Journal articles on the topic 'Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects'
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Neculăesei Onea, Angelica-Nicoleta. "Cultural Stereotypes – A Revival of Bosche’s View." Review of Economic and Business Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2017-0061.
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AbstractThe analysis of cultural stereotypes is important for different areas of knowledge. It is usually considered that psychology is concerned about these issues, but this subject is also of interest for some economic subdomains. One of these sub-domains is intercultural management, which attempts to provide intercultural diagnostic models to highlight cultural specific elements and cultural differences and to provide recommen–dations to valorize them in management. There are even intercultural diagnostic models that are based on the analysis of cultural stereotypes due to their connection with attitudes, values, social norms, therefore of their ability to capture cultural specific aspects. The Bosche approach presented in this article is part of this category. Although the results were not very edifying in terms of cultural specificity, the author noticing the differences between self-stereotypes and hetero-stereotypes, the highlighted conceptual, methodological and epistemological aspects have of special importance allowing their valorization in future intercultural studies.
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Hodel, Lea, Magdalena Formanowicz, Sabine Sczesny, Jana Valdrová, and Lisa von Stockhausen. "Gender-Fair Language in Job Advertisements." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116688085.
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The present study investigates whether and how the use of gender-fair language is related to linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic differences between countries with grammatical gender languages. To answer this question, we analyzed job titles in online job advertisements from four European countries differing in achieved gender equality and egalitarian versus hierarchical cultural values (Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and Czech Republic). Results show that gender-fair job titles were more frequent in more egalitarian countries with higher levels of socioeconomic gender equality (Switzerland, Austria) than in countries with a higher acceptance of hierarchies and inequalities (Poland, Czech Republic). In the latter countries, gender-specific (masculine or feminine) job titles predominated. Moreover, gender-fair job titles were more prevalent in a female-dominated branch (health care) and a gender-balanced economic branch (food services) than in a male-dominated branch (constructional steel and metal work). Thus, our findings suggest that the language use in job advertisements indeed corresponds with linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic aspects and may contribute to the transmission of gender (in)equalities and gender stereotypes.
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Kleinpenning, Gerard, and Louk Hagendoorn. "Contextual aspects of ethnic stereotypes and interethnic evaluations." European Journal of Social Psychology 21, no. 4 (July 1991): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420210406.
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Connor, Paul, Jordan Varney, Dacher Keltner, and Serena Chen. "Social Class Competence Stereotypes Are Amplified by Socially Signaled Economic Inequality." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220916640.
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A number of psychological theories suggest that increased economic inequality may lead to greater social class stereotyping. However, all existing evidence for this claim is correlational. Across three experiments (one exploratory and two confirmatory, N = 2,286), we observed that exposure to socially signaled inequality—operationalized in terms of variation in perceived incomes among groups of target individuals—amplified the endorsement of one key social class stereotype: the perception that higher income individuals are more competent. When judged amid greater inequality, the same high-income targets were perceived as more competent and the same low-income targets were perceived as less competent, compared with when judged amid greater equality. By contrast, we found no consistent effect of exposure to inequality on stereotypes regarding warmth and relatively weak class-based stereotyping on the warmth dimension in general. We discuss implications of these findings for theories regarding the effects of economic inequality.
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Carpenter, Jordan, Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro, Lucie Flekova, Salvatore Giorgi, Courtney Hagan, Margaret L. Kern, Anneke E. K. Buffone, Lyle Ungar, and Martin E. P. Seligman. "Real Men Don’t Say “Cute”." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 3 (November 15, 2016): 310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616671998.
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People associate certain behaviors with certain social groups. These stereotypical beliefs consist of both accurate and inaccurate associations. Using large-scale, data-driven methods with social media as a context, we isolate stereotypes by using verbal expression. Across four social categories—gender, age, education level, and political orientation—we identify words and phrases that lead people to incorrectly guess the social category of the writer. Although raters often correctly categorize authors, they overestimate the importance of some stereotype-congruent signal. Findings suggest that data-driven approaches might be a valuable and ecologically valid tool for identifying even subtle aspects of stereotypes and highlighting the facets that are exaggerated or misapplied.
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Turetsky, Kate M., and Travis A. Riddle. "Porous Chambers, Echoes of Valence and Stereotypes." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617733519.
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Selective exposure to one-sided news coverage, especially of controversial geopolitical events, may contribute to growing social polarization. Existing research on “echo chambers”—fragmented information environments that amplify homogeneous perspectives—focuses on the degree to which individuals and social media platforms shape informational segregation. Here, we explore whether news organizations directly contribute to echo chambers through the hyperlinks they embed in online articles. Using network and text analysis, we examined coverage of the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO, and found that online news media exhibited weak community structure and high connectivity across news outlets. However, analyses also indicated that media sources were more likely to link to coverage that was similar to their own in terms of emotional valence and stereotype-relevant aspects of the events. While hyperlinking to diverse news sources may ameliorate fragmented information environments, selectively linking to similar coverage may contribute to growing polarization.
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Ulybina, E. V., and A. A. Antonova. "Relation of Belief in Justice to the Typicality of Complementary Stereotypes of the Rich and the Poor." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 1 (2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130104.
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Objective. Analysis of the contribution of complementary and non-complementary stereotypes and assessing their typicality in the level of belief in a just world (BJW) among employees of commercial and non-profit organizations.Background. Increasing economic inequality makes it relevant to study the relationship between the assessment of the world as just and the relationship to the rich and poor. According to the theory of system justification by J. Jost, people are motivated to support the status quo, including by relying on complementary stereotypes that combine desirable and undesirable qualities in one image. Research by A. Kay and J. Jost (2003) has shown that actualizing complementary stereotypes of the unhappy rich and the happy poor increases the level of the acquitting of systems. However, the nature of the impact of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes on the belief in justice, depending on the initial just-world belief level, and the contribution of subjective assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes to the just-world belief level remains poorly studied.Study design. A two-factor plan was used to analyze the contributions of the actualization of stereotypes and the place of work to the level of the just-world belief scales. The paper studied the dependence of the level of the just-world belief scales on the place of work of the respondents, the conditions of filling the questionnaire (after actualization of complementary stereotypes, non-complementary stereotypes, and without reading the texts), and the relative contribution to the level of the just-world belief scales of the conditions of filling the questionnaire and assessing the typicality. The method of analysis of variance was used to compare the just-world belief level in groups of employees of commercial and non-profit organizations under different filling conditions. Regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of gender, age, place of work, and the assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes to the just-world belief level.Participants. 260 people, including 130 employees of non-profit organizations, 130 employees of commercial organizations, the average age was 36 years.Measurements. Vignettes with descriptions of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes, the just-world belief questionnaire (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver et al., 2013).Results. For non-profit organizations employees, the level of both just-world belief scales decreases at non-complementary stereotypes actualization; for commercial organizations employees, it increases slightly at complementary stereotypes actualization in relation to the background. The level of BJW-others is determined only by the assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes. None of the considered predictors contributes to the BJW-self.Conclusions. The BJW-others is determined by a subjective assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes. The low level of BJW increases at complementary stereotypes actualization, and the high level of BJW decreases at non-complementary stereotypes actualization.
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Novikov, Alexey L., and Irina A. Novikova. "Ethnic Stereotypes in Intercultural Communication: Psychological and Semantic Aspects." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-4-977-989.
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Currently, ethnic stereotypes are considered as phenomena that mediate the processes of intercultural perception, dialogue and interaction. This fact determines the relevance of it comprehensive interdisciplinary study by different sciences (sociology, political science, psychology, linguistics, etc.). In this article, ethnic stereotypes are analyzed, firstly, at the psychological level (types, functions, structure), and secondly, at the psycholinguistic and psychosemantic levels (from the point of view of the rationale for it diagnosis with using the semantic differential). The possibilities of the semantic differential for studying the content, consistency, direction and intensity of social stereotypes in general, as well as the method modifications for diagnosis ethnic stereotypes, are examined. The heuristic potential of semantic differential for diagnosing ethnic stereotypes as phenomena, on the one hand, reflecting various aspects of intercultural perception and dialogue, and, on the other hand, directly affecting the intercultural interaction, is shown on the example of empirical studies on ethnic stereotypes in the intercultural communication context. The results of ethnic stereotypes studies are of high practical importance for the development of programs for increase intercultural competence, which are in demand in various areas of modern society in the face of e globalization and the growth of intercultural contacts (education, business, tourism, etc.).
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Zolotukhin, Vladimir, Dariya Semina, and Marina Semina. "Socio-Cultural and Axiological Aspects of Economic Behavior and Satisfaction of Human Needs." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-1-47-52.
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The present article considers the correlation of two key categories of human economic behavior: needs and values. As the socio-cultural attitudes of modern society change, values become the main reference point of the individual, and the ways the person chooses to realize his or her needs characterize the formation of value orientations and stereotypes of human behavior. From the point of view of development of various consumption models, the axiological attitude to goods and services is undergoing a transformation. The vector of transformation depends on how this process is reflected by human consciousness. The way one chooses to satisfy his or her needs depends on the prevailing value stereotypes in one’s economic behavior. The formation of needs and their assessment are determined by the economic reality and the socio-cultural environment. A person has the right to determine the trajectory of their economic behavior, as long as it is legal and conscious, both in the technological and economic sense. From the point of view of the subject of activity and consumption, a person is a reflection of social identity, due to the socio-cultural environment, limited by a certain awareness and understanding of the quality of life. The author focuses on the fact that certain negative socio-cultural practices caused by inefficient and problematic activities of state institutions result increase irresponsible behavior, legal nihilism, unjustified tolerance and / or zero tolerance, as well as the transformation of value stereotypes.
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Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Eiliana Montero-Rojas, Tania Elena Moreira-Mora, and José Andrey Zamora-Araya. "Expected and unexpected effects of sexism on women’s mathematics performance." Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 53, no. 1 (August 17, 2019): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/rip/ijp.v53i1.905.
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Research has shown that gender differences in Math performance are partially predicted by sociocultural aspects such as sexist ideologies and stereotypes. This study examined sexist ideologies as predictors of women´s achievement in standardized Math tests, and the mediation role of Math-gender stereotypes and Math self- efficacy, while controlling for abstract reasoning, among high-school girls (H.S.), and university women majoring Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), and in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). Among H.S. girls, data showed the expected indirect effect of Math gender stereotypes on Math achievement via Math self-efficacy. Among university students, model adjustment was less optimal. An unexpected positive relationship between hostile sexism and Math performance in STEM fields emerged. Out data suggest several mechanisms by which ideologies and gender stereotypes affect women´s Math performance.
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Mihăilescu, Ioan. "Mental Stereotypes in the First Years of Post‐Totalitarian Romania." Government and Opposition 28, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1993.tb01318.x.
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THE TRANSITION FROM COMMUNIST TOTALITARIANISM TO a democratic socio-political organization and to a market economy system depends on several economic factors (capital, technology, skilled labour force, competent management) and also on political and cultural elements. The political speeches, whether delivered by government or opposition in Romania, underline almost exclusively the financial, technological or political aspects, neglecting quite completely the psycho-sociological dimension of this transitory period. The fact that the economic reforms somehow failed is only partly due to the lack of economic resources or to organizational setbacks. These are, of course, significant and undeniable reasons, but there is one more explanation rather forgotten, and that is the attitude of the Romanian population itself towards economic, social and political changes.
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Islam, Mir Rabiul, and Mirna Jahjah. "PREDICTORS OF YOUNG AUSTRALIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD ABORIGINALS, ASIANS AND ARABS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 6 (January 1, 2001): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.6.569.
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Measures of stereotypes, affect, perceived threat and relative deprivation were used to predict attitudes toward three minority groups in Australia: Aboriginals, Asians and Arabs. Participants included 139 Anglo-Saxon volunteer university students (60 male, 79 female). The findings highlighted the fact that attitudes were significantly positive towards Aboriginals compared with attitudes towards Asians and Arabs. However, Asian stereotypes were distinctively positive compared to the two other target groups. Multiple regression analyses indicated that affective measures were often better predictors of attitudes towards minority groups. Overall, the results indicated the importance of emotional stakes as crucial components of racial attitudes in Australia. The implications of these findings suggest that attitude change programs, which have traditionally been based on simply changing cognitive aspects of attitudes (e.g., knowledge structures, facts about racial groups) should also take into consideration the roles of affective features of attitudes (e.g., anxiety, distrust, frustration evoked by racial groups).
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Prinsloo, Casper H. "The Tenacity of Sex-Role Stereotypes." South African Journal of Psychology 22, no. 2 (June 1992): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639202200206.
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The Feminist Movement, technological developments and economic changes have led to sex-role confusion. This confusion has influenced thinking about sex-role identity and sex-role stereotypes, which are also seen as a form of prejudice. Counsellors, therapists, theologians, employers, spouses and others are regularly confronted by this confusion. South African sex-role stereotypes have never been assessed nor have they been compared with findings from studies in other cultures. Following a careful conceptualization, a theoretical exposition and an overview of existing instruments and research results, data on local sex-role stereotypes were collected by means of a postal survey in order to establish a baseline of the stereotypical nature and social desirability of 171 characteristics. This information is necessary for the construction of a local sex-role identity scale. The findings indicated that local stereotypes are similar to those found in 25 cultures abroad, although African and western respondents evaluated certain stereotypes differently. The implications of the findings are considered.
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HŘebÍČková, Martina, and Sylvie Graf. "Accuracy of National Stereotypes in Central Europe: Outgroups are not Better than Ingroup in considering Personality Traits of Real People." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1904.
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In a study on national stereotypes in central Europe—composed of Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Slovakia—2241 participants rated their autostereotype (a typical representative of their own country) and heterostereotypes (typical representatives of the other countries) by using National Character Survey (NCS). Existing data from 17377 participants including self–reports or observer ratings on Revised NEO Personality Inventory and NCS were compared with the national autostereotypes and heterostereotypes. Although national autostereotypes converged with personality traits of real people in Poland and an adult subsample in the Czech Republic, national heterostereotypes did not correspond to personality traits of real people in any of the studied countries. National stereotypes were shared within as well as across countries. In heterostereotypes, raters from similar cultural backgrounds speaking similar languages agreed better as compared with raters from more distant cultures. Target country played a role in agreement of raters from different countries, showed in the highest convergence between autostereotypes and heterostereotypes of a typical German. Sharing of national stereotypes is influenced by political and economic significance of the target country. Although national autostereotypes clearly differentiated between typical representatives of central European countries, the comparison of personality profiles of their inhabitants showed remarkable resemblance. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Carson, Scott Alan. "Economic Aspects of Obesity." Social Science Journal 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2013.05.001.
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Brambilla, Marco, and David A. Butz. "Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes." Social Psychology 44, no. 5 (December 1, 2013): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000127.
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Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.
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Билюченко, Галина, Galina Biljuchenko, Владимир Золотухин, and Vladimir Zolotukhin. "Social, Economic, and Sociocultural Aspects of Innovative Approach to Management and Motivation of Personnel." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2019-3-1-42-48.
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The paper features social, economic, and sociocultural aspects of innovative processes in management of various organizations. The research involved a comparative analysis of the main parameters of modern management methods and their advantages and disadvantages. The authors formulated some management solutions of several large organizations. The research features modern methods of organization management and the effect of the sociocultural environment on various methods of labor motivation. The main attention is given to the transformation of various fields of activity connected with use of digital technologies since there is a change of valuable stereotypes and various criteria of economic behavior. The research studied modern management conditions and revealed the best practices of effective organization management. The authors employed a system and comparative analysis, the causative-consecutive analysis, and such methods as observation, comparison, grouping, and scientific induction and deduction. The research featured small, medium, and large businesses at all stages of their development to create an effective model of human resource management. Thus, the most successful domestic and foreign companies apply non-standard, innovative approaches to management and motivation of personnel, which allows them to develop more effectively in comparison with those organizations which apply standard approaches to personnel management and motivation.
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Manzura Nasrullaevna Nazarova, Natalya Bazarovna Rajapova,. "Status of Women in Uzbekistan through the Prism of Family Relationship and Education." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.856.
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The article examines the historically established concepts of the differences and similarities in men and women. Gender stereotypes that hinder the economic, cultural, social development of girls and women. Examples of reforms carried out in the society to establish gender equality are given. The goals of involving women in social activities and the economic life of the country, the formation and change of official concepts of state regulation of the family are investigated.Fundamentals of the gender order formed by state policy to achieve gender equality at the present time.
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Shyriaeva, Tetiana. "HOW SOCIAL STABILITY INFLUENCES THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL TRUST IN YOUNG UKRAINIANS." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/15.09.04.
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In the light of the current events in Ukraine it appears logical to consider the concept of trust. It has always been and still functions as a cement of human cooperation. Influencing various aspects of interpersonal relations, including interpersonal, intergroup, and individual ones, it illustrates the state of the political, economic and professional ability to maintain social connections. Trust makes the basis for problem solving and is characterized with constructive correlation. Thus, it is seen as the factor of transformation of the state’s social status on its way to become democratic and transparent. Without exaggeration, it is trust that forms the ground for the majority of social processes. On the other hand, the issue of trust becomes scrutinized with special precision in the difficult or crisis periods of the country’s development. Apparently, the change in values, stereotypes, and heuristics is followed by the modification of the human ability to trust, which in this context symbolizes one’s certainty of a particular object or thing being positive in its nature. The light is shed on the issue of trust in Ukraine as nowadays it is characterized by the difficult political, economic, and social situation.
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Forma, Paulina. "RESENTMENT AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF LARGE FAMILIES." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas w Sosnowcu. Pedagogika 21 (November 24, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5655.
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Facing the demographic crisis, it is worth reflecting on the issues of the place, significance and values of large family. As I. Bukalska (2017, s. 55) rightly observes, the strength of the influence of an important group of social interest, which are large families, shapes their better perception. Analyzing the content that responds to research problems on characteristics attributed to large families in source materials, media, assigned to large families and stereotyping the category of such families, it can be concluded that, despite the positive impact of these families on many aspects (e.g. demographic, economic, cultural, identity), large families still have to face unfair stereotypes of remaining a burden on society, being recipients of excessive social benefits, and even – as M. Szyszka (2015, s. 177) indicates – a pathological environment label.
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Шишлова and E. Shishlova. "The Hidden Curriculum as a Mechanism of Reproducing Gender Stereotypes in the Communicative Environment of The University." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 4 (August 17, 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20977.
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The article discusses the concept of the hidden curriculum in terms of its
institutional and communicative aspects. It deals with the reasons for the
sustainability of gender stereotypes in the communicative environment of
the university. The main mechanism of reproducing gender stereotypes and
values is believed to be the social context of an educational organization.
It is characterized by a level of teacher’s communicative competence. The
article analyzes the characteristics of teacher’s verbal and non-verbal behavior
and their impacts on the processes of gender socialization and identification
of modern students. The transformation of gender relations is seen
as an objective and global process caused by progressive socio-economic
changes, whose influence on education requires careful analysis.
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Smoleva, Elena O. "Large Families in Regions: Mechanisms of Exclusion and Stereotypes." Sociological Journal 25, no. 2 (2019): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.2.6389.
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The main problem with large families is their social vulnerability caused by exclusion, the latter referring to the restriction of access to public benefits, the inability of people to participate in important aspects of social life. This study aims at identifying social stereotypes which intensify exclusion and (or) prevent the inclusion of large families. The study is based on data from surveys of the population of the North-Western Federal District conducted by VolRC RAS in 2016–2017, as well as materials of qualitative research (focus groups with multi-child parents). As a result, various mechanisms of exclusion (social, economic, personal) and social stereotypes corresponding to each mechanism are defined. The author classifies families with many children by their degree of social exclusion, taking into account the risk of limiting access to various resources. The study shows that mothers with many children face a heightened risk of exclusion. The study reveals stereotypes of parents with several children regarding their willingness to change the situation, while identifying factors that prevent inclusion in labor activity: “alienation”, “external reasons”, “personal characteristics”. The analysis shows that widespread practices of social inclusion include hopes for state support, believing in a lack of effective mechanisms for solving employment problems, a lack of benefits from social support and a decrease in the attractiveness of altruistic ideas in society. The novelty of the results lies in identifying the groups within multi-child families that differ in the level of risk of exclusion, as well as in the contribution of social and personal mechanisms to their exclusion, and indentifying the resources for inclusion among large families.
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Croft, Alyssa, Toni Schmader, and Katharina Block. "Life in the Balance: Are Women’s Possible Selves Constrained by Men’s Domestic Involvement?" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 808–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218797294.
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Do young women’s expectations about potential romantic partners’ likelihood of adopting caregiving roles in the future contribute to whether they imagine themselves in nontraditional future roles? Meta-analyzed effect sizes of five experiments (total N = 645) supported this complementarity hypothesis. Women who were primed with family-focused (vs. career-focused) male exemplars (Preliminary Study) or information that men are rapidly (vs. slowly) assuming greater caregiving responsibilities (Studies 1-4) were more likely to envision becoming the primary economic provider and less likely to envision becoming the primary caregiver of their future families. A meta-analysis across studies revealed that gender role complementarity has a small-to-medium effect on both women’s abstract expectations of becoming the primary economic provider ( d = .27) and the primary caregiver ( d = −.26). These patterns suggest that women’s stereotypes about men’s stagnant or changing gender roles might subtly constrain women’s own expected work and family roles.
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Otterbacher, Jahna. "Linguistic Bias in Collaboratively Produced Biographies: Crowdsourcing Social Stereotypes?" Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14610.
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Language is the primary medium through which stereotypes are conveyed. Even when we avoid using derogatory language, there are many subtle ways in which stereotypes are created and reinforced, and they often go unnoticed. Linguistic bias, the systematic asymmetry in language patterns as a function of the social group of the persons described, may play a key role. We ground our study in the social psychology literature on linguistic biases, and consider two ways in which biases might manifest: through the use of more abstract versus concrete language, and subjective words. We analyze biographies of African American and Caucasian actors at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), hypothesizing that language patterns vary as a function of race and gender. We find that both attributes are correlated to the use of abstract, subjective language. Theory predicts that we describe people and scenes that are expected, as well as positive aspects of our in-group members, with more abstract language. Indeed, white actors are described with more abstract, subjective language at IMDb, as compared to other social groups. Abstract language is powerful because it implies stability over time; studies have shown that people have better impressions of others described in abstract terms. Therefore, the widespread prevalence of linguistic biases in social media stands to reinforce social stereotypes. Further work should consider the technical and social characteristics of the collaborative writing process that lead to an increase or decrease in linguistic biases.
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Reyna, Christine, Mark Brandt, and G. Tendayi Viki. "Blame It on Hip-Hop: Anti-Rap Attitudes as a Proxy for Prejudice." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 12, no. 3 (April 17, 2009): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430209102848.
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This research investigated the stereotypes associated with rap music and hip-hop culture, and how those stereotypes may influence anti-Black attitudes and justifications for discrimination. In three studies—using a representative sample from America, as well as samples from two different countries—we found that negative stereotypes about rap are pervasive and have powerful consequences. In all three samples, negative attitudes toward rap were associated with various measures of negative stereotypes of Blacks that blamed Blacks for their economic plights (via stereotypes of laziness). Anti-rap attitudes were also associated with discrimination against Blacks, through both personal and political behaviors. In both American samples, the link between anti-rap attitudes and discrimination was partially or fully mediated by stereotypes that convey Blacks' responsibility. This legitimizing pattern was not found in the UK sample, suggesting that anti-rap attitudes are used to reinforce beliefs that Blacks do not deserve social benefits in American society, but may not be used as legitimizing beliefs in other cultures.
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Sushma, B., and G. Padmaja. "Psychology in India." Psychology Teaching Review 17, no. 2 (2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2011.17.2.21.
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Psychology forms the basis of every human activity. The scope of psychology is increasingly widening in various economic, political, social, cultural and technological aspects. Though the application of psychology is extending to various aspects of life, it needs to be indigenised to address the dynamic needs in the various socio–economic contexts to make the subject highly relevant to the contemporary society. The present article explores the development of psychology in India in various fields in this context.
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Gaidash, Anna, and Svitlana Kadubovska. "Old age representations in Constanze Dennig’s dystopia “Exstasy Rave”." Studia Philologica 2, no. 15 (2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2021.159.
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The paper tackles the representations of old age in Constanze Dennig's dystopia "Exstasy Rave". Modern theatrical tendencies and the role of drama as a mouthpiece of social ideas, in particular in matters of aging and old age, are related; ageist stereotypes in the text of Constanze Dennig are analyzed; problem-semantic aspects of corporeality are studied; the possibilities of author's remodeling of discriminatory stereotypes of old age are inferred. The challenges presented by the Austrian woman playwright in her drama allow us to attribute her work to the post-dramatic theater, which in Lehmann's sense is able to help restore the social continuum and support society's internal unity. Through the mouths of the protagonists and the nonverbal plane, Dennig's drama becomes a means of communication in society. The analyzed age stereotypes of the play reveal the author's reflection on the social challenges of modern Western society, including the attitude to the third age and the aging process. In the dystopia, old age is perceived as a physical and moral decline and a burden on society. In the future, discriminatory practices against the older generation are not only verbal, but also physical (forced euthanasia). There are manifestations of self-stereotyping by the aged dramatis personae themselves. Carefully read problem-semantic aspects of corporeality in a dramatic text are a segment of ageist discourse, sometimes with a political color. Yet, the woman playwright offers mechanisms for remodeling the ageist consciousness by means of the female characters (Eva, Michaela). Dennig constructs a sharply negative vision of the potential consequences of the ageist attitude towards the elderly because she observes their roots in the socio-economic and moral-ethical issues of today. Thus, old age is a litmus test for the social morality of Europeans, who set an example to the younger generation with their attitude to old age.
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Choguill, Charles L., Erwin S. Solomon, and Robert Machin. "Social aspects of economic readjustment in Hungary: A consideration of the role of social-economic indicators." Social Indicators Research 29, no. 2 (June 1993): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01077896.
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Vecchio Camargo, Carolina Mercedes, Sandra Milena Rodríguez Acosta, and Edith Teresa Aristizabal Diaz-Granados. "Social Stigma: A Systematic Review of Cognitive Insights from Behavioral Economics (1940–2019)." International Journal of Psychological Research 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 98–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5434.
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There are minority and stigmatized groups who face particular challenges to their full participation in society. This study’s objective was to conduct a systematic review to determine theoretical and methodological underpinnings in behavioral economics that explain how stigmatization emerges within the relationship processes and social structures of individuals. Data from 1940 to 2019 were sourced from 12 relevant electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, 26 studies out of 3459 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies applied experimental economics and were published between 2002 and 2018. Overall, the articles focus their research on the experiences of discrimination based on stereotypes and test their hypotheses through economic games. The data synthesis seems to reveal weak conceptual clarity, circular reasoning, and a hint of the problem of infinite regress. Thus, these issues open new and exciting avenues for future research to explore via an array of experimental applications.
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Grochowski, Piotr. "How and why Polish peasants (do not) talk about the Holocaust." Fabula 61, no. 3-4 (November 25, 2020): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2020-0016.
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AbstractIn this article I discuss how images of the Holocaust are contained in Polish oral narratives and the special way of transmitting them among peasants. Based on materials collected during ethnographic research conducted by Dionizjusz Czubala in the 1970s and 1980s in the southern part of the Świętokrzyskie Province in Poland I try to show, how traditional stereotypes concerning Jews and social relations influence the way of shaping and transmitting stories about the Holocaust. Analysing a sample of texts, I am arguing that core motif connects to the economic aspects of Polish-Jewish relations before and during the Second World War. I also claim that these recollections circulated in a situation that can be described as a pact of silence and therefore fulfilled several significant functions, among which the most important were: a) building and framing knowledge about past events, b) protection of the good reputation of the local community, c) maintaining relatively correct neighbourly relations, d) setting social status by stigmatizing economic contacts with Jews.
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Plenty, Stephanie, and Carina Mood. "Money, Peers and Parents: Social and Economic Aspects of Inequality in Youth Wellbeing." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, no. 7 (February 4, 2016): 1294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0430-5.
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Poeschl, Gabrielle. "A hundred years of debates on sex differences: Developing research for social change." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6399.
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After women secured the right to vote some hundred years ago, the assertions about their innate inferiority gradually began to vanish, giving way to theories about the countless aspects which apparently differentiated them from men. In this paper, we follow the evolution of research on sex differences, starting with the work of the first female psychologists who questioned the theories that justified women’s subordinate positions in society. We trace the main developments of the studies on sex differences, their relationship with social roles, gender stereotypes, and gender identity, and describe the strategies used to highlight the role of society rather than of biology in shaping men and women’s personalities and behaviors. We describe the controversies this area of research gave rise to, the debates over its political implications, and the changes observed over time in women’s social positions and within research perspectives. Finally, we discuss the mutually reinforcing effects of social organization and lay conceptions of gender and reflect on how the field of research on sex differences has contributed to building a fairer society.
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Mestanza-Ramón, Carlos, José Luis Jiménez-Caballero, Mónica Izurieta-Castelo, Diana Carpio Álvarez, and Carolina Moran Tubon. "IMPORTANCE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN NATURE TOURISM." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.6.75.
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Landscape is a fundamental element in tourism and its promotion. Generally, the importance of a landscape in the processes of tourism development and its sustainability is unknown. In this sense, this study describes the evolution of the concept of tourism, analyzes the relationship between tourism and landscape, its valorization and landscape stereotypes. To respond to these objectives, a bibliographic review was carried out in high impact and regional scientific databases. As a result, the importance of the landscape for tourism, its valorization and integral development is transversally detailed. Finally, the different landscapes and their elements must be managed in a responsible and sustainable way where environmental, social and economic aspects are valued.
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Pereira, Marcos Emanoel, José Luis Álvaro Estramiana, and Inge Schweiger Gallo. "Essentialism and the Expression of Social Stereotypes: A Comparative Study of Spain, Brasil and England." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 2 (November 2010): 808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002468.
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Over the past few years, one of the most productive directions in the study of the activation and application of stereotypes has been provided by the essentialist concept of categorization. The research presented here studied the impact of two dimensions of essentialist beliefs - naturalism and entitativity-by using data collected from Brazil, Spain and England. The aim was to test whether there was a greater degree of essentialization among the naturalizable categories (sex, age and race) than among the entitative categories (economic condition, religion, political orientation, nationality and social condition). The results not only showed that participants hold more essentialist beliefs with regard to naturalistic categories but also showed the differences in the degree of essentialization across the three cultures. A discussion is conducted on the implications of the present findings, and on the heuristic value of the theoretical model (of the bidimensional nature of essentialism) adopted by this research.
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Kotzur, Patrick F., Nora Forsbach, and Ulrich Wagner. "Choose Your Words Wisely." Social Psychology 48, no. 4 (August 2017): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000312.
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Abstract. Differences in word connotations can have far-reaching consequences. We investigated the content, and emotional and behavioral consequences of the social perception of fled people as a function of their label (“refugees” vs. “asylum seekers”; “war refugees” vs. “economic refugees” vs. “refugees”) using a factorial survey (n = 389). Based on qualitative data on perceived intentions associated with the labels, we deducted predictions regarding differences in the Stereotype Content Model and Behavior from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map. Participants evaluated refugees and asylum seekers similarly. Economic refugees were evaluated more negatively than war refugees or refugees, while the profiles of war refugees and refugees matched. These findings suggest that the choice of words to refer to fled people has profound consequences.
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Postma, M. J., J. C. Jager, and L. T. W. de Jong-van den Berg. "Socio-economic aspects of extended STD screening in pregnancy." AIDS Care 12, no. 6 (December 2000): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120020014273.
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Fisanov, Volodymyr. "Facing Europe: Regional Aspects of Paradiplomatics in Chernivtsi Oblast (Current Challenges and Possible Solutions)." Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no. 7 (December 23, 2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2019.7.81-96.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon of paradiplomacy as a factor of fragmentation in a globalized world, which reflects the complex processes of reducing the role of the state as an actor and a foreign policy instrument in the post-Westphalian era. Different and real processes of regionalization and transregional interaction are investigated, using paradigm diplomacy in the Chernivtsi region. The author explores the factor of increasing the role of regional elites in order to increase their own legitimacy in the context of transregional interaction in the Upper Region Euroregion. Complexities and contradictions of transregional cooperation are considered. It’s concluded that the narrowing of this Euroregion should be avoided for ineffective communication between the managers and representatives of the bureaucracy of the three countries. The article noted that the granting of dual citizenship to representatives of the Romanian and Moldovan communities of Chernivtsi region is a certain critical milestone holding back highquality economic and social cooperation within the Upper Prut Euroregion. The author’s proposal is to launch a joint international educational and cultural project of Ukraine and Romania «History of Bukovina of the Twentieth сentury: without stereotypes and layers». The implementation of such project will help to overcome the old stereotypes in contemporary Ukrainian-Romanian relations, being a reliable tool for a more effective cultural paradigm over the next decade. We are facing the construction of European tradition in Ukraine, as well as in Romania and Moldova, which should be worthy of puzzle. Only then will the citizens of our three countries residing in the Upper Prut Euroregion become truly status citizens of United Europe, feeling the positive effects of the development of regional paradiplomacy.
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Kobets, Y. V. "REVOLUTION AND STATUS OF WOMEN: GENDER AND POLITICAL ASPECTS." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea, no. 6(50) (December 28, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-57-64.
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The twentieth century will be remembered as a time of the revolutions that had a consequence a radical transformation of social relations. There was also a so-called "Quiet revolution" or "revolution of women", which led to a significant number of their emancipation. The article deals with the change of gender stereotypes under the influence of revolutionary changes during the year ot 1917, the period of formation the establishment of independence, during the events of the Maidan and the Revolution of Virtue.
The research document contains a political analysis of socio-political processes of participation and role of women that took place in Ukraine and in the world. The author emphasizes the features of the displaying problems depending on a particular ideological and political situation, political regime. It became possible with the help of a systematic and integrated approach to consideration of the problem to supplement the general picture of revolutionary events, to reveal the female component of these periods in all of it's diverse manifestations, to make a certain contribution to the field of gender research in political science.
The focus is on the struggle for women to equalize rights with men in the economic, political, cultural spheres of life, as well on their participation in general political processes.
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A Saed, Hadeel. "The Representation of Women in Arab Media: Evidence From Jordan’s News Agency (PETRA) in 2017." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 6 (December 22, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i6.15273.
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Arab women have recently made significant achievements in the fields of science and education in addition to contributing to political, social, and economic aspects. Despite so, they still face different obstacles and have limited opportunities to take leading positions in the Arab community. This study uses a corpus of 1329 articles (562,501 words) published by Jordan News Agency (PETRA) to examine how women are defined and constructed in 2017. Carrying out a Critical Discourse Analysis qualitative analysis and Corpus Linguistic quantitative analysis, the researcher found that although Jordan is making progress with regard to women’s rights, women are still seen as a weak part in the society. The article concludes that representing women as dominated party helps to perpetuate negative stereotypes.
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Karki, Karun Kishor, and Hari KC. "Nepal-India Relations: Beyond Realist and Liberal Theoretical Prisms." Journal of International Affairs 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29085.
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Taking the historical narratives that tout Nepal-India relations as based on mutual respect of each other’s sovereignty as a point of departure, we provide a critical reflection upon the flaws of such a single uncritical discourse that not only risks the danger of creating stereotypes but also leaves it incomplete and misleading. Although many aspects of the Nepal-India relations indeed predate the origin of the modern nation-state, any historical discourse that downplays the realpolitik in these relations leaves the story untold about India being a hegemon interfering in Nepal’s internal affairs and obstructing Nepal’s social, economic and political progression. From a neocolonial lens, we provide snapshots of the ways and instances in which India has infringed upon Nepal’s sovereignty and independence.
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Yates, Simeon, and Eleanor Lockley. "Social Media and Social Class." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 9 (May 4, 2018): 1291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773821.
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Background:This article explores the relationship between social class and social media use and draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in examining class in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital. The article starts from a prior finding that those who predominantly only use social media formed a higher proportion of Internet users from lower socioeconomic groups. Data: The article draws on data from two nationally representative U.K. surveys, the OfCom (Office of Communications) Media Literacy Survey ( n ≈ 1,800 per annum) and the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s Taking Part Survey ( n ≈ 10,000 per annum). Methods: Following Yates, Kirby, and Lockley, five types of Internet behavior and eight types of Internet user are identified utilizing principal components analysis and k-means clustering. These Internet user types are then examined against measures of social, economic, and cultural capital. Data on forms of cultural consumption and digital media use are examined using multiple correspondence analysis. Findings: The article concludes that forms of digital media use are in correspondence with other social, cultural, and economic aspects of social class status and contemporary social systems of distinction.
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Simochkin, D. I. "Bringing Together Economics and Psychology: Theoretical and Practical Aspects (Nobel Prize in Economics 2017)." World of new economy 12, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-2-98-109.
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Behavioral economics is a field of research, where the analytical possibilities of psychology science are applied to the analysis of economic decision-making. This approach allows more in-depth analysis of the decision-making process of economic agents and opens up new opportunities for research aimed at increasing overall social benefits.This article examines the studies of Richard Thaler, noted by the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2017, devoted to the study of three psychological features of economic man which systematically affect the behavior of economic agents: limited rationality, the perception of justice (social preferences), and the problem of selfcontrol.Using the system approach, the author sets a goal to carry out a complex analysis of the theoretical, methodological and practical works of the Nobel Prize Laureate, that have received world recognition. The attention is also focused on the awarded Nobel Prize in connection with the peculiarities of the Nobel Committee’s policy of awarding that has been formed over the past few years, within the framework of the development of the world economic science.The article systematizes Thaler’s scientific contribution to economics. In addition, it concludes that awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2017 fits into the overall picture of awards in the last few years. At the same time, it notes one of the main directions of the Nobel Committee’s activities related to the “definition” of such research results and programs that could rehabilitate economic science after the past economic crisis and prevent further increase in the uncertainty of the world economic system.
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Handayani, Diah. "Political Identity, Popular Culture, and Ideological Coercion: The Discourses of Feminist Movement in the Report of Ummi Magazine." Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.051-08.
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This research examines the rise of Islamic populism in Indonesia and understands it as an instrument to clear a new pathway for populism movement into popular culture. Ummi magazine is one of the religious media used to be political vehicles of stablishing constituencies, especially for the Tarbiyah movement in the Soeharto era to the current tendency to popularize the Tarbiyah identity as a new lifestyle. Historically, The Tarbiyah movement in Indonesia is a social and political movement among Indonesian Muslimah students, especially activists in the Suharto period. Muslim middle class entrepreneurs launched a campaign of ‘economic jihad. This research uses a qualitative approach by interpreting and studying the data contained in Ummi Magazine. Media studies were carried out in the January 2017 to 2018 editions. The data obtained were described and associated with the magazine's transformation as an ideological medium and Muslim women's lifestyle today. The result shows that the magazine's transformation from ideology magazine to lifestyle magazine can influence readers because there are more new readers. Whether Ummi as a media for da'wah and a women's magazine, it is still perceived by the readers to apply ideological coercion or simply provide an alternative lifestyle or consumption where religious independence is the main characteristic of the magazine. We argue that Islamic populism is mainly a medium for coercion ideology to gain tracks to power, while the poor remain as ‘floating mass’, and entrapped in many so-called 'empowerment' projects. Populism can be interpreted as a communication style in which a group of politicians considers themselves to represent the people’s interests contrasted with elite interests. Nevertheless, the populism approach is gaining momentum. Abdullah, I. (1996). Tubuh, Kesehatan, dan Struktur yang Melemahkan Wanita. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Bulanan. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM.Al-Abani, S. M. N. (1999). Jilbab Wanita Muslimah. Pustaka At-Tibyan.Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of Modern Debate. Yale University Press.Al-Ghifari, A. (2005). Kerudung Gaul, Berjilbab Tapi Telanjang. Mujahid Press.Armbrust, W. (2000). ‘Introduction’, Mass Mediation: New Approaches to Popular Culture In The Middle East and Beyond. University California Press.Askew, K. (2002). ‘Introduction’, The Anthropology of Media: A Reader.Blackwell.Astuti, S. N. A. . (2005). Membaca Kelompok Berjilbab Sebagai Komunitas Sub Kultur. Universitas Gadjah Mada.BPS. (2017). Statistika Pendapatan. BPS Publication. Banet-Weiser, S. (2006). “I just want to be me again!”: Beauty pageants, reality television and post-feminism. Feminist Theory, 7(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700106064423Banna, H. (2011). Majmu’ah Rasail Al Iman As Syahid (Risalah Pergerakan Ikhawanul Muslimin. Era Intermedia. Barthel, D. (1976) . 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Discourse and Communication Journal, 3(4), 345-369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481309343870Gramsci, A. (1992). Selection from The Prison on Notebooks. International Publisher.Gorham, B. W. (2004). The Social Psychology of Stereotypes: Implications for Media Audiences. In Race/Gender/Media: Considering Diversity Across Audiences, Content, and Producers. Pearson.Hall, S. (1997). The Work Of Representation. In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. SAGE Publication.Handayani, D. (2014). Performatifitas Muslimah dalam Majalah Ummi. At-Tabsyir. Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, 2(1), 73-98. http://doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v2i1.461.Hanifah, U. (2011). Konstruksi Ideologi Gender pada Majalah Wanita (Analisis Wacana Kritis Majalah Ummi). KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunkasi, 5(2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v5i2.170Imdadun, R. (2005). Arus Baru Iislam Radikal: Transmisi, Revivalisme Islam Timur Tengah ke Indonesiaan. Erlangga.Itzin, C.(1986). 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(2008). Citra Perempuan dalam Majalah Wanita Islam UMMI. Jurnal Penelitian Agama. VXII(2), 332-354.Storey, J. (2010). Culture and Power in Cultural Studies: The Politics of Signification. Edinburg University Press.Ulfa, N. M. (2016). Dakwah Melalui Media Cetak (Analisis Isi Rubrik Mutiara Islam Majalah Ummi). Islamic Communication Journal, 1(1), 73-89.
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Davis, Stephanie C., Patrick J. Leman, and Martyn Barrett. "Children's implicit and explicit ethnic group attitudes, ethnic group identification, and self-esteem." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407081461.
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An increasing amount of research explores how children distinguish different aspects of ethnic group attitudes. However, little work has focused on how these aspects tie in with other social and psychological processes. In the present study, 112 black and white children aged 5-, 7- and 9-years completed tests of implicit and explicit ethnic group attitudes, racial and ethnic identification, and self-esteem. Whereas all children exhibited coherent identification with ethnicity defined in terms of family ancestry, only black children identified with ethnicity as defined by racial colour terms. There were no differences in black and white children's self-esteem. Children from both ethnic groups stereotyped only the black character. This stereotyping was stable with age. Positivity was greater towards the black than the white target on implicit and explicit tasks. Negativity towards the white target was evidenced on the implicit task. Positivity, but not stereotyping, was greater on the explicit task compared with the implicit task. Black but not white children's in-group identification was associated with implicit in-group stereotypes. Self-esteem was related to in- and out-group stereotyping and positivity for white but not black children. The implications of these results for social identity development theory and social identity theory are discussed.
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Subbotina, Irina, and Lubov Ostapenko. "Socio-Cultural Portrait of Modern Gagaus Woman." Journal of Ethnology and Culturology 29 (August 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2021.29.02.
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Based on the materials of ethno-sociological and ethno demographic studies from the Soviet and post-Soviet times, carried out by Russian and Moldavian scientists, the article presents a dynamic, socio-cultural image of a Gagauz woman. Different aspects of a modern woman’s life are considered: her life values, attitude to labour, education, wealth, marriage and family. The article also raises questions about religion, ethnic identity, language skills, labour migration of Gagauz women, the transformation of gender stereotypes in Gagauz society. Powerful globalization processes, socio-economic and spiritual crisis, a high level of impoverishment among the population, as well as the pandemic, have greatly affected the worldview system of people. In the Gagauz society, which is now at the stage of transitioning from a traditional to a modern type of society, the most important moral values and spiritual and moral orientations of women have embodied traditional as well as innovative features. The dynamics of the Gagauz women’s spiritual world is strongly influenced by social transformations related to international labour migration that has to a great extent changed the habitual gender roles in the Gagauz family, the existing models and stereotypes of men’s and women’s behavior, their statuses and relationships.
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Bartholomew, Robert E. "Tarantism, dancing mania and demonopathy: the anthro-political aspects of ‘mass psychogenic illness’." Psychological Medicine 24, no. 2 (May 1994): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700027288.
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SynopsisThis study questions the widely held assumption that the phenomenon known as mass psychogenic illness (MPI) existsper sein nature as a psychiatric disorder. Most MPI studies are problematical, being descriptive, retrospective investigations of specific incidents which conform to a set of pre-existing symptom criteria that are used to determine the presence of collective psychosomatic illness. Diagnoses are based upon subjective, ambiguous categories that reflect stereotypes of female normality which assume the presence of a transcultural disease or disorder entity, underemphasizing or ignoring the significance of episodes as culturally conditioned roles of social action. Examples of this bias include the mislabelling of dancing manias, tarantism and demonopathy in Europe since the Middle Ages as culture-specific variants of MPI. While ‘victims’ are typified as mentally disturbed females possessing abnormal personality characteristics who are exhibiting cathartic reactions to stress, it is argued that episodes may involve normal, rational people who possess unfamiliar conduct codes, world-views and political agendas that differ significantly from those of Western-trained investigators who often judge these illness behaviours independent of their local context and meanings.
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Kojima, Hideo. "Japanese Childrearing Advice in its Cultural, Social, and Economic Contexts." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900209.
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After describing the background and current state of historical interests among Japanese developmentalists, this article stresses the value of the direct participation of developmentalists in historical study. Japanese historical materials on childrearing were analysed from a developmental point of view and their relation to cultural, social, and economic contexts in five historical epochs was examined. The results revealed historical continuity of basic beliefs and values in Japanese ethnotheories on childrearing and human development, and their relation to certain structural and functional aspects of Japanese society was demonstrated. A new term, the "ethnopsychological pool of ideas" (EPI), is presented to denote a reservoir of knowledge, practices, sentiments, and values that maintains diverse components across historical periods. The ethnopsychological pool of early modem Japan contained divergent key components based on which a few schools of modem academic theories on child development can be constructed. The analysis suggests that theories of childrearing draw upon naive psychology, expert advice, and scientific psychology, and are mutually related as social constructions based on the ethnopsychological pool of ideas of a particular society.
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Radina, N. K., L. E. Semyonova, and A. V. Kozlova. "The Development of Science as a Personal Project: Male and Female Students about the Prospects of the Development of Russian Science." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 4 (2022): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130405.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. The study, based on a comparative analysis, provides an answer to the question about the features of designing strategies for involvement in scientific activities among male and female students at regional universities. <strong>Background</strong>. Traditionally, science is considered a male field of activity, less accessible to women. The article presents a point of view according to which gender stereotypes are the basis of gender asymmetry in science. A special role in the transmission of gender norms at the stage of primary gender socialization is assigned to the family and school, while the fact of gender stereotyping constructed by education in the choice of profession is stated. Girls, even with academic success, reproduce outdated gender stereotypes, considering science as a sphere of “male self-realization”. <strong>Study design</strong>. The collection of data on the social perceptions and social attitudes of the students was carried out using the "Scientific Priorities" questionnaire (25 statements about science). This questionnaire was filled in by the study participants based on 8 modalities (“important to me”/high personal importance; “ready to participate”/willingness to act; “important for my faculty”; “important for my university”; “important for the Russian science”; “important for the development of science and universities in the countries of the East”; “important for the development of science and universities in the countries of the West”; “important for the development of world science as a whole”). Next, a comparative analysis of 2 groups (male and female students) was used with interpretation in line with gender methodology. <strong>Participants</strong>. Sample: 387 students (321 female students and 66 male students) specializing in medicine, psychology and pedagogy from the universities of Kirov, Kursk and Nizhny Novgorod. <strong>Measurements</strong>. The survey questionnaire “Scientific priorities” focused on the objectives of the study was used. The statements in the questionnaire are combined into four blocks: traditional ideas about the development of science; current trends; block of socio-economic deprivation; sensitivity to political change. <strong>Results</strong>. At regional universities, male students studying at the faculties of “helping professions”, defining the priorities of scientific development, formulate them in accordance with the values and priorities of “male culture”: a technological bias, a high role of competition and an orientation towards a high status of a scientist in society. At regional universities, female students studying at the faculties of “helping professions” demonstrate an interest in the development of science, but do not consider science as a “personal project”. In addition, when studying the social ideas and attitudes of students in the field of science development, the phenomenon of a positive assessment of a remote object was revealed. Among the male and female students surveyed, the social perceptions of Russian science turned out to be the most consimilar. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. It is concluded that gender stereotypes reproduced at the level of students' self-concept are oriented towards supporting the usual format of “masculinization of science”. However, to restore the positions of female students in the field of scientific work, it is not enough just to change gender stereotypes and social perceptions. To support women researchers, social programs are needed to help girls combine professional life in science and motherhood.</p>
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Fedchyshyn, N. O., N. I. Yelahina, O. O. Shevchuk, and O. A. Makovska. "OLD AGE AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." Медична освіта, no. 3 (December 16, 2021): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/m.2414-5998.2021.3.12612.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological principles of the old age phenomenon. It has also been analyzed positive and negative stereotypes related to aging and old age in the aspect of intergenerational relations. The characteristics of the phenomenon of old age, content, forms of attitude to the elderly are considered. This is important at the level of personal development, rational interaction of generations, no less important are the social and economic aspects. This issue gained special importance at the beginning of the XXI century, when the elderly found themselves in the position of social outsiders, and that was important both for society as a whole and for each person. The importance of addressing the topic is substantiated, as the development of many aspects of social life has led to a significant increase in the number of elderly people, and the ratio between workers and retirees has caused concern among economists. The attention is paid to the fact that demographic change, which means that our society continues to age and the prevailing view that the old man is no longer needed, it is emphasized the importance of recognizing the strengths of old age and their use.
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Pozniakov, V. "E.V. Shorokhova as an Economic Psychologist (To the 100th Anniversary)." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021488-2.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of E.V. Shorokhova's works in the field of economic psychology. Shorokhova's ideas about psychological aspects of property relations, the results of her studies of social-psychological dynamics in the conditions of changing forms of ownership during the NEP period are considered. Her views on the relationship of social-economic and social-psychological phenomena are analyzed. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research into the attitude to property under the conditions of social-economic changes in the agriculture of Russia in the 20-30-s of the 20th century and in the Vietnamese village in the 1990-s under the conditions of transition to multiform economy. The paper presents the results of historical-psychological reconstruction performed by Shorokhova on the large empirical material of documentary sources, characterizing the psychological features of Russian entrepreneurship, which include the features of entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial personality, social-psychological phenomena in business communities. Shorokhova's scientific-organizational and editorial activity that had promoted the formation and intensive development of Russian economic psychology is analyzed.