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Journal articles on the topic 'Sterile insect technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Benedict, Mark Q. "Sterile Insect Technique: Lessons From the Past." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab024.

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Abstract When E.F. Knipling conceived of the release of sexually sterile insects to suppress wild populations, he laid down several fundamental qualities that characterized suitable target species—some of which mosquitoes generally violate—including high reproductive rates and large population numbers. Regardless of this, their global importance in public health has led numerous research teams to attempt to use the mosquito sterile insect technique against several species. Because of the degree of financial commitment required for suppression programs, most releases have consisted of preliminary investigations of male performance, population characteristics, and production methods. Those that have accomplished suppression provide important insights regarding the challenges of production, dispersal, and immigration. Insights gained from these studies remain relevant today, regardless of the genetic control technology being applied. In this article, I highlight studies that were notable for the insights that were gained, the intrinsic difficulties that mosquitoes present, and synthesize these into recommendations for successful applications of the sterile insect technique and newer technologies to mosquitoes.

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2

Suckling, D. M. "Applying the sterile insect technique for biosecurity benefits and constraints." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6026.

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Sterile insect releases to manage or eradicate pests have been deployed increasingly in many countries against diverse targets but have not previously been seriously considered in New Zealand The increasing cost of incursions of exotic species warrants a reconsideration of the potential for any approach that can help to defend New Zealand The success of the sterile insect technique is dependent on adequate understanding of pest biology techniques for mass rearing of sufficient numbers to overcome the target population mass sterility (with excellent quality assurance) competitive fitness of released insects and release systems that ensure effective spatial targeting Legislative hurdles such as the HSNO Act (1996) may need attention to enable this approach for insects that have arrived after 1998 The first use of the sterile insect technique in New Zealand is against the painted apple moth and is a useful case study to demonstrate the potential of the approach in biosecurity

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3

Ben Dhahbi, Anis, Yassine Chargui, Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras, Sana Ben Khalifa, Waleed Koko, and Faisal Alresheedi. "Mathematical Modelling of the Sterile Insect Technique Using Different Release Strategies." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896566.

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We study simple mathematical models for the dynamics of interactive wild and sterile insect populations. As well as being mathematically tractable, these models can be used as first approximations to real situations occurring with the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) in which sterile males are released to reduce or eradicate a pest population. This is a method of biological control which can effectively help contain the spread of many pest insects such as the Red Palm Weevil (RPW). Models formulated in this paper are continuous-time, include a strong Allee effect that captures extinction events, and incorporate different strategies of releasing sterile insects. We perform basic studies of dynamical features of these models, with an emphasis on the condition of excitation, and the impact of the different release methods is investigated. Our findings are also demonstrated with some numerical examples.

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4

Ben Dhahbi, Anis, Yassine Chargui, Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras, and Sana Ben Khalifa. "A One-Sided Competition Mathematical Model for the Sterile Insect Technique." Complexity 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6246808.

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We study a simple mathematical model describing the dynamics of a wild-type pest insects population experiencing competition from sterile insects (one-sided competition). This model can be used for conceiving control strategies based on the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) or the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT), aiming to reduce or eradicate Red Palm Weevil (RPW) populations in some target regions. We show that suppression may occur for continuous and periodic release strategies for various intraspecific and interspecific submodels except in the case of a single release strategy where a strong Allee effect is required.

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5

Karthikeyan, Lekha. "STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE TO COMBAT DENGUE." LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2016.21.1623.

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6

Alphey, Luke. "Re-engineering the sterile insect technique." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32, no. 10 (October 2002): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00087-5.

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7

Chinnathambi, Rajivganthi, and Fathalla A. Rihan. "Analysis and control of Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes using sterile-insect techniques with Wolbachia." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 11 (2022): 11154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022520.

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<abstract><p>Combining Sterile and Incompatible Insect techniques can significantly reduce mosquito populations and prevent the transmission of diseases between insects and humans. This paper describes impulsive differential equations for the control of a mosquito with Wolbachia. Several interesting conditions are created when sterile male mosquitoes are released impulsively, ensuring both open- and closed-loop control. To determine the wild mosquito population size in real-time, we propose an open-loop control system, which uses impulsive and constant releases of sterile male mosquitoes. A closed-loop control scheme is also being investigated, which specifies the release of sterile mosquitoes according to the size of the wild mosquito population. To eliminate or reduce a mosquito population below a certain threshold, the Sterile insect technique involves mass releases of sterile insects. Numerical simulations verify the theoretical results.</p></abstract>

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8

Parker, Andrew, and Kishor Mehta. "STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE: A MODEL FOR DOSE OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPROVED STERILE INSECT QUALITY." Florida Entomologist 90, no. 1 (March 2007): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[88:sitamf]2.0.co;2.

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9

ENKERLIN, W. R., and R. PEREIRA. "The sterile insect technique: an international framework to facilitate transboundary shipments of sterile insects." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 41, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3303.

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10

Bourtzis, Kostas, and Marc J. B. Vreysen. "Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Its Applications." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070638.

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Although most insect species have a beneficial role in the ecosystems, some of them represent major plant pests and disease vectors for livestock and humans. During the last six–seven decades, the sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used as part of area-wide integrated pest management strategies to suppress, contain, locally eradicate or prevent the (re)invasion of insect pest populations and disease vectors worldwide. This Special Issue on “Sterile insect technique (SIT) and its applications”, which consists of 27 manuscripts (7 reviews and 20 original research articles), provides an update on the research and development efforts in this area. The manuscripts report on all the different components of the SIT package including mass-rearing, development of genetic sexing strains, irradiation, quality control as well as field trials.

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11

Dunn, Derek W., and Peter A. Follett. "The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) - an introduction." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 164, no. 3 (September 2017): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12619.

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12

Ramirez, Sergio, and Luis F. Gordillo. "Approximating Optimal Release in a Deterministic Model for the Sterile Insect Technique." International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8492107.

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Cost/benefit analyses are essential to support management planning and decisions before launching any pest control program. In particular, applications of the sterile insect technique (SIT) are often prevented by the projected economic burden associated with rearing processes. This has had a deep impact on the technique development and its use on insects with long larval periods, as often seen in beetles. Under the assumptions of long adult timespan and multiple mating, we show how to find approximate optimal sterile release policies that minimize costs. The theoretical framework proposed considers the release of insects by pulses and finds approximate optimal release sizes through stochastic searching. The scheme is then used to compare simulated release strategies obtained for different pulse schedules and release bounds, providing a platform for evaluating the convenience of increasing sterile male release intensity or extending the period of control.

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13

Bouyer, Jérémy, and Thierry Lefrançois. "Boosting the sterile insect technique to control mosquitoes." Trends in Parasitology 30, no. 6 (June 2014): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2014.04.002.

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14

Komitopoulou, Katia, George K. Christophides, Katerina Kalosaka, George Chrysanthis, Maria A. Theodoraki, Charalambos Savakis, Antigone Zacharopoulou, and Anastassios C. Mintzas. "Medfly promoters relevant to the sterile insect technique." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 34, no. 2 (February 2004): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.06.016.

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15

Bouyer, J., N. J. Culbert, A. H. Dicko, M. Gomez Pacheco, J. Virginio, M. C. Pedrosa, L. Garziera, et al. "Field performance of sterile male mosquitoes released from an uncrewed aerial vehicle." Science Robotics 5, no. 43 (June 15, 2020): eaba6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aba6251.

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Genetic control methods of mosquito vectors of malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika are becoming increasingly popular due to the limitations of other techniques such as the use of insecticides. The sterile insect technique is an effective genetic control method to manage insect populations. However, it is crucial to release sterile mosquitoes by air to ensure homogeneous coverage, especially in large areas. Here, we report a fully automated adult mosquito release system operated from an uncrewed aerial vehicle or drone. Our system, developed and tested in Brazil, enabled a homogeneous dispersal of sterile male Aedes aegypti while maintaining their quality, leading to a homogeneous sterile-to-wild male ratio due to their aggregation in the same sites. Our results indicate that the released sterile males were able to compete with the wild males in mating with the wild females; thus, the sterile males were able to induce sterility in the native female population. The use of drones to implement the sterile insect technique will lead to improvements in areal coverage and savings in operational costs due to the requirement of fewer release sites and field staff.

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16

Paterson, Georgia, George L. W. Perry, James T. S. Walker, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Peri-Urban Community Attitudes towards Codling Moth Trapping and Suppression Using the Sterile Insect Technique in New Zealand." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100335.

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New, more socially-acceptable technologies are being developed to suppress horticultural pests, because suppression is technically difficult with current technologies, especially in urban areas. One technique involves the release of sterile insects to prevent offspring in the next generation. This technology involves aerial or ground release systems, but this could also create issues for the public. This study investigated community perceptions of a recently-introduced response to codling moth control in New Zealand—Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Community attitudes to SIT were examined in Hastings, New Zealand, in April, 2018. Eighty-six detailed interviews were undertaken with a random sample of households. This community was very willing (98% agreement) to host a sex pheromone trap in their gardens, and condoned regular visits to monitor traps. Attitudes to SIT were very positive (98% in favor). Once explained, the concept of using unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver sterile insects was also acceptable (98%) to the community. Use of unmanned aerial vehicles to release sterile insects during a hypothetical incursion response of an exotic fruit fly was also supported at 98% by respondent householders. Investigation of community attitudes can be valuable to guide practitioners in determining suitable technologies before an area-wide programme is launched.

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17

Stephens, A. E. A., A. M. Barrington, N. M. Fletcher, and D. M. Suckling. "Irradiation conditions affect the quality of irradiated painted apple moth." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4443.

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Sterile painted apple moths have been released in Auckland in an attempt to assist with the eradication of this species from New Zealand Quality as measured by wind tunnel flight performance of irradiated insects decreased from 66 of unirradiated males in 20032004 to approximately 43 in 20052006 and recapture rates were lower A decrease in quality measures (ie emergence rate wind tunnel flight performance and recapture rate) was related to an increase in the length of pre and posttreatment time that the insects were held in the irradiation container potentially caused by container conditions Altering the irradiation container conditions to improve aeration led to an increase in posttreatment quality The surveillance grid in place for monitoring caught the sterile moths Higher recapture rates have increased confidence in the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique against this insect which is continuing in southeastern Auckland

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18

Esch, Evan D., Rachael M. Horner, Dustin C. Krompetz, Nathan Moses-Gonzales, Melissa R. Tesche, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Operational Parameters for the Aerial Release of Sterile Codling Moths Using an Uncrewed Aircraft System." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020159.

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The codling moth is a serious pest of apples in most regions of the world where this fruit is produced. The sterile insect technique is one strategy used to control this pest and is employed as part of an area-wide integrated pest management program for the codling moth in British Columbia, Canada. Modified fixed wing aircraft are the most common method for the release of sterile insects in large area-wide pest management programs. However, aerial release with a full-size aircraft can be prohibitively expensive. We evaluated the use of small, uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) for the release of sterile codling moths. Sterile codling moths released from greater altitudes were more broadly distributed and drifted more in strong winds, compared to those released from lower altitudes. Most of the released insects were recaptured in a 50 m wide swath under the release route. Recapture rates for aerially released insects were 40–70% higher compared to those released from the ground. UASs provide a promising alternative to ground release and conventional aircraft for the release of sterile codling moths.

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19

Tan, L. T., and K. H. Tan. "Alternative air vehicles for sterile insect technique aerial release." Journal of Applied Entomology 137 (July 8, 2011): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01649.x.

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20

Nolan, Tony, Philippos Papathanos, Nikolai Windbichler, Kalle Magnusson, Jason Benton, Flaminia Catteruccia, and Andrea Crisanti. "Developing transgenic Anopheles mosquitoes for the sterile insect technique." Genetica 139, no. 1 (September 7, 2010): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9482-8.

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21

Jamal BEN YAZID, Z. CHAFIK, I. BIBI, and E. KHARMACH. "Effectiveness of Sterile Insect Technique for Medfly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann, 1824) Control in Citrus Orchards of Moulouya Perimeter North East of Morocco." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol4iss3pp405-421.

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The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an effective pest control method developed worldwide against many species of Fruit Flies. It involves the release of male insects sterilized, at pupae instar, by exposure to ionizing radiation. The Area-wide control of medfly (Ceratitis capitata), with SIT based on sterile males release combined to other control techniques, was implemented since 2017 as a pilot area in Moulouya Perimeter in North-eastern Morocco. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool in controlling Medfly and estimate sterile male population densities from data collected from trap catches after the release of a pre-determined number of sterile males in five Citrus orchards (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 sterile males per hectare) and the calculation of FTD (fly/trap/day) of sterile and wild males. The result showed that the percentage of recaptured males and FTD Sterile indices were related to release density by power function regression, while the sterile to wild ratio and release density were linear regression-adjusted. The finding confirmed the effectiveness of release in reducing the fly population in the TIS area by reducing the rate of citrus infestation in field and export shipments.

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22

Ikegawa, Yusuke, Koichi Ito, Chihiro Himuro, and Atsushi Honma. "Sterile males and females can synergistically suppress wild pests targeted by sterile insect technique." Journal of Theoretical Biology 530 (December 2021): 110878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110878.

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23

Bull, James J., and Richard Gomulkiewicz. "The sterile insect technique is protected from evolution of mate discrimination." PeerJ 10 (April 18, 2022): e13301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13301.

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Background The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used to suppress and even extinguish pest insect populations. The method involves releasing artificially reared insects (usually males) that, when mating with wild individuals, sterilize the broods. If administered on a large enough scale, the sterility can collapse the population. Precedents from other forms of population suppression, especially chemicals, raise the possibility of resistance evolving against the SIT. Here, we consider resistance in the form of evolution of female discrimination to avoid mating with sterile males. Is resistance evolution expected? Methods We offer mathematical models to consider the dynamics of this process. Most of our models assume a constant-release protocol, in which the same density of males is released every generation, regardless of wild male density. A few models instead assume proportional release, in which sterile releases are adjusted to be a constant proportion of wild males. Results We generally find that the evolution of female discrimination, although favored by selection, will often be too slow to halt population collapse when a constant-release implementation of the SIT is applied appropriately and continually. The accelerating efficacy of sterile males in dominating matings as the population collapses works equally against discriminating females as against non-discriminating females, and rare genes for discrimination are too slow to ascend to prevent the loss of females that discriminate. Even when migration from source populations sustains the treated population, continued application of the SIT can prevent evolution of discrimination. However, periodic premature cessation of the SIT does allow discrimination to evolve. Likewise, use of a ‘proportional-release’ protocol is also prone to escape from extinction if discriminating genotypes exist in the population, even if those genotypes are initially rare. Overall, the SIT is robust against the evolution of mate discrimination provided care is taken to avoid some basic pitfalls. The models here provide insight for designing programs to avoid those pitfalls.

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SUSRAMA, I. GEDE KETUT. "VARIASI KOMPOSISI PAKAN BUATAN UNTUK SERANGGA: SUATU KAJIAN PUSTAKA." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 22, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2018.v22.i02.p02.

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Artificial diet for insect rearing is necessary at the time a lot of insects required periodically and continuously such as for pesticide efficacy research, biodiversity conservation, and for the activity of fruit fly management with the sterile male technique for instance where it needs millions fruit flies weekly to be sterilized and then subsequently released. Insect artificial diet will also increase the efficiency of time, energy and fund in the procurement of insects compared to insect rearing with its natural diet. Various artificial diet classifications and its compositions have been developed so far in varying degrees of rearing success.

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25

Souza, João Maria Gomes Alencar de, Paulo Augusto de Lima-Filho, Wagner Franco Molina, Lúcia Maria de Almeida, Milson Bezerra de Gouveia, Francisco Pepino de Macêdo, Raul Alberto Laumann, and Beatriz Aguiar Jordão Paranhos. "Wing Morphometry and Acoustic Signals in Sterile and Wild Males: Implications for Mating Success inCeratitis capitata." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/526969.

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely utilized in the biological control of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, particularly against the Mediterranean fruit fly. This study investigated the interaction between mating success and morphometric variation in the wings and the production of acoustic signals among three male groups ofCeratitis capitata(Wiedemann): (1) wild males, (2) irradiated with Co-60 (steriles), and (3) irradiated (steriles) and treated with ginger oil. The canonical variate analysis discriminated two groups (males irradiated and males wild), based on the morphological shape of the wings. Among males that emit buzz signals, wild males obtained copulation more frequently than males in Groups 2 and 3. The individuals of Group 3 achieved more matings than those in Group 2. Wild males displayed lower pulse duration, higher intervals between pulses, and higher dominant frequency. Regarding the reproductive success, the morphological differences in the wings’ shape between accepted and nonaccepted males are higher in wild males than in the irradiated ones. The present results can be useful in programs using the sterile insect technique for biological control ofC. capitata.

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FERREIRA, CLAUDIA PIO, HYUN MO YANG, and LOURDES ESTEVA. "ASSESSING THE SUITABILITY OF STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE APPLIED TOAEDES AEGYPTI." Journal of Biological Systems 16, no. 04 (December 2008): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339008002691.

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The efficacy of biological control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is analyzed. This approach has shown to be very efficient on agricultural plagues and has become an alternative control strategy to the usual technique of insecticide application, which promotes resistance against chemical controls and is harmful to other species that live in the same mosquito habitat. By using a discrete cellular automata approach we have shown that in the case of Aedes aegypti, the spatially heterogeneous distribution of oviposition containers and the mosquito behavior, especially with respect to mating, make the application of STI difficult or impracticable.

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Darrington, Michael, Tamas Dalmay, Neil I. Morrison, and Tracey Chapman. "Implementing the sterile insect technique with RNA interference - a review." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 164, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12575.

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28

Bouyer, Jérémy, Hanano Yamada, Rui Pereira, Kostas Bourtzis, and Marc J. B. Vreysen. "Phased Conditional Approach for Mosquito Management Using Sterile Insect Technique." Trends in Parasitology 36, no. 4 (April 2020): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.01.004.

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29

Danbaba, Usman A., and Salisu M. Garba. "Modeling the transmission dynamics of Zika with sterile insect technique." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 41, no. 18 (October 31, 2018): 8871–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.5336.

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30

Anguelov, Roumen, Yves Dumont, and Ivric Valaire Yatat Djeumen. "Sustainable vector/pest control using the permanent sterile insect technique." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 43, no. 18 (April 12, 2020): 10391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.6385.

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31

Homem, Rafael A., Zeus Mateos-Fierro, Rory Jones, Daniel Gilbert, Andrew R. Mckemey, Glen Slade, and Michelle T. Fountain. "Field Suppression of Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) Using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)." Insects 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040328.

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Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila—SWD) is an economically important pest of soft and stone fruit worldwide. Control relies on broad-spectrum insecticides, which are neither fully effective nor environmentally sustainable. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a proven, effective and environmentally friendly pest-management tool. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the potential of using SIT to control D. suzukii in field conditions without physical barriers that limit insect invasion. A proprietary method of rearing and irradiation with X-rays was used to obtain males that were > 99% sterile. Sterile males were released twice per week from April to October 2021 on a site in Kent, UK, where everbearing strawberries were grown in open polytunnels. The infestation of wild female D. suzukii was monitored weekly using red sticky traps with dry lure at the treated site and at two similar control sites that did not receive sterile male releases. Releases of sterile males suppressed the wild female D. suzukii population by up to 91% in comparison with the control sites. We thus demonstrated the feasibility of SIT to achieve season-long control of D. suzukii using early, sustained and dynamically targeted releases of sterile males. This provides a promising environmentally friendly method to control this important pest.

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32

Gato, René, Zulema Menéndez, Enrique Prieto, Rafael Argilés, Misladys Rodríguez, Waldemar Baldoquín, Yisel Hernández, et al. "Sterile Insect Technique: Successful Suppression of an Aedes aegypti Field Population in Cuba." Insects 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050469.

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Dengue virus infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue in Cuba. As there is no vaccine or specific treatment, the control efforts are directed to the reduction of mosquito populations. The indiscriminate use of insecticides can lead to adverse effects on ecosystems, including human health. The sterile insect technique is a species-specific and environment-friendly method of insect population control based on the release of large numbers of sterile insects, ideally males only. The success of this technique for the sustainable management of agricultural pests has encouraged its evaluation for the population suppression of mosquito vector species. Here, we describe an open field trial to evaluate the effect of the release of irradiated male Ae. aegypti on a wild population. The pilot trial was carried out in a suburb of Havana and compared the mosquito population density before and after the intervention, in both untreated control and release areas. The wild population was monitored by an ovitrap network, recording frequency and density of eggs as well as their hatch rate. A significant amount of sterility was induced in the field population of the release area, as compared with the untreated control area. The ovitrap index and the mean number of eggs/trap declined dramatically after 12 and 5 weeks of releases, respectively. For the last 3 weeks, no eggs were collected in the treatment area, clearly indicating a significant suppression of the wild target population. We conclude that the sterile males released competed successfully and induced enough sterility to suppress the local Ae. aegypti population.

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Giesbrecht, David, Daniel Heschuk, Ian Wiens, David Boguski, Parker LaChance, and Steve Whyard. "RNA Interference Is Enhanced by Knockdown of Double-Stranded RNases in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti." Insects 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060327.

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RNA interference (RNAi) techniques are being developed for a range of pest insect control technologies, including the sterile insect technique (SIT) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based insecticides. In SIT applications, where >99% of the released males should be sterile to meet industry standards, the efficiency of RNAi will need to be improved for many insect species if this technology is to be adopted. Endogenous dsRNases can impede dsRNA delivery in some insects, and, here, we investigated whether dsRNases in the midgut could limit RNAi efficacy in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Ten putative dsRNases were identified in the Ae. aegypti genome, with two highly expressed in the midguts of larvae. Using an ex vivo assay, we observed that dsRNA was rapidly degraded within the mosquito larva’s gut. Double-stranded RNA targeting these two dsRNases, when fed to the larvae, effectively reduced gut dsRNase activity. When these dsRNase-specific dsRNAs were co-delivered with dsRNA targeting a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) reporter gene, greater knockdown of CFP fluorescence was observed. These results suggest that inhibiting dsRNase activity could enable the implementation of RNAi-based mosquito control methods.

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Viktorov, A. G. "GENETIC METHODS OF INSECT CONTROL. HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-2021-14-1-51-63.

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The review considers the main stages in the development of genetic method of insect control: 1) The idea of A.S. Serebrovsky, who suggested releasing males with non-viable translocations into nature; 2) "Z-lethal" method of V.A. Strunnikov for control of harmful Lepidoptera, which consists in the release of males carrying two non-allelic recessive mutations in the sex Z-chromosomes into nature; 3) Sterile insect technique (SIT) used widely in practice in the second half of the XX-th century; 4) Genetically engineered biotechnology RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) used in practice to control the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti , the vector of Zika viruses and yellow fever. It is generalized that the main opponent of the genetic method of insect control is natural selection, which supports females, choosing natural rather than sterile or "genetically modified" males on mating. It follows from the above that genetic methods of control can be effective only in control of invasive species have not spread widely yet.

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Tur, Carlos, Ignacio Plá, Rafael Argilés-Herrero, Gustavo Salvador-Herranz, and David Almenar. "All-in-One Mosquito Containers: From the Laboratory to the Release Sites." Insects 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020178.

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Integrated vector control programs that use a Sterile Insect Technique approach require the production and release of large numbers of high quality, sterile male insects. In pilot projects conducted worldwide, sterile males are usually kept in containers at low densities until their manual release on the ground. Although the quality of the released insects is high, these containers are only suitable for small-scale projects, given the fact that the manual labor required for release is significant and therefore untenable in large-scale projects. This study will compare and contrast the quality of the males reared in the proposed “all-in-one” containers which considerably reduce both the handling of the insects and the manual labor required for release. As a result, project costs are lower. The design of these “all-in-one” containers incorporates two important features: ventilation and the density of the vertical resting surface. Having evaluated both features, it can be concluded that ventilation does not directly affect the quality of the insects, at least in the range of dimensions tested. However, the quality of the male insects is reduced in relation to an increase in the number of mosquitoes, with 500 being the optimum quantity of mosquitoes per “all-in-one” container.

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Pereira, R., B. Yuval, P. Liedo, P. E. A. Teal, T. E. Shelly, D. O. McInnis, and J. Hendrichs. "Improving sterile male performance in support of programmes integrating the sterile insect technique against fruit flies." Journal of Applied Entomology 137 (November 28, 2011): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01664.x.

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Horrocks, Kiran Jonathan, Gonzalo Andres Avila, Gregory Ian Holwell, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Integrating sterile insect technique with the release of sterile classical biocontrol agents for eradication: is the Kamikaze Wasp Technique feasible?" BioControl 65, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-09998-7.

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Sánchez-Rosario, Mayren, Diana Pérez-Staples, Jorge Toledo, Javier Valle-Mora, and Pablo Liedo. "Artificial selection on mating competitiveness ofAnastrepha ludensfor sterile insect technique application." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 162, no. 2 (February 2017): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12540.

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Franz, Gerald, and Alan S. Robinson. "Molecular technologies to improve the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique." Genetica 139, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9543-z.

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Cáceres, Carlos, Donald McInnis, Todd Shelly, Eric Jang, Alan Robinson, and Jorge Hendrichs. "QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE." Florida Entomologist 90, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[1:qmsfff]2.0.co;2.

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BHATTACHARYYA, R., and B. MUKHOPADHYAY. "MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF A PEST CONTROL MODEL INCORPORATING STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE." Natural Resource Modeling 27, no. 1 (August 12, 2013): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12019.

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Vargas-Terán, M., B. S. Hursey, and E. P. Cunningham. "Eradication of the screwworm from Libya using the sterile insect technique." Parasitology Today 10, no. 3 (January 1994): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(94)90014-0.

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Ranathunge, Tharaka, Jeevanie Harishchandra, Hamidou Maiga, Jeremy Bouyer, Y. I. Nilmini Silva Gunawardena, and Menaka Hapugoda. "Development of the Sterile Insect Technique to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Sri Lanka." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): e0265244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265244.

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Background The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is presently being tested to control dengue in several countries. SIT aims to cause the decline of the target insect population through the release of a sufficient number of sterilized male insects. This induces sterility in the female population, as females that mate with sterilized males produce no offspring. Male insects are sterilized through the use of ionizing irradiation. This study aimed to evaluate variable parameters that may affect irradiation in mosquito pupae. Methods An Ae. aegypti colony was maintained under standard laboratory conditions. Male and female Ae. aegypti pupae were separated using a Fay and Morlan glass sorter and exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 Gy) using a Co60 source. The effects of radiation on survival, flight ability and the reproductive capacity of Ae. aegypti were evaluated under laboratory conditions. In addition, mating competitiveness was evaluated for irradiated male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to be used for future SIT programmes in Sri Lanka. Results Survival of irradiated pupae was reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner but it was invariably greater than 90% in control, 40, 50, 60, 70 Gy in both male and female Ae. aegypti. Irradiation didn’t show any significant adverse effects on flight ability of male and female mosquitoes, which consistently exceeded 90%. A similar number of eggs per female was observed between the non-irradiated groups and the irradiated groups for both irradiated males and females. Egg hatch rates were significantly lower when an irradiation dose above 50 Gy was used as compared to 40 Gy in both males and females. Irradiation at higher doses significantly reduced male and female survival when compared to the non-irradiated Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Competitiveness index (C) scores of sterile and non-sterile males compared with non-irradiated male mosquitoes under laboratory and semi-field conditions were 0.56 and 0.51 respectively at 50 Gy. Signification Based on the results obtained from the current study, a 50 Gy dose was selected as the optimal radiation dose for the production of sterile Ae. aegypti males for future SIT-based dengue control programmes aiming at the suppression of Ae. aegypti populations in Sri Lanka.

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Sollazzo, Germano, Georgia Gouvi, Katerina Nikolouli, Elena I. Cancio Cancio Martinez, Marc F. Schetelig, and Kostas Bourtzis. "Temperature Sensitivity of Wild-Type, Mutant and Genetic Sexing Strains of Ceratitis capitata." Insects 13, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100943.

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Area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes with a sterile insect technique component (SIT) are used to control populations of insect pests worldwide, including the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. SIT consists of the mass rearing, radiation-induced sterilization, handling, and release of sterile insects over the target area. Although SIT can be performed by using both sterile males and females, male-only releases significantly increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of SIT applications. Male-only releases can be achieved by using genetic sexing strains (GSS). The medfly VIENNA 8 GSS is based on two selectable markers, the white pupae (wp) gene, and the temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) genes. The latter allows the elimination of females by exposing embryos to elevated temperatures. This study assessed the temperature sensitivity of twenty-seven medfly strains through a TSLT. Our results indicated significant differences among the strains regarding egg hatching as well as pupal and adult recovery rates due to the presence or absence of the tsl mutation and/or the genetic background of the strains. Our findings are discussed in the context of SIT applications, the importance of the tsl gene for developing genetic sexing strains, and climate change.

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Carvalho, Danilo O., Jorge A. Torres‐Monzon, Panagiota Koskinioti, N. D. Asha Dilrukshi Wijegunawardana, Xiao Liang, Gulizar Pillwax, Zhiyong Xi, and Kostas Bourtzis. "Aedes aegypti lines for combined sterile insect technique and incompatible insect technique applications: the importance of host genomic background." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 168, no. 6-7 (March 26, 2020): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12892.

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Gentile, James E., and Samuel S. C. Rund. "A Framework for Modeling Genetically-Aware Mosquito Vectors for Sterile Insect Technique." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011070104.

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Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden (WHO, 2004). Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission (holoendemic areas) still exist (Molineaux et al., 1980). To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.

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Guo, Jiatian, Xiaoying Zheng, Dongjing Zhang, and Yu Wu. "Current Status of Mosquito Handling, Transporting and Releasing in Frame of the Sterile Insect Technique." Insects 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060532.

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) and its related technologies are considered to be a powerful weapon for fighting against mosquitoes. As an important part of the area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs, SIT can help reduce the use of chemical pesticides for mosquito control, and consequently, the occurrence of insecticide resistance. The mosquito SIT involves several important steps, including mass rearing, sex separation, irradiation, packing, transportation, release and monitoring. To enable the application of SIT against mosquitoes to reduce vector populations, the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Centre (previously called Division) of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture (hereinafter called Joint FAO/IAEA Centre) and its Insects Pest Control sub-program promoted a coordinated research project (CRP) entitled “Mosquito handling, transport, release and male trapping methods” to enhance the success of SIT. This article summarizes the existing explorations that are critical to the handling and transporting of male mosquitoes, offers an overview of detailed steps in SIT and discusses new emerging methods for mosquito releases, covering most processes of SIT.

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Horner, R. M., J. T. S. Walker, D. J. Rogers, P. L. Lo, and D. M. Suckling. "Use of the sterile insect technique in New Zealand Benefits and constraints." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5900.

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly being evaluated as a potential complementary strategy for pest suppression or elimination New Zealands export fruit sector has an imperative to meet strict international phytosanitary requirements together with increasing market demand for residuefree produce SIT is a pestspecific method of insect control that can complement current Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies Successful SIT presents significant challenges the target pest must be a good candidate for suppression and strong stakeholder and community commitment is required to achieve and maintain suppression until areawide elimination is achieved Emerging sterilisation technologies and refinement of existing methods are making this technology progressively more efficient and costeffective This study reviewed the advantages of including SIT in an IPM programme and described the first use of codling moth SIT in New Zealand A pilot programme is currently underway to evaluate its potential to achieve local elimination of codling moth in Central Hawkes Bay apple orchards

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Al Baki, Md Abdullah, Mohammad Vatanparast, and Yonggyun Kim. "Male-biased Adult Production of the Striped Fruit Fly, Zeugodacus scutellata, by Feeding dsRNA Specific to Transformer-2." Insects 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040211.

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Sterile insect release technique (SIT) is effective for eradicating quarantine insects including various tephritid fruit flies. When SIT is used for fruit flies, it is challenging to remove females from sterile males due to oviposition-associated piercing damage. This study developed a sex transition technique by feeding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific to a sex-determining gene, Transformer-2 (Zs-Tra2) of the striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata. Zs-Tra2 is homologous to other fruit fly orthologs. It is highly expressed in female adults. RNA interference (RNAi) of Zs-Tra2 by injecting or feeding its specific dsRNA to larvae significantly increased male ratio. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing dsRNA specific to Zs-Tra2 were prepared and used to feed larvae to suppress Zs-Tra2 gene expression levels. When these recombinant bacteria were fed to larvae during the entire feeding stage, the test population was significantly male-biased. Some females treated with such recombinant E. coli exhibited mosaic morphological characters such as the presence of male-specific abdominal setae in females. This study proposes a novel technique by feeding dsRNA specific to Transformer-2 to reduce female production during mass-rearing of tephritid males for SIT.

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Migdał, Paweł, Agnieszka Murawska, and Adam Roman. "A Modified Standardized Method to Extract and Store Insect Hemolymph with Use of a Glass Capillary." Journal of Apicultural Science 64, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2020-0004.

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AbstractHemolymph is the “blood” circulating in the entire insect body. Analysis of this fluid gives information about the condition of the insect. The most precise analyses are conducted on insects’ hemolymph suspended in 0.6% physiological saline (NaCl). Most current hemolymph extraction methods are either difficult or do not provide pure material, the contamination of collected insect “blood” can change results. This study aimed to develop a technique for extract hemolymph, both easy and without risk of contaminating derived material. The presented method is a modification of available ways to extract, store and transport hemolymph with the use of a glass capillary. For the development of this technique, adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were used. The method required such basic equipment as a glass capillary, sterile tweezer, Eppendorf tube and physiological saline. The collected hemolymph were frozen and hence sent in a glass capillary to another laboratory for analysis.

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