in public housing is sometimes perceived as fortunate due to low rent cost and good quality. In Hong Kong, government has not adopted any mix tenure policy whereas mix tenure of public housing, mix of renters and owners, is an unintended consequence of Tenant Purchase Scheme (TPS). In order to understand why social stigma seems less apparent in Hong Kong, this research is going to examine, first, the situation of social stigma on public housing in particular to Lam Tin district where a place with high density of public housing and mix tenure, second, if mix-tenure can alleviate social stigma on public housing in Hong Kong in which the research area will be focus on the aspects of unemployment and security because public housing is perceived as concentration of unemployment and crimes. In regard to the above research question, two sets of questionnaires were conducted to both residents living in TPS estates and private estates in order to understand their different perceptions on the unemployment and security of public housing, and thereby the survey result will be compared with the actual statistics from governmental bodies. Generally speaking, the survey analysis indicated that both sides of resident have apparent social stigma on the security of public housing while unemployment is less seen. What is more, it is interesting that the survey findings are different from the actual situation. Although residents believed that the crime rate is higher in public housing than private housing, there is neither positive nor negative relation between the variables of high density of public housing and crime rates. Social stigma on security was apparently seen from the survey in which majority of respondents agreed with high crime rate in public housing, yet Hong Kong government is not intended to solve the problem as what UK government did because of its historical political philosophy and financial constraints. For instance, Hong Kong government is reluctant to restrict the private developers through mix tenure policy since it would affect the historical philosophy of free economy for Hong Kong. Second, governors are accountable to explain how the public money was spent, and hence government is sensitive on spending large amount of public money to improve the security service and system. In view of the political and financial considerations, it is believed that tackling social stigma on public housing would put at lower priority in government's agenda. Last but not least, since the survey data is only collected in Lam Tin due to time and cost limits, the findings are not extensive and could not apply to all districts of Hong Kong especially for those areas without mix-tenure. In this regard, to have a further analysis on social stigma of Hong Kong public housing, author suggested widening the data collection to conduct a more comprehensive survey.
published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management

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Clifford, Jeanie Marie. "Reactions toward people with an illness : examining similarity as an extension to attribution theory /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130204.

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Rife, Sean Chandler. "Sexual Assault, Perceived Stigma, and Christian Fundamentalism: Understanding Support Seeking Among Victims." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1886.

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For women, sexual assault is a widespread problem with numerous psychological consequences, yet many victims do not seek support. The present study investigates this lack of support seeking in the context of stigma. It is hypothesized that sexual assault victims who perceive themselves as stigmatized (due to their status as a sexual assault victim) will be less likely to seek support than those who do not perceive themselves as stigmatized. It is also hypothesized that Christian fundamentalism will play a role in the stigmatization of sexual assault victims, with higher degrees of fundamentalism being associated with greater likelihood of self-perceptions of stigmatization among sexual assault victims. Results indicate that there is a relationship between perceived stigma and certain support sources (clergy, parents, and other relatives), but this relationship is positive. The hypothesized relationship between Christian fundamentalism and perceived stigma was partially supported.

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Gosdin, Melissa M. "Perceptions of Postpartum Depression among Adolescent Mothers and the Social Construction of Related Stigma." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4916/.

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Six serial focus groups were used to explore the perceptions of postpartum depression among nine adolescent mothers. The discussions were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed using symbolic interaction theory, specifically Goffman's concept of stigma. Participants identified major stigma themes in relation to postpartum depression, teenage pregnancy and motherhood, all of which were portrayed negatively in the media. Several key causes of adolescent postpartum depression were also found including self esteem relating to poor body image and social support. The findings indicate a much needed change in the way adolescent mothers are identified and treated for postpartum depression. Additionally, the importance of social support in preventing and treating adolescent postpartum depression is highlighted and programs addressing such concerns must be implemented.

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Klik, Kathleen A., Stacey L. Williams, and Katherine J. Reynolds. "Toward Understanding Mental Illness Stigma and Help-Seeking: A Social Identity Perspective." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8012.

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Introduction: People who experience mental illness are unlikely to seek help. Research suggests that mental illness stigma negatively impacts help-seeking, yet there is little information about factors that relate to stigma that are positively associated with help-seeking among those with compromised mental health. Emerging research suggests that aspects of the social identity perspective, namely group social identification and perceptions about the group, may provide insights as to how people who experience mental illness navigate help-seeking. Objective: In two studies we aimed to: (1) identify factors (i.e., social identification and perceptions of the group) that relate to stigma that are also associated with the multi-step process of help-seeking; and (2) explore if these factors and aspects of the help-seeking process that occur prior to service utilization (such as illness and symptom recognition) are positively associated with behavioral service utilization. Method: Study 1 employed Amazon's Mechanical Turk to recruit 90 participants who reported being diagnosed with a mental illness and not actively seeking treatment (i.e., medication or seeing a psychologist or psychiatrist). Study 2 employed Facebook to recruit 131 participants who self-reported a mental illness diagnosis. Results: Controlling for symptom severity, mental illness stigma was positively associated with social identification, which in turn positively impacted help-seeking in Study 1. Further, the relationship between social identification and help-seeking was strongest among those with a negative perception of the mental illness group. In Study 2, results indicated that social identification predicted behavioral service utilization, providing support for Study 1. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that social identification as a person with a mental illness is positively associated with the multi-step process of help-seeking and may be important for those who experience mental illness stigma to get help that enables and facilitates better functioning.

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Turner, Hannah Jo. "Late Adolescent Evaluating Responsibility Attributions and Social Distance Preferences Toward Peers with Mental Illnesses." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3126.

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Lowder, Diane M. "Examining the stigma of mental illness across the lifespan /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/lowderd/dianelowder.pdf.

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Goodman, Jeffrey A. "Extending the Stigma Ackhowledgment Hypothesis: A Consideration of Visibility, Concealability, and Timing of Disclosure." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GoodmanJA2008.pdf.

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Brennan, Erin Ann. "Stigmatization of HIV positive individuals." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1574154001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Callais, Todd Michael. "Ex-Offenders, Stigma Management, and Social Movements: An Organizational Case Study of Identity Work and the Reentry Process." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259356076.

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Bhaju, Jeshmin O'Leary Virginia E. Blashfield Roger K. "Stigma based on race and mental illness a diagnostic double whammy /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Psychology/Dissertation/Bhaju_Jeshmin_40.pdf.

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Squyres, Emily R. "Obesity Stigma, Psychological Flexibility and Disordered Eating Behavior Amongst People who are Overweight and Obese." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585875.

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Psychological struggle seems to be an inherent part of the human experience. Unfortunately, the public attitude towards the obese focuses more on negative stereotypes (e.g., undisciplined, ugly, stupid, and lazy) than on the underlying psychological components that lie at the heart of the struggle. Negative stereotypes like these have an affect upon the way the obese think about themselves and may lead to self-stigmatization, which in turn may interfere with a person's attempt to gain control of their health and emotional well-being when eating is used to relieve the associated distress. Many people who struggle with their weight are found to be very rigid in their thought processes regarding food. Perhaps it is not the content of food and body-related cognitions that is important, but the inflexibility with which they are held.

The current study will investigate the relationships among avoidant eating behavior, perceived stigmatization, self-stigmatization, and psychological flexibility. Participants will be recruited from a population of obese individuals who are seeking help at a bariatric clinic, and from Facebook. Participants will initially complete a packet of questionnaires on psychological flexibility, perceived stigmatization, self-stigmatization, and eating behavior online. Then for seven days they will receive four text messages a day for seven days, three of which will provide them with a link to the Periodic Assessment of Stigmatizing Experiences, and one text message providing a link to the Daily Eating Survey. It is hypothesized that 1) Perceived stigmatizing experiences (i.e., a fear of enacted stigma from society) will predict disordered eating 2) Weight- and food-related psychological inflexibility will moderate the relationship between perceived stigmatizing experiences and disordered eating 3) Self-stigma (i.e., self-devaluation due to perceived stigmatization from society) will moderate the relationship between perceived stigmatizing experiences and disordered eating 4) Psychological inflexibility will predict increased perceived self-stigma.

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Mayer, Jennifer L. Richardson Brian K. "From "living hell" to "new normal" illuminating self-identity, stigma negotiation, and mutual support among female former sex workers /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6079.

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Deitz, Mandi F., Stacey L. Williams, Sean C. Rife, and Peggy Cantrell. "Examining Cultural, Social, and Self-Related Aspects of Stigma in Relation to Sexual Assault and Trauma Symptoms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8019.

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The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims’ severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma—cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences.

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Primeaux, Sunni J. "The Role of Education, Empathy, and Psychological Flexibility in Implicit and Explicit Mental Health Stigma." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585868.

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Mental health stigma, while common, leads to harmful consequences. There is some evidence to show that education reduces stigma. The reduction, however, is short term and only observed in those who are relatively open and flexible with their beliefs. Emerging research suggests that variables such as empathy, perspective taking, and psychological flexibility may be key processes in stigma reduction. Relational Frame Theory (RFT) provides a framework for understanding the development of stigma, the role of inflexibility in maintenance of stigma, and how education that targets flexibility might facilitate reduction in stigma. Applications of RFT have resulted in the development of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, a tool that can be applied for assessment of not only implicit stigmatizing attitudes, but also the flexibility with which they are held. The current study examined the impact of divergent educational experiences on mental health stigma using college students with various levels of formal education relevant to psychological difficulties both implicitly with self-report measures and explicitly with the IRAP. Also examined were empathy and psychological flexibility as moderators of the relationship between education and stigma. Data suggest that mental health bias is a function of education, but that didactic and experiential education may have differential effects. Increases in education and empathy factors were associated with reduced stigma measured explicitly; however, these variables did not correlate with the measure of implicit stigma. Additionally, when empathy moderated the relationship between education and implicit stigma, high levels of empathy were associated with increases in implicit stigma. Inconsistencies in results from implicit and explicit measures indicate a clear need for continued research in this area to more fully understand mental health stigma and to develop reduction interventions.

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Maggio, Lisa. "Explore the Relationship Among Lung Cancer Stigma, Social Support, and Psychosocial Distress." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/19.

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There is longstanding causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Smoke-free policies and anti-smoking campaigns have been linked to the decline in smoking acceptance and contribute to the unintended consequence of stigmatizing smokers. Lung cancer is viewed as a self-inflicted disease and patients’ feel judged in a manner different from other cancers affecting social interactions between family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Lung cancer stigma contributes to depression, anxiety, poor self-esteem, guilt, shame, blame, threatens a person’s social identity, and limits social support that deeply affects patients and their support persons. This dissertation contains a review of the literature related to smoking and stigma, an evaluation of the psychometric properties of an investigator-developed instrument, “Lung Cancer Stigma Scale” (LuCaSS) and the main findings from a cross-sectional observational study of 104 lung cancer patients assessing factors associated with lung cancer stigma. The Model of Stigma Induced Identity Threat provides the framework to examine stigma and the relationship between social constraints, self-esteem, and smoking and to test whether social support mediates the relationship between stigma, and depression/anxiety. The LuCaSS was a reliable and valid instrument measuring lung cancer stigma (alpha = 0.89). The principle components analysis determined three subscales measuring internalized stigma: social rejections/judgment, blame/guilt, and shame. Social constraints, self-esteem, smoking each significantly contributed to the prediction of stigma controlling for SES. Lung cancer patients with greater social constraints and lower self-esteem and who were smokers scored higher on stigma. Social support was a mediator for the relationship between stigma and depression but not for anxiety. The findings are consistent with Stigma Induced Identity Threat Model. A stigmatized identity can lead to stress-related health outcomes such as depression. A lung cancer diagnosis has numerous negative psychosocial effects on patients. Integrating stigma tools (i.e. LuCaSS) in practice settings may assist with determining potential stigma related distress among lung cancer patients. Emphasizing the need for social support and implementing more advocacy efforts may also help minimize the effects of stigma and depression. Future studies are necessary to further examine the role of social support in minimizing stigma and psychosocial distress.

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Clark, Emily A., Sarah A. Job, and Stacey L. Williams. "PTSD Symptoms and Military-Specific Stigma in United States Veterans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/134.

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Dye, April K. "Why Does Everyone Think I Hate Men? The Stigma Of Feminism And Developing a Feminist Identity." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133535707.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 37 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31).

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Oliver, Tracy E. "Effectiveness of stigma reduction strategies for the mentally ill." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/654.

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Prior research has indicated that public stigma towards individuals diagnosed with mental illness may be reduced by exposing individuals to the truths about mental illness and by exposing individuals to a mentally ill person who by society's standards is a productive functioning adult. This study detemined whether the conditions shown to be effective for the public may, in turn, decrease the extent to which individuals diagnosed with mental illness stigmatizes themselves. Four conditions (education alone, contact alone, education-contact, control) were used to determine which method was more effective in reducing the effects of stigma. Stigma was measured using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness total and subscale scores and Devaluation-Discrimination Scale which were administered before the treatment session (pre), at the end of the treatment session (post), and at a 2-week follow-up. Conducting 4 (condition) X 3 (time) ANOVAs showed no significant results for any measure. Due to low power from poor participation-in-the-2--week-follow-up, 4 x 2 mixed_factorial ANOVA's were conducted without the follow-up data. The ISMI and Devaluation-Discrimination scores for each condition differed significantly for pre/post scores but not for conditions, with no significant interactions.

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Pitts, Marilyn Dee. "Correlations between stigma and self-esteem in mental health consumers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2596.

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Fasanello, Nicholas A., Emily A. Clark, Samantha A. Stone, Sarah A. Job, and Stacey L. Williams. "Self-Esteem as a Mediator of Internalized Stigma and Health in Sexual Minority Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/153.

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Rural populations are traditionally understudied, especially as it is concerned with the experiences of sexual minority women and the experiences of internalized stigma (negative attitudes towards the self) are often related to poor health outcomes within the LGBTQ+ community (Meyer, 2003). This relationship has been found to be mediated by rumination, suppression, and social isolation, which has been generalized to cognitive, coping, and social mediators (Hatzenbuehler, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Dovidio 2009). The current study examines the indirect effect of internalized stigma on self-rated health and quality of life through cognitive mediators (self-esteem, self-compassion, and feelings of guilt and shame) in sexual minority women located in northeast Tennessee (N=134). Participants completed the following scales: Perceived Self Stigma Scale (Mickelson, 2001), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), Self-Compassion Scale- Short Form (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011), Personal Feelings Questionnaire (Harder & Zalma, 1990), WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization, 1998), and the SF-36v2 (Health Survey, 1996). Results suggested that only self-esteem mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and both self-rated health and quality of life. Analyses were conducted via the data software SPSS. Internalized stigma was found to predict self-esteem (b = -0.153, p =.023). In turn, self-esteem was then predictive of self-rated health (b = .399, p =.043) and quality of life (b = 0.438, p = .007). A mediational analysis was conducted using a PROCESS (Hayes, 2014) macro to test the hypothesis that self-esteem acts as a mediator between internalized stigma and quality of life and self-rated health. There was an indirect effect of internalized stigma on quality of life (effect = -.067, 95% CI (-.157, -.016)) and self-rated health (effect = -.061, 95% CI (-.151, -.013)) through self-esteem. All other regression and mediational analyses with self-compassion, shame, and guilt were nonsignificant. With these findings, clinical therapy may be improved for sexual minority women by focusing on internalized stigma as an underlying cause of lower self-esteem and poor health. If the focus of therapy becomes internalized stigma, based on our findings, reduction of internalized stigma could increase self-esteem and in turn increase self-rated health and quality of life in sexual minority women.

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Finlay, W. M. L. "Stigma and self-concept : a social-pyschological analysis of representations of self in people with learning difficulties." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842/.

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Ayers, Lindsey L. "Stigmatized STD Status and Well-Being: The Role of Sexual Attitudes." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1247692535.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 8, 2010). Advisor: Kristen Marcussen. Keywords: Sexually transmitted disease; stigma; attitudes; well-being. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-46).

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Tabak, Melanie A. "Weight based stigma the impact of perceived controllability of weight on social support /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1222807014.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 2, 2009). Advisor: Kristin Mickelson. Keywords: social support; stigma; controllability. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-88).

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Pantelic, Marija. "HIV, blame and shame : internalised HIV stigma among South African adolescents living with HIV." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebc47dd0-df36-4b12-93b5-4e7d43603490.

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Background: This is the first epidemiological study of internalised stigma among adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to establish predictors of internalized HIV-stigma among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa (Paper 1), develop an HIV-stigma scale for use with adolescents (Paper 2) and build and test a model of risk pathways for internalised stigma (Paper 3). The data used for papers 2 and 3 is part of the world's largest social science study of adolescents living with HIV (n=1060). Paper One systematically reviews evidence on the prevalence and predictors of internalised HIV stigma amongst people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. PRISMA guidelines were followed. An adapted version of the Cambridge Quality Checklist was used to assess the quality of the findings. A total of 18 papers were included. The prevalence of internalised stigma among adults living with HIV was 27% - 66%. The longitudinal predictors for internalised HIV stigma were poor HIV-related health and psychological distress. The review identifies two critical limitations of the literature. First, no studies on adolescents were found. One of the reasons for this may be the lack of a scale for measuring internalised HIV stigma in this population. Second, only individual-level risk factors for internalised stigma were examined. Papers 2 and 3 aim to address these limitations. Paper Two develops an HIV stigma scale with and for adolescents living with HIV. First, a multidimensional stigma scale previously used with adolescents in the US was cross-culturally adapted using semi-structured cognitive interviews with nine South African adolescents living with HIV. These data were interpreted through thematic analysis, and items were adapted in consultation with interviewees. Second, the revised version of the scale was administered to 1060 adolescents living with HIV. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the predicted 3-factor structure, and associations with hypothesised correlates provided evidence of validity. Paper Three develops and tests a model of risk pathways to internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV. Drawing on findings from the systematic review (Paper 1) and using the scale developed in Paper 2, both inter and intrapersonal pathways of risk from HIV-related disability to internalised HIV stigma were hypothesized. Following from modified labelling theory, interpersonal mechanisms were hypothesized to occur through maltreatment within power-unequal relationships, i.e. enacted HIV stigma and violence victimization. Hypothesized intrapersonal risks were anticipated HIV stigma and depression. Structural equation modelling enabled the grouping of theoretically related constructs and assessment of multiple, simultaneous pathways of risk. Prevalence of any internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV was 26.5%. As hypothesized, significant associations between internalised stigma and anticipated stigma, as well as depression were obtained. Unexpectedly, HIV-related disability, violence victimization, and enacted stigma were not directly associated with internalised stigma. Rather, indirect pathways via intrapersonal risks were observed. Conclusions: More than a quarter of adolescents living with HIV in this study reported experiencing some level of internalised stigma. Findings suggest a need to expand programmatic responses to internalised HIV stigma, from individualistic, clinic-based programmes to integrative, community-based approaches. Providing mental health support and reducing the maltreatment of adolescents living with HIV might interrupt pathways from HIV-related disability to internalised stigma. This highlights the potential for interventions that do not necessarily target HIV-positive adolescents but are sensitive to their needs. Such efforts must be coupled with rigorous process and outcome evaluations, and longitudinal data is urgently needed. It is hoped that the adolescent-friendly stigma scale developed within this DPhil will enable further research with this understudied population. Prior to this thesis, there were no known epidemiological studies of internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV. Moreover, the broader, adult-focused corpus of research has overlooked interpersonal risk factors. This thesis highlights the relevance of power inequalities and domination for the study of internalised HIV stigma.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stigma (Social psychology) Australia'

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