Journal articles on the topic 'Stigma awareness'
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Bathje, Geoff, and John Pryor. "The Relationships of Public and Self-Stigma to Seeking Mental Health Services." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 2 (March 18, 2011): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.2.g6320392741604l1.
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The label of mental illness has long been recognized as one of the most powerful of all stigmas. Public stigma, the common societal reactions to people who seek help for psychological distress, can be distinguished from self-stigma, the internalized impact of public stigma. This study examined how awareness and endorsement of public stigma may influence self-stigma. It also examined how both types of stigma are connected to attitudes and intentions to seeking counseling. Awareness and endorsement of public stigma were found to predict self-stigma. Endorsement of sympathy for a person with mental illness was especially predictive of self-stigma, while endorsement of public stigma and self-stigma were independently related to attitudes to seeking counseling. Finally, attitudes were most proximally related to intentions to seek counseling. These results suggest that different aspects of stigma play different roles in influencing attitudes to seeking mental health counseling.
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Kwaning, Karen, Mitchell Wong, Kulwant Dosanjh, Christopher Biely, and Rebecca Dudovitz. "Gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0251332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251332.
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Objectives Although racial stigma in school is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors, there are no studies investigating how gender stigma relates to adolescent risky health behaviors among low-income, minority youth. We sought to determine whether gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors (delinquency, fighting, and substance use) and whether this association is mediated by school disengagement (low perceived teacher support, low school engagement, cutting classes, and breaking school rules) among low-income, minority students. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional survey data, collected from 2017 to 2019, from 412 high school students. Multi-level logistic regressions tested whether gender stigma awareness was associated with delinquency, fighting, and substance use, controlling for covariates, baseline behaviors, and clustering within schools. Mediation analyses tested whether school disengagement (low school engagement, perceived teacher support, cutting class, and breaking school rules) mediated these associations. Secondary analyses explored whether associations differed for male versus female, high-performing versus low-performing, and Latinx versus non-Latinx students. Results In this predominantly Latinx (83%) sample, gender stigma awareness was associated with delinquency (AOR = 1.48, P< 0.001) and fighting (AOR = 1.15, P< 0.001). School engagement, perceived teacher support, breaking school rules, and cutting classes mediated 42.7% of the association between gender stigma awareness and delinquency and 65.42% of the association between gender stigma awareness and fighting. Gender stigma awareness was also associated with substance use for low-performing (AOR = 1.68, P = 0.003) and non-Latinx adolescents (AOR = 3.80, P = 0.03). School disengagement did not mediate the association between gender stigma awareness and substance use for non-Latinx students but mediated 50% of this association for low-performing students. Conclusions Gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors. A decreased sense of acceptance in the school community and increased school misbehavior may mediate these associations. School environments that value and accept all students may better support adolescent health.
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Herrmann, Lynn K., Nancy Udelson, Cheryl Kanetsky, Hongyan Liu, Kristin Cassidy, Elisabeth Welter, and Martha Sajatovic. "A new curriculum to address dementia-related stigma: Preliminary experience with Alzheimer’s Association staff." Dementia 18, no. 7-8 (January 19, 2018): 2609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217752706.
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Objective Develop and test a stigma awareness and education curriculum targeted to non-medical staff of a local Alzheimer’s Association chapter. Methods The curriculum, developed in collaboration with leadership and educational staff from the Cleveland Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association, included a definition, types, and domains of stigma; effects of stigma on individuals with dementia and their families; stigma evaluation studies; tips to address the topic of dementia-related stigma with individuals and families. Lastly, an interactive discussion of real-life scenarios facilitated stigma recognition and management. Results Most staff felt the training improved their ability to identify Alzheimer’s disease stigma, made them more comfortable talking about stigma, and would change the way they interacted with people and families impacted by Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions This brief, practical educational curriculum has potential to improve awareness of dementia stigma in Alzheimer’s Association staff. Research is needed to expand stigma awareness in individuals and groups with varying levels of dementia knowledge.
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Jenkins, Janis Hunter, and Elizabeth A. Carpenter-Song. "Awareness of Stigma Among Persons With Schizophrenia." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 197, no. 7 (July 2009): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181aad5e9.
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Potas, Nihan, Sefika Sule Erçetin, Mehmet Yilmaz, Suay Nilhan Açikalin, Halime Güngör, and Esra Soydas Akyol. "3D Scale for Awareness, Attitude, Stigma of Addiction." Studies on Ethno-Medicine 10, no. 2 (April 2016): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2016.11905484.
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Cruz-Inigo, Andres E., Barry Ladizinski, and Aisha Sethi. "Albinism in Africa: Stigma, Slaughter and Awareness Campaigns." Dermatologic Clinics 29, no. 1 (January 2011): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2010.08.015.
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Logie, Carmen Helen, Moses Okumu, Simon Mwima, Peter Kyambadde, Robert Hakiza, Irungu Peter Kibathi, and Emmanuel Kironde. "Sexually transmitted infection testing awareness, uptake and diagnosis among urban refugee and displaced youth living in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 46, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200392.
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BackgroundSexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention needs among urban refugee and displaced youth are understudied. The study objective was to explore factors associated with the STI prevention cascade (STI services awareness, testing, diagnosis) among urban refugee and displaced youth in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe implemented a cross-sectional survey with youth aged 16–24 years in informal settlements in Kampala. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify social ecological (intrapersonal, interpersonal, community) level factors associated with STI testing services awareness, lifetime STI testing, and lifetime STI diagnosis.ResultsParticipants (n=445; mean age 19.3, SD 2.6, years) included young women (n=333, 74.8%) and young men (n=112, 25.2%). Less than half (43.8%) were aware of community STI services. One-quarter (26.1%) reported lifetime STI testing. Of these, 39.5% reported a lifetime STI diagnosis. In multivariable analyses among young women, age, lifetime sex partners, and lower adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH)-related stigma were associated with STI services awareness; and age, lower adolescent SRH-related stigma, and food security were associated with STI testing. Among young men, time in Uganda and lower HIV-related stigma were associated with STI services awareness; and age, condom self-efficacy, and increased adolescent SRH-related stigma were associated with testing. Lifetime sex partners, lower condom self-efficacy, and lower adolescent SRH-related stigma were associated with lifetime STI diagnosis.ConclusionsSocial ecological factors including stigma (adolescent SRH-related, HIV-related) were associated with STI testing and diagnosis among young urban refugees. Gender, age and stigma-tailored strategies can advance the STI prevention cascade among urban young refugees.
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Pinel, Elizabeth C., and Jennifer K. Bosson. "Turning Our Attention to Stigma: An Objective Self-Awareness Analysis of Stigma and Its Consequences." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 35, no. 1 (January 2013): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.746593.
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Miller, A. "Mental health awareness campaign exposes challenges in combatting stigma." Canadian Medical Association Journal 185, no. 6 (February 25, 2013): E241—E242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4415.
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Evans, Nick. "Tackling stigma and raising awareness of rare male cancers." Cancer Nursing Practice 21, no. 6 (October 31, 2022): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/cnp.21.6.14.s7.
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Shim, Young R., Rebecca Eaker, and Junkoo Park. "Mental Health Education, Awareness and Stigma Regarding Mental Illness Among College Students." Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology 6, no. 2 (August 24, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-2959/2022/2.1258.
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Objective: The present study examined whether psychoeducational tools are beneficial in improving awareness and reducing stigma regarding mental health. This study aims to increase mental health awareness and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. Methods: The study is quantitative research. In this study, 147 students registered in the Abnormal Psychology course, which focuses on mental illness, were recruited. Students signed informed consent and participated in the study voluntarily. Students completed the demographic questions, Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BTMI), and Stig-9 questionnaire (stig-9). Results: Our findings revealed a significant difference in beliefs and awareness about mental health and a decrease in stigma after students completed the Abnormal Psychology course. The statistical analysis revealed that students believe mental health is more curable and less embarrassing after taking mental health education. Finally, our findings demonstrated a direct impact of the educational experience on student attitudes toward mental health. Conclusion: Our finding indicates that mental health education is a promising tool to raise awareness and understanding and reduce the stigma regarding mental health. Providing students with mental health education and training enabled students to learn and understand issues with mental illness. This study demonstrated a direct impact on the educational experience on student attitudes toward mental health.
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Walters, Suzan M., David Frank, Brent Van Ham, Jessica Jaiswal, Brandon Muncan, Valerie Earnshaw, John Schneider, Samuel R. Friedman, and Danielle C. Ompad. "PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Rural and Urban Differences in Stigma and Social Infrastructure." AIDS and Behavior 26, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 1308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03488-2.
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AbstractPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that prevents HIV acquisition, yet PrEP uptake has been low among people who inject drugs. Stigma has been identified as a fundamental driver of population health and may be a significant barrier to PrEP care engagement among PWID. However, there has been limited research on how stigma operates in rural and urban settings in relation to PrEP. Using in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 57) we explore PrEP continuum engagement among people actively injecting drugs in rural and urban settings. Urban participants had more awareness and knowledge. Willingness to use PrEP was similar in both settings. However, no participant was currently using PrEP. Stigmas against drug use, HIV, and sexualities were identified as barriers to PrEP uptake, particularly in the rural setting. Syringe service programs in the urban setting were highlighted as a welcoming space where PWID could socialize and therefore mitigate stigma and foster information sharing.
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Kumar, Prashant, Rashi Jha, and Prawin Kumar Sinha. "Stigma and mental health awareness among caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 11 (October 21, 2020): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204523.
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Background: Stigma and poor mental health literacy in caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder lead to loss of social support and occupational and financial burden reduced functioning, poor compliance and poorer quality of life for both the patient and the caregiver. With this study we aim to find out stigma and mental health awareness in caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder.Methods: 90 caregivers of patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder according to International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10) criteria were included in our study. Affiliate stigma scale on caregivers of people with mental illness and Public perception of mental illness questionnaire were applied on them after informed consent and acquiring socio-demographic details.Result: Analysis of the affective dimension of affiliate stigma scale on caregivers showed significant value for emotional disturbance and pressure due to care of Bipolar Affective Disorder diagnosed patient. Domains and the overall score in patients with mania was significantly more than in the patients with depression. The most significant difference (p<0.001) in the opinion of respondents was found with regards to the questions that the mental illness is caused by heredity, substance abuse, personal weakness or by God’s decree.Conclusions: Stigma towards mental disorders worsens the prognosis and compliance towards treatment, therefore, it needs to be assessed in all patients and their caregivers to improve overall well-being and improve acceptance of the patient and the caregiver in the society.
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Lehmann, Meshan, Matthew R. Hilimire, Lawrence H. Yang, Bruce G. Link, and Jordan E. DeVylder. "Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts." Crisis 37, no. 4 (July 2016): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000399.
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Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.
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Sun, Yanming, Guiying Li, and Hongyan Lu. "Awareness and use of nonoccupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and factors associated with awareness among MSM in Beijing, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): e0255108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255108.
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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased markedly in Beijing, China, during the past decade. Nonoccupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is a highly efficacious biomedical prevention strategy that significantly reduces HIV-transmission risk. This study examined nPEP awareness among MSM and the factors influencing it. Methods Consecutive, cross-sectional MSM surveys were conducted from April to August of 2018 and 2019. Demographic data as well as that on behavior and awareness regarding nPEP was collected. Factors influencing nPEP awareness were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 1,202 eligible responders recruited. Of the responders, 42.5% had nPEP awareness, and 59.9% expressed interest in receiving nPEP in the future, if required. Greater odds of nPEP awareness were associated with younger age, higher education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.834–5.678, P<0.001), higher income, use of the Internet to meet sexual partners (aOR: 2.016, 95% CI: 1.481–2.744, P<0.001), greater HIV-related knowledge (aOR: 3.817, 95% CI: 1.845–7.899, p<0.001), HIV testing (aOR: 2.584, 95% CI: 1.874–3.563, p<0.001), and sexually transmitted infections (aOR: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.174–2.569, P = 0.006). Lower odds of nPEP awareness were associated with greater stigma score (aOR: 0.804, 95% CI: 0.713–0.906, P<0.001). Conclusions The findings indicate suboptimal awareness and low utilization of nPEP in Beijing and highlight nPEP inequities among MSM with stigma. Strengthening the training of health service providers and peer educators in reducing stigma and disseminating nPEP knowledge is imperative.
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Collard, Sarah S., and Caroline Ellis-Hill. "‘I’d rather you didn’t come’: The impact of stigma on exercising with epilepsy." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 10 (September 14, 2017): 1345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317729560.
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Epilepsy is a common but hidden disorder, leading to stigma in everyday life. Despite stigma being widely researched, little is known about the impact of stigma for people with epilepsy within a sports and exercise setting. Using constructionist grounded theory, we explored the barriers and adaptations to exercise for people with epilepsy. Three focus groups (2–3 participants per group) and three semi-structured interviews were conducted (11 participants in total). Stigma negatively impacted joining team sports, running groups, and disclosure to others. The effect of stigma was reduced by educating others about epilepsy, thus creating more awareness and understanding.
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Tran, Nhu Kieu, Bach Ngoc Vu, Jordan Susa, and Mary DeSilva. "Stigma, coping strategies, and their impact on treatment and health outcomes among young men living with HIV in Vietnam: A qualitative study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 9 (September 20, 2022): e0000669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000669.
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Background Stigma affects persons living with HIV in myriad ways, including mental health, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and retention in care, and may manifest at inter- and intra-personal levels. Youth are particularly vulnerable; those in vulnerable groups may experience multiple stigmas. In Vietnam, new HIV infections are rising among men in young age groups. To better understand the facets of stigma experienced by young men living with HIV in Vietnam, we conducted a qualitative study with youth and clinicians. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with ten youth and two clinicians in Hanoi, querying experiences of inter- and intra-personal stigma, coping strategies, and disclosure. As a framework for further research, we developed a conceptual model based on our findings and the published evidence base which portrays interactions among HIV-related stigma, coping strategies, and ART adherence, care engagement, and health outcomes. Results Common themes that emerged from interviews with youth included extensive internalized/self-stigma and perceived stigma, yet limited experienced interpersonal stigma due to non-disclosure and avoidant coping strategies. Within different types of relationships or contexts, youth used different strategies. Non-disclosure with family, friends, and workplaces/school, and avoidance of romantic relationships and health care were common. Mental health and social support appeared to be mediating factors between coping strategies and health outcomes. Conclusions Validation of this model of mechanisms of the impact of stigma for youth will require further research with larger samples. In the meantime, public campaigns to increase public awareness related to HIV should be implemented in Vietnam. Critical support for youth and their mental health should involve approaches tailored to the individual, taking into account context and personal capacity, including adequate time to prepare psychologically for disclosure. Some strategies for safe and effective disclosure are suggested.
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Rubio-Valera, M., A. Fernández, S. Evans-Lacko, J. V. Luciano, G. Thornicroft, I. Aznar-Lou, and A. Serrano-Blanco. "Impact of the mass media OBERTAMENT campaign on the levels of stigma among the population of Catalonia, Spain." European Psychiatry 31 (January 2016): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.10.005.
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AbstractReducing public stigma could improve patients’ access to care, recovery and social integration. The aim of the study was to evaluate a mass media intervention, which aimed to reduce the mental health, related stigma among the general population in Catalonia (Spain). We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey of a representative sample of the Catalan non-institutionalized adult population (n = 1019). We assessed campaign awareness, attitudes to people with mental illness (CAMI) and intended behaviour (RIBS). To evaluate the association between campaign awareness and stigma, multivariable regression models were used. Over 20% of respondents recognized the campaign when prompted, and 11% when unprompted. Campaign aware individuals had better attitudes on the benevolence subscale of the CAMI than unaware individuals (P = 0.009). No significant differences in authoritarianism and support for community mental health care attitudes subscales were observed. The campaign aware group had better intended behaviour than the unaware group (P < 0.01). The OBERTAMENT anti-stigma campaign had a positive impact to improve the attitudes and intended behaviour towards people with mental illness of the Catalan population. The impact on stigma was limited to attitudes related to benevolence. A wider range of anti-stigma messages could produce a stronger impact on attitudes and intended behaviour.
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Khalil, Amal Ibrahim. "Stigma versus Mental Health Literacy." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 5, no. 3 (March 31, 2017): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss3.639.
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Background: A sound mental health is the key component of health and the absence of mental health could create a great deal of burden to the functioning of a nation. As well the attitudes of the public towards mental health issues are important factors in fighting the stigma with mental disorders
Aim: To investigate the Saudi people level of mental health literacy and attitudes regarding mental disorders and those affected people.
Participants and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was used and a convenient sample of 255 subjects from general Saudi population attending to general public collections area, such as, shopping malls, universities, and restaurants in Jeddah city. The tool consisted of sociodemographic data sheet and self-administered checklist developed by Kumar et al., 2012 for assessing the attitude and awareness level of public towards mental disorders.
Results: A total of 255 people were interviewed. Most of the respondents 66.3% were females and the majority of the studied population have little awareness and had negative attitude toward the nature of mental illness as well 72.2% indicted that Evil Spirit causing mental illness. Negative attitude responses were ranging from 47 -57% regarding stigmatization, after effect and treatment.
Conclusion and recommendations: the findings concluded that there was a decreased level of mental health literacy among studied population as well as negative attitudes and stigmatization of mental illness. Therefore, more work needs to be done to educate the public about the psychobiological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders and the value of effective treatments.
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M., Chaitra K., Avinash Agrawal, Varshini P., Anil H., and Sweta Athani. "Public awareness towards first aid management of epilepsy." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193750.
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Background: Determination of attitude and awareness towards epilepsy in general population. Despite successfully achievement of management of epilepsy in hospitals, the efforts to assess the awareness and mass education is very limited.Methods: Total 880 participants were required to answer a series of questionnaires related to demographic data, awareness, attitude towards epilepsy with details of their first aid management and their source of information for the same.Results: Concerning attitude, 14.65% would object having their children associated with epilepsy. 72.16% would object to marry or their children marrying an epileptic. 8.86% thought epilepsy as a form of insanity. Concerning knowledge, the 33% will seek others help as a first aid measure and 50% don’t have any source of information regarding first aid management.Conclusions: The results indicate considerable amount of social stigma still exist and alarming fact was even the educated people still think it as a social stigma and are biased. Awareness needs to be enhanced through various knowledge campaigns. Stress on proper first aid measure to a seizing person needs to be addressed to remove fear and anxiety among the public.
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Adhikari, S. R. "Stigma in Mental Illness: Relative’s Perspective." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12393.
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Introduction: Stigma is an important determinant in mental illness, which determines awareness, symptom recognition and treatment adherence. It is an important factor due to which relatives of patients with psychiatric disorders decide treatment and further evaluation. Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional retrospective study done at medical college. Valid and standardized rating scales along with socio-demographic profile were used to assess perception, awareness and attitude regarding stigma against mental illness among relatives of patients who have mental illness.Results: Most family members did not perceive themselves as being avoided by others because of their relative’s hospitalization, half reported concealing the hospitalization at least to some degree. Both the characteristics of the mental illness (the stigmatizing mark) and the social characteristics of the family were significantly related to levels of family stigma. Care givers whose relative had experienced an episode of illness within the past 6 months reported greater avoidance by others. Conclusion: Stigma experienced by relatives is pervasive and everlasting. It deeply affects emotional, social and occupational aspects of care giver also which leads to concealment of their patient’s illness, which have long term detrimental situations and non-compliance of medications.J Psychiatric Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.2, 2014, pp: 37-42DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i2.12393
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Hewer-Richards, Leah, and Dawn Goodall. "Everybody S***s: how defecation stigma reduces care quality in dementia." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 21, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-07-2019-0039.
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Purpose This paper aims to raise awareness of the ways in which faecal incontinence can impact the provision of dementia care by examining this through the lens of stigma. Design/methodology/approach This paper contains a scoping review of available literature relating to faecal incontinence, dementia and stigma. Findings Literature was organised into three themes: the origins of the stigma, the purpose of stigma and the care context. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this paper include the lack of literature discussing faecal incontinence and dementia in relation to stigma. Practical implications Stigma regarding faecal incontinence has the potential to impact quality of life of people with a dementia and contributes towards the invisible work of unqualified care workers. Originality/value Stigma and faecal incontinence have only a small amount of research around them in residential dementia care.
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Henderson, Claire, Emily Robinson, Sara Evans-Lacko, and Graham Thornicroft. "Relationships between anti-stigma programme awareness, disclosure comfort and intended help-seeking regarding a mental health problem." British Journal of Psychiatry 211, no. 5 (November 2017): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.195867.
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BackgroundAnti-stigma programmes should aim to increase disclosure to those who can support someone with a mental health problem and appropriate professional help-seeking.AimsWe investigated associations among public awareness of England's Time to Change anti-stigma campaign and: (a) comfort envisaged in disclosing a mental health problem to family and friends; (b) comfort in disclosing to an employer; and (c) intended professional help-seeking from a general practitioner, i.e. a physician working in primary care.MethodUsing data from a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults, we created separate logistic regression models to test for campaign awareness and other variables as predictors of comfort in disclosure and intended help-seeking.ResultsWe found positive relationships between campaign awareness and comfort in disclosing to family and friends (odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.43) and to a current or prospective employer (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.35); and likelihood of help-seeking (OR=1.18 95% CI 1.03–1.36).ConclusionsAwareness of an anti-stigma campaign was associated with greater comfort in disclosing a mental health problem and intended help-seeking.
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Woodhead, Kate. "Fighting Aids Stigma Caring for All." British Journal of Perioperative Nursing (United Kingdom) 13, no. 6 (June 2003): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890301300603.
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The International Council of Nurses (ICN) chooses a theme each year to heighten awareness of an issue facing nurses working all over the world, and uses International Nurses Day, 12 May, to focus attention on the plight of patients’ suffering. This year's theme is Fighting AIDS stigma: caring for all. This article looks at the current situation with regards to HIV/AIDS and how it affects the public, patients and healthcare staff.
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Kwok, Kim, and Sylvia Kwok Lai Yuk Ching. "Navigating Stigma and Discrimination: Experiences of Migrant Children with Special Needs and Their Families in Accessing Education and Healthcare in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105929.
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This paper explores the barriers to supporting South Asian (Pakistani, Nepalese and Indian) migrant children with special needs that their families encountered navigating Hong Kong’s special needs system and accessing education and healthcare services. It adopts concepts of stigma and disability rights. It draws on semi-structured interviews with fifteen South Asian children and young people with special needs (age 5–21; M = 10; F = 5) and their families, and seven professional practitioners based on the qualitative descriptive method. Informants experienced intersecting stigmatization that included (1) institutional exclusion, (2) daily life microaggressions, and (3) misunderstandings and a lack of awareness education. Simultaneously, some were empowered through (4) support and accommodation, and (5) spiritual support from religion. This paper reveals a paradox embodied by Hong Kong; it is an Asian multicultural city committed to embracing the vision of disability inclusion while failing to ensure necessary support to reduce the stigma experienced by culturally diverse children with a disability. It makes recommendations based on a socioecological framework and concludes that concerted efforts by relevant authorities and organizations should be made to reduce stigma by taking into consideration the intersecting stigmas, specific resources unique to migrant communities, disability rights and cultural sensitivity.
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Lamichhane, Rama Kumari. "Stigma perceived by family members of psychiatric patients attending outpatient department of a teaching hospital." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v6i2.27234.
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Introductions: Stigma and unfavorable view of people towards mental illness is prevailing in Nepal due to lack of awareness. Stigma among family members of people with mental illness has a serious impact on the outcome. This study aims to identify the level of perceived stigma by family members and association with selected demographical variables.
Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the stigma perceived by family members of patients visiting psychiatry outpatient department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences during 12 August to Sep 7, 2018. Questionnaire on socio-demographic variables and self-stigma of mental illness scale was used to interview the family members to assess the level of perceived stigma. Chi-square was used to examine the association between demographic variables and stigma, p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 180 family interviewed 94 (52.2%) had perceived high level of stigma and 86 (47.8%) low level of stigma. There was significant association between age and perceived stigma (p value=0.030) at 95% of significance.
Conclusions: More than half of the family members of psychiatric patients had perceived high level of stigma and was associated with the age.
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Fabbre, Vanessa, and Eleni Gaveras. "THE MANIFESTATION OF MULTI-LEVEL STIGMA IN THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TRANSGENDER OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2722.
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Abstract Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) older adults experience disparities in mental health outcomes when compared to non-TGNC sexual minority older adults. Stigmatizing experiences are thought to influence these outcomes, but little is known about this process. Recent conceptualizations of stigma draw attention to multiple levels – individual, interpersonal, and structural – experienced by TGNC people of all ages. To explore how multi-level stigma manifests in the lives of TGNC older adults, we conducted a two-phase qualitative content analysis of in-depth biographical interviews with 88 TGNC adults aged 50 and older, from across the United States. Data were obtained from the photography and interview project To Survive on This Shore. Our interpretive analyses suggest that TGNC older adults’ development and well-being are impacted by multiple levels of stigma, which are dynamic and unpredictable, resulting in constant awareness of a changing social environment. Individual level stigma is experienced as ongoing vigilance about aspects of oneself that break gender norms, which is also marked by self-imposed social isolation and fears about accessing older adult services. At the interpersonal level, TGNC older adults navigate unpredictable interpersonal relationships, which manifest as fluctuating levels of love, acceptance, strain, and exclusion. Structural stigma manifests in the awareness of stigmatizing policies and systems but also in the conscious action of TGNC older adults to resist these structures. TGNC older adults promote supportive structural responses to stigma to both improve conditions for younger generations while also reducing experiences of individual and interpersonal stigma for themselves.
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Logie, Carmen H., Lisa V. Dias, Jesse Jenkinson, Peter A. Newman, Rachel K. MacKenzie, Tampose Mothopeng, Veli Madau, Amelia Ranotsi, Winnie Nhlengethwa, and Stefan D. Baral. "Exploring the Potential of Participatory Theatre to Reduce Stigma and Promote Health Equity for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People in Swaziland and Lesotho." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118760682.
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Stigma and discrimination affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people compromise health and human rights and exacerbate the HIV epidemic. Scant research has explored effective LGBT stigma reduction strategies in low- and middle-income countries. We developed and pilot-tested a participatory theatre intervention (PTI) to reduce LGBT stigma in Swaziland and Lesotho, countries with the world’s highest HIV prevalence. We collected preliminary data from in-depth interviews with LGBT people in Lesotho and Swaziland to enhance understanding of LGBT stigma. Local LGBT and theatre groups worked with these data to create a 2-hour PTI composed of three skits on LGBT stigma in health care, family, and community settings in Swaziland (Manzini) and Lesotho (Maseru, Mapoteng). Participants ( n = 106; nursing students, health care providers, educators, community members) completed 12 focus groups following the PTI. We conducted thematic analysis to understand reactions to the PTI. Focus groups revealed the PTI increased understanding of LGBT persons and issues, increased empathy, and fostered self-reflection of personal biases. Increased understanding included enhanced awareness of the negative impacts of LGBT stigma, and of LGBT people’s lived experiences and issues. Participants discussed changes in attitude and perspective through self-reflection and learning. The format of the theatre performance was described as conducive to learning and preferred over more conventional educational methods. Findings indicate changed attitudes and awareness toward LGBT persons and issues following a PTI in Swaziland and Lesotho. Stigma reduction interventions may help mitigate barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and care in these settings with a high burden of HIV.
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Rose, Karen, and Ruth Palan Lopez. "THE IMPACT OF DEMENTIA STIGMA IN RECRUITING PARTICIPANTS INTO RESEARCH STUDIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S592—S593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2200.
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Abstract Despite efforts to increase awareness and education about Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, persons with dementia and their family caregivers experience stigma. Dementia related stigma is associated with negative repercussions for those with the disease and their family caregivers. In our prior work, we identified shame as a mechanism by which stigma is enacted and results in isolating and delaying access to supportive services for family caregivers. As such, stigma may influence decisions to participate in research studies. Healthcare providers, friends and family, and society, in general, play roles that further perpetuate stigma in dementia. Best practices from the literature, coupled with our experiences and findings in recruiting persons with dementia and their family caregivers in to research studies will be examined.
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Ngoc Yen, Le Hoang. "Leprosy, impurity, and stigma in Vietnam." Medicine Anthropology Theory 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17157/mat.7.2.5035.
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This Position Piece examines the nature of Vietnamese folk constructions of leprosy through Mary Douglas’s (1969) and Victor Turner’s (1967) works. Investigating Vietnamese explanations for the origins of leprosy and its channels of transmissions, symptoms, and consequences, I argue that these accounts are rooted in narratives of transition, transgression, the crossing of boundaries, and categorical confusion of various kinds. I argue that these deeply embedded perceptions of leprosy help to explain the existence of persistent stigma against leprosy in Vietnam, despite highly effective drug treatments and extensive state awareness programmes.
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Zhang, Qiwen, Jing Deng, Huanyue Luo, and Li Wang. "Senile dementia and psychiatric stigma among community health service providers and relatives of diagnosed and suspected dementia patients: a cross-sectional study." PeerJ 11 (January 11, 2023): e14613. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14613.
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Background The number of people suffering from dementia is increasing rapidly in China. Early identification, referral, and intervention for dementia patients within communities are important to public health. However, these measures could be impacted by misconceptions about dementia and associated psychiatric stigma from community health professionals and relatives of dementia patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 249 participants, which included community doctors, community nurses, and relatives of diagnosed and suspected dementia patients in Guiyang, China. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling. The Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) and the Perceived Psychiatric Stigma Scale (PPSS) were used to evaluate the participants’ knowledge of dementia and dementia-related psychiatric stigma. Results A total of 249 participants completed the questionnaire. The participants had moderate overall knowledge of dementia and the associated psychiatric stigma. Participants who were ≥45 years old, had a low level of education, had a low monthly income, or gained knowledge of dementia through non-media channels had lower awareness of dementia and stronger psychiatric stigma. In the “Communication & behavior” subscale of DKAS, all participants had a low level of awareness. Relatives of diagnosed and suspected dementia patients had higher total PPSS and “Marital preclusion” subscale scores than community doctors and nurses but lower psychiatric stigma based on the PPSS “Self-deprecation” subscale score. Conclusions Despite their profession, community doctors and nurses did not show an absolute advantage over relatives of diagnosed and suspected dementia patients in the dementia knowledge, and they even showed higher psychiatric stigma in some subscales. The self-deprecation subscale is related to the identification with negative labels such as “people with a mental illness are the weak”. This study shows that reducing stigma on the “Self-deprecation” subscale should be a core component of training and educational programs targeted at improving dementia knowledge among community health service providers.
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Evans-Lacko, Sara, Estelle Malcolm, Keon West, Diana Rose, Jillian London, Nicolas Rüsch, Kirsty Little, Claire Henderson, and Graham Thornicroft. "Influence of Time to Change's social marketing interventions on stigma in England 2009-2011." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, s55 (April 2013): s77—s88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126672.
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BackgroundEngland's Time To Change (TTC) social marketing campaign emphasised social contact between people with and without mental health problems to reduce stigma and discrimination.AimsWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of the mass media component and also that of the mass social contact events.MethodOnline interviews were performed before and after each burst of mass media social marketing to evaluate changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour and associations between campaign awareness and outcomes. Participants at social contact events were asked about the occurrence and quality of contact, attitudes, readiness to discuss mental health and intended behaviour towards people with mental health problems.ResultsPrompted campaign awareness was 38-64%. A longitudinal improvement was noted for one intended behaviour item but not for knowledge or attitudes. Campaign awareness was positively associated with greater knowledge (β = 0.80, 95% CI 0.52-1.08) and more favourable attitudes (commonality OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.70; dangerousness OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63) and intended behaviour (β = 0.75, 95% CI 0.53-0.96). Social contact at events demonstrated a positive impact (M=2.68) v. no contact (M = 2.42) on perceived attitude change; t(211)= 3.30, P=0.001. Contact quality predicted more positive attitude change (r=0.33, P<0.01) and greater confidence to challenge stigma (r=0.38, P<0.01).ConclusionsThe favourable short-term consequences of the social marketing campaign suggest that social contact can be used by anti-stigma programmes to reduce stigma.
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Hughes, Mary, and Fionnuala Edgar. "‘Beating the Lows in Later Life’: Evaluation of a mental health awareness raising campaign aimed at OAs." FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, no. 125 (January 2014): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2014.1.125.58.
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Prevalence rates for mental health difficulties among Older Adults (OAs) are high, with over a third experiencing symptoms of mental illness (Age Concern, 2007). Within Dumfries and Galloway OAs are under-represented, relative to working-age adults, in referrals to the psychology service. Under-referral has been suggested to arise as a consequence of direct and indirect stigma and ageist attitudes towards mental health problems in OAs. This study aimed to explore perceptions of OAs in relation to mental health stigma and barriers to treatment. We also aimed to evaluate the impact of a pilot local mental health awareness raising campaign: ‘Beating the Lows in Later Life’ on referral rates to Psychology and Guided Self-Help services. Surveys were made available in both an electronic and print format to community-dwelling OAs, via general practitioner (GP) surgery waiting rooms, public libraries and electronic distribution to members of two local branches of the University of the Third Age (U3A: a national organisation supporting life-long learning). Referral rates in the period following the awareness raising campaign (May-July 2013) were compared with those in the same period the previous year. Thirty-two respondents completed the survey. Despite no significant difference in referral rates following the campaign, respondents reported increased confidence in help-seeking and decreased perceptions of mental health stigma. Lack of awareness about services available, acceptance of anxiety/depression as normal, mobility issues and stigma were reported as being key barriers to treatment-seeking by OAs.
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Kwaning, Karen, Mitchell Wong, Kulwant Dosanjh, Christopher Biely, and Rebecca Dudovitz. "Correction: Gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): e0274987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274987.
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Boen, Randall, and Derek Ruiz. "Graduate Education in Rehabilitation Counseling and the Stigma of Mental Illness: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 52, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-20-00005.
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The Rehabilitation Counseling profession has foundations in disability awareness and acknowledges disability stigma as a barrier to full participation. Graduate-level rehabilitation counseling programs assist students with self-evaluation and examination of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Effective service providers are seen as having knowledge of how social attitudes play a part in issue of inclusion and full participation. Mental health is an area that has historically drew considerable attention. However, barriers to effective service delivery still persist and may include the stigma toward individuals with mental illness. Attitude formation and the implications of stigma will be provided in this conceptual article. This literature review will include an overview of factors that may contribute to stigmatizing reactions. Recommendations for graduate educational programs are discussed including best practices. These include creating a learning environment that focuses on student's awareness, knowledge, and skills surrounding issues that affect individuals with severe and persistent mental illness.
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Emqi, Zahrah Humaidah, and Nurul Hartini. "Pathways to Get Help: Help-Seeking on College Students with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 2136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i2.4489.
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This study aimed to identify and explore the aspects that encourage and inhibit students who do non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in seeking help. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach to determine participants' subjective experiences. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with students aged 20-21 who had done NSSI. The participant-checking technique carries out the method of strengthening the credibility of the data. The results of the interpretive phenomenological analysis identified five themes in the participants' experiences, including self-awareness, self-disclosure, mental health literacy, stigma, and social influence. Awareness of the problem, positive expectations of self-disclosure, and knowledge and belief in the availability of help can be the impetus for seeking help. These aspects interact with stigma and social influence, so the decision to seek help becomes complex. This study provides information about the importance of mental health literacy and strengthening in dealing with negative stigma about people with mental health problems.
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Pichon, Latrice C., Erin N. Jewell, Andrea Williams Stubbs, DeMarcus Jones, Bettina Campbell, Katrina M. Kimble, Gina M. Stewart, LaRonia Hurd-Sawyer, Lacretia Carroll, and Terrinieka W. Powell. "An Engaged Community of Faith to Decrease HIV Stigma in the U.S. South." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032100.
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Community members from a city in the U.S. Deep South identified root causes of HIV racial disparities, including stigma. This meeting report describes how we developed and implemented a conference series to address HIV stigma. We used community feedback and bidirectional learning to host two meetings in observance of National HIV Testing Day (June 2021) and National Southern HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (August 2021). We established a 10-member organizing committee workgroup that met monthly to plan the Faith Summit in honor of National Black HIV Awareness Day (February 2022). Lessons learned include (a) the effectiveness of different community engagement strategies, including participatory evaluative approaches, and (b) strategies to maintain engagement and increase participation, such as reliance on personal and professional networks and prompting the community about forthcoming interventions. Sustaining a conference series to end HIV stigma requires commitment and inclusive participation. This collaborative project offers additional evidence that faith communities can be a part of the solution to ending the HIV epidemic and related health disparities.
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Uttinger, M., C. Rapp, E. Studerus, K. Beck, and A. Riecher-Rössler. "Stigma in early detection of psychosis: Subjective experiences of those concerned." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.429.
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IntroductionDespite the large scientific debate concerning potentially stigmatizing effects of informing an individual about being in an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis, studies investigating this topic are rare and quantitative assessment of this kind of stigmatization does not exist so far.ObjectivesThis study presents first results regarding potentially helpful or stigmatizing effects of being informed about an ARMS assessed with a newly developed quantitative self-rating (FePsy-Stigma questionnaire).MethodsForty ARMS patients participating in the prospective Basel Early Detection of Psychosis (FePsy) study as well as patients clinically assessed in the early detection service of the Psychiatric Services of Solothurn, completed the FePsy-Stigma questionnaire during their follow-up assessments at least six months after they had been informed about their increased risk of developing psychosis. The questionnaire was constructed based on a previous qualitative study and on adapted versions of formerly used instruments for assessing stigma in mental health (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Personal Beliefs and Experiences Questionnaire).ResultsStigmatization appeared to be low overall except for social withdrawal due to suspected stigma. Stigma resistance, stereotype awareness and expected discrimination scored considerably higher than actually experienced discrimination, alienation and stereotype endorsement.ConclusionsThe results suggest that early detection services help individuals cope with symptoms and build certain resilience toward potential stigmatization, rather than enhancing or causing the latter. In line with previous studies, our results indicate that there is a considerable difference between expected and actually experienced discrimination as well as between stereotype awareness and stereotype endorsement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Woo, Julia, Anuja Bhalerao, Monica Bawor, Meha Bhatt, Brittany Dennis, Natalia Mouravska, Laura Zielinski, and Zainab Samaan. "“Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover”: A Qualitative Study of Methadone Patients’ Experiences of Stigma." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 11 (January 1, 2017): 117822181668508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221816685087.
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Introduction: Despite its efficacy and widespread use, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) continues to be widely stigmatized. Reducing the stigma surrounding MMT will help improve the accessibility, retention, and treatment outcomes in MMT. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 adults undergoing MMT. Thematic content analysis was used to identify overarching themes. Results: In total, 78% of participants reported having experienced stigma surrounding MMT. Common stereotypes associated with MMT patients included the following: methadone as a way to get high, incompetence, untrustworthiness, lack of willpower, and heroin junkies. Participants reported that stigma resulted in lower self-esteem; relationship conflicts; reluctance to initiate, access, or continue MMT; and distrust toward the health care system. Public awareness campaigns, education of health care workers, family therapy, and community meetings were cited as potential stigma-reduction strategies. Discussion and Conclusion: Stigma is a widespread and serious issue that adversely affects MMT patients’ quality of life and treatment. More efforts are needed to combat MMT-related stigma.
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Kalibatseva, Zornitsa, Molly S. Arnold, Kathleen E. Connelly, Marissa L. Marottoli, Julia Tominberg, Christine Ferri, and Nathan Morell. "Stigma towards Eating Disorders among Attendees and Non-Attendees of Outreach Events." International Journal of Psychological Studies 13, no. 2 (April 17, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v13n2p14.
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Eating disorders are among the most stigmatized psychological disorders. Individuals with eating disorders are often blamed for their disorder. Stigma acts as a significant barrier to treatment. Health promotion outreach programs can successfully change knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with disordered eating. The current study examined eating disorder stigma scores among attendees of Disordered Eating Awareness and Prevention week events at a public US university and compared their stigma scores to college students who did not attend the events. The study recruited 332 participants (n = 159 attendees, n = 173 non-attendees). Attendees completed a paper-and-pencil survey after each event and non-attendees participated in an online survey. The study found that participants who attended disordered eating outreach events reported lower stigma scores than those who did not attend. Furthermore, female gender and having a family member with an eating disorder was associated with lower stigma scores; however, having an eating disorder was not. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating stigma assessment in outreach programs and reducing stigma associated with eating disorders.
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Yu, Luodi, Sheri Stronach, and Ashley J. Harrison. "Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States." Autism 24, no. 6 (April 27, 2020): 1531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319900839.
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Autism spectrum disorder in China differs considerably from autism spectrum disorder in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities, and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of autism spectrum disorder awareness could be a key factor underlying the disparities. To date, there has been no evaluation of autism spectrum disorder knowledge among the general public of China. Using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire developed for use in diverse cultural contexts, this study uncovered profoundly different public views about autism spectrum disorder in China compared with the United States. Determined by cognitive diagnosis modeling, 86%–91% of the surveyed U.S. citizens ( N = 1127) achieved adequate autism spectrum disorder knowledge in diagnosis/symptoms, etiology, and treatment, whereas for the Chinese citizens ( N = 1254) the percentages were only 57%–65%. Moreover, 14% of the participants from the United States were classified to endorse autism spectrum disorder stigma; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese participants endorsed autism spectrum disorder stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed knowledge deficits primarily in the areas of autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, comorbid intellectual impairment, and prognosis. Sociodemographic factors associated with the Chinese citizen’s misconceptions included gender, ethnicity, social economic factors, among others. These results have important implications for increasing public awareness and promoting community participation for autistic individuals in China. Lay abstract ASD in China differs considerably from ASD in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of ASD awareness could be a key factor underlying these disparities. We asked 1127 U.S. citizens and 1254 Chinese citizens about their autism knowledge using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q).The results indicated profoundly different public views about ASD in China compared to the U.S. Specifically, only 57%-65% of the Chinese citizens demonstrated adequate ASD knowledge compared to 86%-91% in the U.S. citizens. Fourteen percent of the U.S. citizens were shown to hold stigma beliefs towards ASD; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese citizens indicated ASD stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed misconceptions about ASD related to symptoms, causes, and possible long-term outcomes. In China but not in the U.S., male citizens and citizens with lower social economic status were more likely to have misconceptions about ASD than others were. The findings of this research can help increase public awareness about ASD and create a more inclusive environment for autistic people in China.
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Amorim, Beatriz Yara Farias de, and Helena Eri Shimizu. "Stigma, caregivers and the child with Down syndrome: a bioethical analysis." Revista Bioética 30, no. 1 (March 2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422022301508en.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of parents of children with Down syndrome about social stigma and reflect on the theme in the light of bioethics. This study consists of the elaboration and validation of a measurement instrument whose pilot test had 106 participants. Results showed the stigma creates feelings of inferiority on those affected, causing social disadvantage, unemployment, decreased financial resources, non-acceptance, intolerance, social invisibility, less access to health services and worse quality of life. This generates negative effects on the parents’ health. It was concluded that stigma is present in society, so public policies that raise awareness among parents and guarantee their right to health are required. Despite being another element of illness, stigma should not be underestimated.
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Scott, Ian, Faye Barrow, and Serena Sharma. "Upon learning from the community: Surveying dementia awareness in South East Asian communities." FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, no. 133 (January 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2016.1.133.50.
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The Department of Health has highlighted the need to increase early diagnosis of dementia, increase the uptake of intervention following diagnosis, and reduce stigma of this debilitating condition (Department of Health, 2009). Further, previous authors have highlighted the need to deliver culturally tailored services (Giebel et al., 2014; Seabrooke & Milne, 2004). An opportunity arose to learn about the perspectives of dementia from a cross-section of the local Punjabi community who were attending a Dementia Information Group. Over a five-week programme, the authors conducted a short dementia survey to members of the local Punjabi community. Results indicate that respondents held some positive constructions of dementia and services, although some perspectives reflecting stigma and concerns about help-seeking were evident. Limitations of this study and recommendations for future research are briefly discussed.
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Underwood, Emily. "Mental health awareness: Resources for everyone." College & Research Libraries News 80, no. 10 (November 5, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.80.10.550.
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Approximately one in five adults (19.1%) experienced mental illness in 2018. In my opinion, one of the reasons that only 43.3% of those individuals received any kind of treatment or services is the stigma surrounding mental illness. As information professionals, we are uniquely positioned to assist patrons with finding the information and resources they need in order to learn what mental illness is, what it is not, discover that they are not alone, and find the best treatment for their situation. Everyone suffering from mental illness needs to know that there is hope for them and that they don’t need to suffer alone. When people feel that there is no hope of relief, their mental illness can become fatal through suicide.
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Shafik, Nardeen, Savana Deeb, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai, Pisittawoot Ayood, Rungnapa Malasao, Penprapa Siviroj, Patou Masika Musumari, and Michele M. Wood. "Awareness and Attitudes Toward HIV Self-Testing in Northern Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030852.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus self-testing (HIVST) was recently introduced in Thailand, but little is known about receptivity among its residents. Because Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing is a critical component of HIV prevention, it is important to understand how HIVST is perceived among potential users. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness and attitudes toward HIVST among adults in Northern Thailand. A convenience sample of 403 adult residents of the Sanpatong district, Chiang Mai Province, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire in 2019. Awareness of HIVST was low (14%), as was the overall HIVST negative attitude score (6.44; possible range of 0–14). The odds of being aware of HIVST were more than twice as high for those with more education compared to those with less (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.22–4.30), and roughly half as high for those who expressed HIV stigma compared to those who did not (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26–0.91). Holding negative attitudes towards HIVST also was associated with lower education and expressing HIV stigma, but these relationships disappeared in multivariate analysis. Findings may be used by local health organizations to tailor HIVST education efforts.
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Zhang, Fan, and Louisa Chung. "HIV/AIDS Awareness Among Young Adults in Hong Kong: The Roles of Knowledge, Acceptance and Stigma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147473.
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In the past decade, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection risk and the prevalence of infected cases in the younger generation have increased in Hong Kong. To promote HIV prevention and control, it is critical to understand the situation of HIV-related knowledge, stigma, and awareness among the younger adults, especially college students. 810 college students (mean age = 20.63 ± 2.05) have participated in the current survey. In mediation pathway analysis, the results show that participants’ greater knowledge about HIV is associated with higher awareness, and this relationship is partially mediated by the knowledge-related increase in accepting attitudes toward the people with HIV, but not via reducing stigma. Our findings provide an updated profile of HIV-related knowledge, attitude and awareness among college students in Hong Kong. In addition, we have clarified the mediating role of acceptance in the relationship between knowledge and awareness and pinpointed the importance of knowledge education and workshops to promote acceptance of people with HIV. Insights were provided for tailoring health-promotion programs to reduce risky sex and prevent HIV infection on college campuses.
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Rath, Jessica M., Siobhan N. Perks, Donna M. Vallone, Alexis A. Barton, Daniel K. Stephens, Bethany Simard, and Elizabeth C. Hair. "Educating Young Adults about Opioid Misuse: Evidence from a Mass Media Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010022.
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The US opioid epidemic is a serious public health problem. Rates of opioid misuse and dependence are highest for young adults ages 18–25. Prevention strategies that reduce prescription opioid misuse while decreasing stigma around dependence and treatment are critical components of addressing the epidemic. The Truth About Opioids, a mass media public education campaign, was designed to prevent opioid misuse and dependence among young adults. This study examined the intervention’s effectiveness to shift opioid-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs within targeted designated market areas (DMAs) over time. A sample of young adults (N = 1434) in DMAs with varying levels of media exposure was surveyed at baseline (June–September 2019) and post-intervention (July–August 2020). Logistic regression assessed associations between campaign awareness and campaign-targeted knowledge and attitudes, controlling for baseline variables. Those with any awareness had significantly higher odds of campaign-targeted opioid-related knowledge (versus no awareness) (low awareness OR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.24); high awareness OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.58, 3.87)). Those with campaign awareness were also more likely to report lower levels of opioid-related stigma and higher intentions to share information and talk to a friend about the epidemic. Mass media public education campaigns can help influence young adults’ opioid-related knowledge and attitudes.
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Park, Keunwoo, Lee MinHwa, and Mikyung Seo. "The impact of self-stigma on self-esteem among persons with different mental disorders." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 7-8 (August 2, 2019): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019867352.
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Background: This study assumes that just as public stigma differs depending on types of mental disorder, so too does self-stigma. Aims: This study aims to compare self-stigma among persons with schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder, and thereby analyze the effects of self-stigma on their self-esteem. Methods: A total of 321 Korean adults involved in community mental services for schizophrenia ( N = 116), alcohol use disorder ( N = 102) and gambling disorder ( N = 103) were surveyed ( Mage = 40.74, standard deviation ( SD) = 10.10, 83.8% male, 16.2% female). Participants were questioned on self-stigma and self-esteem. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the self-stigma by mental disorder type. Furthermore, in order to analyze the effects of self-stigma on self-esteem with subjects’ age and educational background controlled, hierarchical regression analysis was used. Results: The self-stigma of gambling disorder group was highest not only in overall self-stigma but also some of its subscales – alienation, stereotype endorsement and stigma resistance – followed by alcohol use disorder group and schizophrenia group. In all three groups, self-stigma had a negative effect on self-esteem, while stigma resistance of subscales was the most important predictor. In addition to stigma resistance, alienation was a predictor in the schizophrenia group, alienation and social withdrawal in the alcohol use disorder group and social withdrawal was a significant predictor in the gambling disorder group. Therefore, the predictors of self-esteem differed depending on the type of mental disorder. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest cognitive-behavioral intervention to raise subject awareness of the unjust social stigma and boost self-advocacy to resist the stigma.
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Antonopoulou, K., and M. Konstantinidis. "PARE0012 AWARENESS CAMPAING “LUPUS.GR 2020”." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1292.2–1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5853.
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Background:LUPUS GR 2020Objectives:To sensitize and educate the wide public about lupusTo contribute to the process of de-stigmatization as the rigid problem of prejudice and stigma prevails.Methods:The campaign “LUPUS GR 2020” consists of photographs, each of which has a different message for Lupus and 2 TV spots. The well know artists participated did not take any fee.The campaign consists of Press Announcements in digital and off digital media, in Social Media (Instagram - Twitter - Facebook), in Eleana Site and in YouTubePost of the artists in their personal social media pagesPress ConferenceDirect mail in international NGOs e.g. Lupus Europe, PAIN ALLIANCE EUROPE, AGORA PLATFORM, etc.Results:We announced the campaign on January 24, 2020. Until end of January, we have 36 press clipping, 3 TV interviews, more than 35.000 views of the post in our fb and increase of telephone calls in our help line about lupusConclusion:The campaign has a high impact in the wide public as well as in all the stakeholders.Figure:Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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González-Bernal, Jerónimo J., Leire Eiguren-Munitis, Josefa González-Santos, Mirian Santamaría-Peláez, Raúl Soto-Cámara, and Paula Rodríguez-Fernández. "Effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy Intervention in, with and from the Community in People with Disabilities in Azrou (Morocco)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115602.
Full textAbstract:
In Morocco, the social and environmental context influences the volition and development of meaningful activities, creating physical, personal and social barriers to the occupational performance of people with disabilities. This study develops a community Occupational Therapy program in order to verify its effectiveness in the volition, quality of life and perceived self-stigma of people with disabilities in the Moroccan city of Azrou, and to reduce the stigma of the community towards people with disabilities in the city. Data were collected from people with disabilities who participated in the program (N = 52), using the Volitional Questionnaire (VQ), The World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Stigma Awareness Questionnaire (SCQ) and an ad hoc interview. In addition, community stigma was assessed by the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) in citizens without disabilities (N = 42). Results confirmed that this intervention favors the inclusion of people with disabilities in their closest environment, improving volition and quality of life and reducing self-stigma. Furthermore, the community’s stigma towards people with disabilities was also significantly reduced after the intervention.