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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sterols'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Al-Shakarchi, E. M. D. "Transformation of sterols in plant tissue cultures." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384187.

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2

RONDET, SABINE. "Biosynthese des sterols : 4-carboxy-sterol decarboxylases de plante superieure et de levure ; identification, caracterisation et purification." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13225.

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La voie de biosynthese des sterols comporte deux etapes de demethylation en c4. Le systeme multienzymatique catalysant ce processus comprend au moins trois enzymes distinctes : la 4-methylsterol oxydase (4mo), la 4-carboxysterol decarboxylase (4cd) et la 3-ceto steroide oxydoreductase (3 cor). Nous avons pu, pour la premiere fois, identifier la 4cd de plante superieure et de levure dans des microsomes de zea mays et de saccharomyces cerevisiae, apres synthese de differents substrats et identification rigoureuse du produit de reaction, a savoir un 3-cetosteroide decarboxyle. Nous avons ensuite mis au point un test enzymatique operationnel et fiable, ce qui nous a permis d'etablir les parametres enzymologiques de la reaction. Les resultats indiquent notamment que l'etape de decarboxylation n'est pas limitante dans le processus global de demethylation des sterols en c4. Le mode d'action de la 4cd s'apparente a celui d'une 3-hydroxysterol deshydrogenase dependante de nad(p) -, nad + etant beaucoup plus efficace que nadp +. De plus, nous avons montre que la reaction catalysee par la 4cd est independante de l'oxygene moleculaire, ce qui indique l'existence de deux phases distinctes dans le processus de demethylation en c4, a savoir : une phase strictement dependante de l'oxygene catalysee par la 4mo, suivie d'une phase independante de l'oxygene, catalysee par la 4cd et la 3cor. La recherche d'inhibiteurs du systeme de demethylation en c4 nous a conduits a l'obtention de deux inhibiteurs efficaces de la 4mo et de la 4cd de mais respectivement. Nous avons entrepris la purification de la 4cd de mais et nous avons obtenu apres trois etapes de chromatographie (echange d'anions, affinite puis exclusion) un taux de purification de 300 a 500 fois, ce qui permet d'envisager le microsequencage de la proteine ou la production d'anticorps specifiques, dans l'optique du clonage du gene correspondant.
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3

Houweling, Adrielle H. "Efficacy of plant sterol treatment in individuals with high or low baseline levels of circulating plasma plant sterols." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101141.

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Plant sterols are effective cholesterol-lowering agents; however, recent evidence suggests that this treatment may not be safe and beneficial in all individuals. This study determined whether high and low baseline circulating plasma campesterol and sitosterol are related to subsequent changes in plasma LDL-C, plant sterol or CRP levels, after accounting for plant sterol supplementation in hypercholesterolemic men (n=82). This trial was a 2-phase randomized cross-over design consisting of a controlled diet with and without a dose of 2.0 g/d of plant sterols over 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in plasma LDL-C, in the elevation of plasma plant sterol or in the changes of CRP levels for high and low groups, respectively. In view of these data, a supplement of 2.0 g/d of plant sterols should be viewed as a safe and beneficial cholesterol-lowering therapy for all individuals, with respect to their baseline plasma plant sterol levels.
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4

Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik. "Sterols in daphnia nutrition: physiological and ecological consequences." Berlin Logos, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2780263&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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5

MacLachlan, J. "Analytical studies of oxygenated sterols in human serum." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234856.

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6

Almeida, de Carvalho Maria Joao. "Sterol requirements in Drosophila melanogaster." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-24817.

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Sterol is an abundant component of eukaryotic cell membranes and is thought to influence membrane properties such as permeability, fluidity and microdomain formation. Drosophila is an excellent model system in which to study functional requirements for membrane sterol because, although it does not synthesize sterol, it nevertheless requires sterols to complete development. Moreover, Drosophila normally incorporates sterols into cell membranes. Thus, dietary sterol depletion can be used to specifically reduce membrane sterol levels. In contrast, vertebrates do synthesize cholesterol. In this way, sterol depletion in vertebrates demand the use of approaches such as chemical extractions, drug treatments or genetic manipulation which are prone to have side effects. We have controlled the level and type of dietary sterol available to developing Drosophila larvae in order to investigate the requirement for sterol in cell membranes, and to distinguish it from the function of sterol as a precursor for signaling molecules. Strikingly, we show that membrane sterol levels can be reduced 6-fold in most tissues without affecting cell or larval viability. Larvae respond to sterol depletion by arresting their growth and development, and by increasing the level of specific sphingolipid variants that promote survival when sterol is scarce. Thus, non-sterol lipids are able to substitute for sterols in the maintenance of basic membrane biophysical properties required for life. Despite this, Drosophila larvae regulate their growth to maintain membrane sterol levels within tight limits. The existence of this novel membrane sterol-dependent growth control mechanism indicates an important role for bulk membrane sterol in the tissue specific functions of differentiated cells.
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7

Tyle, Praveen. "Phytosterol stabilized emulsions /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859497823.

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8

Ntanios, Fady Y. "Cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant sterols : mechanisms of action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0018/NQ44534.pdf.

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9

Ali, Muftah Younis. "Studies on the sterols and chemotherapy of Leishmania mexicana." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337129.

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10

Barker, Gillian M. "Bile acids and neutral sterols in familial adenomatous polyposis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308002.

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In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), inactivation of the APC gene is directly linked to the development of gastrointestinal polyps and cancer. It is likely that other epigenetic factors are involved in the malignant change of polyp to carcinoma. Previous studies have implied an abnormal bile acid profile, both in faeces and bile. In this study, using carefully matched control groups, extraction of bile acids from faeces and bile was performed and analysis was rigorously performed using Gas-liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the profile of major bile acids. An increased faecal excretion of two minor bile acids, 5β-cholanoic acid-3α-ol-12-one and 5α-cholanoic acid-3α-ol-12-one and an increased level of 5β-cholanoic acid-3α-01-12-one in bile was found in patients with FAP. A difference in the faecal neutral sterol profile had also been suggested, but this study showed no significant difference between the two groups when matching controls are used. This study does not support the idea that there are significant differences in faecal bile acid, biliary bile acid or neutral sterol profiles between individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis and controls.
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11

Meljon, Anna. "Sterols and oxysterols in brain and the immune system." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42246.

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This project investigates sterol and oxysterol content of murine brain and macrophages. Oxysterols are oxidised forms of cholesterol implicated in a wide array of biological functions. The compounds were analysed with LC-MS LTQ-Orbitrap high resolution system, which provides a highly sensitive and accurate tool for analysis of metabolites. We profiled a sterol content of newborn murine brain and identified a broad spectrum of oxysterols. Some of these compounds are implicated in neurogenesis, a number of other oxysterols derived from desmosterol were identified in brain tissue for the first time. We analysed murine model of human disease arising from reduced ability to produce cholesterol (SLOS). The sterol profile showed an altered level of cholesterol precursors and generally lowered concentration of oxysterols. Next, we moved to analysis of brain lipidome from animals with disrupted mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol hydroxylase Cyp46al provides the mechanism of cholesterol removal from the brain. The study of the knock out mice did not reveal the existence of any compensatory mechanisms. The results showed mainly the reduction in cholesterol synthesis. We profiled a sterol content of Cyp27al-/- mouse brain. Cyp27al participates in bile acid synthesis. The steroid profile revealed changed pattern of mono- and polihydroxylated sterols suggesting an upregulation of an alternative pathway of bile acid synthesis. We also analysed the consequence of deficiency of another enzyme involved in bile acids synthesis Cyp7bl. In brain of Cyp7bl-/- mouse we found elevated levels of known Cyp7bl substrates, and increased concentration of other, putative substrates for this enzyme. The last experimental chapter concentrates on analysis of murine macrophages treated with interferon beta and gamma. The treatment induced an increased production of 25-hydroxycholesterol. This links sterol metabolism with mechanisms of immune defence.
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12

Wotherspoon, Andrew T. L. "The analysis of oxygenated sterols in human plasma lipoporteins." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688240.

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13

Meaney, Steve. "Studies on oxysterols : origins, properties and roles /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-635-9.

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14

Amann, Alain. "Syntheses stereospecifiques de sterols et de triterpenes polyhydroxyles d'interêt biologique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13107.

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Nous nous interessons a des sterols et a des triterpenes polyhydroxyles presentant une cytotoxyxite selective sur les cellules tumorales et une activite immunomodulatrice. Nous proposons des syntheses stereospecifiques du : hydroxy-7beta cholesterol par reduction de l'oxo-7 cholesterol par nabh4/cecl3/meoh. Hydroxy-7alpha cholesterol par reduction des esters d'oxo-7 cholesteryle par le l-selectride. (22s)-hydroxy-22 desmosterol par couplage d'un aldehyde en c-22 avec un ylure d'arsenic et reduction avec libhet3 de l'epoxyde alpha, beta-insature obtenu. (22s)-hydroxy-22lanosterol en construisant la chaine laterale comme decrit ci-dessus, apres avoir degrade la chaine du lanosterol par une methode nouvelle. Les alcools 22s sont inverses en leurs epimeres 22r par la methode de corey. Controlant alors les stereochimies en positions 7 et 22, nous proposons des voies de synthese stereospecifiques conduisant a chacun des quatre epimeres du -dihydroxy-7,22 cholesterol. Le (22s)-dihydroxy-7alpha ,22 cholesterol se revele particulierement interessant pour ses proprietes biologiques : a une dose de 3. 12 micromolaire, il est toxique in vitro sur les cellules tumorales rdm4
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15

Lee, Jason Philip. "The TRC8 hereditary kidney cancer gene product is regulated by sterols and modulates SREBP levels /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Human Medical Genetics) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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16

Evans, Timothy Martin. "Molecular events in hedgehog signalling : regulation by vesicular trafficking and sterols /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18704.pdf.

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17

Dickson, Sandra R. "Analytical studies of trace quantities of oxygenated sterols by GC-MS." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636798.

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Coronary heart disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of premature deaths in developed countries . The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown although elevated serum cholesterol levels are implicated as a major risk factor, and lipid lowering drugs have been successful in its treatment. Oxygenated sterols have also been implicated4 although due to their diversity, trace amounts compared to cholesterol and cholesterol autoxidation producing altifacts less is known of their risk. The work in this thesis optimised extraction and instrumental parameters that led to improved detection of oxysterols in serum. This was done through extraction and emichment of the oxysterols which removed the higher levels of 'swamping' cholesterol. Then by using novel derivatives and the softer negative ion chemical ionisation, this allowed the current to be concentrated in the molecular ion thus improving sensitivity. The determination of non-artifact cholesterol oxides which were prepared by adding perchloric acid to the serum, allowed for the assumption that subsequent cholesterol oxides formed in the work-up must be autoxidation artifacts. This allowed for a more accurate method of quantifying oxysterols in serum. The perchloric acid catalysed rearrangement of cholesterol oxides produced Cholestanetriol and Westphalin's diol which have been characterized with respect to standard compounds. However the elucidation of the structure of the third product, another ene diol was accomplished here using NMR and GC-MS studies since no standard reference compound was available. Trace oxysterols were identified and quantified in serum, through the optimization of parameters which improved detection and by the determination of autoxidation products.
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18

Ginger, Michael Louis. "A newly discovered metabolic route from leucine to sterols in trypanosomatids." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263842.

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19

Elhmmali, Mohamed Mimoun. "Complementary use of bile acids and sterols as sewage pollution indicators." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245524.

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20

Chávez, Martínez Ángel de Jesús. "Altered Levels of Glycosylated Sterols Affect Tomato Development and Stress Response." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673610.

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Los esteroles son una familia de compuestos triterpénicos que se presentan en forma libre (FS, por sus siglas en inglés) o conjugada, como ésteres (SE), glicósidos (SG) y acilglicósidos de esteroles (ASG). Los esteroles glicosilados (SG y ASG) y los FS son componentes de la membrana celular, donde en combinación con otros lípidos unidos a la membrana juegan un papel clave en la modulación de sus propiedades y función. Las esterol glicosiltransferasas (SGT) catalizan la glicosilación del grupo hidroxilo en la posición C-3 de los FS para producir SGs. Trabajos previos realizados en nuestro grupo de investigación han demostrado que la familia de genes SGT en tomate consta de 4 miembros (SlSGT1-4) los cuales se expresan diferencialmente. Siendo SlSGT1 el gen más expresado en los diferentes órganos del tomate, mientras que la expresión del gen SlSGT4 es apenas detectable en condiciones basales, pero se regula positivamente en respuesta a diferentes estímulos de estrés. Aunque las cuatro SlSGT codifican enzimas SlSGT funcionales, la contribución individual de cada isoforma al perfil de esteroles glicosilados, así como el impacto de una composición alterada de estos esteroles conjugados en plantas de tomate, están lejos de comprenderse. En este proyecto de tesis investigamos como los niveles alterados de esteroles glicosilados, obtenidos por silenciamiento de la expresión de SlSGT1 mediada por microARN artificial o sobreexpresión de SlSGT4 afectan el crecimiento y desarrollo del tomate y su respuesta al estrés. En el estado vegetativo, el silenciamiento de SlSGT1 dio como resultado un fenotipo pleiotrópico caracterizado por plantas más cortas y con menor área foliar. También se observó una deducción del tamaño de los frutos. En ambos casos, las alteraciones fenotípicas se asociaron a una disminución en el contenido de esteroles glicosilados, debido principalmente a una disminución en los niveles de SG, la cual fue paralela a una acumulación de FS. Por otro lado, los resultados obtenidos sugieren cierta preferencia de SlSGT1 por el estigmasterol como sustrato para la glicosilación, y demuestran que está isoforma de SGT de tomate no está involucrada en la síntesis de glicoalcaloides esteroideos (SGA), un tipo de metabolitos especializados que participan en la respuesta de defensa de las plantas. También se estudió la respuesta de las plantas silenciadas SlSGT1 al estrés biótico (infección por Botrytis cinerea) y abiótico (frio), y se observó una mayor resistencia a la infección por B. cinera, pero una menor tolerancia al estrés por frio. Estos resultados demuestran que los SG juegan un papel en el desarrollo de las plantas y frutos de tomate, así como en la respuesta al estrés. Para entender mejor los mecanismos moleculares que conllevan a estos efectos fisiológicos, se realizaron experimentos de secuenciación de ARN (RNA-seq) en hojas y frutos de las líneas silenciadas SlSGT1, los resultados de este análisis muestran una regulación negativa de varios genes involucrados en los procesos de desarrollo y respuesta a diferentes estímulos que podrían ayudar a explicar algunos de los fenotipos observados. Además, generamos plantas transgénicas de tomate sobreexpresando constitutivamente SlSGT4. Sorprendentemente, los niveles de esteroles glicosilados en estas líneas transgénicas fueron más bajos que en las plantas de tipo silvestre, probablemente como resultado de una reducción en los niveles de SlSGT1 concomitantes detectados en estas líneas. La caracterización fenotípica de estas plantas mostró que los cambios en la expresión de SlSGT4, como los observados en el silenciamiento de SlSGT1, afectan el crecimiento de las plantas y frutos de tomate, pero también la producción y germinación de semillas. En conjunto los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo muestran evidencias contundentes del importante papel que juegan los esteroles glicosilados en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas y los frutos de tomate, así como en la respuesta de las plantas a estreses bióticos y abióticos, y sienta las bases para futuros estudios dirigidos a comprender con más detalle los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales los esteroles glicosilados afectan estos procesos fisiológicos.
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21

Mühlebach, Anneke. "Sterole im herbstlichen Weddellmeer (Antarktis) : großräumige Verteilung, Vorkommen und Umsatz = Sterols in the autumnal Weddell Sea (Antarctica): large-scale distribution, occurrence, and turnover /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/265838851.pdf.

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22

Chrisp, P. "Novel azasterol antifungal agents from microorganisms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380145.

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23

Scheidt, Holger A., Peter Müller, Andreas Herrmann, Klaus Arnold, Klaus Gawrisch, and Daniel Huster. "Comparing the biophysical properties of sterols in lipid membranes – what is special about cholesterol?: Comparing the biophysical properties of sterols in lipid membranes –what is special about cholesterol?" Diffusion fundamentals 3 (2005) 35, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14325.

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24

Hanke, Georg. "Vorkommen, Verteilung und Umsatz biogener organischer Spurenstoffe : Sterole in antarktischen Gewässern = Occurrence, distribution and turnover of biogenic organic trace compounds : Sterols in antarctic waters /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/185783406.pdf.

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25

O'Neill, Frans Hendrik. "Effects of dietary plant sterols and stanols on cholesterol metablolism in humans." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396345.

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26

Soubias, Olivier. "Développements méthodologiques en RMN du solide pour l'étude des interactions sterols-membrane." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30256.

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L'étude des interactions au sein d'une membrane biologique est au centre de la comprhénsion de son organisation supramoléculaire et de sa dynamique fonctionnelle. En particulier, la mise en évidence récentes des domaines lipidiques, riches en cholestérol et en lipides saturés qui joueraient un rôle important dans la signalisation intracellulaire a renouvelé l'intérêt d'apporter de nouvelles informations sur les interactions et la dynamique de système modèle lipides -stérols et/ou stérols- protéines. Cette thèse regroupe un ensemble de développements méthodologiques en RMN du solide qui permettent d'appréhender ces interactions spécfiques
The discovery of lipid rafts, lateral domains in membranes of elevated cholesterol and glycosphingolipid content that potentially play an important role in cell signaling, has renewed interest in the study of sterol-lipid interaction. Several approaches have been developped in this doctoral thesis to investigate the structure, dynamics and interaction between sterol and phospholipids by using solid state NMR
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27

Barnathan, Gilles. "Acides gras et sterols d'eponges marines du senegal et de nouvelle-caledonie." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT01VS.

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28

Rao, T. S. P., N. S. Sarma, Y. L. N. Murthy, Venkata Siva Satya Narayana Kantamreddi, Colin W. Wright, and P. S. Parameswaran. "New polyhydroxy sterols from the marine sponge Callyspongia fibrosa (Ridley and Dendly)." Elsevier, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4540.

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Four new polyhydroxylated sterols are isolated from Marine sponge Callyspongia fibrosa collected from the Gulf of Mannar, western Bay of Bengal (India). The structural assignment is based on 1H and 13C NMR spectra. All sterols are based on the known 24S-24-methyl cholesterol 1 which is also isolated, and contain 3b,6b-dihydroxy system and 25-O-acetate as common features (except in the case of sterol 6 that has a D25 in the place of 25-OAc). Additional OH substitution is also present at 5a in 4a and at 8b in 5. A further 12b-OH is present in 6 and 7. The hydroxylation pattern is so far known only in coral sterols but is without a precedent in sponge sterols. The major steroid 4a showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum on the chloroquine-resistant stain better than on the chloroquine-sensitive strain.
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29

Leeming, Rhys, and n/a. "Coprostanol and related sterols as tracers for feacal contamination in Australian aquatic environments." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060816.172519.

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Pollution from human and animal faecal waste is a major cause of deteriorating water quality and increased nutrient loads in coastal and inland waterways. Management of this problem depends on knowing which sources of faecal matter are the cause and what is the degree and extent of the pollution. Bacterial indicator organisms have long been the principal method used to test water samples for faecal contamination. However, none of the currently used bacterial indicators on their own are source specific enough to distinguish different sources of faecal matter. The use of faecal sterol biomarkers in conjunction with existing bacterial indicators offers a new way to distinguish sources of faecal contamination. This study investigates the sources of faecal sterols, the relationship of coprostanol to existing bacterial indicators of faecal pollution, the degradation of faecal sterols and the problem of determining the sources of faecal contamination and the distribution of faecal contamination using faecal sterol biomarkers. 5p-Stanols (i.e. faecal sterols) were found to be significant constituents of human, herbivore (i.e. cows, sheep etc.) and pig and cat faeces. Human faeces contained 73 ± 4% coprostanol in relation to the sum of coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol and primary treated effluent contained 86 ± 0.4% coprostanol. Herbivore faeces contained 38 ± 4% coprostanol and 62 ± 4% 24-ethylcoprostanol whereas pig faeces contained 50 � 5% of each compound. Both birds and dogs faeces contained either trace amounts of 5B-stanols or they could not be detected. Notable differences were observed in the abundance of Closthdium perfringens spores between the faeces of birds and domestic pets such as cats and dogs. The above differences were subsequently exploited to distinguish faecal contamination in Lake Tuggerah. An examination of the relationships between coprostanol and bacterial indicator concentrations from several environments revealed that 60 and 400 ng L of coprostanol corresponded to currently defined primary and secondary contact limits for bacteria measured as either thermotolerant coliforms or enterococci in the environment. Four degradation experiments showed faecal sterols and related sterols such as cholesterol decay at similar rates. An induction period was observed in all experiments which meant that simple exponential equations to describe the rate of decay of coprostanol were inadequate; a complimentary log - log transformation of the data was used and the equation: Y = l-Exp(-Exp(time x -0.01 + temp x -0.158 + 3.33)) x 100 was derived where Y equals the predicted percentage of coprostanol remaining over time at a given temperature. In terms of persistence in the environment, Clostridium perfringens spores > coprostanol > enterococci > thermotolerant coliforms. Two field studies were undertaken to highlight the use of faecal sterols. In the Lake Tuggerah study, the results indicated that faecal contamination of receiving waters in the Tuggerah Lakes during rain events was significant, but was not derived from human faecal matter; rather it appears to be principally derived from native birds and, to a lesser extent, domestic pets. In the Derwent Estuary study, based on the distribution of the faecal biomarker coprostanol, the mid estuary and parts of the upper estuary (from Newtown Bay to Taroona), were found to be severely contaminated by sewage. In summary, the use of faecal sterols to trace faecal contamination were found to be an invaluable addition to the tools water managers use to investigate faecal pollution.
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30

Brostrom, Kathleen A. "Are Fecal Sterols a Possible Alternative Indicator of Human Waste Contamination in Hawaiian Recreational Waters?" Thesis, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22259.

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Many of Hawaii’s recreational streams and beaches contain high fecal indicator bacteria levels that are not indicative of sewage pollution. Instead, this pollution is due to environmental sources of fecal bacteria which reside and multiply in tropical soils. Current EPA fecal indicator bacteria are no longer representative of human fecal contamination in tropical waters. Fecal sterols have been used as chemical indicators of fecal pollution in many parts of the world. The primary sterol found in human feces is coprostanol. Detection and quantification of coprostanol and related sterols using GCMS analysis provides a fingerprint that can be used to characterize fecal contamination. The objective of this study was to assay for fecal sterols as an independent method to determine whether streams in Hawaii are contaminated with sewage. This method was applied to ambient streams, a stream recently contaminated by a sewage spill, and a stream suspected to be affected by a sewage line leak. The results of this study showed that some ambient streams in Hawaii contain high levels of fecal indicator bacteria, but low concentrations of coprostanol (<10 ng/L). A stream contaminated with sewage during a sewage spill event contained high concentrations of coprostanol (18,000 ng/L) in the first 24 hours after contamination, but this level dropped to ≤ 60 mg/L after 72 hours. A stream suspected to be contaminated with sewage contained significant levels of coprostanol (>1000 ng/L) when fecal indicators were also high, confirming a possible sewage line leak. This study demonstrated that coprostanol is a useful and independent measurement of sewage pollution. It is best used in conjunction with other fecal indicators and human fecal markers if confirmation of human fecal pollution is sought.
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Hudson, Edward D. "The biogeochemistry of sterols in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, and a new method (thin layer chromatography-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) for their analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47458.pdf.

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32

Heverin, Maura. "Brain cholesterol metabolism : a study of mouse and man /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-474-0/.

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33

Alphonse, Peter AS. "Genetic variants affecting responses of plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics to dietary cholesterol versus plant sterol consumption in a founder population." Lipids-Springer, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31823.

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Lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and increasing HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations remain the primary targets in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Dietary cholesterol and plant sterols differentially modulate cholesterol kinetics and lipoprotein distribution. Inter-individual variations in the rates of cholesterol absorption and synthesis, and the reciprocal interaction between them affect the responses to dietary sterols. Genetic heterogeneity profoundly influences such responsiveness. However, limited research exists on the genetic determinants of dietary cholesterol versus plant sterols responsiveness in healthy individuals, especially in a founder population, such as the Hutterites in Manitoba of European descent who practice a communal living system. Our study examined the differential effects of dietary cholesterol versus plant sterol consumption on plasma lipoprotein levels, subclasses, and cholesterol kinetics and assessed how genetic variants influenced these responses. A double-blind, randomized, crossover study with three interventional periods of 4 wk duration each was conducted. Healthy Hutterite individuals (n=49) from Manitoba consumed daily either 2 g of plant sterols or 600 mg of cholesterol incorporated into milkshakes, or a placebo during each period. Plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein subclass distribution were determined. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed by stable isotopic tracer techniques. Participants were genotyped for 38 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms across 25 genes involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. Dietary cholesterol consumption increased plasma TC, HDL-C concentrations and large HDL subclasses with no changes in cholesterol absorption or synthesis. In contrast, plant sterol intake failed to reduce LDL-C concentrations, with a modest reduction in cholesterol absorption, and did not affect lipoprotein subclasses. However, a large non-compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis was observed due to plant sterol consumption. Gender and common genetic variants affected plasma HDL-C and HDL subclass distribution to dietary cholesterol and plant sterol consumption. ACAT2 and NPC1L1 gene variants affected plasma campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations respectively, to plant sterol intake by modifying cholesterol absorption. In summary, our results demonstrate that dietary cholesterol and plant sterol intake differentially modulate cholesterol trafficking in a manner dependent on common genetic variants and gender in healthy individuals. Such knowledge facilitates the development of effective cholesterol lowering strategies for the alleviation of CVD burden.
October 2016
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34

Banna, Christopher David. "Characterization of DAP1/YPL170W [electronic resource] : the saccharomyces cerevisiae membrane associated progesterone receptor (MAPR)homologue." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01072005-125512/unrestricted/banna%5Fchristopher%5Fd%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Choi, Jung, Committee Chair ; Tornabene, Thomas, Committee Member ; Chernoff, Yuri, Committee Member ; Hall, Dwight, Committee Member ; Doyle, Donald, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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35

Hossen, Md Monjur. "Enzyme catalyzed synthesis of structured phospholipids with conjugated linoleic acid and plant sterols." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3748.

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Structured phospholipids with functional ingredients like conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and plant sterols to deliver their physiological effects in different food formulations were synthesized. The lipase and phospholipase A2 catalyzed enzymatic acidolysis reaction between phospholipids (PLs) and CLA was used for fatty acid modification, while the phospholipase D catalyzed transphosphatidylation reaction between PLs and sterol was used for head group modification. Enzymatic processes were an effective way to produce structured phospholipids. Screening of four lipases and immobilized phospholipase A2 and combination of lipase and phospholipase showed that only Lipozyme RM IM and Lipozyme TL IM were effective in incorporation of CLA into PLs. The maximum incorporation achieved by the latter enzyme was 16% with soy PLs in 72 h. The class of phospholipids had a significant effect on the rate of incorporation of CLA compare to source of PLs. A method capable of predicting the rate of incorporation of CLA into phospholipids was developed using response surface methodology. A three-level four-factor Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used. The four factors selected were lipase dosage (Ed, wt.% of substrate), substrate ratio (Sr,mol%), reaction time (ti, h) and reaction temperature (Te,oC). The enzyme load and substrate ratio had a greater effect on the rate of incorporation than did reaction time and temperature. A polynomial regression equation was developed to predict the reaction rate. The new phosphatidyl derivative, phosphatidyl-sitosterol, was found to be synthesized by the transfer reaction of phosphatidyl residue from phosphatidylcholine to β-sitosterol by phospholipase D from Streptomyces sp. in biphasic medium. The novel phosphatidyl .sitosterol derivative was identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Plant sterols were modified to a more polar lipid class by synthesizing phospholipid derivatives of them. When these structured phospholipids were added to a whey protein based oil-in-water emulsion, the CLA incorporated structured phospholipids (CLA-PL) had higher heat stability and oxidative stability compared to the controls.
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McIntyre, Christopher William. "Studies into the effects of non-calcaemic vitamin D sterols on bone cells." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391629.

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37

GRANDMOUGIN, ANNE. "Atpase-h#+ de la membrane plasmique de racines de mais : role des sterols." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13008.

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Role des sterols dans la structure et la fonction de la membrane plasmique (hp) de racines de mais. Effet des sterols sur le fonctionnement de l'atpase associee a la mp: modifier le profil sterolique de la mp en traitant les racines de mais par la fenpropimorphe, un fongicide synthetique, inhibiteur de la biosynthese des sterols. Effets des sterols sur le fonctionnement de l'atpase apres reconstitution dans les proteoliposomes (hydrolyse de l'atp et le transport des protons)
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38

Zhao, Kejun. "Synthesis and cytotoxity of oxysterols: studies on the A,B ring polyoxygenated sterols." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10944/.

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Oxysterols (OS), the polyoxygenated sterols, represent a class of potent regulatory molecules for important biological actions. Cytotoxicity of OS is one of the most important aspects in studies of OS bioactivities. However, studies, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study in particular, have been hampered by the limited availability of structurally diverse OS in numbers and amounts. The aim of this project was to develop robust synthetic methods for the preparation of polyhydroxyl sterols, thereof, evaluate their cytotoxicity and establish structure-activity relationship. First, we found hydrophobicity of the side chain is essential for 7-HC's cytotoxicity, and a limited number of hydroxyl groups and a desired configuration on the A, B ring are required for a potent cytotoxicity of an OS, after syntheses and tests of a number of 7-HC's analogues against cancer cell lines. Then polyoxygenation of cholesterol A, B rings was explored. A preparative method for the synthesis of four diastereomerically pure cholest-4-en-3,6-diols was developed. Epoxidation on these cholest-4-en-3,6-diols showed that an allyl group exerts an auxiliary role in producing products with desired configuration in syntheses of the eight diastereomerically pure 45-epoxycholestane-3,6-diols. Reduction of the eight 45-epoxycholestane-3,6-diols produced all eight isomers of the cytotoxic 5α-acholestane 3β,5,6β-triol (CT) for the first time. Epoxide ring opening with protic or Lewis acids on the eight 45-epoxycholestane-3,6-diols are carefully studied. The results demonstrated a combination of an acid and a solvent affected the outcomes of a reaction dramatically. Acyl group participation and migration play an important role with numbers of substrates under certain conditions. All the eight 4,5-trans cholestane- 3,4,5,6-tetrols were synthesised through manipulation of acyl participation. Furthermore these reaction conditions were tested when a number of cholestane-3,4, 5,6,7-pentols and other C3-C7 oxygenated sterols were synthesised for the first time. Introduction of an oxygenated functional group through cholest-2-ene derivatives was studied. The elimination of 3-(4-toluenesulfonate) esters showed the interaction between the existing hydroxyls or acyls with the reaction centre often resulted in different products. The allyl oxidation, epoxidation and Epoxide ring opening reactions are investigated with these cholest-2-enes.
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39

WORSHAM, DeALMA NICOLE. "EVIDENCE FOR METABOLISM OF SCAVENGED STEROLS BY THE P CARINII SAM:SMT: TRANSMETHYLATION OF DESMOSTEROL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100886621.

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40

Scheidt, Holger A., Peter Müller, Andreas Herrmann, Klaus Arnold, Klaus Gawrisch, and Daniel Huster. "Comparing the biophysical properties of sterols in lipid membranes – what is special about cholesterol?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-195004.

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41

Gondet, Laurence. "Caracterisation biochimique et cytochimique d'un mutant de tabac (nicotiana tabacum l. ) surproducteur de sterols." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13032.

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Des cals de tabac mutants, resistant a un inhibiteur phytotoxique de type triazole, contiennent dix fois plus de sterols que les cals de genotype sauvage, et 80% de ces sterols sont esterifies. Nous avons, lors de ce travail, caracterise de facon approfondie ces cals mutants ainsi que les plantes qui en sont issues, a l'aide de techniques biochimiques et cytochimiques. Les resultats obtenus apportent des informations nouvelles sur le metabolisme des sterols chez les vegetaux: les esters de sterols accumules dans les tissus mutants, sont localises dans le hyaloplasme des cellules sous forme de gouttelettes lipidiques. La surproduction de sterols est due a l'augmentation de l'activite de la 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase, enzyme cle dans la biosynthese des isoprenoides. Les cals mutants resistent a l'inhibiteur car ils arrivent a maintenir dans leurs membranes une teneur en sterols libres compatible avec un metabolisme cellulaire equilibre. Ces differentes observations suggerent que les tissus mutants sont affectes au niveau de la regulation de la biosynthese des sterols
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42

Ubhayasekera, S. J. Kumari A. "Sterols and oxysterols : occurrence and analysis in by-products feed fats and animal tissues /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200947.pdf.

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43

STROPPA, NADIA. "EFFECT OF STEROLS AND SPHINGOLIPIDS DEPRIVATION ON POLLEN TUBE GROWTH IN NICOTIANA TABACUM (L.)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/852952.

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In Angiosperms, pollen tube can be considered a safe route to transport sperm cells in proximity of the female gamethophyte and its correct growth is necessary for a successful fertilization. Pollen tubes are highly specialized cells which follow an extreme form of polar growth, known as tip growth, based on transport of post-Golgi secretory vesicles (SVs) to the apical region where they fuse with a restricted area of the plasma membrane (PM) reversing outside cell wall components and supplying new surface of PM. This polarized secretion defines an apical growth PM domain and provides a specific protein/lipid composition. Recently, in tobacco pollen tube a polarized distribution of sterols and membrane lipid rafts have been reported and isolation and characterization of detergent insoluble membranes (DIMs) revealed that the physical basis for membrane raft formation is maintained in tobacco pollen tubes. In this work, using an experimental approach which considers the disorganization of lipid rafts by disturbing sterols and sphingolipids biosynthesis, we investigated the role of lipid rafts microdomains on tip growth in pollen tubes of the model specie Nicotiana tabacum (L.). The present results highligth a role for rafts microdomains in pollen tube growth and their involvement in cytoskeleton and organelles dynamics and consequently in the regulation of the polarized secretion. Biochemical and in vivo techniques show that changes in sterols/sphingolipids ratio in pollen tubes membranes alter actin association with microsomes and dynamics of the apical actin fringe. Alterations of morphology and dynamics of RabA4d compartments lead to postulate that the clear zone could represent a hub where different secretory pathways converge and functions as a sorting compartments. Also, perturbation of lipid rafts seems to mostly affect trans Golgi network (TGN), its maturation and the development of compartments which originate from it, involved both in secretion and in degradative pathway. Altogether these results support evidences of a role for sterols and sphingolipids, not only as fundamental structural components of membranes, but also in regulating intracellular membrane morphodynamics and polar secretion in pollen tubes.
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44

Qiu, Yuhui. "LEUCINE UPTAKE AND INCORPORATION INTO PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII F. SP. CARINII STEROLS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998060307.

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45

Voght, Stephen P. "Establishment of a Drosophila model of intestinal sterol absorption and trafficking /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10303.

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46

Sullivan, David Patrick. "Intracellular sterol transport and distribution in saccharomyces cerevisiae /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692359491&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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47

Leoni, Valerio. "On the possible use of oxysterols for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with neurological and neurodegenerative diseases /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-255-1/.

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48

GRAUSEM, BERNARD. "Transformation de plantes avec des genes codant pour des enzymes de la biosynthese des sterols." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13115.

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Des protoplastes de tabac ont ete transformes par un adn-t contenant le gene cyp51a1 codant pour la lanosterol-14-demethylase de saccharomyces cerevisiae (enzyme homologue de l'obtusifoliol-14-demethylase de plante). Les lignees transgeniques exprimant la lanosterol-14-demethylase presentent une resistance a un triazole herbicide inhibiteur de l'obtusifoliol-14-demethylase. Le mecanisme de resistance mis en jeu provient du contournement de l'inhibition de l'obtusifoliol-14-demethylase par l'herbicide grace a l'expression de la lanosterol-14-demethylase de levure. En effet, cette derniere n'est pas affectee par l'inhibiteur et est en mesure de metaboliser le substrat de l'obtusifiliol-14-demethylase. La composition sterolique des genotypes resistants reflete une teneur en #5-sterols (sterols physiologiques de fin de chaine) proche de celle d'un genotype non traite par l'herbicide. Les genotypes temoins, par contre, accumulent des intermediaires biosynthetiques en presence de l'herbicide. Une autre partie du travail a consiste en la transformation de plantes d'arabidopsis thaliana avec le gene codant pour la cycloartenol synthase en orientation sens ou anti-sens dans le but de modifier la quantite de sterols des plantes ainsi generees. Certaines plantes transformees par ce gene en orientation sens presentent un phenotype biochimique inattendu, a savoir une accumulation de triterpenes pentacycliques (l' et la -amyrine) derivant de l'epoxyde de squalene. L'expression du gene codant pour la cycloartenol synthase en orientation anti-sens n'a pas donne de resultats concluants. Enfin, des tabacs ont ete transformees par le gene codant pour la lanosterol synthase de candida albicans ; le but etant de faire synthetiser a partir de l'epoxyde de squalene du lanosterol, sterol inexistant chez les plantes. Aucun transformant n'a fait apparaitre de phenotype biochimique particulier ; ce qui peut laisser envisager l'hypothese d'une toxicite du lanosterol ou de l'un de ses metabolites dans les plantes
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49

HUSSELSTEIN, TANIA. "Enzymes de la voie de biosynthese des sterols de plantes : clonages d'alleles sauvages et mutants." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13212.

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Le mutant stel d'arabidopsis thaliana, issu d'une mutagenese ems, se caracterise par l'accumulation de #7-sterols au detriment des #5-sterols accumules majoritairement dans les plantes sauvages. L'expression dans le mutant stel d'une #7-sterol-c5-desaturase sauvage d'arabidopsis thaliana, clonee par complementation fonctionnelle heterologue du mutant erg3 de saccharomyces cerevisiae, a permis de restaurer un phenotype sauvage apportant ainsi la preuve d'une deficience au niveau de l'etape de c5-desaturation chez ce mutant. Nous avons clone l'allele mute de la #7-sterol-c5 desaturase de la plante stel par une reaction de rtpcr a l'aide d'oligonucleotides deduits de la sequence sauvage et ainsi mis en evidence une mutation ponctuelle dans le phase ouverte de lecture de l'enzyme provoquant le remplacement d'une threonine par une isoleucine. Nous avons ensuite caracterise des alleles mutes de la #7-sterol-c5-desaturase, obtenus par mutagenese dirigee ou aleatoire, et ainsi identifie des amino acides indispensables pour une bonne activite catalytique de l'enzyme. Par complementation de fonction de mutants de levures ou par recherche de nouveaux sterols apres transformation de levures sauvages, nous avons egalement caracterise des alleles sauvages codant d'autres enzymes de la voie de biosynthese des phytosterols.
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50

Theuwissen, Elke. "The role of [beta]-glucan, plant stanols, and oxy(phyto)sterols in managing cardiovascular risk." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13766.

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