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Lunardi, Mariana dos Santos, Fábio Prá da Silva de Souza, João Carlos Xikota, Roger Walz, and Katia Lin. "Epilepsy perception amongst education professionals." Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology 18, no. 3 (2012): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-26492012000300003.
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INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder that may cause school failure due to several factors such as seizure severity, lack of information about the condition and stigma. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of perceived stigma and knowledge towards epilepsy among education professionals, and additionally, provide them correct information about epilepsy to reduce stigma through a training course. METHODS: Social and demographic data, as well as the degree of stigma were obtained through the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy. To estimate the level of educational professionals' knowledge about epilepsy we used the Questionnaire about Epilepsy. Statistical analysis consisted of Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests for numerical parametric or non-parametric variables were used to determine potential significant associations. A p <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-five education professionals were interviewed in three different cities in Southern Brazil. Approximately 65% of subjects would attempt to open the mouth of a student during a seizure and the stigma measured by Stigma Scale of Epilepsy before the course was 45.4±16.61. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that education professionals have partial knowledge about epilepsy and a short duration course would be able to improve it and reduce its stigma in this population.
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Utami, Wahyu. "Pengaruh Persepsi Stigma Sosial Dan Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Narapidana." Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/psi.v3i2.620.
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This study aims to determine the effect of social stigma perception and social support on psychological wellbeing on prisoners. perceptions of social stigma and social support as independent variables and psychological well-being of dependent variables. Subjects were 140 prisoners who underwent half of prisoners in prisons class II A kediri with age range 20 to 37 years. The random sampling technique is used as the subject taking method. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis and data collection using scale psychological well being scale (PWBS), perceived social stigmatization (STS) and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). The results showed that social stigma perception with psychological well-being had negative and significant influence with value (? = -.514, p = 0,000), social support gave influence to psychological welfare with value (? = 0.422, P = 0.000), perception social stigma and social support together have an influence on psychological well-being with value (F = 54,339, P = 0,000)
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Angermeyer, Matthias C., Herbert Matschinger, Mauro G. Carta, and Georg Schomerus. "Changes in the perception of mental illness stigma in Germany over the last two decades." European Psychiatry 29, no. 6 (August 2014): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.10.004.
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AbstractPurposeTo examine the evolution of the perception of the stigma attached to mental illness in Germany since 1990 up to the present.Subjects and methodsPopulation surveys were conducted in the old German States (former Federal Republic of Germany) in 1990, 2001, and 2011. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was assessed with the help of Link's perceived discrimination and devaluation scale.ResultsIn the 2011 survey, less mental illness stigma was perceived by respondents than in the previous surveys. In the eyes of the German public, the devaluation and rejection of people with mental illness has substantially decreased since 1990.DiscussionThe perception of a decline of the stigmatization is in contrast to the development of the German public's attitudes towards persons with mental disorders, which remained unchanged or even worsened.ConclusionPerceived and personal attitudes towards persons with mental illness have developed differently, and it remains to be seen whether perceptions of less public stigma will ultimately be followed by improved personal attitudes.
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Step, Mary M., Kristina Knight, Jennifer McMillen Smith, Steven A. Lewis, Theodore J. Russell, and Ann K. Avery. "Positive Peers Mobile Application Reduces Stigma Perception Among Young People Living With HIV." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839920936244.
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Background. The burden of HIV-related stigma is associated with disparities in linkage to HIV care and viral suppression. The Positive Peers smartphone application aims to provide young people living with HIV with a supportive virtual community to counteract perceived stigma and better manage their illness. Method. A mixed-methods study that included a prospective survey and in-depth interviewing was conducted with young adults living with HIV, aged 13 to 34 years (n = 128). As part of a larger study, participants used the Positive Peers mobile application and reported demographic data, perceived stigma, and other psychosocial variables at enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months (n = 128). Select participants (n = 15) described their experiences in audio-recorded qualitative interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed for potential themes and patterns. Results. A longitudinal multivariate model was developed to assess changes in stigma over the study period, overall, and with respect to participant characteristics. Baseline and 6-month stigma scores were higher for White and Other ethnicity persons relative to Black participants. At the 12-month time point, no statistical differences in stigma scores based on ethnicity were apparent. Interviews revealed Positive Peers as a nondiscriminatory community that offered a sense of belonging that appeared to have a restorative effect on negative self-image. Conclusions. Positive Peers provides a protected virtual space where young people living with HIV can converge in the common desire to support similar others. Mobile health applications that offer peer interaction may provide a persistent sense of belonging that neutralizes internalized stigmas in addition to benefits derived from application activity.
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Zhang, Ming, Yuqi Zhang, Zhihui Li, Li Hu, and Yazhuo Kong. "Sexism-Related Stigma Affects Pain Perception." Neural Plasticity 2021 (March 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612456.
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People with stigmatized characteristics tend to be devalued by others in a given society. The negative experiences related to stigma cause individuals to struggle as they would if they were in physical pain and bring various negative outcomes in the way that physical pain does. However, it is unclear whether stigma related to one’s identity would affect their perception of physical pain. To address this issue, using sexism-related paradigms, we found that females had reduced pain threshold/tolerance in the Cold Pressor Test (Experiment 1) and an increased rating for nociceptive laser stimuli with fixed intensity (Experiment 2). Additionally, we observed that there was a larger laser-evoked N1, an early laser-evoked P2, and a larger magnitude of low-frequency component in laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) in the stigma condition than in the control condition (Experiment 3). Our study provides behavioral and electrophysiological evidence that sexism-related stigma affects the pain perception of females.
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Fangerau, Heiner. "Krankheitszeichen und Stigma." WerkstattGeschichte 83, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zwg-2021-830104.
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Abstract Diagnostics - the recognition and naming of diseases - plays a key role in the contact between doctors and patients. In the nineteenth century, the diagnostic process underwent a central shift in both its theoretical conception and its practical implementation. The semiotics practiced until then, the »theory of signs«, which - with a prognostic orientation - primarily wanted to distinguish states of »health« and »sickness «, was replaced by diagnostics as a way of thinking in »disease patterns« and disease classifications. Symptoms as sensations became specific signs of illness through the interpretative work of the doctor. This article examines this historical change in sensory perception in diagnostics and asks how, in the late nineteenth century, sensory perceptions in medical diagnostics constituted body knowledge, social actions, and symbolic meaning in a given space and time. It is argued that, paradoxically, the claim to truth of a value-free medical diagnosis that was accomplished with certain senses and techniques did not lead to the dissolution of disease-related stigmatizing stereotypes, but on the contrary had the potential to turn diagnosis into an ineluctable verdict with social consequences.
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Dalky, Heyam F., Huda Gharaibeh, and Reem Faleh. "Psychosocial Burden and Stigma Perception of Jordanian Patients With Epilepsy." Clinical Nursing Research 28, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773817747172.
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Epilepsy requires long-term treatment that interferes with individuals’ social relationships. Because the effects of psychosocial burden and stigma perception on patients with epilepsy in Jordan have not been explored, the study assessed the relationship among psychosocial burden, stigma of epilepsy, and demographic variables. Subjects were adult patients with epilepsy ( N = 200) registered at hospital clinics. Two published instruments were used to measure outcomes. The participants in the study perceived the burden and stigma of epilepsy as moderate. A strong, positive correlation between psychosocial burden and stigma perception among participants was found. Stigma perception, employment, and education variables explained 31.6% of variation of the level of psychosocial burden. The results showed a relationship between stigma perception and psychosocial level, and this provides information that may assist health care providers in formulating strategic plans to improve the care, safety, and quality of life of patients with epilepsy in Jordan.
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Baptista, Makilim Nunes, and Cristian Zanon. "Why not Seek Therapy? The Role of Stigma and Psychological Symptoms in College Students." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 27, no. 67 (August 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272767201709.
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Abstract: The decision to seek therapy can reduce psychological distress and factors like public stigma, self stigma, fear of self exposure to therapist, among others, may constitute barriers in this process. This study investigated: how is the group of variables described in the literature as predictors of seeking therapy, and the relationship of variables associated with stigma and depressive symptoms, anxiogenic symptoms and stress with this search. For this purpose, 272 students responded scales that assessed these variables. The principal component analysis indicated four clusters of variables (symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; feelings of shame, inadequacy and inhibition; perception of benefits to seek therapy; self stigma and stigma by the others). These components are hierarchically inserted into the multiple regression, indicating that the symptoms have little importance compared to the attitude of seeking therapy and stigmas.
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Brooks, Thomas R., Stephen Reysen, and Iva Katzarska-Miller. "Romeo and Juliet: Perceptions of love of stigmatized relationships." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v11i2.266.
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We examined the connection between the perception of love and stigma in relationships and how much stigma needs to be present to elicit a heightened perception of love. Participants in the first study rated several relationships on the degree of stigma each one of them faced, and how much the individuals in each relationship loved each other—the perception of the Romeo and Juliet effect. In the second study, participants read a scenario of a male, gay relationship with various degree of stigma (none, one, two, or three sources), and rated how much the couple loved each other. The results suggest that there is a perception that the Romeo and Juliet effect exists, despite evidence that does not (Sinclair, Hood, & Wright, 2014). Individuals in relationships, which face stigma from multiple sources, are believed to love each other more than those with no stigma. Together, the results suggest that perceived stigma and love in a relationship are positively associated, which runs counter to better supported models of relationship satisfaction (Parks, Stan, & Eggert, 1983).
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Freidl, M., and M. Aigner. "Stigma perception and depression among patients suffering from chronic somatoform disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72241-6.
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IntroductionSeveral studies indicate a significant longitudinal comorbidity of depression and chronic pain. Also, perceived stigma is a barrier to recovery. This study wanted to evaluate the correlations.ObjectivesTo investigate to what degree chronic pain patients suffer from depression and stigma fears 132 (66% females) consecutive in- and out-patients with somatoform pain disorders who presented at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (MUV) were investigated using the Stigma Questionnaire by Link and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).AimsThe aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of 132 patients with the diagnosis somatoform pain disorder, toward mental illness stigma and the influence of depressive symptoms.MethodsThe BDI was employed for measuring of the severity of depression and the modified 12-item version of Links Stigma Questionnaire to evaluate stigma perception.ResultsThree third of the patients expect discrimination because of their psychiatric diagnosis and two third of the chronic pain patients also showed depressive symptoms. The overall results show a significant correlation between stigma perception and depressive symptoms.ConclusionFear of stigma increases with depressive symptoms and both are a risk for treatment delay. Goal of future research should be the question how to reduce depression and fear of stigma in order to help them enter psychiatric treatment early and gain self-confidence and mental health back again.
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Pérez-Miralles, Francisco, Daniel Prefasi, Antonio García-Merino, José R. Ara, Guillermo Izquierdo, Virginia Meca-Lallana, Francisco Gascón, et al. "Perception of stigma in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 205521731985271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055217319852717.
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Stigma associated with neurological disorders may contribute to a poor health-related quality of life. However, limited information is available in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. We investigated the presence and impact of stigma in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. A non-interventional, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 55 primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients were studied (mean age 55.8±9.5 years, 56.4% male). The median Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 5.5 (4.0–6.5). Stigma prevalence was 78.2% ( n=43). Twenty-four patients (43.6%) were classified as depressed. Scores on the eight-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness correlated with physical (rho=0.464, p<0.001) and psychological (rho=0.358, p=0.007) 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale subscores. Stigma predicted concurrent depression (odds ratio=1.13; p=0.046). Stigma was highly prevalent with a detrimental effect on quality of life and mood in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Choudhury, Sayeda Najia, Prem Chopra, and Harry Minas. "Culture, perception of mental illness and stigma." Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (March 2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5872.2011.00104.x.
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Romano, Eugenia, Ashleigh Haynes, and Eric Robinson. "Weight Perception, Weight Stigma Concerns, and Overeating." Obesity 26, no. 8 (June 28, 2018): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22224.
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Ertugrul, Aygun, and Berna Ulug. "Perception of stigma among patients with schizophrenia." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0697-9.
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Peluso, Érica de Toledo Piza, and Sérgio Luís Blay. "Public perception of alcohol dependence." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 30, no. 1 (March 2008): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462008000100004.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe how the population of the city of São Paulo identifies alcohol dependence, which causes they attribute to this disorder and what is reported regarding stigma perception, risk of violence and emotional reactions. METHOD: Cross sectional study involving a probabilistic sample of 500 individuals in São Paulo aged 18 to 65 years. A structured questionnaire was used and started with a vignette describing an individual with alcohol dependence according to the DSM-IV and ICD-10, followed by a questionnaire divided into various sections examining the causes, stigma, risk of violence and emotional reactions to the case presented in the vignette. RESULTS: Less than 20% of the subjects reported to believe this was a mental illness. The causes considered most relevant were psychosocial ones, followed by moral causes. Alcohol dependence was associated with a high risk of violence and stigma by the part of others. In contrast, reactions declared by the subjects about their probable attitude were mostly positive. CONCLUSION: Alcohol dependence is seen as a psychosocial and moral problem. Negative images predominate regarding individuals with this disorder.
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Nascimento, Teresa Maria, and Mauro Bianchi. "Does TB stigma affect emotion recognition? A study with a Portuguese sample." PSICOLOGIA 35, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.v35i1.1587.
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TB stigma constitutes a major barrier to disease control and social distress. This study aims to understand better the inherent social processes on the perception of emotions. Thus far, the specific role of TB stigma in this respect was not tested. We hypothesize that individuals in TB treatment (vs. a control non-clinical group) would identify more negative emotions in the faces of others, specifically rejecting emotions (e.g., disgust) when preoccupied with TB stigma. Two groups of participants completed a questionnaire with 23 faces, identified the emotions portrayed in the pictures, and reported their level of Stigma Consciousness, Interpersonal-Rejection Related to Stigma, and Rejection Sensitivity. Results show that the two groups significantly differ in their perceptions of negative emotions: participants in treatment identify less disgust and more sadness, fear, and anger versus the control group. Findings are discussed concerning the literature on stigma and its consequences.
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Gove, Dianne, Neil Small, Murna Downs, and Myrra Vernooij-Dassen. "General practitioners’ perceptions of the stigma of dementia and the role of reciprocity." Dementia 16, no. 7 (January 11, 2016): 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215625657.
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A qualitative exploration of the stigma of dementia reported that general practitioners described lack of reciprocity as one way in which people with dementia are perceived within society. This was closely linked to their perception of dementia as a stigma. In this article, we explore whether general practitioners perceive people with dementia as lacking reciprocity and, if so, if this is linked with societal opinions about dementia as a stigma. The implications of both perceptions of people with dementia failing to reciprocate and of stigma for timely diagnosis are explored. Our approach is to follow the thread of reciprocity in the data from our initial study. In this follow-up study, general practitioners’ perceptions of societal views of people with dementia included a perception of a lack of reciprocity specifically linked with; failing to respond to human contact, the absence of an appropriate return on social investment and failing to contribute to, or being a burden on, society. General practitioners reported a link between societal perceptions of lack of reciprocity and stereotypes about advanced dementia, difficulties communicating with people with dementia, and lack of opportunities for people with dementia to reciprocate. General practitioners occupy a key position, they can challenge stereotypes and, with support and targeted training about communicating with people living with dementia, can emphasize the ways in which people with dementia can communicate, thereby enhancing their potential to reciprocate. Such changes have implications for improved care and quality of life through the continued maintenance of social inclusion and perceptions of personhood.
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Safitri K, Zulfa, Amirudin Amirudin, and Ani Margawati. "Women Living with HIV/AIDS and Social Stigma in Semarang." Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi 2, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/endogami.2.2.131-136.
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The issue of social stigma for PLWHA (People with HIV/AIDS) is still being a serious problem. On the other hand, it contributes to HIV/AIDS cases that have not been detected and have not been gotten special treatment yet. Social stigma, discrimination, exclusion in social life are still being a creepy consequence, especially for women living with HIV Aids. The pressure of social stigma is very influential on the perception of women living with HIV Aids, both married and unmarried to the diseases suffered. This study would like to analyze the perceptions of women living with HIV who face the social stigma that affects health behavior.The method of the study is a qualitative method with the life history approach. The techniques of collecting data are an in-depth interview, participant observation, and literature study. The informants of the study are two women living with HIV Aids already married and unmarried that assisted by Rumah Aira Semarang. The result of the study shows that PLWHA have negative perceptions related to social stigma however they try to resist the stigma so that affecting knowledge and health behavior.
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Wang, Jin Yong. "Service users’ personal experience and interpretation of mental illness: Oriental narratives." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 58, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764011408000.
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Background: Service users’ perception of mental illness is vital because it points out a viable direction that practitioners can follow to fully understand service users in their own sociocultural context. Material: Qualitative research findings include mental health service users’ roles and identities, their perceptions of mental illness and their personal experiences of psychiatric stigma. Discussion: While there are similar phenomena regarding mental illness stigma between East and West, there are culturally distinctive characteristics found in Taiwan. Conclusions: Based on personal perceptions and experiences, mental health service users have interpreted illness and performed the patient role in their own way.
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Maffoni, Marina, Anna Giardini, Antonia Pierobon, Davide Ferrazzoli, and Giuseppe Frazzitta. "Stigma Experienced by Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Descriptive Review of Qualitative Studies." Parkinson's Disease 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7203259.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Both of them imply a negative impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. A significant one is the stigma experienced by the parkinsonian patients and their caregivers. Moreover, stigma may affect everyday life and patient’s subjective and relational perception and it may lead to frustration and isolation. Aim of the present work is to qualitatively describe the stigma of PD patients stemming from literature review, in order to catch the subjective experience and the meaning of the stigma construct. Literature review was performed on PubMed database and Google Scholar (keywords: Parkinson Disease, qualitative, stigma, social problem, isolation, discrimination) and was restricted to qualitative data: 14 articles were identified to be suitable to the aim of the present overview. Results are divided into four core constructs: stigma arising from symptoms, stigma linked to relational and communication problems, social stigma arising from sharing perceptions, and caregiver’s stigma. The principal relations to these constructs are deeply analyzed and described subjectively through patients’ and caregiver’s point of view. The qualitative research may allow a better understanding of a subjective symptom such as stigma in parkinsonian patients from an intercultural and a social point of view.
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Ramanathan, Parthasarathi, Ram Prabhakar, and Velmurugan Anbu Ananthan. "Perception of social stigma among patients attending a filariasis morbidity control clinic in South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 4604. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204452.
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Background: The psychological and social stigma associated with lymphatic filariasis can adversely affect productivity and quality of life. This study was carried out to assess the perception of social stigma among patients with lymphatic filariasis.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done on 30 subjects with lymphatic filariasis who attended a filariasis morbidity control clinic in Tamil Nadu. Data was collected using a locally adopted, pilot tested interviewer administered questionnaire derived from explanatory model interview catalogue community stigma scale (EMIC-CSS). Patients were categorized into none, mild, moderate and severe levels of social stigma based on their responses for questions related to stigma assessment. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info. Quantitative variables were presented as mean with standard deviation. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency with proportion. Results: Majority of the study subjects were males (60%), Hindu by religion (73.3%) and belonged to nuclear family (73.3%). The mean age (±SD) was 47 (±10.9) years. 66.7% of subjects were aged between 46-50 years. Majority (60%) of subjects had mild stigma. 13% had moderate while 3% had severe stigma. 23% of subjects had no stigma. Conclusions: 87% of this study subjects had perceived the social stigma towards lymphatic filariasis. Hence, apart from prevention and treatment measures for filariasis, importance has to be given in context of reducing social stigma towards the disease.
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Shrestha, Ankisha, Ram Chandra Sinha, and Aalia Ahmad. "Knowledge, Acceptability, Perception and Stigmas on Safe Abortion among the women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) in Bhaktapur District." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 20, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v20i2.37426.
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Introduction: The termination of pregnancy by the removal of a foetus or an embryo before surviving outside the uterus or before attaining its viability is called abortion. This study was conducted to study the knowledge, acceptability, perception and stigma of safe abortion among women of reproductive age group.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Bhaktapur District, Nepal from July 2019 to December 2019. Women of reproductive age group were included in the study. The semi-structured questionnaires were used as a data collection tool and Likert scales were used for perception and stigma which were self-designed. For Likert scale on perception and stigma, Cronbach’s α was calculated from the pre-tested samples which was found to be acceptable i.e., 0.649 and 0.856. Interview was taken as data collection technique. Data-entry was done in Epi-Data and analysed through SPSS 16.0. Chi square test was used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables.
Result: The association between “Knowledge and Perception” was found to be significant with p-value of 0.04, the association between “Knowledge and Stigma” was also noted to be significant with p-value of 0.00 and “Knowledge and Acceptability” was also found to be significant with p-value of 0.00 through the assessment of knowledge, acceptability, perception and stigma.
Conclusions: The study emphasises on educating and making aware every woman on safe abortion, its legalisation and its amended law to avoid the stigma and unsafe abortion practices.
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Wiltshaw, D. G. "Stigma, perception and the remediation of contaminated land." Journal of Property Research 15, no. 4 (January 1998): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095999198368301.
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Schmitt, Andrea, and Peter Falkai. "Comorbidity, stigma and emotional perception in psychiatric disorders." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 264, no. 1 (December 27, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-013-0478-0.
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Anonymous. "Perception of Stigma Affects Course of Depression Treatment." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 39, no. 6 (June 2001): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20010601-06.
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Algarin, Angel B., Cho Hee Shrader, Benjamin T. Hackworth, Nelson Varas-Diaz, Kristopher P. Fennie, Diana M. Sheehan, and Gladys E. Ibañez. "Development and Validation of the Community PrEP-Related Stigma Scale (Community-PSS)." AIDS Education and Prevention 33, no. 2 (April 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2021.33.2.120.
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Despite increasing availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), HIV prevention efforts have stalled. It is important to study potential barriers to HIV prevention methods, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis stigma. This study aims to develop and validate the Community PrEP-related Stigma Scale (Community-PSS) to address gaps in the literature. Participants were 108 sexual and gender minority men recruited through virtual and community-posted advertisements in Florida. The authors assessed reliability using Cronbach's alpha analysis, determined scale components using principal component analysis, and assessed construct validity based on five a priori hypotheses. The scale had high internal consistency (α = 0.86) and four components (stigma of actions outside of sex, stigma of sexual actions, extreme stigma perceptions, and positive community perception). The Community-PSS was valid, supporting four out of five hypotheses and in the expected directions. The Community-PSS was a valid and reliable tool in the sample and correlates with a previously validated PrEP stigma scale, HIV knowledge, PrEP knowledge, and likelihood of condom use with a partner on PrEP.
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Sandu, Mihaela Luminita, Mihaela Rus, Tanase Tasente, and Djellouli Zine. "Social perception on mental illness." Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (March 21, 2020): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.280.
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Psychiatric disorders are among the top of the conditions that cause disability worldwide and attract one of the highest levels of stigmatization in today's society, which has a strong impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from these conditions. In Romania, mental health develops more difficult than the other medical and social sciences due not to the lack of professionals or lack of interest of the scientific community, but because it still carries the stigma of "madness". This stigma gives him a gloomy aura and over time has led to profound prejudices related to both the beneficiaries of mental health services and their specialists. Many people who need or want to call for services in the field of mental health, refuse or fear to appeal to specialists for fear of stigma and prejudice. Due to these prejudices, the society is reluctant to integrate people who have suffered from a mental illness, they are often stigmatized and rejected by others, being viewed with suspicion due in particular to the unpredictability of its potentially antisocial behaviors and actions. The reason that justifies this research is that by determining the way in which psychic patients are perceived, the interest with which the society relates to their problems is highlighted. The results obtained have a practical involvement in the sense that it demonstrates the necessity and usefulness of informing the general population about mental illness. By correct information it is envisaged to change the attitude towards the illness and the mentally ill, thus preventing their stigmatization and discrimination.
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Fernandes, Paula T., Ana Lúcia A. Noronha, Josemir W. Sander, and Li M. Li. "Stigma scale of epilepsy: the perception of epilepsy stigma in different cities in Brazil." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 3a (September 2008): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000400006.
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PURPOSE: To assess the perception of epilepsy stigma in different regions of Brazil. METHOD: The Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE) questionnaire was applied to people in different Brazilian urban settings. The survey was performed on individual basis; an interviewer read the questions to the subjects and wrote down the answers. The same procedure was applied to all the subjects and took around 10 minutes. RESULTS: 266 questionnaires were completed in four different towns of Brazil (Curitiba=83; São Paulo=47; Vila Velha=79; Ipatinga=57). The overall stigma score was 49.7 (median). Different scores were obtained in each locality. Vila Velha=42; Curitiba=49; São Paulo=52; Ipatinga=54 (ANOVA [2.262]=3.82; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed differences in the perception of stigma, which may depend on cultural and regional aspects. The concept of stigma has cultural perspectives, depending on the region and the context where each person lives. The understanding of this aspect of epilepsy is important to promote better de-stigmatization campaigns, considering the cultural and social differences.
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Ali, Syed Mustafa, Naveed Anjum, Muhammad Ishaq, Farah Naureen, Arif Noor, Aamna Rashid, Syed Muslim Abbas, and Kerry Viney. "Community Knowledge about Tuberculosis and Perception about Tuberculosis-Associated Stigma in Pakistan." Societies 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9010009.
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Tuberculosis- (TB) associated stigma is a well-documented phenomenon with various factors, both individual and societal, manifesting its role in shaping health-seeking behavior and contributing to suboptimal TB care in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess TB-related knowledge and perceived stigma among community members. This was a cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample of 183 individuals recruited between October and December 2017. A validated stigma measurement tool developed by Van Rie et al. was adapted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. A clear majority was aware that TB is curable disease and that it is transmitted by coughing. However, respondents also thought that TB spread through contaminated food, sharing meals, sharing utensils, and by having sexual intercourse with a TB patient. In addition, females, unemployed, and persons having less than six years of education were also more likely to associate stigma with TB. We found an association between the lack of knowledge about TB and perceived stigma. This study highlights the need for improved TB-related education among communities.
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Krupa, Terry, Judith Sabetti, and Rosemary Lysaght. "How work integration social enterprises impact the stigma of mental illness." Social Enterprise Journal 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-12-2018-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of the present study was to advance a theoretical understanding of the mechanisms by which WISEs can influence the stigma associated with mental illness. Many people with serious mental illnesses want to work, but despite much attention to work entry strategies, unemployment rates remain exceptionally high among this population. Stigma has been identified as a particularly pernicious barrier to the full community participation of people with mental illnesses. If work integration social enterprises (WISE) are to positively impact the full community participation of people with mental illnesses, then addressing stigma will be integral to their operation. Design/methodology/approach A comparative case study approach was used to address the following research questions: “How is the stigma of mental illness experienced in the everyday operations of WISE?” and “What influence do WISEs have on the stigma of mental illness within the workplace and beyond?” Five established WISEs that pay workers at minimum wage or better were selected for inclusion. The maximum variation sample included WISEs that varied in terms of geographical location, form of commerce, business size, revenues and degree of connection with mental health systems and local communities. Data analysis was conducted in four stages using qualitative methods. Findings The study findings suggest processes by which WISEs can positively impact the stigma of mental illness. Three social processes are associated with the potential of WISE to contribute to stigma reduction: perception of legitimacy, perception of value and perception of competence. Each of these social processes is fueled by underlying tensions in practice that arise in the context of negotiating the dual goals of the business. Research limitations/implications This study advances theoretical understanding of the ways in which stigma may be perpetuated or reduced in WISE by revealing the social processes and practice tensions that may be associated with operation choices made by WISEs and their partners. Further research would be required to determine if the processes described actually lead to reduced stigma. Although efforts were made to select WISEs that demonstrate a variety of features, it is likely that some important features were absent. Additional research could further explore the findings identified here with WISEs from other sectors, including youth and workers with transient or less severe forms of illness. This work should be replicated internationally to explore how contextual factors may influence individual and public perceptions. Practical implications The findings provide guidance for WISE developers in the mental health sector concerning strategies that may help mitigate the development of stigmatizing features within a social enterprise and by extension improve the work experience and workforce integration of employees. The identification of these processes and tensions can be used to advance the development of consensus principles and standards in the WISE field and contribute to ongoing evaluation and research. Social implications WISEs have the potential to reduce stigma, an important goal to support their efforts to improve employment and integration outcomes for people with mental illnesses. Through their business structures and operations they may be able to impact stigma by positively influencing perceptions of legitimacy, value and competence – all issues that have been associated with public assumptions about mental illness that sustain stigma. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to specifically focus on stigma in the WISE sector, particularly as it relates to the work integration of persons with mental illnesses. The findings provide a range of theoretical and practical implications for future development in the field and highlight factors that merit consideration more broadly in the sector.
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Pandey, Srijana. "Perception of Stigma among Caregivers of Mentally Ill People." Nepal Medical College Journal 21, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v21i3.26454.
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The lives of people with mental illness are altered by the symptoms of the illness, attitudes of people that view symptoms as threatening and uncomfortable, which foster stigma and discrimination within social circles. The catch of the study was to assess the stigmatizing beliefs among Caregivers of persons with mental illness. A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted with purposive sampling technique among 50 caregivers with interview method of mental illness patient with purposive sampling technique at Nepal Medical College teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal in Oct 2017- Nov 2017. The study revealed that the most of caregivers (62%) feel burdened financially, and about 64% think that people with mental illness are dangerous. Most of the caregivers (70%) think that the mentally ill people are violent. More than half (54%) of the caregivers think voluntary organizations are not doing adequate work in the field of mental health and 72%feel health organizations are giving less priority to mental illness as compared to other disorder. Most of the caregivers (66%) think that their occupational life has been interfered by the family member’s illness, and 56% don’t think that there are adequate law or rules regarding mental illness. In conclusion, care givers experience stigma such as concealment, negative experience, emotional stigma as well as work related stigma which affects the health and recovery of mentally ill persons. Compliance to medicine was poor and relapse rate was high which also have impact on the life of caregiver.
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De los Santos, Janet Alexis. "Healthcare Workers Attitude and Stigma among People living withHIV/AIDS (PLHA): A Literature Review." Journal of Health and Caring Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37719/jhcs.2020.v2i2.ra001.
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Background: The concept of stigma and discrimination discussed in literature illuminate patient's experiences in the hands of health care providers. The review aims to assess the existing literature published in internet databases focusing on the personal perception of stigma and discrimination of health care workers as well as the patient's perception of their attitudes that may be stigmatizing and discriminatory.
Methodology: A web-based search was done in the three (3) databases including EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search utilized five keywords: 'Stigma'; 'Discrimination', 'Perception', HIV/AIDS,' and 'Nurses.' Inclusion criteria includes full-text, peer-reviewed, academic journal in the English language, and published between the years 2013-2018. The studies were screened according to their relevance to the objectives of the study. The quantitative and qualitative checklist of the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers and Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction protocols were utilized by two interrater in the analysis of the literature. The extracted data were synthesized using a table highlighting the key findings of the studies.
Results: A total of fourteen (14) titles were included in the review after evaluating its relevance to the objective and appraising its high quality. Content analysis was done and resulted in the formulation of four themes which include: (1) General Characteristics of the Literature (2) HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination as perceived by health care providers; (3) Perception of health providers' attitude among HIV infected persons; and, (4) the consequences of HIV/AIDS stigma.
Conclusion: The issue of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination is a significant component that affects patient - care provider interaction. Health care providers understand the role they play in improving the lives of their PLHA patients. Likewise, patients perceive that stigma is existent and tangible in health care facilities. HIV/AIDS stigma is a barrier between the patient and the health care team and can lead to the detriment of the patient's health outcomes and satisfaction.
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Silva, Rafael D. de C., Saulo G. C. Albuquerque, Artur de V. Muniz, Pedro P. Rebouças Filho, Sidarta Ribeiro, Plácido Rogerio Pinheiro, and Victor Hugo C. Albuquerque. "Reducing the Schizophrenia Stigma: A New Approach Based on Augmented Reality." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2721846.
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Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease that usually manifests psychotic symptoms and affects an individual’s functionality. The stigma related to this disease is a serious obstacle for an adequate approach to its treatment. Stigma can, for example, delay the start of treatment, and it creates difficulties in interpersonal and professional relationships. This work proposes a new tool based on augmented reality to reduce the stigma related to schizophrenia. The tool is capable of simulating the psychotic symptoms typical of schizophrenia and simulates sense perception changes in order to create an immersive experience capable of generating pathological experiences of a patient with schizophrenia. The integration into the proposed environment occurs through immersion glasses and an embedded camera. Audio and visual effects can also be applied in real time. To validate the proposed environment, medical students experienced the virtual environment and then answered three questionnaires to assess (i) stigmas related to schizophrenia, (ii) the efficiency and effectiveness of the tool, and, finally (iii) stigma after simulation. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that the proposed model is a robust tool and quite realistic and, thus, very promising in reducing stigma associated with schizophrenia by instilling in the observer a greater comprehension of any person during an schizophrenic outbreak, whether a patient or a family member.
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Mulrooney, Hilda. "Framing obesity: disease status, language and stigma." Practice Nursing 30, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2019.30.9.448.
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The way that health professionals talk about conditions is crucial to patient-centred care. Hilda Mulrooney explains how obesity is a condition that is often framed in negative language that needs to be changed in order to improve healthcare quality in primary care The language and images used to describe those living with obesity are often stigmatising. They can contribute to the perception that those with obesity are responsible for their own condition. Much of the rhetoric around excess weight emphasises actions that individuals can take. This ignores the complexity of how weight is gained and retained, and the roles of genetics and environmental factors. In the UK, those advocating for obesity to be recognised as a disease suggest that this may reduce levels of weight-related stigma. The use of non-stigmatising images and people-first language are recommended to help change perceptions of blame around obesity.
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Fuster-RuizdeApodaca, Maria J., Fernando Molero, and Silvia Ubillos. "Evaluación de una intervención dirigida a reducir el impacto del estigma en las personas con VIH capacitándolas para afrontarlo." Anales de Psicología 32, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.192121.
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The goal of this study was to assess an intervention program to reduce the impact of stigma on people with HIV and to enable them to cope with it. A quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group and pre-and posttest was used. Participants were 221 people with HIV. of whom 164 received the intervention and 56 made up the non-equivalent control groups. The dependent variables were perception of stigma -enacted and internalized-, self-esteem, perception of self-efficacy, strategies used to cope with stigma -primary control, secondary control, and avoidance- and quality of life. Analysis of variance (MANOVAS and ANOVAS) was conducted to determine pretest differences and differential scores in both groups, and analysis of covariance (MANCOVAS and ANCOVAS) was performed to assess the efficacy of the program. The results showed reduction of perceived stigma and avoidance strategies and an increase in perceived self-efficacy to cope with stigma, disposition to use approach strategies, self-esteem, and quality of life. These results indicate that is possible to train people with HIV to cope with stigma.
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Venkatesh, BhumikaT, Teddy Andrews, SreemathiS Mayya, MannatM Singh, and ShradhaS Parsekar. "Perception of stigma toward mental illness in South India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 4, no. 3 (2015): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.161352.
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K Bekhet, Abir, Carolyn J Murrock, Qiyan Mu, and Harpreet Singh-Gill. "Nursing Students’ Perception of the Stigma of Mental Illness." SM Journal of Nursing 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36876/smjn.1013.
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Franklin, Deeanna. "Perception of Mental Illness Stigma Varies With Age, Gender." Family Practice News 35, no. 7 (April 2005): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(05)70298-x.
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Krendl, A. C., and G. Wolford. "Cognitive Decline and Older Adults' Perception of Stigma Controllability." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 68, no. 3 (October 4, 2012): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs070.
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Berek, Pius A. L., Maria Dominggas Taus, Maria Huring, and Christina Anugrahini. "STUDENT PERCEPTION ABOUT HIV / AIDS WITH THE STIGMATIZATION OF PLWHA." Jurnal Sahabat Keperawatan 2, no. 01 (February 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jsk.v2i01.399.
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Cases of HIV / AIDS until now is increasing and has not found a cure. Listed as one of the most deadly diseases. The cause of this disease because of sex is not healthy, drug users using needles infected with HIV / AIDS, blood transfusions, babies born to positive mothers infected with HIV / AIDS. Their underlying cause of the disease is that there are some people who have a negative perception so that they will give a stigma for people living with HIV. It also extended to the campus community. This study Aimed to identify the relationship between the student persespsi with stigmatization of PLWHA. The approach used is quantitative approach with cross sectional study design. Reviews These samples included 236 students. Data analysis using chi square. Based on test results Obtained statistical value of p = 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between students' perceptions about HIV / AIDS with the stigmatization of PLWHA. From the results Obtained by analysis of the value OR = 5.844, it means that students who have positive perceptions about HIV / AIDS have the opportunity to give 5,844 times stigmatization for people living with HIV than students who have a negative perception. Suggestion: it is Necessary to access the latest information on HIV / AIDS in order to Broaden so as to change the wrong perceptions about HIV / AIDS so that no stigma for people living with HIV
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Ta, Thi Minh Tam, Aron Zieger, Georg Schomerus, Tien Duc Cao, Michael Dettling, Xuan Tinh Do, Aditya Mungee, Albert Diefenbacher, Matthias C. Angermeyer, and Eric Hahn. "Influence of urbanity on perception of mental illness stigma: a population based study in urban and rural Hanoi, Vietnam." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 62, no. 8 (October 6, 2016): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016670430.
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Background and Aims: To examine, for the first time in Vietnam, whether urbanity of respondents among other socio-demographic factors affects the public perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness in Hanoi. Methods: A general population-based survey was carried out in 2013 in the greater Hanoi area. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was elicited using Link’s perceived discrimination and devaluation scale (PDDS) carried out in Vietnamese language. The survey sample ( n = 806) was stratified for gender, urban/rural location, age, household size and marital status, in accordance with the 2013 Vietnamese census. Results: Comparing the total score of the PDDS and its single items, we found less perceived stigma and discrimination among the rural population of Hanoi and in respondents who reported religious attainment to either Buddhism or Christianity. Logistic regression analyses found no significant influences of gender, age, household size or marital status regarding the perceived stigma toward persons with mental illness. Conclusion: Less negative perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness that was observed among the rural population in the Hanoi area may be interpreted in the light of possibly more demanding living conditions in modern urban Vietnam with less opportunities for mentally ill patients and points toward a dynamic interaction with rapidly changing living conditions in Asian megacities.
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Astutik, Erni, and Dwi Gayatri. "Perceived Stigma in People Affected by Leprosy in Leprosy Village of Sinatala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 12, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v12i4.1756.
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Leprosy is a disease of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) which becomes a global problem and causes the perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy. This study aimed to determine most dominant factors affecting perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The data used was secondary data taken from cross-sectional survey of a thesis which determined factors related to perceived stigma of leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang, Indonesia. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that factors related to perceived stigma were level of education, perception of knowledge about leprosy, level of disability, and cultural values. There was modification effect between the level of disability and perception of knowledge about leprosy, OR1=4.82 (95% CI 1.26-18,34) and OR2=1.18 (95% CI 0.2-6.98). The dominant factor is level of education with PAR% = 38.8%.
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Qonitatillah, Jihan, Samsriyaningsih Handayani, Ernawati Ernawati, and Musofa Rusli. "LOWER PERCEIVED-STIGMATIZATION BY HEALTH WORKERS AMONG HIV-AIDS PATIENTS OF KEY POPULATION BACKGROUNDS." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i2.15425.
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The stigma of people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) by health workers may have a broad impact, so it is necessary to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of stigma. Identification of factors that cause a decrease in stigmatization by health workers will have an impact on improving the quality of life of people with HIV, increasing compliance with medication, and ultimately reducing the incidence of HIV infection itself. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to PLWHA’s perception of stigma among health workers in the community health center. This research applied a cross-sectional design using interviews. Ninety-four patients from the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, a tertiary level hospital, were interviewed. The stigma perception was assessed using a questionnaire modified from the Standardized Brief Questionnaire by Health Policy Project with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.786. The data were simultaneously analyzed with binary multiple regressions on IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows software. There were 30 out of 94 patients with key population backgrounds, and most population was injecting drug users (IDUs) and female sex workers (FSWs). PLWHA perceived most stigmatized community health workers when they drew blood, provided care, and considered they were involved in irresponsible behavior. There were relationships between age(p=0.008), marital status(p=0.013), and the history of key population (p=0.006)to people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA)’s perception of stigma among health workers in East Java community health center. Future research on factors influencing HIV-related stigma is needed to improve patients’ quality of life.
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MUTISO, MOSES MUTUA, ERIC MASESE, and JAMIN MASINDE. "SEX WORKERS LIVED EXPERIENCES OF STIGMA IN NAIROBI, KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (July 26, 2020): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.7348.
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Since immemorial sex work has been viewed as immoral in the society that we live in. This has made those who practise it to experience something traumatic in their life. Although sex work has been viewed by sex workers as a livelihood still the negative connotation associated with it has never faded. Similarly, studies on the stigma surrounding sex work industry are well documented and easily recognized worldwide. However, few studies examine the emic perspective of stigma among sex workers more so in Kenya. In the face of stigma, it makes sex workers adopt various strategies as a way of shading the stigma as they earn their livelihood. Using stigma narratives from 28 respondents practicing sex work, selected using purposive, snowball and direct sampling techniques, this paper shows sex work as a livelihood to sex workers and they use various means to sustain it despite the stigma they face in their everyday life. This ambiguity is evidenced by the strategies that sex workers use in resisting the perception of their work as immoral and evil and at the same time trying to (re)negotiate their threatened identity due to stigma within the larger community they live in. This paper then argues that stigma still remains a major social problem among those practising sex work despite the various constructions on sex work. This is evidenced from stigma narratives where the sex workers in Kenya are subject to various stigmatizing forces in their daily lives in their interactions with the family/relatives, neighbours, religious institutions, law enforcers, and health providers. These stigmas harm the sex workers’ health, both through apparent manifestations such as physical or verbal abuse and through subtler means such as those which generated or perpetuated vulnerability which then compel the sex workers to come with personal individualized ways or collective ways of dealing with stigma. To come up with development of interventions that may reduce stigma, it is important to understand the ways in which sex workers are stigmatized (manifestations of stigma), as well as who is doing the stigmatizing (sources of stigma) and its solution should be pegged on the various sources of stigma.
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Griffiths, Kathleen M., Helen Christensen, Anthony F. Jorm, Kimberley Evans, and Chloe Groves. "Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive–behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 4 (October 2004): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.4.342.
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BackgroundLittle is known about the efficacy of educational interventions for reducing the stigma associated with depression.AimsTo investigate the effects on stigma of two internet depression sites.MethodA sample of 525 individuals with elevated scores on a depression assessment scale were randomly allocated to a depression information website (BluePages), a cognitive–behavioural skills training website (MoodGYM) or an attention control condition. Personal stigma (personal stigmatising attitudes to depression) and perceived stigma (perception of what most other people believe) were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsRelative to the control, the internet sites significantly reduced personal stigma, although the effects were small. BluePages had no effect on perceived stigma and MoodGYM was associated with an increase in perceived stigma relative to the control. Changes in stigma were not mediated by changes in depression, depression literacy or cognitive–behavioural therapy literacy.ConclusionsThe internet warrants further investigation as a means of delivering stigma reduction programmes for depression.
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Komomo Ibor, Eyong, Ekanem E. Emmanuel, Asindi A. Asindi, Chimaeze Torty, and Brown-Abang E. "The impact of an enlightenment program on community perception towards children with epilepsy." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180585.
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Background: Epilepsy is associated with social stigma and discrimination which is often harmful and devastating. Lack of knowledge and misconception is responsible for these negative attitudes. Public awareness and education are known to improve perception towards epileptics.Methods: A sensitization workshop among community leaders on epilepsy was carried out in a rural community in Cross River State, Nigeria. A pretest questionnaire was administered to participants based on items related to knowledge and perception towards epileptics. The respondents were offered a 2-hour workshop on the causes, types, cure and myths about epilepsy. The same questionnaire was again applied after the workshop. The responses before and after intervention were compared using the McNemar test statistic, with a significance level at p<0.05.Results: Seventy-two respondents participated in the study comprising of 42 (58.3%) males and 30 (41.7%) females. Twenty-eight (38.9%) had primary education and the same number had tertiary education. There was a positive correlation between level of education and performances in the perception towards various domains of epilepsy. Statistical significant differences were found in perceptions regarding cure, mode of contracting epilepsy and potentials of epileptics. However, no statistical difference in perception after the intervention regarding marriage to epileptics.Conclusions: Respondents with higher level of education demonstrated significantly better awareness and attitude towards epileptics compared to those with lower levels the intervention package produced a significant improvement in most domains of perception about epilepsy. Public enlightenment is effective in reducing social stigma and discrimination. It should be encouraged to curtail the negative attitude and perception towards epileptics.
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Mahmoud, Khadejah F., Deborah Finnell, Dawn Lindsay, Carolyn MacFarland, Hannah D. Marze, Britney B. Scolieri, and Ann M. Mitchell. "Can Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Education and Clinical Exposure Affect Nursing Students’ Stigma Perception Toward Alcohol and Opioid Use?" Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 25, no. 6 (December 29, 2018): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318811570.
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BACKGROUND: Alcohol and/or opioid stigma perceptions are barriers to screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) implementation. AIM: To examine SBIRT education and clinical exposure efficacy at decreasing nursing students’ stigma perceptions toward caring for patients affected by alcohol and/or opioid use problems. METHOD: A single-sample, pretest–posttest design with N = 124 nursing students. The students had a 1.5-hour SBIRT education session and a 12-week clinical experience with some patients who had alcohol and/or opioid use problems. RESULTS: The participants’ stigma perceptions improved toward patients who had alcohol and/or opioid use problems. CONCLUSIONS: SBIRT education and clinical exposure may provide a basis for promoting understanding of alcohol and/or opioid use–related stigma and can be used as an intervention to decrease some of stigma’s negative effects.
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Aukst-Margetić, B., G. Toić, Z. Furjan, A. Boban, and B. Margetić. "Stigma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70751-5.
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Goal:To assess perception of stigma in patients suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Methods:Sixty one veterans from 1991-1995 war in Croatia (mean age 43,8 years SD 6,3) with diagnosis of PTSD according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases hospitalized consecutively on acute psychiatric department during 6 months were assessed. Stigma was measured with Internalized Stigma Mental Illness inventory that has five subscales: Alienation; Stereotype Endorsement; Perceived Discrimination; Social Withdrawal and Stigma Resistance, and with Devaluation-Discrimination Scale both rated on four possibilities Likert scale: (1-strongly disagree to 4-strongly agree). Mississippi Scale for Combat-related PTSD was used to determine the severity of PTSD symptoms. It consists of 35 statements that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 - “absolutely incorrect” to 5 - “absolutely correct”). A 100mm long visual analogue scales anchored with “not at all” and “very strongly” were used for assessing religiosity, social support and family problems caused with patient's illness.Results:Discrimination-devaluation scale was correlated with social support (r=0,373 p=0,003) indicating less discrimination with higher social support and with intensity of PTSD (r=-0,320 p=0,017). ISMI was correlated with intensity of family problems (r=0,299; p=0,019) and M-PTSD (r=0,588; p=0,001). Regression analyses indicated social support as significant predictor of less discrimination (R=0,570; p=0,021), and intensity of symptoms as predictor of high perceived stigma (R=0,653;p=0,001). Unsolved veteran invalidity status was associated with higher number of hospitalizations (t=2,097; df=59; p=0,042).Conclusion:Stigma perception in PTSD depends on social support and intensity of the symptoms.
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Bandstra, Nancy F., Carol S. Camfield, and Peter R. Camfield. "Stigma of Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 35, no. 4 (September 2008): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100009082.
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Epilepsy directly affects 50 million people worldwide.Most can achieve excellent seizure control; however, people living with epilepsy continue to suffer from enacted or perceived stigma that is based on myths, misconceptions and misunderstandings that have persisted for thousands of years. This paper reviews the frequency and nature of stigma toward epilepsy. Significant negative attitudes prevail in the adolescent and adult public worldwide leading to loneliness and social avoidance both in school and in the workplace. People with epilepsy are often wrongly viewed as having mental health and antisocial issues and as being potentially violent toward others. Twenty-five percent of adults having epilepsy describe social stigma as a result of their epilepsy. They fear rejection and often feel shame or loneliness from this diagnosis. The psychosocial and social impact of epilepsy is significant. Yet few specific interventions have been demonstrated to alter this perception. The effect on public education is primarily short-term, while change over the long-term in attitudes and inaccurate beliefs have not presently been proven effective. School education programming demonstrates improved knowledge and attitude a month after a classroom intervention, but persisting change over a longer period of time has not been evaluated. In-depth adult psycho-educational programs for adults with epilepsy improves knowledge, coping skills and level of felt stigma. However these gains have not demonstrated persistence over time. Myths, misconceptions and misunderstandings about epilepsy continue and programs aimed at increasing knowledge and reducing negative public attitudes should be enhanced.
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Vukelic, P., J. Radic, A. Milardovic, I. Vlasic-Cicvaric, and I. Prpic. "P10.6 Epilepsy: Which hurts more, seizure or perception of stigma?" European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 15 (May 2011): S74—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3798(11)70252-5.
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