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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stigma and Perception'
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Price, Cody Raymond. "Alleviating Affordable Housing Stigma by Design." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500476247012088.
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Fatula, Karen K. "The Perception of Mental Illness: A Video Approach to Reducing Stigma." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou153468307629101.
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Catrone, Rocco Giovanni. "FRAMES OF ERROR: THREE BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES TO REDUCING STIGMA TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1884.
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What makes a person disabled is a much-debated topic with some focusing on the individuals impairments (putting the onus of disability on the individual) while others focus on how the environment (both architectural and social) exacerbates an individual’s impairments and creates the conceptualization of disability (putting the onus of disability on society). No matter how a person with a disability (PWD) is categorized, they are met with healthcare, education, and work disparities that are perpetuated both unintentionally and intentionally. This paper examines the various ways disability and subsequently stigma arises from a variety of viewpoints both within and outside the tradition of behaviorism. Given an overview of behavioral research, much of which is line with non-behavioral conceptualizations track well on to, the author points to how Relational Frame Theory (RFT) and Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS) may offer potential applications for the reduction of stigma towards PWDs. Three studies were detailed across relevant relational frames and their potential roles in the formation and defusion of stigma thereby extending the prior behavioral research on utility for potential, computer-based societal interventions.
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King, J. N. "School-based interventions to address the stigma associated with mental health problems." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/11096/.
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Section A is a systematic review of the literature surrounding school-based interventions to address the stigma faced by people diagnosed with mental health problems. It asks the question of what the role of these interventions currently and potentially is and what is important for their efficacy. It begins by acknowledging the problem that stigma and discrimination presents, identifying what leads to and perpetuates this stigma. It then presents key theoretical and empirical contributions to our understanding of stigma and also to our understanding of how learning develops and attitudes form. The review goes on to look at what has been done in schools to date and highlights ‘active ingredients’ in these programmes, discussing the extent to which the current picture addresses theoretical and empirical contributions. Suggestions for further research are provided. Section B provides the findings of a grounded theory study investigating how primary school teachers communicate with children about mental health problems. Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out with fifteen teachers in three state schools. A model of communication is presented, which explains why discussions about mental health problems are absent from the primary school classroom. There appear to be a number of reasons for this. Teachers have fears about the implications of talking about mental health problems with children. These are connected to their beliefs and fears regarding those with mental health problems, their beliefs about mental health problems in relation to children and its place in the classroom, and about their professional roles. Relating to theory, teachers perceive themselves as part of a homogenous ‘in-group’ as distinct from a homogenous ‘out-group’ with mental health problems. Fears, beliefs and ingroup perceptions lead teachers to ‘play safe’ and avoid conversations about mental health problems in the classroom. This absence of discussion may reinforce for children that mental health problems are taboo. Greater links are required between schools and mental health services, and clinical psychologists need to be proactive in influencing policymakers by promoting the argument that teaching on mental health problems has an important place within the British school curriculum. Section C is a critical appraisal of this research, including discussion of the experience of being a researcher throughout this process. Consideration is given to the skills developed, areas where they may need to be expanded upon, areas where things could have been done differently, as well as research and clinical implications of the findings.
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Chiapa, Ana Luz. "The Relationships among Perception of Stigma, Ethnic Identity, and Acculturation in People Living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5293/.
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The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow and minorities have been affected at a disproportionate rate. Two factors that are hypothesized to be associated with HIV/AIDS stigma include ethnic identity and acculturation. The current study uses a diverse, gender-balanced sample (n= 201, aged 23-68) of African-Americans (54.2%), European Americans (31.8%), and Latinos/Hispanics (10%) to evaluate the relationship among the proposed variables. The study found that higher levels of ethnic identity and other group orientation were associated with lower levels of perceived HIV/AIDS stigma. A stepwise linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = .13, F(11, 189) = 3.74, p < .001) revealed that as the level of inclusiveness of other ethnic groups (t = -4.263, p < .001) increases, the level of perceived HIV/AIDS stigma decreases. The results from this study suggest that the development of interventions that address stigma and inclusiveness of other ethnic groups may benefit people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Mettlen, Christine A. "SOCIAL WORKER'S PERCEPTION OF IN HOME THERAPY TO REDUCE DEPRESSION AMONG THE ELDERLY." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/197.
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This paper will discuss the barriers to the elderly population and how providing in home therapy could reduce depression in order to provide a better long lasting life. There are high levels of depression related to psychological problems, aging and illness. Depression can be associated with cumulative loss, restricted sense of control and declining abilities. The main problem is that elderly individuals tend to isolate so they will not seek help to address their depression. Providing guidance and support to the elderly will allow them to be able to function longer, remain independent, and extend their life.
The total number of participants that were recruited for the study was twenty two. This study examined social workers’ awareness and knowledge regarding depression among the elderly and their perception if providing in home therapy will reduce depression among the elderly. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to give the researcher a systematic illustration of their perception. Findings from this study provide an understanding of the stigma associated with depression. Participants in the study indicated various levels of knowledge regarding depression among the elderly. Researcher suggests further research and examination if older adults would be receptive to receiving therapeutic services in their home and if those services will have a significant impact in improving their overall health, function and quality of life.
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Ziv-Yodelevich, Noga. "The influence of stigma associated with being older and mentally ill on self-image /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115999.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and better understand the stigma experienced by a specific subgroup of the population experiencing mental illness---older adults. Using the framework of the Modified Labelling theory, the effect and significance of stigma on their self-image was investigated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten seniors who participate in the Community Mental Health Program at the Cummings Jewish Centre for Seniors in Montreal, Quebec. Using a purposive sample, study participants were included according to: age (i.e., 50 plus), participation in a mental health program in a community center, and having a diagnosis of a mental illness. Interviews were analyzed according to individual coping strategies as well as thematic content across interviews. Study results enhance understandings of how older people resist dominant discourses of stigma attached to mental illness and how personal perceptions on mental illness, age and health influence self-image.
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Jahoda, Andrew. "Experience of stigma and the self-concept of people with a mild mental handicap." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22866.
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Recently professionals and service planners have become increasingly aware of the consequences of stigma and of limited social experience for the self-concepts of people with a mental handicap. These issues have been central to the debate concerning the mainstreaming of children with special needs in ordinary schools and have become of major importance for those promoting the social integration of people with a mental handicap. However, there is little understanding of the relationship between the person's experience of stigma and his or her self-concept. Researchers have studied the self-concepts of people with a mental handicap using normative or standardised tests which produce quantitative scores. I argue that such studies provide little insight into 'handicapped' treatment and the participants' views of themselves. In contrast to these studies, the present research has followed the work of Edgerton (1967), who used intensive methods to study the relationship between the self-concepts of adult people with a mental handicap and their social circumstances. Three groups of adult people with a mild mental handicap took part in this research. The first group lived in their family home, the second group moved from their family home to liye more independently, and the third group came from a long-stay hospital. The instruments used in the research were open-ended interviews. In total 48 participants with a mild mental handicap were interviewed, and where possible, their mothers and staff were also involved. The interviews concerned the participants' experience of stigma and their views of themselves in relation to handicap and stigma. A longitudinal investigation with a sub-sample of the participants was also carried out to explore their pattern of social lives and networks. It was found that participants led socially rather segregated lives, had considerable experience of stigma and were often regarded by significant others in their lives as 'handicapped' as persons. Despite this, most of the participants in each of the three groups rejected a 'handicapped' identity. These findings are discussed with reference to several social theories of the self and previous research. The practical implications of the results for future policy and services for people with a mental handicap are also considered.
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Alobwede, Samuel Muabe. "Perception of stigma experienced by people living with HIV at a health facility in Khayelitsha sub-district, Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6874.
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Magister Curationis - MCurHIV stigma is still affecting People Living with HIV (PLHIV) despite biomedical and structural interventions to reduce this phenomenon. Stigma, particularly health facility related stigma, experienced by PLHIV is reported to fuel poor access to services. As a result, considerable interventions to reduce the stigma among PLHIV have been proposed. However, poor HIV indicators are still reported. Little is reported about PLHIV’s lived experiences of stigma, especially at health facilities, which might be the contributor to poor health outcomes. Hence, this study sought to explore and describe the stigma experienced by PLHIV at a health facility in Khayelitsha Sub-District, Cape Town, South Africa. A qualitative approach, using an exploratory design was followed. Participants were purposively selected, and unstructured interviews were conducted. In total, 15 participants were anticipated to be interviewed. However, saturation occurred after 12 participants were interviewed, but the researcher went further to interview 14 participants. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim by the researcher (those in English) and assistant researchers (isiXhosa and Afrikaans). Data were then organised and entered into ATLAS.Ti version 8, a Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) used for analysis of large sets of data. An independent coder was given raw data, and the two outcomes were discussed to reach a consensus on generated themes. The supervisor reviewed the analysed data. Rigour was ensured through the criteria of credibility, dependability, transferability and conformability. The ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) at the University of the Western Cape and the City of Cape Town. Six themes emerged from the data because of participants’ experience of stigma at the facility. These include: existence of stigma triggers, participants’ experience of stigma at the clinic, direct stigmatising behaviour, and PLHIV’s characterisation of stigma types, PLHIV’s directed health outcomes, and activism as a secondary health outcome. The results of the study revealed that stigma was perpetuated in the health facility in numerous forms. These were: physical demarcation of the facility, negative behaviour of nurses towards People living with HIV and incompetence of the nurses. This gave rise to recommendations in nursing practice, to policymakers and a need for further research on the topic.
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Ghanean, Helia. "Studies on the perception of mental illness and epilepsy in Tehran, Iran : a study in stigma and discrimination." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81703.
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Background Stigma and discrimination because of medical conditions is a global phenomenon. Epilepsy and mental illness belong to the most stigmatizing disorders world-wide. Culture, religion, education, life-style influences the perception of stigma. There are two aspects of stigma of special interest for this thesis; internalized stigma, which is the perception of a person suffering from a condition and the public perception of this disorder. This study investigates both aspects of stigma because of mental illness and epilepsy. Internalized stigma of mental illness and epilepsy are also studied in Umea, Sweden, with the same instrument as in Iran in order to look at the cultural influence. Methods Paper 1 and 2 on internalized stigma because of mental disorders and epilepsy in Tehran: These studies are cross-sectional with 138 persons with mental illness recruited from three different hospitals in Tehran and 130 persons with epilepsy from one neurologic clinic in Tehran and the Iran epilepsy association. Internalized stigma because of mental illness was measured using ISMI (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness) questionnaire and because of epilepsy with the same instrument adapted for epilepsy (ISEP). ISMI/ISEP contains 29 items measured by a 4-point Likert scale. An open-ended question about the experiences of discrimination was added. Paper 3 and 4 on public attitudes towards mental disorders and epilepsy in Tehran: These two studies were performed with 800 individuals randomly chosen from households in four districts of Iran (north, south, east and west). In Paper 3 on attitudes and knowledge of mental illness a modified version of a questionnaire developed for the World Association program to reduce discrimination and stigma because of schizophrenia was used. In Paper 4 on awareness of and attitudes towards epilepsy a questionnaire originally developed by Caveness and Gallup in United States as early as 1949 was used and since used in many studies all over the world. Paper 5 and 6 comparing internalized stigma because of mental disorders and epilepsy in Tehran and Umea: These two studies included patients suffering from mental disorders (N=163) and epilepsy (N=93) recruited from the university hospital in Umea, Sweden. The same questions as used in Paper 1 and 2 were applied. Results The experience of stigma because of mental disorders was high in the Iranian sample. The Swedish sample generally reported lower levels of experienced stigma than the Iranian except for items covering self-blame and feelings of alienation. As regards epilepsy the Iranian sample reported quite a high level of experienced stigma compared to the Swedish sample. Generally the patients with epilepsy reported lower levels of experienced stigma compared to patients with mental illness in the two settings. Attitudes towards mentally ill persons in Tehran were at the same levels as in western high income countries. The knowledge about and attitudes towards persons with epilepsy was also generally at the same level as found in other European studies expect for a much lower acceptance as regards accepting a person with epilepsy to marry someone in the family. Conclusion Stigma because of mental illness and epilepsy is a reality even in Iran, which is an Islamic setting in spite of the teachings of the Koran to show mercy with people who suffer from different ailments and rather well developed health services. The levels of experienced stigma is higher in Iran compared to Sweden, but still there is quite a lot of stigma because of mental illness even in Sweden in spite of several national efforts to reduce stigma. The lower levels of stigma because of epilepsy in both settings and especially in Sweden, is suggested to be the consequence of effective treatments available for epilepsy compared to the less successful treatments available for mental illness. The differences in internalized stigma reported and the public perceptions of stigma because of both mental illness and epilepsy between Iran and Sweden is suggested partly a consequence of the different cultural settings, Sweden being an extremely individualistic society compared to the more collectivistic Iranian society.
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Torres, David. "Architecture for Outreach:Towards Destigmatizing Community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107899432718.
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Danko, Marianna. "Perception et vécu subjectif de stigmatisation familiale chez le proche aidant d’une personne ayant reçu le diagnostic de maladie d’Alzheimer (MA)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30045/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'explorer la stigmatisation perçue liée à la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) parmi une population d'aidants familiaux (enfants adultes ou conjoints) accompagnant leurs proches (conjoints ou parents) vivant avec une probable MA. Parmi les patients, non seulement, il est examiné les sources de stigmatisation envers les personnes vivant avec une probable MA associées aux réactions émotionnelles et comportementales d'affiliation ou de distance sociale de l'entourage. Mais encore il est observé les facteurs de stigmatisation qui prédisent une variation de leur qualité de vie. Parmi, leurs aidants familiaux, il est étudié les facteurs de stigmatisation qui prédisent une variation de la symptomatologie dépressive et du fardeau de soins. Dans cette relation, il est étudié le rôle modérateur du soutien social. Nos résultats indiquent parmi les patients, que la fréquence des symptômes comportementaux liés à la dépression prédisent les émotions négatives et les comportements de distance sociale de l'entourage. Aussi, nous observons que la qualité de vie du patient varie selon son lieu de résidence. Au domicile, il est observé davantage de comportements de distance sociale venant de l'entourage. Parmi les proches aidants, il est constaté que soutien social modère les effets entre les émotions négatives, les comportements de distance sociale de l'entourage envers le patient, et la symptomatologie, le fardeau de soins des aidants. Mais que le soutien social exacerbe les effets entre les émotions positives de l'entourage et le fardeau de soins. Cette thèse permet d'objectiver la stigmatisation liée à la maladie d'Alzheimer parmi les patients et leurs proches aidants. Les résultats obtenus justifieraient l'élaboration d'actions de communication centrées sur la nécessité du soutien social auprès de l'ensemble des personnes affectées par la maladie d'AlzheimerThis thesis aims at exploring the perceived stigmatization towards persons possibly leaving with Alzheimer’s disease among the population of the family caregivers – grown-up children and spouses. Not only do we have observed sources of stigmatizations aimed at patients possibly leaving with Alzheimer’s disease, in relation with emotional reactions and either affiliation behavior, or social distancing from the family and social circle, but we have also observed factors of stigmatization leading to variations in patients’ quality of life. Amongst family caregivers, we have studied factors of stigmatization leading to changes in the associated depressive symptoms and the increased caregiver burden. With respect to the relationship induced, we have given attention to the moderating role of social support. Our results show that, among patients, the negative emotions and the social distancing behavior from social circle can be linked to the frequency of behavioral symptoms related to the depression. With respect to this observation, we show an variation in the patients’ quality of life according to the places they live in. At home, we have noted increased social distancing behavior from the social circle. Amongst the relatives caregivers, we have also noticed that social support has a moderating influence on the effects of negative emotions, the social distancing behavior from the social circle towards the patient, the symptoms and the burden of care felt by the caregivers. However, the social support exacerbates the relation between positive emotions among the relatives and the burden of care. This thesis gives us the opportunity to objectify the stigmatization process with respect to Alzheimer’s disease amongst patients and their relatives caregivers. Our results could open the way to specific communications promoting the necessity for social support in favor of the entire population concerned by Alzheimer’s disease
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Imus, Anna Lorin. "Preferential selection in the academic domain a stigma-based model of antecedents and outcomes /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Jacobson, Simon, Alvar Ljungberg, and Frida Samuelsson. "Att arbeta med substansmissbrukare: Sjuksköterskans uppfattning : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Jönköping University, Hälsohögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51690.
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Bakgrund: Substansmissbruk innebär okontrollerad användning av skadligasubstanser vilket kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för individens hälsa. Patientgruppen stigmatiseras genom generaliseringar samt associeras med olämpligaoch stereotypiska egenskaper vilket kan leda till förlängd vårdprocess eller uteblivenvård. Sjuksköterskan ska inom missbruksproblematik stärka tillit, ge individen engod tillvaro, främja patientens hälsoprocesser och delaktighet med respekt förvärdighet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans uppfattning av att arbeta med patientermed substansmissbruk. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats valdes. Dataanalysenutfördes enligt Fribergs fem steg och 12 artiklar användes till resultatet. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan uppfattar sig främja patientgruppen genom att ta vara påindividens resurser, öka motivationen, förmågan till egenvård och se individen bakomsjukdomen. Sjuksköterskans medvetenhet till sina värderingar är betydelsefullt iarbetet och en god relation gynnas av öppenhet samt ärlighet. Svårigheter i relationenbidrar till minskad interaktion och en försvagad vårdrelation. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten bidrar till utökad medvetenhet och förståelse kring hursjuksköterskan uppfattar arbetet med patienten med substansmissbruk. Med hjälp avdenna kunskap kan vårdpersonal forma sitt arbetssätt för att stärka vårdprocessen ochfölja riktlinjer vilket främjar patienten samt vårdpersonal.Background: Substance abuse is defined by the use of harmful substances which canlead to negative consequences for the individual's health. Stigmatization characterizesthe patient group through generalization and is associated with inappropriate andstereotypical characteristics which can lead to a prolonged care process or lack of care. In the field of substance abuse problems, the nurse shall strengthen trust, give theindividual a good life, promote the patient's health processes and participation withrespect for dignity. Aim: The aim was to describe the nurse's perception of working with patients withsubstance abuse. Method: A qualitative literature review with an inductive approach was chosen. The data analysis was performed according to Friberg's five-steps and 12 articles were usedin the result. Result: The nurse perceives herself as promoting the patient group by takingadvantage of the individual's resources, increasing the motivation and ability to selfcare and seeing the individual behind the disease. The nurse's awareness of her valuesis important in the work and a good relationship benefits from openness and honesty. Difficulties in the relationship contributes to reduced interaction and a weakened carerelationship. Conclusion: The literature review contributes to increased awareness andunderstanding of how the nurse perceives the work with substance abuse patients.With this knowledge, care staff can shape their way of work to strengthen the careprocess and follow guidelines, which promotes the patient and care staff.
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Nghifikwa, Loide. "The perception and experience of stigma and discrimination among HIV-positive people at Oshakati ARV Clinic in Oshana Region, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6785.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The researcher conducted an explorative, qualitative study to identify the perceptions and experiences of stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV and AIDS in order to establish strategies within ARV Clinic to deal with the situation and eliminate this as a barrier to access the services. The study population included 5 men and 5 women who access health services at Oshakati ARV Clinic and have been on ARVs for more than one year, aged 20-60 years old. The study participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach and interviewed in the ARV clinic. The study found that participants have experienced enacted and internal stigma and discrimination related to their HIV status within their community and families. They however did not perceive or report any experiences of stigma and discrimination in the ARV clinic. Possibility exists that the participants might not be well empowered to detect acts of stigma and discrimination in the health care environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorser het 'n verkennende, kwalitatiewe studie uitgevoer om die waarnemings en ervarings van stigma en diskriminasie tussen mense wat met MIV en VIGS leef, vas te stel met die doel om strategieë te bepaal binne die ARV kliniek om die situasie te hanteer en die hindernes om dienste te bekom te verwyder. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit 5 mans en 5 vroue wat die gesondheidsdienste van die Oshakati ARV kliniek gebruik en wat ARV’S vir meer as een jaar gebruik en tussen die ouderdomme van 20-60 jaar is. Die deelnemers is gekies met 'n doelgerigte steekproeftrekking-benadering en onderhoude is gevoer in die ARV-kliniek. Die studie het bevind dat die deelnemers interne stigma en diskriminasie wat verband hou met hul MIV-status binne hul gemeenskap en families ondervind het. Hulle het egter nie aangedui dat hulle stigma en diskriminasie ervaar het by die ARV-kliniek nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dat die deelnemers nie goed bemagtig is om dade van stigma en diskriminasie in gesondheidsdienste te kan identifiseer nie.
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Ramaano, Pfananani Nancy. "Evaluating attitudes and perception of HIV and AIDS related stigma among health care professionals in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Turfloop campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/797.
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Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2011Objectives: To assess the extent of HIV and AIDS related stigma among health care professionals, to identify factors that cause attitudes and perception towards HIV and AIDS related stigma and to determine if HIV and AIDS influence stigma. Study design: A descriptive cross sectional survey. Settings: Tshilidzini Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Subjects: A total of two hundred and sixty five health care professionals participated in the study. The study employed convenience sampling, when collecting data. The majority of health care professionals were females (77.7%). The average age of participants was 39.5 years with a standard deviation of 9.6. Outcome measures: Subject’s demographic information was determined by use of questionnaire. Age, gender educational level and race were included. Attitudes and perception towards HIV and AIDS patients were also assessed. Analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS windows version 15.0. Means and frequencies were calculated. ANOVA and T test were employed to assess the comparison of attitudes between health care professionals. Findings: The results showed that the majority of health care professionals do not have negative attitudes towards people living with HIV and AIDS. Out of 265 health care professionals, 69% agreed that they needed to eliminate shame and rejection associated with HIV and AIDS, and 84% indicated that they needed more training to be more sensitive to the needs of people living with HIV and AIDS.Conclusion: Findings from the study showed high positive attitudes and perception among health care professionals towards people living with HIV and AIDS. Government should make provision of protective clothing a priority to reduce the perceived risk of HIV infection. Government should also introduce HIV and AIDS education at the primary level of health care.
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Appiah-Kubi, Louis. "An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Stigma and Acculturation on the Perception of Mental Illness in the Black Community." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1566311682739501.
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Persson, Linn, and Forsberg Anna Rådefjäll. "Future challenges for nurses : - Nursing student´s perception about caring for patients with hepatitis B in Vietnam." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48640.
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Background Hepatitis B is a world health problem. The virus is a blood pathogen that transfers through blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B is common in the west pacific area and in Vietnam nurses are at higher risk to get infected by hepatitis B. Aim The aim with the study is to describe Vietnamese nursing student´s perception of caring for patients with hepatitis B. Method It is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Result There is a lack of knowledge about hepatitis B in the community and self-education is needed in the care. Fear of getting infected among nurses and a mistrust for the vaccine were found. The awareness of getting infected by needles and sharp instrument were also found. Conclusion Lack of knowledge is a problem in the society, in the health care and also experienced by the nursing students. For the future the nursing students want to educate patients in how to live with the virus, but they see many challenges. Lack of knowledge leads to stigma that infected patients are exposed to by health care and the society, those actions of stigma affects the nursing students in how they see and treat the virus.
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Arekull, Eliza, and Andreas Bergeld. "Förförståelsen i Palliativ vård : Sjuksköterskans perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21370.
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Palliativa vårdens ändamål är att öka livskvalitén och stödja både patienten och dennes familj genom ett obotligt sjukdomsförlopp. Palliativa vårdens målgrupp är inte enbart de med en cancerdiagnos utan alla med en obotlig sjukdom. Förförståelsen kring begreppet palliativ är stor och kan innebära en risk för sämre vård för patienten. Studiens syfte har varit att beskriva förförståelsen i palliativ vård utifrån sjuksköterskans perspektiv. Metoden i studien är en litteraturöversikt som utgår från Fribergs litteraturöversiktsmetod (2017, ss. 141–148). En kvantitativ och nio kvalitativa artiklar analyserades. Resultatet av litteraturöversikten lyfter fram tre huvudteman följt av tre underteman. Huvudtemat kunskapsproblem tar upp riskerna när sjuksköterskans påverkas av sin förförståelse i kommunikation, utbildning och strategier. Huvudtemat vårdkonsekvenser belyser hur fördomar och förförståelse utifrån definitioner, möten och hinder i vården kan skapas. Huvudtemat lidande tar upp det lidande som förförståelsen kan leda till utifrån sjuksköterskans självbild, sjuksköterskans/patientens delaktighet och skapandet av patientrelationer. Förförståelse leder till att patientrelationen påverkas och innebär ett ökat lidande för patienten. Sjuksköterskans förförståelse kan skapa vård som inte tillför något till patientens egentliga behov. Den palliativa vården innebär utmaningar för sjuksköterskan. I den palliativa vården har författarna identifierat brister i förförståelsen hos sjuksköterskor i framför allt hur kommunikation och information framförs till patienten. En kontinuerlig vård med självreflektioner utifrån evidensbaserade utbildningar är en grundförutsättning för en mer fördomsfri palliativ vård.
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Lila, Halima. "Perceptions of risk for hiv amongst south african university students: the impact of the mtv film “shuga”." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3676.
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The main purpose of this study was to assess UWC students’ knowledge about HIV and their attitudes towards it, while investigating the impact of the MTV-produced Shuga film on the students’ self-perception of risk and their attitudes toward HIV.Magister Artium - MA
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Rodriguez, Elsa, and O'Shonda McDowell. "Social Workers' Perception on HIV/AIDS and the Effects on Their Service Delivery." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/65.
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This study explores the relationship between social workers’ perceptions of the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) /AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) population and the effects on their service delivery. This study used a quantitative online survey with a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected for 60 social worker participants for this study. Participants were provided a postcard to a link of the questionnaire that surveyed participants’ regarding demographics, general knowledge, knowledge about contracting HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS risk, and service delivery. Implications from the correlation coefficients identify a significant negative relationship between stigma and HIV/AIDS knowledge, suggesting that higher levels of stigma were present based on lower levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge. This study found that social workers were comfortable with PLWHA (people living with HIV/AIDS) and that social workers did not have strong levels of stigma towards PLWHA. A significant negative relationship between stigma and service delivery was found indicating that service delivery decreases based on the levels of stigma on behalf of the social worker. The findings of this study suggest further research and examination of social workers’ perception of PLWHA due to underrepresentation of social workers perceived stigma. The study also suggests that social workers need to increase their knowledge about PLWHA and the need for additional cultural competency trainings.
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Feagin, Angelina Marie. "Stigma, Help-Seeking Behaviors, and Use of Services Among College Students with Self-Reported Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6325.
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People experiencing mental health illnesses such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who do not receive mental health treatment services (MHTS) are at a higher risk of committing crimes. The research problem of this study was to fill the gap in the literature concerning gender, sex at birth, and gender identity differences as predictors of attitudes toward perceived stigma in help-seeking behavior (HSB) and use of MHTS. The sample size included 5,000 participants in the de-identified secondary data set of students from 26 universities and colleges across the United States. The Healthy Minds Study collected these data in 2016-2017 using the Patient Health Questionnaire. To address the research questions guiding the study, one-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in groups based on sexual orientation and gender identity for measures of perception of stigma, use of MHTS, and HSB regarding receiving mental health services. Between groups, MANOVA was used to assess differences in groups based on gender identity and sexual orientation on a linear combination of the dependent measures of perception of stigma in use of MHTS and HSB. There were directional differences between groups based on independent variables gender and sexual orientation on measures of the dependent variables perception of stigma in use of MHTS and of HSB. However, a closer examination of the results indicated that the effect size associated with the directional differences was weak. The results from this study may help clinicians to identify treatment challenges related to biological sex and gender identity and help to influence future interventions to better accommodate the contemporary population of men and women experiencing symptoms of PTSD.
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Portillo, Kathleen A. "College student's perception of academic ability and social distance for students with chronic mental and physical illness." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1130.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Rosa, Anne Bastos Martins. "Turismo de favela: representações, estigma e poder." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio De Janeiro, 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7141.
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PROQUALI (UFJF)
O turismo de favela é uma modalidade que vem se expandindo com celeridade no mundo. Entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram conduzidas sobre o tema, em especial em relação à percepção do morador local que, na maioria das vezes, está distante dos processos de operacionalização e de venda do turismo em seu local de moradia. Trata-se, também, de prática baseada na assimetria de poder nas relações entre visitantes, visitados e agentes externos que exploram o turismo de favela. Estereótipos desfavoráveis cruzam-se no desenrolar do turismo de favela, que ocorre em local e em grupo social que são historicamente estigmatizados. O objetivo desse estudo é identificar se tais aspectos influenciam a percepção e o comportamento de moradores locais em relação ao turismo de favela. Quarenta e oito entrevistas, e observação sistematizada, foram conduzidas, entre setembro de 2015 e julho de 2016, nas favelas da Rocinha e Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro. Essas comunidades foram escolhidas porque que nelas o turismo de favela assume formatos diferentes. A análise, baseada em hermenêutica revelou que, em ambas as favelas, os moradores mostraram-se favoráveis ao turismo, mas com ressalvas em relação à sua exploração por agentes externos. Os relatos não sugeriram haver, por parte dos moradores, sentimentos de inferioridade nos encontros sociais com os turistas, a maioria de estrangeiros. Entretanto, na Rocinha, a maior parte dos entrevistados mostrou ressentimentos ao se sentirem invadidos e explorados por empresas de turismo estranhas à favela, confessando ter vergonha e inconformismo pela maneira como tais empresas procuram apresentar aos turistas muitos aspectos negativos, relacionados a estigmas de miséria e pobreza, mostrando deliberadamente a sujeira de valões de esgoto, a pobreza de moradores, emaranhados de fios de ligações clandestinas à rede elétrica e moradias precárias, assim desqualificando o local e seus moradores.
Favela tourism is an activity that has been expanding swiftly around the world. Despite this, little research has so far been conducted around this topic, especially in relation to the perception of the local resident, who, in most cases, stands apart from the processes of tourism implementation and sale in the area where he or she resides. The practice in question is also grounded in the power asymmetry that characterises relationships among the visitors, the visited and the external agents who benefit from favela tourism. Unflattering stereotypes are evoked as favela tourism takes place involving both areas and social groups historically stigmatised. The aim of this study is to identify whether such aspects have an impact on local residents’ perception and behaviour vis-à-vis favela tourism. Forty-eight interviews, as well as systematised observation, have been conducted between September, 2015 and July, 2016 at the favelas of Rocinha and Santa Marta, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These communities have been chosen because favela tourism takes different formats in them. The hermeneutics-based analysis has revealed that, in both favelas, residents take a favourable approach towards tourism, albeit with a few reservations to how it is explored by external agents. The accounts compiled do not indicate the presence of feelings of inferiority on the part of the residents during their social encounters with tourists, most of these from foreign countries. However, at Rocinha, most of the interviewees resent the feeling of invasiveness and exploitation by tourist companies with no connection to the favelas. These residents have confessed to feelings of shame and animosity towards the way in which these companies seek to introduce tourists to several negative aspects related to stigmas of poverty by deliberately pointing to the dirt building up over sewage channels, the poverty of residents, the mesh of illegal wiring connected to the electricity grid and the precariousness of homes, which contributes to the devaluation of both the area and its residents.
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White, David Lee Jr. "Evaluating Educators Perceptions of Tattoo Stigma." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1588191931131861.
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Silva, Ana Consuelo Alves da. "Dores do corpo e dores da alma : o estigma da tuberculose entre homem e mulheres acometidos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251754.
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Orientador: Leticia Bicalho CanedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivos investigar se a terapêutica de isolamento dos acometidos pela tuberculose, no início do século XX, contribuiu para a estigmatização dos doentes; se o estigma relacionado a esta doença está presente atualmente; se há diferenças entre homens e mulheres para lidar com este estigma; e se há, diante das possíveis diferenças, repercussões distintas na condução e conclusão do tratamento. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu um estudo de caso e a aplicação de entrevistas com doentes de tuberculose. O estudo de caso foi realizado na cidade de São José dos Campos, a qual se tornou referência para o tratamento da tuberculose, na "era sanatorial", a partir da leitura e análise das publicações jornalísticas do início do século passado. As entrevistas foram realizadas com homens e mulheres que trataram da tuberculose no ambulatório de referência do município de Jacareí e do complexo hospitalar da UNICAMP. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o isolamento prescrito por médicos no início do século XX como um dos recursos importantes para a cura da tuberculose contribuiu para a sobrecarga de alguns emblemas depreciativos atribuídos aos doentes, intensificando o estigma da doença. A análise sugere ainda que homens e mulheres, pelo distinto processo de socialização, lidam diferentemente com a doença, o que reflete desde o modo como buscam por um tratamento até como o conduzem. Enquanto os homens apresentam a debilitação física como queixa primordial no adoecimento por tuberculose, para as mulheres o estigma apresenta-se como a primeira e mais constante queixa, perdurando mesmo após a conclusão do tratamento.
Abstract: This survey aimed to investigate if the isolation therapy of those affected by tb in the beginning of the 20th century contributed to the stigmatization of patients, if the stigma of this illness is still present, if there are differences between men and women in dealing with this stigma, and if there are, in front of possible differences,distinct repercussions in carrying on and concluding the tratment. The methodology used envolved survey of case and applying interviews with tb patients. The survey of case was developed in the city of Sao Jose dos Campos, which became a reference for tb treatment in the beginning of the last century, from the reading and analysis of news publications of that time. Interviews were taken with men and women who were treated of tb in the reference clinic in the city of Jacarei and in the medical facilities of UNICAMP (University of Campinas). The results achieved suggest that the isolation, prescribed by doctors in the beginning of the last century as one of the important resources to the cure of tb, contributed with the overcharge of some depreciating symbols attributed to tb patients intensifying the stigma of this illness.The analysis also suggests that men and women, due to distinct process of socialization, deal with the illness differently, which reflects from how they seek for treatment to how they carry it on.While men have as major complaint about being ill of tb phisical debility, with women the stigma is the first and most constant complaint, lasting even after treatment is concluded.
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Doutor em Educação
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Ho, Anita. "Implicit Attitudes of Asian American Older Adults Toward Aging." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1369.
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Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) developed the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a measure of mental associations between target pairs and positive or negative attributes. Highly associative categories yield faster responses than the reverse mental associations, which is thought to reflect implicit attitudes toward stereotypes. The present study investigated the effect of ethnic group on one’s implicit attitudes toward aging and gender stereotypes by comparing two groups of older adults, Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans, that likely hold different culture values. Past qualitative studies have established the existence of mental health stigma in Asian American populations, including negative Asian American perceptions of aging, but have not yet established a quantitative measure of this phenomenon. The age-attitude and gender-science IATs were administered to 20 Asian American and 20 Caucasian American older adults in the Southern California region. The results from the age-attitude IAT found that Asian American older adults demonstrated higher implicit bias toward aging, evidenced by faster responses to the category pairings associating “old” + “bad” and “young” + “good”. In contrast, performance on the gender-science IAT was similar for both groups, showing no strong bias toward gender stereotypes. Potential implications on the wellbeing of older adults, as stereotype threat and other forms of bias are already established harmful constructs in the population, are discussed.
28
LaDuke, Sheri L., Kathleen A. Klik, and Stacey L. Williams. "Self-Compassion and Perceptions of Public and Self-Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8104.
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Souza, Eduardo Sodré de. "População em situação de rua e Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) para Tuberculose (TB): a percepção dos usuários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-21032012-090003/.
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No Município de São Paulo é significativo e crescente o número de pessoas em situação de rua acometidas por tuberculose, fato que representa um problema de saúde pública relevante. O Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) pode ser uma estratégia importante para o enfrentamento da doença, mas não suficiente para garantir sua adesão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi Identificar significados e percepções sobre a tuberculose (TB) e o Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) junto à população em situação de rua da região central do Município de São Paulo. Participaram desta pesquisa qualitativa, sete pessoas em situação de rua em TDO na UBS Santa Cecília, sendo seis homens e uma mulher. Posteriormente uma entrevista adicional foi realizada com uma auxiliar de enfermagem da mesma unidade de saúde. Todos responderam as entrevistas semi estruturada, com perguntas abertas, que foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. A partir da leitura exaustiva e flutuante definimos algumas categorias que nos auxiliaram na interpretação, análise e discussão dos dados obtidos. Dados quantitativos utilizados para caracterizar a UBS, o TDO e os usuários foram obtidos por meio do livro de Registro e Controle de Tratamento dos Casos de Tuberculose, Planilha Diária de Tratamento Supervisionado DOTS; Ficha E; e Relatórios do SIAB. Os resultados mostram que a trajetória de vida nas ruas, as percepções do corpo em relação à doença, a experiência estigmatizante e de violência física e moral, a qualidade da assistência prestada no TDO e o uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, interferem no processo de adesão ao tratamento. Por um lado, essa modalidade de tratamento pode assumir caráter estigmatizante e excludente, se apoiado em diretrizes normativas e/ou caritativas; por outro, se garantir um espaço para emancipação e respeitar as diferenças, pode contribuir para o fortalecimento dos usuários para enfrentar o problema e se tornarem responsáveis pela sua própria vida. Criticamos a forma como são organizadas algumas equipes para o atendimento a essa população, que embora necessárias, dependendo da forma como trabalham, podem reforçar ainda mais a exclusão que sofre essa população. Concordamos que o Estado deve prover tais iniciativas focalizadoras, devido à inferiorização que esse sistema produz, mas também deve fazer provisões para políticas universalistas, para incluí-los e torná-los autônomos dentro desse sistema. Assim o TDO possibilitará a mudança do quadro epidemiológico e garantirá um espaço de exercício ou até mesmo de resgate da autonomia e cidadaniaIn São Paulo is significant and growing the number of homeless peoples in the street suffering from tuberculosis (TB), a fact which represents a significant public health problem. Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) can be an important strategy for coping with the disease, but not enough to ensure their adherence. The objective was to identify meanings and perceptions about TB DOT in people living in the streets of the central region of São Paulo. Seven homeless people participated in this qualitative study, in DOT at UBS Santa Cecília, six men and one woman. Subsequently an additional interview was conducted with a nursing assistant in the same health service. All responded semi-structured interviews with open questions, which were recorded and later transcribed. From the exhaustive reading and floating were defined some categories that helped us in the interpretation, analysis and discussion of results. Quantitative data used to characterize the UBS, the DOT and the users were obtained through the registry book of Control and Treatment of Cases of Tuberculosis, Spreadsheet Daily DOT; Form E, and Reports of SIAB. The result shows the trajectory of life on the streets, the perceptions of the body in relation with the disease, and stigmatizing experiences of physical and moral quality of care in the DOT and the use of licit and illicit drugs, interfere in the accession process treatment. On the other hand this kind of action may take stigmatizing and exclusionary character, if supported by policy guidelines and / or charities, second, to ensure a space for empowerment and respect differences, can contribute to the strengthening of the users to address the problem and become responsible for their own life. We criticized the form some teams are organized to take care for this population, which although necessary, depending on how they work, can further reinforce the exclusion that this population suffers. We agree that the state must provide such targeted initiative because of the inferiority that this system produces, but also should make provisions for universal policies, to include them and make them autonomous within that system. So, the DOT will give possibility to a change in this epidemiologic situation and ensure a space for exercise or even to rescue the concept of autonomy and citizenship
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Gale, Fiona. "Children's and parents'/carers' perceptions of mental health and stigma." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29523.
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This study examined the perceptions of mental health and stigma in young children with emerging mental health problems, and those of their parents or carers. The study's objective was to gain some understanding of the context and impact of stigma on children and their parents/carers, and to determine factors which could contribute to service improvement and policies to tackle stigma. A qualitative design, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, was undertaken to explore children's and their parents'/carers' perceptions of mental health, children's mental health services and the stigma attached. Semi-structured interviews, using a specifically designed storybook technique, were conducted with 20 children, aged 5 to 11 years, who had been referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services for the first time. In addition, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with their parents or carers (n=23). The study found that young children and their parents/carers have sophisticated and complex perceptions of mental health and the stigma attached. However, the findings show that understanding of the definition of mental health is not salient, and that participants experience the discriminatory effects of the stigmatisation process. The effects of stigma are communicated within the parent/carer-child dyad, which serves to contribute to perceptions of shame, blame and being different held by children and parents/carers. Participants also have preconceived ideas about mental health and children's mental health services, which contribute to the stigmatisation process. In turn, this affects help-seeking and can contribute to the severity of children's mental health problems.
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Reuter, Cora L. "Perceptions of schizophrenia and educational recommendations how to break the stigma /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007reuterc.pdf.
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Hall, Jesi. "Perceptions of Confidentiality and Stigma Associated with use of Counseling Services." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3502.
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Counseling services are offered in most universities, but are often underutilized. Past researchers found that students listed time, cost, stigma, and confidentiality concerns as their top reasons for avoiding seeking help (e.g., Clement et al., 2015; Dearing, Maddux, and Tangney, 2005). The purpose of this study was to identify whether concerns about confidentiality affect stigma related to use of mental health services. Students answered questions about perceived stigma and the reasons they have avoided seeking counseling in the past. Those who had previously used services reported fewer confidentiality concerns. In a stepwise multiple regression, concerns about confidentiality were found to predict significantly more of the variability in perceived stigma. Students with confidentiality concerns were invited to a focus group to explore further, and major themes included pride, accessibility, cost, and lack of information. Future research is needed in implementing better communication with students about services and the purpose of counseling.
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Smith, Sara Joanne. "Straight allies: perceptions, beliefs, and identification." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8619.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychology
Donald A. Saucier
Individuals who associate with a stigmatized group may take on a “courtesy stigma”, and this may lead individuals to dissociate from stigmatized individuals for fear of also being stigmatized (Goffman, 1963). However many heterosexual individuals (i.e., straight allies) openly associate with lesbians and gay men (LG), and/or actively engage in LG social activism despite the risk of assuming a courtesy stigma. The current research examined the perceptions of and the identification processes associated with being straight allies. Results revealed that the willingness to take on a courtesy stigma may be influential in the process of straight ally identification. This research has implications for understanding the processes related to straight ally perceptions and identification. The current research will also promote general understanding of individuals who engage in prosocial behaviors despite possible negative consequences.
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Bryant, Ursula Moore. "Tolerance: Challenge, Perception, and Social Stigmas Defined through Visual Communications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2095.
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My explorations and journey through life have led me to discover a connection in my work and responsibility as a visual communicator. My objective of communicating challenge, perception, and social stigmas through informed stories of individual lives is to provoke questions and spark moments of awareness in viewers. With this supporting manuscript, I hope to inform about my motivations through time including my personal, artistic, and historical influences. I will define graphic design as a fine art through the evaluation of artistic movements. I also intend to discuss design as a language and build a case for social awareness. Evaluating the process of my work will enlighten the technical aspects of my unique aesthetic and prove the success of my intention.
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McLean, Andrew Gerald. "Psychological well-being and perceptions of stigma in people with a disability." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445477.
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Watson, Christina J. "Perceptions of Homeschooling." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525513771346317.
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Abrahams, Shahieda. "Perceptions of HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Muslims in a Cape Town community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5105_1181886620.
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South Africa has the largest percentage of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. However, the response against the further spread of HIV/AIDS in the country is being hindered by stigma and discrimination. In order to develop effective intervention programmes to control and reduce the further spread of the disease, it is first important to understand the nature of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and especially how people construct it. In the present study, the social construction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Muslims was investigated because high levels of stigma were found in this group. This was fuelled partly by the belief that HIV/AIDS was not a serious problem amongst Muslims. Two focus groups were conducted, one among Muslim women only and the second among Muslim men only. The main aim of the study was to examine the perceptions of HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Muslims. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis to determine the themes that emerged from the research material. The main findings of the study included that Muslims&rsquo
religious identity/positioning was the most salient discourse that informed how they understood, made meaning of, and responded to HIV/AIDS. They engaged in various forms of stigma such as &lsquo
othering&rsquo
, and mediating factors of stigma included religious positioning. Stigma also served as a social barrier to VCT and disclosure of HIV status. However, supportive attitudes and behaviours were also evident. The findings yielded useful insights into possible elements of intervention programmes, both to reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma, and also to encourage behavioural change in order to control and reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in this community.
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Ralph, Andrea Jayne. "Acquired brain injury : the public's understanding of survivors and survivors' perceptions of stigma." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6303.
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The portfolio has three parts: a systematic literature review, an empirical paper and a set of appendixes. Part 1 is a systematic literature review, in which the empirical literature assessing the public’s knowledge of acquired brain injury (ABI) and attitudes towards survivors is reviewed and critically evaluated. The review aims to identify the misconceptions commonly endorsed by the public and identify their attitudes towards survivors, to determine whether the stigmatisation of this population is likely. Part 2 is an empirical paper which aimed to explore whether survivors of ABI perceived stigma and anticipated discrimination. To achieve this, participants with ABI completed either an online (n= 114) or paper version (n= 36) of a questionnaire designed to assess their level of perceived stigma. This study further aimed to determine whether perceived stigma was associated with reduced self-efficacy and unemployment, given their negative impact on rehabilitation outcomes, continued recovery and quality of life post-injury. The findings and clinical implications are discussed and highlight the need for government and media campaigns to prioritise fighting the stigma of ABI and promoting the inclusion of survivors. Part 3 comprises the appendices, including a reflective account of the research process and additional information relating to Part 1 and Part 2 of the portfolio.
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Riger, Dana Frances. "Perceptions of Stigma in Online Dating Narratives: Implications for Marriage and Family Therapists." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86441.
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Despite increased usage of online dating platforms, perceptions of meeting partners online remain generally stigmatized. When people internalize stigmatized online dating narratives as self-stigma, there are implications for psychological wellbeing and relational health. In the current study, through an open-ended online survey, I explored online dating narratives and perceptions of stigma in the experiences of 110 participants who met their partners online. I used thematic analysis (Braun and Clark, 2006) to identify and illustrate resulting themes, which revealed that (a) a general stigma about meeting partners online persists; (b) individuals are more likely to share that they met their partner online if they perceive their audience to be trustworthy; (c) intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation influence how people share their online dating narratives; (d) a hierarchy of legitimacy exists amongst online dating platforms; and (e) the benefits of meeting online often outweigh the stigma. I used both symbolic interactionist and narrative therapy frameworks to explore the implications of these findings and make suggestions for marriage and family therapists (MFT) working with clients who met their partners online. As well, I proposed competencies in online relationships for MFT education.Ph. D.
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Montes, Dana Rose. "SOCIAL WORK PERCEPTIONS OF PEDOPHILES: OPENING THE DIALOGUE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/680.
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Pedophiles are the most stigmatized population in society (Jahnke, Imhoff, & Hoyer, 2015; Sanghara & Wilson, 2006). Social worker’s responsibility is to maintain standards and treat individuals with dignity and respect (NASW, 2017). It is important to explore bias against pedophiles because studies have shown bias is linked to offender recidivism rates (Jahnke, Schmidt, Geradt, & Hoyer, 2015). Social workers may unintentionally inhibit pedophiles from seeking treatment if they hold strong biases against them which could potentially negatively impact child abuse rates. The purpose of this study was to identify bias reduction techniques so that they could possibly be implemented in the social work field. Experienced social workers and social work students were interviewed so that the origins of and methods to combat bias could be explored. Themes among interviewee responses were identified and the importance of Opening a Dialogue eclipsed the need to utilize bias reduction techniques.
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Gove, Dianne M. "GPs, stigma and the timely diagnosis of dementia : a qualitative exploration. The implications of general practitioners' perceptions of dementia as a stigma for timely diagnosis." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5667.
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Background
The focus of this study is on how far GPs¿ perceptions of dementia map onto
the components and contributing factors to stigma as described by Link and
Phelan (2001; 2006) and Jones et al. (1984).
Aim
The study explores GPs¿ perceptions of dementia as a stigma, develops a
specific conceptualization of the stigma of dementia and considers implications
for timely diagnosis.
Methods
Data from twenty-three GPs in northern England were collected by semistructured
telephone interviews. Within the context of a qualitative design, a
combined process of grounded theory and framework analysis was adopted to
collect and analyse data.
Results The findings reveal that GPs¿ perceptions of dementia map onto Link and
Phelan and Jones¿ identification of contributing factors and components of
stigma and may hinder timely diagnosis. Three themes emerged reflecting a
dynamic process of making sense of dementia, relating perceptions to oneself
and considering the consequences of dementia. Within those themes, certain
categories had particular salience for GPs, namely the characteristics of the
attribute, existential anxiety and discrimination. The themes and categories are
inter-related and can be considered as parts of a system. Perceived lack of
reciprocity could be detected in most categories which suggests that it is
influential in the social construction of the stigma of dementia.
Conclusion
The data suggest that current conceptualizations of stigma are insufficient to
fully account for the stigma of dementia. A specific conceptualization of the
stigma of dementia is proposed and the implications of GPs¿ perceptions for
timely diagnosis are discussed.
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Gosdin, Melissa M. "Perceptions of Postpartum Depression among Adolescent Mothers and the Social Construction of Related Stigma." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4916/.
Full textAbstract:
Six serial focus groups were used to explore the perceptions of postpartum depression among nine adolescent mothers. The discussions were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed using symbolic interaction theory, specifically Goffman's concept of stigma. Participants identified major stigma themes in relation to postpartum depression, teenage pregnancy and motherhood, all of which were portrayed negatively in the media. Several key causes of adolescent postpartum depression were also found including self esteem relating to poor body image and social support. The findings indicate a much needed change in the way adolescent mothers are identified and treated for postpartum depression. Additionally, the importance of social support in preventing and treating adolescent postpartum depression is highlighted and programs addressing such concerns must be implemented.
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Ashworth, Rosalie Marie. "Experiences of early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease : perceptions of stigma and future outlook." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24380.
Full textAbstract:
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is encouraged as a first step towards people planning for their future with the condition. Despite the proposed benefits of diagnosis, it is also widely recognised that Alzheimer’s disease can expose people to stigma. Therefore, this thesis explores the relationship between stigma and future outlook, from the perspective of people affected by early and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. In order to recognise the physicality of the condition and how psychological and social factors influence experiences, a biopsychosocial perspective is employed throughout. People with Alzheimer’s disease (n=15 people with late-onset, 7 people with early-onset) and their supporters (n=22) completed questionnaires about perceived stigma. This was followed by 14 interviews with a subsample of participants, which explored stigma and future outlook in more depth. Perceived stigma reporting across participants was low in the questionnaires; whereas interviews revealed higher levels of stigma with people discussing mixed, unpredictable reactions from a range of sources. Participants expressed awareness of the unpredictable nature of their futures with the condition. The subsequent lack of control was managed through focusing on ‘one day at a time’ and avoiding looking too far ahead. Across reflections on stigma and future outlook there was a deliberate focus on positive experiences for people affected by early and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The similar management of experiences across participants minimised possible age-based differences. These findings are supported by socioemotional selectivity theory, which suggests people are motivated to maintain positive emotional states when facing ‘time-limiting’ conditions irrespective of age. The research suggests people’s experiences of stigma and future outlook interact, with stigma-driven assumptions about the future affecting how people manage their daily lives. The avoidance of looking ahead suggests that policy which encourages future planning should consider its utility and explore ways of helping people to manage both exposure to stigma, and planning for the future, whilst focusing on daily living.
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Buelna, Alexander J. "Veterans' Perceptions of Military Stigma and the Shame Associated with Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10118094.
Full textAbstract:
Military stigma is a heavy burden of social stigma internalized by veterans who are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during post-deployment psychological screening. PTSD is classified as a mental disorder associated with widespread reluctance to seek medical assistance. Among military veterans who suffer from combat-related posttraumatic stress (PTS), military stigma is considered a widespread problem. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore veterans’ perceptions of various aspects of military stigma, including post-deployment psychological screening, the diagnosis of PTSD, and factors associated with reluctance to seek medical assistance for PTS. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 10 veterans of 2 recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. A modified form of labeling theory was applied to address the role of cultural stereotypes in stigma (societal and self-internalized), and the discriminatory factors associated with them. Multiple themes emerged, including a commonly held view that post-deployment health screenings are superficial, inconsistent, and ineffective procedures in which veterans feel the need to lie about their experience for fear of being stigmatized with a mental disorder. The findings confirm that the stigma associated with a diagnosis of PTSD perpetuates veterans’ reluctance to seek help for PTS, which results in multiple personal and professional problems. Remedies recommended by these veterans included improved post-deployment medical screening procedures, reclassification of PTSD as a war injury instead of a mental disorder, and PTS-related stigma awareness training.
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Gove, Dianne Marie. "GPs, stigma and the timely diagnosis of dementia : a qualitative exploration : the implications of general practitioners' perceptions of dementia as a stigma for timely diagnosis." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5667.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The focus of this study is on how far GPs' perceptions of dementia map onto the components and contributing factors to stigma as described by Link and Phelan (2001; 2006) and Jones et al. (1984). Aim: The study explores GPs' perceptions of dementia as a stigma, develops a specific conceptualization of the stigma of dementia and considers implications for timely diagnosis. Methods: Data from twenty-three GPs in northern England were collected by semistructured telephone interviews. Within the context of a qualitative design, a combined process of grounded theory and framework analysis was adopted to collect and analyse data. Results: The findings reveal that GPs' perceptions of dementia map onto Link and Phelan and Jones' identification of contributing factors and components of stigma and may hinder timely diagnosis. Three themes emerged reflecting a dynamic process of making sense of dementia, relating perceptions to oneself and considering the consequences of dementia. Within those themes, certain categories had particular salience for GPs, namely the characteristics of the attribute, existential anxiety and discrimination. The themes and categories are inter-related and can be considered as parts of a system. Perceived lack of reciprocity could be detected in most categories which suggests that it is influential in the social construction of the stigma of dementia. Conclusion: The data suggest that current conceptualizations of stigma are insufficient to fully account for the stigma of dementia. A specific conceptualization of the stigma of dementia is proposed and the implications of GPs' perceptions for timely diagnosis are discussed.
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Morris, Brian Kenneth. "Perceptions of Complexions: Consciousness and Self-Identification Among Dark-Skinned Blacks." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/959.
Full textAbstract:
Skin tone variation within American black communities has long been associated with intraracial stratification. Data from the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA) indicate that lighter-skinned blacks – net of such factors as region of residence, age, and sex – consistently have higher levels of nearly every socioeconomic indicator including educational attainment, personal and family income, and perceived physical attractiveness when compared to their darker counterparts. What does this color caste system mean for the personal identities and emotional experiences of dark-skinned blacks in America? Using data from the NSBA and six interviews with dark-skinned blacks, I set forth social psychological implications of a phenotypically stratified subgroup in the United States.
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Lang, Brent Alan. "Lay Perceptions of Behavioral and Substance Addictions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447711322.
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Easthope-Mowatt, Yvette. "Perceptions of social stigma in people who believe themselves to have negatively valued facial characteristics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491156.
Full textAbstract:
Although much research has been carried out with regard to those who stigmatise, little has been conducted from the standpoint ofthose exposed to stigmatisation. With the aid of questionnaire measures, the present study aimed to look at stigma from the prospective of participants who believed that they had a stigmatising mark (a temporary facial scar), which in some cases was removed surreptitiously prior to a social interaction with a confederate. While several hypotheses were explored, none were supported fully. Nevertheless, several elements pertaining to stigma produced significant results, suggesting that participants who believed that they had scars not only found their own appearance to be stigmatising, they also thought that the people they interacted with found their appearance to be stigmatising. Secondly, there were gender differences with regard to feeling of stigmatisation, males who believed that they had stigmatising marks reported feeling more stigmatised than their female counterparts, a result that was contrary to what had been hypothesised. Finally, there was evidence to suggest that participants with higher trait anxiety scores rated some images of disfigurement images as more anxiety provoking and more stigmatising than those who rated themselves as less anxious. Although it was hypothesised that felt stigma would be experienced by participants in both the scar and the scar removed conditions, no evidence was provided to support this. It is possible however that the type of stigma reported by participants in the present study may have been a precursor to felt stigma, but further research is needed to explore any possible links.
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Malli, Melina Aikaterini. "Adolescents' perceptions of their peers with Tourette's syndrome : does a brief anti-stigma intervention help?" Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/70039/.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aim: Tourette's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by tics. It is a condition that has been stigmatised by the public. School age children and especially adolescents often experience rejection from their typically developing peers due to their symptomology which could hinder school inclusion and social participation. Therefore, there is a need for implementing interventions to target typically developing peers' inaccurate knowledge about TS, and their negative attitudes. There is also a paucity of studies that explore the motivation of peers who stigmatise against people with TS. Understanding stigma and its underlying causes, however, is vital to develop effective interventions that can minimise and help to eventually eradicate stigma. The aim of the thesis is therefore three-fold: firstly, to understand how individuals with TS were perceived by typically developing adolescents. Secondly, based on these attitudes, to develop a tailor-made anti-stigma intervention; and thirdly to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed intervention within a secondary school classroom setting. Method: A sequential mixed-method design was used. Qualitative data were collected to capture tic-free adolescents' motives, and reasoning involved in the exclusion of individuals with TS. These findings were then used to design a tailor- made intervention and research measures. A randomised cluster control trial with a mixed-model design was used to determine the impact of the developed intervention on tic-free adolescents' awareness of Tourette's syndrome, attitudes, and behaviours towards individuals with TS. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention and 9 weeks after its implementation. This is the first intervention that was specifically designed for adolescents and with an assessment at a follow-up stage. Results: The qualitative study indicated that adolescents understanding about the condition was construed from misconceptions, unfamiliarity and unanswered questions. Furthermore, people with TS were either perceived as being deprived of agency and strength or as deserving pity, and in need of support. These findings helped design the intervention which was implanted on Year Ten students in a school in the South East. Upon completion of the intervention, positive changes were recorded relating to students' awareness, attitudes and behavioural intentions. Tic-free adolescents were more willing to embrace diversity within the classroom and rejected previously held notions of ableism. However, only changes in awareness were maintained at the 9-weeks follow-up. Conclusion: Tailor-made interventions can contribute substantially to preventing consolidation of unfavourable attitudes towards individuals with TS. Future research should however place emphasis on how these positive outcomes could be maintained over time. Implications of these findings for school curricula and mental health policy, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.
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Pena, Pena Manuela. "Etude et compréhension des mécanismes d’auto dépréciation et d’auto-affirmation des personnes obèses." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100118/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse vise la compréhension des processus d’auto-dépréciation et d'auto-affirmation chez les personnes obèses. 209 personnes obèses et 920 personnes normo-pondérées ont participé à ce travail composé de six expérimentations. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes d’abord penchés sur les représentations sociales liées à l'obésité et à la personne obèse, en fonction du contact intergroupe. Ensuite, nous avons construit et validé un outil de mesure du sentiment de rejet lié au poids (sentiment de stigmatisation). Pour finir, nous avons testé les effets de l'auto-affirmation, sur des mesures d'image de soi, chez une population normo-pondérée et obèse. Dans un premier temps, il a été montré que lorsqu’il y a contact entre une personne obèse et non obèse, la représentation sociale est plus empathique, qu’en absence de contact. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons éprouvé la validité du questionnaire d’auto-stigmatisation (sensibilité, validité de contenu, fiabilité). Celui-ci permet de déterminer la fréquence de situations stigmatisantes vécues par l’individu, associée aux émotions ressenties lors de ces situations. Pour finir, nous mettons en évidence que la technique d'auto-affirmation, via le protocole de Napper, Harris et Epton, (2009), entraine des effets d’auto-centration et de comparaison sociale, susceptibles d’interférer dans le processus de valorisation de l'image de soi des personnes obèses. Ce travail permet de montrer les processus identitaires personnels et sociaux engagés dans le traitement de la question de l’image des individus obèses. Nous proposons un cadre d'analyse des processus identitaires en jeu dans le cas du sentiment de rejet lié au poidsThe aims of this thesis are to understand the processes of self-depreciation and self-affirmation in obese people. 209 obese and 920 normal-weight people took part in this six experiment thesis. We first examined social representations related to obesity and obese people, according to intergroup contact. Then we developed and validated a weight related stigma feeling questionnaire. Finally, we tested coping strategies and self-affirmation effects (ie, protocol Napper, Epton and Harris, 2009), on self-image measures, in normal-weight and obese people.Firstly, results show that when there is contact between an obese and a non-obese person, their social representation is more empathetic than without contact. Secondly, we tested the validity of the weight related stigma feeling questionnaire (sensitivity, content validity, reliability). This questionnaire determines individual stigmatizing experiences frequency associated with emotions experienced in those situations. Finally, we highlight that self-affirmation technique, through Napper, Harris and Epton's protocol (2009), causes self-centering and social comparison effects that could interfere in obese people's self-image enhancement process. Our work helps to emphasize the personal and social identity processes involved in treating obese people’s image question. We propose an analysis framework of identity processes involved in weight related rejection feeling