Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stereotypes (Social psychology)

Academic literature on the topic 'Stereotypes (Social psychology)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Rivers, Andrew M., Jeffrey W. Sherman, Heather R. Rees, Regina Reichardt, and Karl C. Klauer. "On the Roles of Stereotype Activation and Application in Diminishing Implicit Bias." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219853842.

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Stereotypes can influence social perception in undesirable ways. However, activated stereotypes are not always applied in judgments. The present research investigated how stereotype activation and application processes impact social judgments as a function of available resources for control over stereotypes. Specifically, we varied the time available to intervene in the stereotyping process and used multinomial modeling to independently estimate stereotype activation and application. As expected, social judgments were less stereotypic when participants had more time to intervene. In terms of mechanisms, stereotype application, and not stereotype activation, corresponded with reductions in stereotypic biases. With increasing time, stereotype application was reduced, reflecting the fact that controlling application is time-dependent. In contrast, stereotype activation increased with increasing time, apparently due to increased engagement with stereotypic material. Stereotype activation was highest when judgments were least stereotypical, and thus, reduced stereotyping may coincide with increased stereotype activation if stereotype application is simultaneously decreased.
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Rubinstein, Rachel S., Lee Jussim, Bryan Loh, and Megan Buraus. "A Theory of Reliance on Individuating Information and Stereotypes in Implicit Judgments of Individuals and Social Groups." Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5118325.

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We propose a theory of (a) reliance on stereotypes and individuating information in implicit person perception and (b) the relationship between individuation in implicit person perception and shifts in implicit group stereotypes. The present research preliminarily tested this theory by assessing whether individuating information or stereotypes take primacy in implicit judgments of individuals under circumstances specified by our model and then testing the malleability of implicit group stereotypes in the presence of the same (or additional) counterstereotypic individuating information. Studies 1 and 2 conceptually replicated previous research by examining the effects of stereotype-inconsistent and stereotype-consistent individuating information on implicit stereotype-relevant judgments of individuals. Both studies showed that stereotypic implicit judgments of individuals made in the absence of individuating information were reversed when the individuals were portrayed as stereotype-inconsistent and were strengthened when targets were portrayed as stereotype-consistent (though in Study 2 this strengthening was descriptive rather than inferential). Studies 3 and 4 examined whether the strong effects of individuating information found in studies 1 and 2 extended to the social groups to which the individuals belonged. Even in the presence of up to eight counterstereotypic exemplars, there was no evidence of significant shifts in group stereotypes. Thus, the data showed that the shifts in implicit judgments that were caused by individuating information did not generalize to stereotypes of the social groups to which the individuals belong. Finally, we propose modifications to our theory that include potential reasons for this lack of generalization that we invite future research to explore.
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Crandall, Christian S., Angela J. Bahns, Ruth Warner, and Mark Schaller. "Stereotypes as Justifications of Prejudice." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 11 (June 9, 2011): 1488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211411723.

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Three experiments investigate how stereotypes form as justifications for prejudice. The authors created novel content-free prejudices toward unfamiliar social groups using either subliminal (Experiment 1, N = 79) or supraliminal (Experiment 2, N = 105; Experiment 3, N = 130) affective conditioning and measured the consequent endorsement of stereotypes about the groups. Following the stereotype content model, analyses focused on the extent to which stereotypes connoted warmth or competence. Results from all three experiments revealed effects on the warmth dimension but not on the competence dimension: Groups associated with negative affect were stereotyped as comparatively cold (but not comparatively incompetent). These results provide the first evidence that—in the absence of information, interaction, or history of behavioral discrimination—stereotypes develop to justify prejudice.
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Hanges, Paul J., and Jonathan C. Ziegert. "Stereotypes About Stereotype Research." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 4 (December 2008): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00083.x.

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Loughnan, Steve, Nick Haslam, Robbie M. Sutton, and Bettina Spencer. "Dehumanization and Social Class." Social Psychology 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000159.

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Three studies examined whether animality is a component of low-SES stereotypes. In Study 1a–c, the content of “white trash” (USA), “chav” (UK), and “bogan” (Australia) stereotypes was found to be highly consistent, and in every culture it correlated positively with the stereotype content of apes. In Studies 2a and 2b, a within-subjects approach replicated this effect and revealed that it did not rely on derogatory labels or was reducible to ingroup favoritism or system justification concerns. In Study 3, the “bogan” stereotype was associated with ape, rat, and dog stereotypes independently of established stereotype content dimensions (warmth, competence, and morality). By implication, stereotypes of low-SES people picture them as primitive, bestial, and incompletely human.
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Taylor, Jackie. "Women's Leisure Activities, Their Social Stereotypes and Some Implications for Identity." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66, no. 4 (April 2003): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260306600404.

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An understanding of leisure as an area of occupational performance that can contribute to the individual's personal and social development is important to the occupational therapist. The knowledge bases from other disciplines, such as sociology and psychology, have much to offer in developing this understanding. Social identity and stereotype theories and symbolic interactionism suggest that leisure stereotypes may exist and could have an impact on identity. In order to test this concept, 12 leisure activities were used as a means to assess whether leisure stereotypes exist for women. Stereotypes consisting of between 4 and 11 words were obtained using the checklist method, with 40 participants contributing to each stereotype (120 participants contributed in total). The stereotypes were found to include characteristics that were both positively and negatively valued and, consequently, they had a range of favourableness ratings. All but one, golf, were positively evaluated images. The implications of these results are discussed, in the context of relevant theories from sociology, psychology and feminist literature.
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Rees, Heather Rose, Andrew Michael Rivers, and Jeffrey W. Sherman. "Implementation Intentions Reduce Implicit Stereotype Activation and Application." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218775695.

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Research has found that implementation intentions, if–then action plans (e.g., “if I see a Black face, I will think safe”), reduce stereotyping on implicit measures. However, it is unknown by what process(es) implementation intentions reduce implicit stereotyping. The present research examines the effects of implementation intentions on stereotype activation (e.g., extent to which stereotypic information is accessible) and stereotype application (e.g., extent to which accessible stereotypes are applied in judgment). In addition, we assessed the efficiency of implementation intentions by manipulating cognitive resources (e.g., digit-span, restricted response window) while participants made judgments on an implicit stereotyping measure. Across four studies, implementation intentions reduced implicit stereotyping. This decrease in stereotyping was associated with reductions in both stereotype activation and application. In addition, these effects of implementation intentions were highly efficient and associated with reduced stereotyping even for groups for which people may have little practice inhibiting stereotypes (e.g., gender).
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Monteith, Margo J., Jeffrey W. Sherman, and Patricia G. Devine. "Suppression as a Stereotype Control Strategy." Personality and Social Psychology Review 2, no. 1 (February 1998): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_4.

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Recent research reveals that efforts to suppress stereotypic thoughts can backfire and produce a rebound effect, such that stereotypic thinking increases to a level that is even greater than if no attempt at stereotype control was initially exercised (e.g., Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). The primary goal of this article is to present an in-depth theoretical analysis of stereotype suppression that identifies numerous potential moderators of the effect of stereotype suppression on the likelihood of subsequent rebound. Our analysis of stereotype suppression focuses on two broad issues: the influence of level of prejudice and the influence of processing goals on the activation versus application of stereotypes. Although stereotype rebound occurs under some circumstances, we suggest that a complete understanding of this phenomenon requires consideration of the full array of possible moderating influences.
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Hřebíčková, Martina, René Mõttus, Sylvie Graf, Martin Jelínek, and Anu Realo. "How Accurate Are National Stereotypes? A Test of Different Methodological Approaches." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 2 (March 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2146.

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We compared different methodological approaches in research on the accuracy of national stereotypes that use aggregated mean scores of real people's personality traits as criteria for stereotype accuracy. Our sample comprised 16,713 participants from the Central Europe and 1,090 participants from the Baltic Sea region. Participants rated national stereotypes of their own country using the National Character Survey (NCS) and their personality traits using either the Revised NEO Personality Inventory or the NCS. We examined the effects of different (i) methods for rating of real people (Revised NEO Personality Inventory vs. NCS) and national stereotypes (NCS); (ii) norms for converting raw scores into T–scores (Russian vs. international norms); and (iii) correlation techniques (intraclass correlations vs. Pearson correlations vs. rank–order correlations) on the resulting agreement between the ratings of national stereotypes and real people. We showed that the accuracy of national stereotypes depended on the employed methodology. The accuracy was the highest when ratings of real people and national stereotypes were made using the same method and when rank order correlations were used to estimate the agreement between national stereotypes and personality profiles of real people. We propose a new statistical procedure for determining national stereotype accuracy that overcomes limitations of past studies. We provide methodological recommendations applicable to a wider range of cross national stereotype accuracy studies. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Eagly, Alice H., and Anne M. Koenig. "The Vicious Cycle Linking Stereotypes and Social Roles." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 4 (July 14, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214211013775.

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Members of social categories defined by attributes such as sex, race, and age occupy certain types of social roles much more than members of other social categories do. The qualities that define these roles become associated with the category as a whole, thus forming a stereotype. In a vicious cycle, this stereotype then hinders category members’ movement into roles with different demands because their stereotype portrays them as well matched to their existing roles but not to these new roles. This vicious cycle has important implications for stereotype change. Given the difficulties of producing enduring change by directly attacking stereotypes in the minds of individuals, a more effective strategy consists of policies and programs that change the distributions of category members in roles, thereby changing stereotypes at their source. If the vicious cycle is not interrupted by such social change, observations of category members’ typical social roles continually reinstate existing stereotypes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Henwood, K. L. "The social psychology of stereotypes : a critical assessment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376484.

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Macrae, Colin Neil. "The effects of stereotypes on social judgements." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU027084.

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Research and theorising in the social cognition tradition typically equates stereotypes with cognitive schemata and researchers investigate the extent of schematic effects on social information processing. Within this cognitive perspective, however, the present thesis identified several unresolved issues in the existing stereotype literature. On the basis of these limitations, the present thesis addressed three main empirical issues: (1) stereotypical effects on causal attribution; (2) stereotypical effects on social memory; and (3) stereotypical effects on information processing. Chapters 4 and 5 established the effects of stereotypes on judical decision processes and provided an impetus for the subsequent experimentation. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 investigated the effects of stereotypes on causal attribution and social memory. It was established that stereotype-confirming behaviours are attributed less to external factors than are stereotype-disconfirming behaviours. Also, subjects showed a preferential recall for stereotype-confirming rather than disconfirming information. Chapter 9 investigated the effects of stereotype activation on the speed with which subjects can make a range of attributional inferences. It was demonstrated that when a consistent stereotype is activated subjects have instant access to causal information from which inferences of personal causation can be rapidly computed. Chapter 10 investigated two process models of stereotype use in judgemental tasks. While stereotypical judgemental biases were obtained, the results supported neither of the proposed process models. Consequently, the results were recast into a new theoretical framework implicating both cognitive and motivational factors as determinants of stereotypic biases on judgement and recall. Chapter 11 considered the wider implications of the findings obtained in the present thesis and two process models of stereotype use were presented. The first outlined the effects of stereotypes on judgements of personal causation, and the second the effects of stereotypes on the relationship between judgement and recall in social information processing.
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Pinel, Elizabeth Claudine. "Stigma-consciousness : the psychological legacy of social stereotypes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Zyzniewski, Linda Elaine. "The Influence of Nouns on Stereotypes." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626078.

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Hall, Leslie. "Facebook and Stereotypes: How Facebook Users Process Stereotype-Consistent and Stereotype-Inconsistent Information with Varying Cognitive Loads." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/668.

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This study builds on previous research analyzing the effects of cognitive busyness on recall of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information by examining the real-world context of Facebook profiles. College students (N = 160) were randomly assigned to either a cognitively busy or unbusy condition. They then looked at either the profile of an African-American male or female target. After, they were given a recall test to assess the number of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent descriptors correctly recalled. Results were expected to show that participants recalled more stereotype-consistent information when cognitively busy, even more so for male targets. Conversely, participants were expected to recall more stereotype-inconsistent information when cognitively unbusy, even more so for male targets. Neither cognitive busyness nor the interaction between cognitive busyness and target gender affected the type of information participants recalled. Both results were inconsistent with previous research. Future research should find ways to strengthen the construct validity of measures as they operate in real-world contexts such as Facebook.
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Kuchynka, Sophie. "System Threats and Gender Differences in Sexism and Gender Stereotypes." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597535.

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In the United States, women’s persistent gains in structural power may cause backlash among those motivated to preserve the status quo. The proposed study examines the conditions that prompt men and women to endorse sexism and promote gender stereotypes. System justification theory proposes that people are motivated to justify the socio-political system that governs them and threats to the stability of their system can increase individual’s motivated defenses. I expect men to show the strongest motivated defenses when the hierarchy is threatened or viewed as unstable, because to protect group-based interests men will reinforce the legitimacy of the system through stronger endorsement of system defenses. In contrast, women will show the strongest system defenses when the hierarchy is viewed as stable, to avoid feeling trapped in an unchanging system that oppresses them. To test these ideas, 430 men and women were exposed to a gender status hierarchy that was portrayed as stable or unstable and then they responded to several measures of sexism and gender stereotypes. Support for the hypothesis was only found on one measure of gender stereotypes. Men reported more system justifying stereotypes of traditional women in the unstable condition, while women showed the opposite pattern. Exploratory results demonstrate that men’s and women’s reports of agentic stereotypes for traditional and nontraditional women depended on whether they were exposed to a stable or unstable gender hierarchy. Future directions and limitations are discussed in consideration of these exploratory findings.

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Wade, Martha Leslie. "Behavioral assimilation and nested social categories exploring gender stereotype priming and stereotype threat /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181243878.

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Klein, Olivier. "Contribution à une approche pragmatique de l'expression des stéréotypes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211847.

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Lindburg, Emily R. "Feminist Stereotypes: Communal vs. Agentic." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/398.

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This study examined relationships between facial appearance, gender-linked traits, and feminist stereotypes. Naïve college students rated traits based on facial appearance of female CEO's whose companies appeared in the Forbes 1000 list. The photos of each female CEO (n=35) were randomly combined with two descriptive identifiers; an occupation (n=9) and an interest area (n=9), including 'feminist'. Participants then rated the head shots of the CEO's on a 7 point Likert scale of communal (expected feminine) traits like attractiveness, warmth, compassion and cooperativeness, and on agentic (expected masculine) traits like ambition, leadership ability and intelligence. If college students hold negative stereotypes of feminists, feminist identified women are expected to be rated lower on levels of attractiveness, warmth, compassion and cooperativeness, but higher in leadership ability, ambition, and intelligence. Results demonstrated that participants did not hold negative stereotypes of feminists as they rated them similarly to environmentalists, progressives, and liberals. Results demonstrated that participants held negative stereotypes about conservatives and republicans.
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French, Rebecca E. "Interactive Influences of Narcissism and Gender Stereotypes on Insecure Attachment." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10813990.

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Narcissism is a well-known psychological construct that bears implications for personality, development, adjustment, and relationships. Insecure attachment is also a part of well-developed psychoanalytic theory in psychology. Much research has been conducted on the two constructs, but little has been empirically discovered about how the two relate to each other, particularly for the developing age group of early adolescence. Morf and Rhodewalt [Psychological Inquiry, 12, 4, (2001)] propose that narcissism and insecure attachment are associated, and that whereas narcissistic boys are more likely to report an avoidant attachment, narcissistic girls are more likely to report an anxious attachment. Further, the associations between narcissism and insecure attachment may hinge on the degree to which individuals have internalized prevailing gender stereotypes regarding attachment styles (i.e., that an avoidant style is normative for boys and that an anxious style is normative for girls). A sample of early adolescents (N = 159, 77 boys, 82 girls, Mean age = 12.05 years) responded to measures of narcissism, own-gender stereotypes in attachment styles, and insecure relationship styles to a close friend. Results from hierarchical regression analyses countered what was hypothesized, finding that narcissism negatively predicated the avoidant style, and that gender did not moderate this relationship. Further, results indicated that for the anxious style, narcissistic children who endorsed having an own-gender stereotype of the anxious style were less likely to endorse having an anxious style. Results suggest that there may be something unique about attachment to a close friend and narcissism in early adolescence that warrants further investigation.

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Books on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Simon, Eleanor L. Psychology of stereotypes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Leyens, Jacques Philippe. Stereotypes and social cognition. London: Sage Publications, 1994.

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Daniel, Bar-Tal, ed. Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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S, Wyer Robert, ed. Ster eotype activation and inhibition. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998.

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Yueh-Ting, Lee, Jussim Lee J, McCauley Clark R, and Stereotype Accuracy Conference (Bryn Mawr College), eds. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1995.

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Margot, Heinemann, ed. Sprachliche und soziale Stereotype. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.

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Russell, Spears, ed. The social psychology of stereotyping and group life. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1997.

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Jerzy, Jarco, and Dolińska Grażyna, eds. Polskie stereotypy i uprzedzenia. Wrocław: Edukacja, Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania we Wrocławiu, 2002.

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Benedyktowicz, Zbigniew. Portrety "obcego": Od stereotypu do symbolu. Kraków: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2000.

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Brashears, Deya. Challenging biases-- facing our fears: Beyond race and culture. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Kite, Mary E., Bernard E. Whitley, and Lisa S. Wagner. "Social Categorization and Stereotypes." In Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination, 97–142. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367809218-3.

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Cohrs, J. Christopher, and Thomas Kessler. "Negative Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination." In Social Psychology of Social Problems, 3–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27222-5_1.

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Hutchison, Jacqui, and Douglas Martin. "The Evolution of Stereotypes." In Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology, 291–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12697-5_23.

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Fiske, Susan T., and Federica Durante. "Mutual Status Stereotypes Maintain Inequality." In The Social Psychology of Inequality, 335–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28856-3_21.

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Korstanje, Maximiliano E. "Tourism, Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Personal Contact." In Routledge Handbook of Social Psychology of Tourism, 45–54. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003161868-4.

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Marques, Leonel Garcia, and José Manuel Palma Oliveira. "National Identities and Levels of Categorization: Self-Stereotypes, Attitudes and Perception of Other Nationalities." In Environmental Social Psychology, 312–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_27.

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Pant, Daya. "Gender-Role Socialization, Stereotypes, Government Policies and Development." In Psychology, Development and Social Policy in India, 285–96. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1003-0_14.

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Seguino, Stephanie. "Insights from Social Psychology: Racial Norms, Stereotypes, and Discrimination." In Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4016-9_47-1.

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Seguino, Stephanie. "Insights from Social Psychology: Racial Norms, Stereotypes, and Discrimination." In Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 285–97. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4166-5_47.

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Stroebe, Wolfgang, Andrea Lenkert, and Klaus Jonas. "Familiarity May Breed Contempt: The Impact of Student Exchange on National Stereotypes and Attitudes." In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Conflict, 167–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52124-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Crafa, Daina, and Saskia Nagel. "Representing Human Cultural and Biological Diversity in Neuropsychiatry: Why and How." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/qxuw6466.

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Over the past decade, findings from cultural neuroscience have demonstrated that functional neural processes vary significantly across populations. These findings add a new dimension to the well-established literature describing cultural differences in human behavior. Although these findings are informative for understanding complex relationships between social and neurobiological processes, they also have significant implications for psychiatric research. Neuropsychiatry already co-considers the relationship between brain and social world; however, its research findings notoriously underrepresent diverse cultural, ethnic, and gender groups. Considering that psychiatric patients across cultures exhibit different behavioral presentations and symptom distributions, they may exhibit equally different functional neural processes as well. Increasing representation of diverse patient groups in neuropsychiatric research would allow potential differences to be investigated and understood. Although cross-cultural comparisons may be the most direct means of accomplishing this goal, such studies must be carefully constructed to avoid reinforcing stigmas or stereotypes when working with sensitive patient populations. For example, hypotheses and inclusion criteria must avoid reliance on stereotypes or conflation of geographic boundaries with cultural boundaries. These pitfalls point to deeper problems with current approaches to culture-brain research, which lack operational definitions of ‘culture’ more generally. After outlining these issues, solutions to these methodological problems will be presented and an operational definition of culture for neuropsychiatry will be proposed.
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Barabashchuk, Hanna, Mariana Dushkevych, and Natalia Hutsuliak. "Psychological Features of the Tolerance of Future Specialists in Socionomic Professions." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/04.

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It is a set on the basis of theoretical researchers, that the modern specialist of the sphere of «Man-Man», except the certain volume of professional abilities and knowledge, must own personality-mature qualities: to show readiness for self-development and self-perfection; make a decision on their own; have their own system of values and be able to correlate their own vital persuasions with the senses and stereotypes of society. For this reason, development of their tolerance as a constituent of professionalism is important in the professional preparation of specialists of socio-economic professions. Tolerance is not just a tolerance for others' thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, it is a purposeful effort on the part of the individual to create an information space that promotes harmony, interpersonal cooperation, emotional tact and respect. The empirical study involved 40 second-year students, including psychology students and foreign language teachers. The psychodiagnostic complex of methods presented in the article made it possible to obtain reliable research results. A comparative analysis of respondents' indicators showed that «tolerance» as a personal quality is significant for both groups. It is stated that psychology students are more tolerant of representatives of different social strata, while foreign language students are tolerant of ethnic minorities. The study found that future psychologists seeking to assert their beliefs and considerations, if the situation becomes conflictual, can be harsh. Future teachers are more critical of themselves and their opinions, showing tact and understanding to manifest «paradoxical» actions, even if they do not agree with them. The overall tolerance index of the two groups under study indicates that their behaviour and attitudes towards the world, people and events will depend on the particular social situation they are currently in.
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Reports on the topic "Stereotypes (Social psychology)"

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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.

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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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