Academic literature on the topic 'Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects"
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Neculăesei Onea, Angelica-Nicoleta. "Cultural Stereotypes – A Revival of Bosche’s View." Review of Economic and Business Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2017-0061.
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AbstractThe analysis of cultural stereotypes is important for different areas of knowledge. It is usually considered that psychology is concerned about these issues, but this subject is also of interest for some economic subdomains. One of these sub-domains is intercultural management, which attempts to provide intercultural diagnostic models to highlight cultural specific elements and cultural differences and to provide recommen–dations to valorize them in management. There are even intercultural diagnostic models that are based on the analysis of cultural stereotypes due to their connection with attitudes, values, social norms, therefore of their ability to capture cultural specific aspects. The Bosche approach presented in this article is part of this category. Although the results were not very edifying in terms of cultural specificity, the author noticing the differences between self-stereotypes and hetero-stereotypes, the highlighted conceptual, methodological and epistemological aspects have of special importance allowing their valorization in future intercultural studies.
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Hodel, Lea, Magdalena Formanowicz, Sabine Sczesny, Jana Valdrová, and Lisa von Stockhausen. "Gender-Fair Language in Job Advertisements." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116688085.
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The present study investigates whether and how the use of gender-fair language is related to linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic differences between countries with grammatical gender languages. To answer this question, we analyzed job titles in online job advertisements from four European countries differing in achieved gender equality and egalitarian versus hierarchical cultural values (Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and Czech Republic). Results show that gender-fair job titles were more frequent in more egalitarian countries with higher levels of socioeconomic gender equality (Switzerland, Austria) than in countries with a higher acceptance of hierarchies and inequalities (Poland, Czech Republic). In the latter countries, gender-specific (masculine or feminine) job titles predominated. Moreover, gender-fair job titles were more prevalent in a female-dominated branch (health care) and a gender-balanced economic branch (food services) than in a male-dominated branch (constructional steel and metal work). Thus, our findings suggest that the language use in job advertisements indeed corresponds with linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic aspects and may contribute to the transmission of gender (in)equalities and gender stereotypes.
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Kleinpenning, Gerard, and Louk Hagendoorn. "Contextual aspects of ethnic stereotypes and interethnic evaluations." European Journal of Social Psychology 21, no. 4 (July 1991): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420210406.
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Connor, Paul, Jordan Varney, Dacher Keltner, and Serena Chen. "Social Class Competence Stereotypes Are Amplified by Socially Signaled Economic Inequality." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220916640.
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A number of psychological theories suggest that increased economic inequality may lead to greater social class stereotyping. However, all existing evidence for this claim is correlational. Across three experiments (one exploratory and two confirmatory, N = 2,286), we observed that exposure to socially signaled inequality—operationalized in terms of variation in perceived incomes among groups of target individuals—amplified the endorsement of one key social class stereotype: the perception that higher income individuals are more competent. When judged amid greater inequality, the same high-income targets were perceived as more competent and the same low-income targets were perceived as less competent, compared with when judged amid greater equality. By contrast, we found no consistent effect of exposure to inequality on stereotypes regarding warmth and relatively weak class-based stereotyping on the warmth dimension in general. We discuss implications of these findings for theories regarding the effects of economic inequality.
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Carpenter, Jordan, Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro, Lucie Flekova, Salvatore Giorgi, Courtney Hagan, Margaret L. Kern, Anneke E. K. Buffone, Lyle Ungar, and Martin E. P. Seligman. "Real Men Don’t Say “Cute”." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 3 (November 15, 2016): 310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616671998.
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People associate certain behaviors with certain social groups. These stereotypical beliefs consist of both accurate and inaccurate associations. Using large-scale, data-driven methods with social media as a context, we isolate stereotypes by using verbal expression. Across four social categories—gender, age, education level, and political orientation—we identify words and phrases that lead people to incorrectly guess the social category of the writer. Although raters often correctly categorize authors, they overestimate the importance of some stereotype-congruent signal. Findings suggest that data-driven approaches might be a valuable and ecologically valid tool for identifying even subtle aspects of stereotypes and highlighting the facets that are exaggerated or misapplied.
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Turetsky, Kate M., and Travis A. Riddle. "Porous Chambers, Echoes of Valence and Stereotypes." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617733519.
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Selective exposure to one-sided news coverage, especially of controversial geopolitical events, may contribute to growing social polarization. Existing research on “echo chambers”—fragmented information environments that amplify homogeneous perspectives—focuses on the degree to which individuals and social media platforms shape informational segregation. Here, we explore whether news organizations directly contribute to echo chambers through the hyperlinks they embed in online articles. Using network and text analysis, we examined coverage of the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO, and found that online news media exhibited weak community structure and high connectivity across news outlets. However, analyses also indicated that media sources were more likely to link to coverage that was similar to their own in terms of emotional valence and stereotype-relevant aspects of the events. While hyperlinking to diverse news sources may ameliorate fragmented information environments, selectively linking to similar coverage may contribute to growing polarization.
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Ulybina, E. V., and A. A. Antonova. "Relation of Belief in Justice to the Typicality of Complementary Stereotypes of the Rich and the Poor." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 1 (2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130104.
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Objective. Analysis of the contribution of complementary and non-complementary stereotypes and assessing their typicality in the level of belief in a just world (BJW) among employees of commercial and non-profit organizations.Background. Increasing economic inequality makes it relevant to study the relationship between the assessment of the world as just and the relationship to the rich and poor. According to the theory of system justification by J. Jost, people are motivated to support the status quo, including by relying on complementary stereotypes that combine desirable and undesirable qualities in one image. Research by A. Kay and J. Jost (2003) has shown that actualizing complementary stereotypes of the unhappy rich and the happy poor increases the level of the acquitting of systems. However, the nature of the impact of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes on the belief in justice, depending on the initial just-world belief level, and the contribution of subjective assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes to the just-world belief level remains poorly studied.Study design. A two-factor plan was used to analyze the contributions of the actualization of stereotypes and the place of work to the level of the just-world belief scales. The paper studied the dependence of the level of the just-world belief scales on the place of work of the respondents, the conditions of filling the questionnaire (after actualization of complementary stereotypes, non-complementary stereotypes, and without reading the texts), and the relative contribution to the level of the just-world belief scales of the conditions of filling the questionnaire and assessing the typicality. The method of analysis of variance was used to compare the just-world belief level in groups of employees of commercial and non-profit organizations under different filling conditions. Regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of gender, age, place of work, and the assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes to the just-world belief level.Participants. 260 people, including 130 employees of non-profit organizations, 130 employees of commercial organizations, the average age was 36 years.Measurements. Vignettes with descriptions of complementary stereotypes and non-complementary stereotypes, the just-world belief questionnaire (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver et al., 2013).Results. For non-profit organizations employees, the level of both just-world belief scales decreases at non-complementary stereotypes actualization; for commercial organizations employees, it increases slightly at complementary stereotypes actualization in relation to the background. The level of BJW-others is determined only by the assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes. None of the considered predictors contributes to the BJW-self.Conclusions. The BJW-others is determined by a subjective assessment of the typicality of complementary stereotypes. The low level of BJW increases at complementary stereotypes actualization, and the high level of BJW decreases at non-complementary stereotypes actualization.
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Novikov, Alexey L., and Irina A. Novikova. "Ethnic Stereotypes in Intercultural Communication: Psychological and Semantic Aspects." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-4-977-989.
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Currently, ethnic stereotypes are considered as phenomena that mediate the processes of intercultural perception, dialogue and interaction. This fact determines the relevance of it comprehensive interdisciplinary study by different sciences (sociology, political science, psychology, linguistics, etc.). In this article, ethnic stereotypes are analyzed, firstly, at the psychological level (types, functions, structure), and secondly, at the psycholinguistic and psychosemantic levels (from the point of view of the rationale for it diagnosis with using the semantic differential). The possibilities of the semantic differential for studying the content, consistency, direction and intensity of social stereotypes in general, as well as the method modifications for diagnosis ethnic stereotypes, are examined. The heuristic potential of semantic differential for diagnosing ethnic stereotypes as phenomena, on the one hand, reflecting various aspects of intercultural perception and dialogue, and, on the other hand, directly affecting the intercultural interaction, is shown on the example of empirical studies on ethnic stereotypes in the intercultural communication context. The results of ethnic stereotypes studies are of high practical importance for the development of programs for increase intercultural competence, which are in demand in various areas of modern society in the face of e globalization and the growth of intercultural contacts (education, business, tourism, etc.).
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Zolotukhin, Vladimir, Dariya Semina, and Marina Semina. "Socio-Cultural and Axiological Aspects of Economic Behavior and Satisfaction of Human Needs." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-1-47-52.
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The present article considers the correlation of two key categories of human economic behavior: needs and values. As the socio-cultural attitudes of modern society change, values become the main reference point of the individual, and the ways the person chooses to realize his or her needs characterize the formation of value orientations and stereotypes of human behavior. From the point of view of development of various consumption models, the axiological attitude to goods and services is undergoing a transformation. The vector of transformation depends on how this process is reflected by human consciousness. The way one chooses to satisfy his or her needs depends on the prevailing value stereotypes in one’s economic behavior. The formation of needs and their assessment are determined by the economic reality and the socio-cultural environment. A person has the right to determine the trajectory of their economic behavior, as long as it is legal and conscious, both in the technological and economic sense. From the point of view of the subject of activity and consumption, a person is a reflection of social identity, due to the socio-cultural environment, limited by a certain awareness and understanding of the quality of life. The author focuses on the fact that certain negative socio-cultural practices caused by inefficient and problematic activities of state institutions result increase irresponsible behavior, legal nihilism, unjustified tolerance and / or zero tolerance, as well as the transformation of value stereotypes.
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Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Eiliana Montero-Rojas, Tania Elena Moreira-Mora, and José Andrey Zamora-Araya. "Expected and unexpected effects of sexism on women’s mathematics performance." Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 53, no. 1 (August 17, 2019): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/rip/ijp.v53i1.905.
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Research has shown that gender differences in Math performance are partially predicted by sociocultural aspects such as sexist ideologies and stereotypes. This study examined sexist ideologies as predictors of women´s achievement in standardized Math tests, and the mediation role of Math-gender stereotypes and Math self- efficacy, while controlling for abstract reasoning, among high-school girls (H.S.), and university women majoring Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), and in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). Among H.S. girls, data showed the expected indirect effect of Math gender stereotypes on Math achievement via Math self-efficacy. Among university students, model adjustment was less optimal. An unexpected positive relationship between hostile sexism and Math performance in STEM fields emerged. Out data suggest several mechanisms by which ideologies and gender stereotypes affect women´s Math performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects"
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Monte, Erica D. "Sex-role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come?" PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4945.
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Parents are the first source of a child's learning of her or his gender. In fact, sex-role stereotyping of infants by parents may occur within the first 24 hours of birth. This study examined the nature of parental stereotyping on the basis of their infant's sex by obtaining parents' descriptions of their newborn and toy and clothing preferences for their newborn. In 1974, Rubin found that parents responded stereotypically to their infants on the basis of sex. Following Rubin's interview approach, 50 parent pairs from two urban hospitals were asked to participate in a parent-infant study and were subsequently interviewed 24 hours postpartum. Parents were asked open-ended descriptive questions about their newborn, given a semantic differential scale of 18 bi-polar objectives, asked about the importance of others recognizing their baby's sex, and asked a set of questions relating to the preference of clothing and toy choices for their newborn. Findings suggest that parents do stereotype their infants on the basis of biological sex. Sons were more likely to be described as strong, perfect, big or big-featured and energetic,--while daughters received more descriptions that mentioned their eyes, skin, or facial features and were also more likely to be described as small, tiny, or weak. Parents of boys were also more likely to state a preference for gender-specific toys and clothing. Infant sex did not make a notable difference on the importance that parents attributed to others recognizing their baby's sex. Fathers were more likely to perceive and describe their daughters more stereotypically than were mothers of either daughters or sons. Further studies to investigate gender stereotyping and its consequences as well as the interplay between the macro and micro levels of gender relations in society are suggested.
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Strömberg, Lars. "Hip fractures in the elderly : social, economic, and psychological aspects of rehabilitation /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2838-x/.
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Gyll, Sean Paul. "The automatic activation of ethnic stereotypes in a simple cognitive task." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1303.
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Al-Aulaqi, Nader. "Arab-Muslim views, images and stereotypes in United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2275.
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Anthonissen, Lise. "An exploration of the gendered discourse in the talk of female facilitators of a wilderness programme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6462.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on discourses in the talk of female facilitators of a wilderness programme. The specific interest is whether and how beliefs and assumptions regarding gender permeate their conceptions of wilderness. This study explored how gender may influence the ways in which wilderness excursions are implemented, and sought to identify discourses that may reinforce male stereotyping of the realm of wilderness. It also aimed at assessing if and how wilderness experiences challenge or perpetuate gender stereotypes. The research design comprised an ethnographic approach and took the form of a case study. The particular group - or case - being studied was the female wilderness facilitators at Usiko, a non-governmental organisation in the Western Cape that offers programmes for youth-at-risk. Wilderness excursions form a crucial component of these programmes, which draw on the natural environment as a means of promoting healing and personal growth. The epistemological base on which the study rests is social constructionist feminism. There was thus a specific focus on the ways in which participants used language to construct meaning in relation to their lives. Data was gathered through six individual interviews and a focus group discussion. It was then analysed and interpreted using a discourse analytic approach. Findings indicated that participants have ambivalent views on gender and gender roles, and associate it with both disadvantages and benefits. This ambivalence was reflected in the ways in which participants both resisted – and seemed to perpetuate a discourse of male privilege. Beliefs and assumptions about gender were furthermore reflected in the implementation and facilitation of wilderness camps, and in the ways in which women conceptualise wilderness. One the one hand, wilderness was constructed as a place where pressure to conform to gender roles is significantly less than in an everyday urban environment. This view of wilderness opens up opportunities for utilising wilderness as a place where gender stereotyping might be challenged. However, a second view of wilderness constructed it as a masculine domain. This view was influenced by the assumption that masculine characteristics, such as autonomy, leadership, risk-taking and physical strength, are needed to participate in outdoor-based activities. In this view, wilderness becomes a place where gender stereotypes are perpetuated. This also reflected in the ways in which separate camps for adolescent boys and girls are structured. This view of wilderness, as well as the accompanying practices on wilderness camps which reinforce this view, could close down possibilities for utilising wilderness experiences as a means of challenging gender stereotyping.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is gerig op diskoerse in die taalgebruik van vroulike fasiliteerders van „n wildernis program. Daar word spesifiek gekyk na of - en hoe oortuigings en aannames betreffende geslag, opvattings oor wildernis deurdring. Hierdie studie het die maniere waarop geslag die uitvoer van wildernis uitstappies mag beïnvloed ondersoek, en het beoog om diskoerse wat die stereotipering van wildernis as ‟n manlike gebied versterk, te identifiseer. Dit het ook beoog om vas te stel of – en hoe wildernis ervaringe geslagstereotipes uitdaag of voortsit. Die navorsingsontwerp behels „n etnografiese benadering en maak gebruik van ‟n gevallestudie. Die spesifieke geval wat bestudeer is, is die vroulike wildernis fasiliteerders by Usiko, ‟n organisasie in die Wes-Kaap wat programme vir hoe-risiko jeugdiges bied. Wildernis uitstappies vorm ‟n kritieke deel van hierdie programme wat gebruik maak van die natuurlike omgewing as ‟n manier om genesing en persoonlike ontwikkeling aan te moedig. Die epistemologiese basis van hierdie studie behels ‟n feministiese, diskoers analitiese benadering. Daar was dus ‟n spesifieke fokus op die maniere waarop deelnemers taal gebruik het om betekenis in verband met hul lewenservaringe te konstrueer. Data is ingesamel deur ses individuele onderhoude en „n fokus groep bespreking. Daarna is dit analiseer en interpreteer deur middel van diskoers analise. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat deelnemers ambivalente oortuigings betreffende geslag en geslagsrolle koester. Dit bevat vir hulle beide voordele en nadele. Hierdie ambivalensie kon opgetel word in die maniere waarop deelnemers ‟n diskoers van manlike voorreg beide ondersteun en uitgedaag het. Oortuiginge en aannames betreffende geslag is ook weerspiëel in die ontwerp en fasilitering van wildernis kampe, en in die maniere waarop die vroue wildernis konseptualiseer. Aan die een kant is wildernis gekonstrueer as ‟n plek waar daar aansienlik minder druk is om in te val by geslagsrolle, as wat daar in ‟n alledaagse, stedelike omgewing is. Hierdie indruk van wildernis skep die geleentheid om die wildernis te benut as ‟n plek waar geslagstereotipering uitgedaag kan word. ‟n Tweede opvatting van wildernis konstrueer dit egter as „n manlike gebied. Hierdie opvatting word beïnvloed deur die aanname dat tipies manlike eienskappe, soos die van onafhanklikheid, leierskap, risiko-onderneming en fisiese krag, benodig word om deel te neem aan buitelug aktiwiteite. Met hierdie opvatting word die wildernis ‟n plek waar geslagstereotipes versterk word. Hierdie opvatting word verder weerspieël in die maniere waarin aparte kampe vir meisies en seuns ontwerp is. Hierdie idee van wildernis, sowel as die bykomende gebruike wat dit versterk, beperk die moontlikhede wat die wildernis kan bied om geslagstereotipes uit te daag.
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Wilmot, Gregory Thomas Charlton. "Student-athletes' attitude formation towards sport or other Psychology services /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1569/.
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Wood, Chantelle. "Associative strength determines prejudice-linked differences in automatic stereotype activation." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0238.
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There is little consensus in the social-cognitive literature concerning the way in which prejudice and stereotyping are related, though a number of explanatory models have been proposed. The present research program empirically examines one recent model; Lepore and Brown's Associative Strength Model (ASM: 1997; 1999; 2002). The main premise of the ASM is that differential endorsement of stereotypic content leads to individual variation in the content that is automatically activated upon categorisation. Specifically, it predicts that high-prejudice people automatically activate negative stereotypic traits, and low-prejudice people automatically activate positive stereotypic traits. The current research used a primed lexical decision task to examine prejudicelinked differences in automatic stereotype activation. In addition, an impression formation task based on that of Lepore and Brown was included to measure stereotype application. Experiments 1A and 1B attempted to evaluate the predictions of the ASM using the category and stereotype of Asians. However, neither experiment was able to demonstrate a priming effect, prejudice-linked or otherwise, using this social category. Experiments 2 and 3, in contrast, successfully induced stereotype activation using the category of gay men. Furthermore, results were consistent with the predictions of the ASM. After priming with the category of gay men, high-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of negative stereotypic traits and low-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of positive stereotypic traits. However, parallel patterns of stereotype application were not found in the impression formation task, with participants forming positive impressions, regardless of prejudice. Experiment 4 used an honesty manipulation to investigate the possibility that self-presentational concerns were responsible for the discrepancies between stereotype activation and application. Consistent with this argument, Experiment 4 found prejudice-linked patterns of stereotype application that mirrored the patterns of stereotype activation when self-presentation concerns were reduced. When instructed to be honest, high-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed negative impressions and low-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed positive impressions. The current program of research provides the first direct empirical support for the predictions of the Associative Strength Model concerning stereotype activation. In addition, new questions have been raised that future research should seek to explore.
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Yeung, Nai Chi Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Stereotype threat behind the wheel." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26242.
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Stereotype threat refers to the pressure that individuals feel when they are at risk of confirming a demeaning stereotype about themselves. Research has found that stereotype threat impairs performance on cognitive-based tasks by inducing mental interference (e.g., Schmader & Johns, 2003). This thesis hypothesised that this finding would generalise to driving and that drivers who are better able to inhibit cognitive interference (i.e., with better inhibitory ability) would be less susceptible to the disruptive effect of stereotype threat than drivers who are less able (i.e., with poorer inhibitory ability). A series of three experiments conducted in a driving simulator tested the predictions using the gender stereotype of driving skills and investigated the interpretation of the results. The experiments revealed that stereotype threat exerted both a facilitative and debilitative influence on driving performance, as indicated by different performance measures. The facilitative effect diminished when drivers experienced increased mental demands or when they were assessed by an unexpected performance measure, while the debilitative effect was more likely observed among drivers who received negative feedback than drivers who received positive feedback. Moreover, the results supported the prediction that inhibitory ability would moderate the detrimental impact of stereotype threat as the performance of drivers with poorer inhibitory ability was impeded more than that of drivers with better inhibitory ability. Regarding the processes underlying the present findings, the experiments provided suggestive evidence that stereotype threat elicits cognitive interference and simultaneously motivates drivers to concentrate on particular performance areas in an attempt to refute the stereotype. In combination, these processes appear to be at least partly responsible for the performance deficits and boosts observed.
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Prado, Luis Antonio. "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.
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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.
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Shaffer, Renita Philley. "Stereotypes and Hiring Preferences Among Business Students as a Function of Psychologist's Attire." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500566/.
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To study what stereotypes exist regarding psychologists by the general public and determine whether and how this affects hiring preferences, 114 undergraduate business and non-business students at a large southwestern university were asked to participate. The Gough Adjective Check List was administered to determine what stereotypes are held by persons regarding psychologists. A study of visual perception/stereotype and hiring preference as a function of attire was also conducted. Three dress styles were used as stimuli. It was hypothesized that the groups would differ in their stereotypes of psychologists both cognitively and visually. There were no significant differences between the groups as a function of college major. However, a main effect for dress style was found. Possible explanations of findings are discussed.
Books on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects"
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T︠S︡aneva, Eli︠a︡. Disasters and cultural stereotypes. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.
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Martin, Lester Paul, and Ross Susan Dente, eds. Images that injure: Pictorial stereotypes in the media. 2nd ed. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2003.
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Cracking jokes: Studies of sick humor cycles & stereotypes. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press, 1987.
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Gottlieb, Nanette. Linguistic stereotyping and minority groups in Japan. London: Routledge, 2006.
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Linguistic stereotyping and minority groups in Japan. New York, NY: Routledge, 2005.
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Cyberbullies, cyberactivists, cyberpredators: Film, TV, and Internet stereotypes. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, 2016.
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Richard, King C. Animating difference: Race, gender, and sexuality in contemporary films for children. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010.
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1952-, Lewis Alan, ed. The economic mind: The social psychology of economic behavior. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
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Demoulin, Donald F. It's not what you see that counts ... it's what you don't see: A look at stereotypical events in the realm of education. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1991.
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The politics of madness. New York: P. Lang, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects"
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Bambeni, Ntobeko. "Social Ageing Challenges Faced by Older Adults Exposed to Conditions of Underdevelopment and Extreme Poverty." In Social Aspects of Ageing - Selected Challenges, Analyses, and Solutions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107116.
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Ageing is a crucial era at the last stage in the lifespan of human beings, particularly for those who survive and pass through other stages of the life cycle. There has been a considerable increase in the number of people who reach this stage and live longer across the globe. The rampant increase of this population group has yielded unprecedented challenges to the both the developed and underdeveloped world due to the psychological, health, economic and social needs of this population cohort. In most developing countries, these social challenges faced by older the older persons are to a certain extent mitigated by the cohesive structure within the community. However, the social, living arrangements from families and communities that are available to the older population are under threat due ongoing demise in the traditional forms of care is as a result of families having suffered from the impact of social change, including urbanisation, geographical spread, migration, the trend towards nuclear families, and participation of women in the workforce. Ageism as a concept is viewed as the theoretical, policy and practical underpinning for how ageism is perceived and dealt with. The negative stereotypes that often shape the theoretical framework with regard to ageism is the root cause of negative attributes associated with ageing. This chapter therefore, concludes with the key recommendation that governments from the developing economies should strive towards development of policies for the protection of advancement of the wellbeing of older population and make resources available for the implementation of the policies.
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Okasha, Nada. "Using Health Psychology to Inspire Entrepreneurial Innovation in Dubai." In Entrepreneurial Innovation and Economic Development in Dubai and Comparisons to Its Sister Cities, 198–222. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9377-5.ch010.
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Being an entrepreneur encompasses a number of traits. Used as an “umbrella term,” it constitutes self-motivation, leadership, resilience, proactivity, creativity, and a sense of light-hearted preparation to deal with potential failure in different aspects of the startup. These individual traits are prevalent in most people; however, it is the combination of them, alongside sound physical health and access to social resources that allows an entrepreneur to enjoy success in due time. Psychological theory and practice may inform techniques in developing and facilitating what it takes to succeed as an entrepreneur. Specifically, health psychology explains how individuals' unique biological, psychological, and social factors, as informed by biopsychosocial theory, together produce adaptive or maladaptive behaviors. To translate this for the context of entrepreneurship, only an individual, who is physiologically healthy or otherwise manages their physical condition well, might enjoy entrepreneurial success.
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Stan, Sabina Veronica. "Connections Between Knowledge and Practice in Educational Psychology." In Analyzing Paradigms Used in Education and Educational Psychology, 225–47. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1427-6.ch011.
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The issue of exercising parental roles in families with children with special needs is a study framework that requires customization of measurements and interventions related to types and degrees of deficiencies. From this perspective, there is a configuration of mediating and moderator factors. The transnational, socio-cultural, and socio-economic aspects cannot be ignored from the perspective of adequate assistance and orientation of the children through parents. Support strategies must be related to diagnosis and psycho-individual manifestations. Also, parental cognitive abilities, parental educational and social status, parental physical and mental health, perceived self-efficacy and parental satisfaction, coping strategies, and parental reported well-being are elements that influence the quality of parent-child interrelations.
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Smith, Brent. "Privileges and Problems of Female Sex Tourism." In Handbook of Research on Global Hospitality and Tourism Management, 382–405. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8606-9.ch020.
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This chapter provides an exploration of female sex tourism, or romance tourism, a global consumer phenomenon that has evolved over several decades. Amidst forward strides in their social and economic empowerment, many women in advanced countries still experience marginalizing constraints to their freedom, mobility, and expression in many aspects of life. Yet, scholarly research and anecdotal evidence suggest that some women have utilized sex tourism as a means to escape such domestic constraints and find entrée to myriad social and cultural privileges at certain destinations abroad. Moving beyond tenured, clichéd stereotypes that typically associate sex tourism with male consumers, this chapter brings to light the rationale, justifications, criticisms, and cultural issues pervading this institution. Despite its liberating potential for women, female sex tourism does, at least somewhat, rely upon and reinforce historically entrenched national and cultural demarcations that tend to marginalize the people (partners, families, communities) of targeted destinations in the developing world.
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Cai, Huajian, Zihang Huang, and Yiming Jing. "Living in a Changing World." In The Handbook of Culture and Psychology, 786–818. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0023.
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Abstract: Over recent decades, massive socioeconomic development and accelerated globalization have led to substantial changes in human culture and psychology. In this chapter, the authors identify a general trend of human cultural change around the globe: individualism has been increasing whereas collectivism has been decreasing. This trend is manifested in diverse social indicators, cultural products, daily practices, and various domains of psychology including cognition, personality, attitudes and values, and human development. Cultural change, however, is not linear. Economic depression as well as other external forces such as disaster and pandemic may interfere with it; some aspects of cultural heritage may also endure over the course of modernization, and multicultural societies are burgeoning around the world. Our review highlights that culture is not a static construct but a dynamic process. Future studies may extend the content and scope of our current research, explore processes and mechanisms underlying cultural change, and examine how individuals, organizations, and governments cope with this change.
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Chitadze, Nika. "Problems of Terrorism in the Modern World." In Global Perspectives on the Psychology of Terrorism, 15–36. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5311-7.ch002.
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Currently, the study of the topic of terrorism is especially relevant in connection with the increase in the number of terrorist attacks committed by various terrorist organizations around the world. The constant threat of terror leads to the destabilization of the political, economic, and social situation in the state. Lack of confidence in personal safety contributes to the growth of anxiety, fears, and mental stress, which negatively affects psychological health, leading to the development of various psychosomatic disorders among the population. The genesis of the concept of “terrorism,” the history of terrorism, the psychology of the personality of terrorists and terrorist groups, the victimology of terrorism, methods of providing psychological first aid in terrorist attacks, methods of negotiating with terrorists, technologies for forming a model of safe behavior are the main issues during the study of the basic aspects related to terrorism.
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Patricia, Schulz, Halperin-Kaddari Ruth, Rudolf Beate, and Freeman Marsha A. "Article 4." In The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and its Optional Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192862815.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses Article 4 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Article 4, in both its paragraphs, introduces the concept of special measures into the Convention: the first paragraph deals with temporary special measures (TSMs) to accelerate de facto or substantive equality for women and the second concerns special measures to protect maternity, which are not of a temporary nature. The measures under Article 4(1) are TSMs of compensation for, correction of and intervention into gender hierarchies that are supported by gender stereotypes and gender-segregated distribution of power and resources. Article 4(2) focuses on the issue of maternity, legitimizing protective measures for special needs that are linked to biological as well as social aspects of maternity. Thus, it can contribute to integrating maternity into public and working life, dismantle the gendered public–private divide, and support the (economic) recognition and compensation of mostly unpaid care work. Although ‘special measures’ may differ considerably in context, concept, and design, they serve the same purpose: equality for women, including formal, substantive, and transformative equality.
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Slatvinskaia, Valeriia, and Nikolai Vasilenko. "RISK FACTORS ON WATER TRANSPORT." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-34.
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The subject of the study is transportation by waterways, in particular, the activity of sea and river transport in conditions of occurrence of unfavorable conditions, the interaction of the ship's crew and the behavior of ship personnel when making decisions on water transport, manifestations of risky events and negative consequences on waterways, decision-making by the boat master in stressful, force majeure, regular and emergency situations. Methodology. The activity of water transport is inherently a complex system. At the same time, it is even more complex than the organization of IT technologies. Given this, the methodology for studying water transport risk factors is comprehensive. Among the constituent elements, we note: An interdisciplinary approach using the methods of risk theory, Probability Theory, risk management theory, transport law theory, IT law theory, psychology, etc. The aim of the study is to find out the risk factors inherent in the water transport industry. Risks in water transport are difficult to predict since foresight is not always an objective category. The objective side of risk in this case is manifested in the fact that it reflects real-life phenomena, processes, and aspects of life. The objective side of risk is since the risk exists regardless of how it is realized, considered, or ignored. The objective side is determined by the probabilistic nature of many processes, and the multivariance of relations. In addition, the risk remains associated with the choice of certain alternatives, calculating the probabilities of their outcome. So, from this understanding it follows that its nature is broader and is associated with the laws of development of the external and internal environment of the organization, as well as with the presence of contradictory trends, imperfection, spontaneity and randomness of events and phenomena. This means that there is and manifests another side of risk – the subjective one. It is obvious because people perceive the same state of risk differently due to different psychological, moral, ideological, religious principles and attitudes. Here, the manifestation of the subjective side is also not in doubt. At the same time, the operation of water transport in a modern economic format requires anticipating and preventing crisis phenomena, reducing the negative consequences of internal and external factors. For an objective assessment of the risks of water transport activities, it makes it necessary to choose effective methods of managing them and requires an adequate scientifically based classification of risks, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of water transport enterprises. The scientific novelty is as follows: for the first time, risk factors in water transport are analyzed; for the first time, it is proposed to consider the behavior and necessary competencies of a ship operator when operating a ship in an emergency situation from the point of view of social engineering; the previously proposed indicative risk factors associated with maritime navigation are supplemented; it is proved that the risks that arise during navigation are fundamentally related to unfavorable living conditions (functioning of the team organization under the sole chairmanship of the captain, as well as his ability and the ability of ship officers to make the right decisions not only in regular situations but also in force majeure conditions (emergency situations). Risks in navigation in emergency situations are caused by dangerous phenomena (force majeure) in the natural, man-made and social environment caused by negative trends in the development of events that lead to dangerous crisis situations when it becomes necessary to take the right actions to overcome the danger.
Conference papers on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology) – Economic aspects"
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Barabashchuk, Hanna, Mariana Dushkevych, and Natalia Hutsuliak. "Psychological Features of the Tolerance of Future Specialists in Socionomic Professions." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/04.
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It is a set on the basis of theoretical researchers, that the modern specialist of the sphere of «Man-Man», except the certain volume of professional abilities and knowledge, must own personality-mature qualities: to show readiness for self-development and self-perfection; make a decision on their own; have their own system of values and be able to correlate their own vital persuasions with the senses and stereotypes of society. For this reason, development of their tolerance as a constituent of professionalism is important in the professional preparation of specialists of socio-economic professions. Tolerance is not just a tolerance for others' thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, it is a purposeful effort on the part of the individual to create an information space that promotes harmony, interpersonal cooperation, emotional tact and respect. The empirical study involved 40 second-year students, including psychology students and foreign language teachers. The psychodiagnostic complex of methods presented in the article made it possible to obtain reliable research results. A comparative analysis of respondents' indicators showed that «tolerance» as a personal quality is significant for both groups. It is stated that psychology students are more tolerant of representatives of different social strata, while foreign language students are tolerant of ethnic minorities. The study found that future psychologists seeking to assert their beliefs and considerations, if the situation becomes conflictual, can be harsh. Future teachers are more critical of themselves and their opinions, showing tact and understanding to manifest «paradoxical» actions, even if they do not agree with them. The overall tolerance index of the two groups under study indicates that their behaviour and attitudes towards the world, people and events will depend on the particular social situation they are currently in.