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Journal articles on the topic 'Stereoscopic photography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Šejbl, Jan. "Čína ve třech rozměrech. Nejstarší fotografie z Číny ve sbírce stereoskopů Náprstkova muzea v Praze." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 60, no. 1 (2022): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/mmvp.2022.003.

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The study deals with the representation of photographs from China in the Náprstek Museum’s stereoscope collection. A brief summary of the historical development of the Náprstek Museum’s photographic collections and the phenomenon of stereoscopic photography in the 19th century is followed by the results of a survey itself. The images were categorised by an authorship and analysed both technically and thematically. It turned out that the stereoscope collection contains the oldest photographs of China, which can be dated to the turn of the 1850’s and 1860’s.

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Klahr, Douglas M. "Stereoscopic Architectural Photography and Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology." ZARCH, no. 9 (December 4, 2017): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201792269.

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Stereoscopic photography utilizes dual camera lenses that are placed at approximately the interocular distance of human beings in order to replicate the slight difference between what each eye sees and therefore the effect of parallax. The pair of images that results is then viewed through a stereoscope. By adjusting the device, the user eventually sees the two photographs merge into a single one that has receding planes of depth, often producing a vivid illusion of intense depth. Stereoscopy was used by photographers throughout the second half of the Nineteenth Century to document every building that was deemed to be culturally significant by the European and American photographers who pioneered the medium, starting with its introduction to the general public at the Crystal Palace in London in 1851. By the early 1900s, consumers in Europe and America could purchase from major firms stereoscopic libraries of buildings from around the world. Stereoscopic photography brought together the emotional, technical and informed acts of looking, especially with regard to architecture. In this essay, the focus in upon the first of those acts, wherein the phenomenal and spatial dimensions of viewing are examined. Images of architecture are used to argue that the medium not only was a manifestation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception, but also validated the philosophy. After an analysis of how stereoscopic photography and Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy intersect, seven stereographs of architectural and urban subjects are discussed as examples, with the spatial boundaries of architecture and cities argued as especially adept in highlighting connections between the medium and the philosophy. In particular, the notion of Fundierung relationships, the heart of Merleau-Ponty phenomenology, is shown to closely align with the stereoscopic viewing experience describing layers of dependency.

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Wade, Nicholas J. "On Stereoscopic Art." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (May 2021): 204166952110071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211007146.

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Pictorial art is typically viewed with two eyes, but it is not binocular in the sense that it requires two eyes to appreciate the art. Two-dimensional representational art works allude to depth that they do not contain, and a variety of stratagems is enlisted to convey the impression that surfaces on the picture plane are at different distances from the viewer. With the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in the 1830s, it was possible to produce two pictures with defined horizontal disparities between them to create a novel impression of depth. Stereoscopy and photography were made public at about the same time and their marriage was soon cemented; most stereoscopic art is now photographic. Wheatstone sought to examine stereoscopic depth without monocular pictorial cues. He was unable to do this, but it was achieved a century later by Julesz with random-dot stereograms The early history of non-photographic stereoscopic art is described as well as reference to some contemporary works. Novel stereograms employing a wider variety of carrier patterns than random dots are presented as anaglyphs; they show modulations of pictorial surface depths as well as inclusions within a binocular picture.

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Pavlov, V. I. "Aerial photography of the water area." Geodesy and Cartography 956, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-956-2-18-24.

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During the development of water resources the characteristics of excitement, direction, and flow velocity, depth, points of bottom, temperature and chemical composition of water is to be taken into account. Some of these indicators are determined through the results of measuring single aerial photographs and their stereoscopic pairs. Making aerial photography (APS) of water surface on technology for topographic land survey enables obtaining only single overlapping aerial photographs, as the water surface is in constant motion. Stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs can be obtained if photographing is performed simultaneously by two aerial cameras (AFA) with close elements of internal orientation. The author considers two technological schemes of using two AFA in aerial photography of water space

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Sommer, Bjorn. "Hybrid Stereoscopic Photography - Analogue Stereo Photography meets the Digital Age with the StereoCompass app." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 58–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.2.sda-058.

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Stereoscopic photography has a long history which started just a few years after the first known photo was taken: 1849 Sir David Brewster introduced the first binocular camera. Whereas mobile photography is omnipresent because of the wide distribution of smart phones, stereoscopic photography is only used by a very small set of enthusiasts or professional (stereo) photographers. One important aspect of professional stereoscopic photography is that the required technology is usually quite expensive. Here, we present an alternative approach, uniting easily affordable vintage analogue SLR cameras with smart phone technology to measure and predict the stereo base/camera separation as well as the focal distance to zero parallax. For this purpose, the StereoCompass app was developed which is utilizing a number of smart phone sensors, combined with a Google Maps-based distance measurement. Three application cases including red/cyan anaglyph stereo photographs are shown. More information and the app can be found at: <uri>http://stereocompass.i2d.uk</uri>

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Hoffman, Jesse. "ARTHUR HALLAM’S SPIRIT PHOTOGRAPH AND TENNYSON’S ELEGIAC TRACE." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 4 (September 19, 2014): 611–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000229.

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Blanche Warre Cornish's 1921–22tripartite memoir, “Memories of Tennyson,” begins in 1869 when she meets the poet by way of her parents’ friendship with Tennyson's neighbor, the photographer Julia Margaret Cameron (145) (Figure 1). The photograph that Cornish recalls as “psychophotography” is one instance of a trend in Victorian England of spirit photography that was first practiced around 1872 after it was imported from America, where William Mumler had developed it (Tucker 68; Doyle 2: 128). Reactions to these spirit photographs took various forms: while some viewers regarded them as a credible medium for communication with the dead, their detractors saw them as deliberate acts of deception. Others employed photography's spectral qualities for entertainment, such as the London Stereoscopic Company that had marketed photographs of angels, fairies, and ghosts for their customers’ amusement in the 1860s (Chéroux 45–53). By the time the “shadowy figure of a man” appears beside Arthur Hallam's erstwhile fiancé, Mrs. Jesse, Tennyson's sister, the practice had been subject to public intrigue and scandal as a part of broader and contentious Victorian debates about the status of photography as art or document. The already surreal qualities of Cornish's anecdote are amplified by Tennyson's question, “Is that Arthur?,” which entertains the possibility of Hallam being present in a visible, spectral form while unrecognized by his beloved friend.

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Häsler, Leonie. "Stereo Imaging In Fashion Photography." Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31165/nk.2018.111.528.

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Fashion photographs are generally two-dimensional images showing one side of a three-dimensional model. This paper, however, deals with far less well-known stereoscopic fashion photographs. Stereoscopy is a technique that creates the illusion of a 3-D image. Based on the image collection of Swiss textile and clothes company HANRO, the article analyzes the composition of 3-D pictures by putting them in a broader media-historical context. The archived stereoscopic photographs date back to the 1950s and show a series of women’s fashion. In the same period, Hollywood experienced a 3-D-boom that may have had a technical and aesthetical impact on these photographs. Although fashion is not mediated in moving images in this case study, codes or formal languages of a film are inscribed in the images, as will be shown in the following text. Building on these findings, this paper further discusses the influence of cinematography and other media practices on the fashion industry’s attempt to free its fashion imagery from the confines of a two-dimensional page.

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Kyram, Dan. "Early stereoscopic photography in Palestine." History of Photography 19, no. 3 (September 1995): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1995.10443560.

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Nicholson, Paul T. "Three-dimensional imaging in archaeology: its history and future." Antiquity 75, no. 288 (June 2001): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061056.

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Whilst digital cameras and computer graphics are starting to be used in archaeological recording, stereoscopic photography tends to be overlooked. This technique has been used successfully in three recent projects and could be beneficial as a means of 3D photographic recording.

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10

Sturm, Robert. "Stereoscopic Photography in Transmitted Light Microscopy." Microscopy Today 25, no. 4 (July 2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929517000621.

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Taipina, Daniel, and Jorge C. S. Cardoso. "Spectare: Re-Designing a Stereoscope for a Cultural Heritage XR Experience." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040620.

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Stereoscopic photography was one of the main forms of visual communication in the second half of the 19th century. The experience of viewing stereoscopic photographs using stereoscopes is described as evoking memories of the past, feelings of presence in the depicted scenes, but also fun and magical experiences. The fact that using these devices generates these impactful experiences is relevant for Cultural Heritage (CH) where we want visitors to have memorable experiences. Since classic stereoscopes are similar to contemporary smartphone-based Virtual Reality (VR) viewers, we questioned how the original viewing experience could be re-imagined to take advantage of current technologies. We have designed a new smartphone-based VR device—Spectare—targeted towards experiencing CH content (2D or 360° photos or videos, soundscapes, or other immersive content), while still maintaining a user experience close to the original. In this paper, we describe the design process and operation of the Spectare device. We also report on an usability evaluation with 20 participants and on the field testing where we applied the device to the visualization of CH content resulting from a digital reconstruction of the monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra, Portugal. The evaluations uncovered issues with the smartphone support piece of the device, but generally its usage was classified with a high usability score. Participants also classified the device as innovative, creative, impressive, fun.

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Peres, Marília. "Uses of colour photography (Lumière process) and stereoscopic photography in medicine." International Journal on Stereo & Immersive Media 3, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/ijsim.v3.n1.04.

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Xu, Juan, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Gadi Wollstein, Richard A. Bilonick, Larry Kagemann, Jamie E. Craig, David A. Mackey, Alex W. Hewitt, and Joel S. Schuman. "Automated volumetric evaluation of stereoscopic disc photography." Optics Express 18, no. 11 (May 14, 2010): 11347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.011347.

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14

Frambach, Donald A., Mark P. Dacey, and Alfredo Sadun. "Stereoscopic Photography With a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope." American Journal of Ophthalmology 116, no. 4 (October 1993): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71409-6.

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15

Dueholm, K. S. "Geologic photogrammetry using standard small-frame cameras." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 156 (January 1, 1992): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v156.8187.

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Multi-model photogrammetry enables precise three-dimensional measurements from strips or blocks of overlapping small-frame photographs (colour slides). The method can be used for geo-scientific terrain analysis and mapping. Of special interest is the ability to map otherwise inaccessible terrain features such as geological outcrops on steep mountain faces and canyon walls. Field photography is carried out without special photogrammetric training using ordinary small-frame cameras. Photographs can be taken at any scale and angle from terrestrial stations, helicopters, light planes, or boats. In the laboratory, strips or blocks of small-frame photographs are set up in an analytical stereo-plotter where multiple stereoscopic model pairs are simultaneously orientated. Interpretation and compilation is continuous across model boundaries. Data can be plotted in many different projections. The multi-model photogrammetric technique is explained and procedures are outlined for camera calibration, photography, and acquisition of ground-control information.

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Pujari, Amar, Harathy Selvan, Siddhi Goel, Nikitha Ayyadurai, and Tanuj Dada. "Smartphone Disc Photography Versus Standard Stereoscopic Disc Photography as a Teaching Tool." Journal of Glaucoma 28, no. 7 (July 2019): e109-e111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000001251.

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Martins, Thiago G. d. S. "Smartphone Disc Photography Versus Standard Stereoscopic Disc Photography as a Teaching Tool." Journal of Glaucoma 28, no. 12 (December 2019): e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000001383.

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Balogh, Attila, Mark C. Preul, Mark Schornak, Michael Hickman, and Robert F. Spetzler. "Intraoperative stereoscopic QuickTime Virtual Reality." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 4 (April 2004): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.4.0591.

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Object. The aim of this study was to acquire intraoperative images during neurosurgical procedures for later reconstruction into a stereoscopic image system (QuickTime Virtual Reality [QTVR]) that would improve visualization of complex neurosurgical procedures. Methods. A robotic microscope and digital cameras were used to acquire left and right image pairs during cranial surgery; a grid system facilitated image acquisition with the microscope. The surgeon determined a field of interest and a target or pivot point for image acquisition. Images were processed with commercially available software and hardware. Two-dimensional (2D) or interlaced left and right 2D images were reconstructed into a standard or stereoscopic QTVR format. Standard QTVR images were produced if stereoscopy was not needed. Intraoperative image sequences of regions of interest were captured in six patients. Relatively wide and deep dissections afford an opportunity for excellent QTVR production. Narrow or restricted surgical corridors can be reconstructed into the stereoscopic QTVR mode by using a keyhole mode of image acquisition. The stereoscopic effect is unimpressive with shallow or cortical surface dissections, which can be reconstructed into standard QTVR images. Conclusions. The QTVR system depicts multiple views of the same anatomy from different angles. By tilting, panning, or rotating the reconstructed images, the user can view a virtual three-dimensional tour of a neurosurgical dissection, with images acquired intraoperatively. The stereoscopic QTVR format provides depth to the montage. The system recreates the dissection environment almost completely and provides a superior anatomical frame of reference compared with the images captured by still or video photography in the operating room.

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Moran, Leslie. "Carte de visite of ‘The Lord Chief Justice of England’ (Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, 12th Baronet) by London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company, circa 1873." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 68, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v68i3.38.

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The carte de visite of ‘The Lord Chief Justice of England’ (Sir Alexander James Edmund Cockburn, 12th Baronet) by London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company that dates from the early 1870s is an object that provokes and challenges ways of thinking about the judiciary and visual culture and research on the judiciary more generally. It demands that consideration be given to a history of the relationship between the judiciary, photography and mass media that has been hidden from history by the long shadows of cameras in courts research. It provides an opportunity to consider how the technological innovations that turned photography into a mass media phenomenon impacted upon the making, distribution and use of pictures of judges.

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Thomas, Kylie, and Louise Green. "Stereoscopic visions: reading colonial and contemporary African photography." Social Dynamics 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2014.905246.

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Kousha, Obaid, Martina Maria Delle Fave, Mariano Cozzi, Elisa Carini, and Sergio Pagliarini. "Diabetic maculopathy: multicolour and SD-OCT versus fundus photography." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (February 2021): e000514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000514.

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ObjectiveThe English Diabetic Eye Screening (DES) programme recommends patients with M1 diabetic maculopathy to be referred to hospital eye services. DES uses flash fundus photography as the reference standard for maculopathy grading. We compared multicolour versus non-stereoscopic fundus photography at identifying M1 maculopathy, with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) identifying macular thickening.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study included 345 patients with R1M1 referred from DES and reviewed in secondary care with fundus photographs, multicolour and SD-OCT. Maculopathy was graded based on DES exudate criteria on both multicolour and fundus photography in a blind fashion by two independent graders. Macular thickness was ascertained on SD-OCT.ResultsIntergrader agreement on grading maculopathy using fundus photography (Cohen’s κ=0.91) and multicolour (Cohen’s κ=0.82) was ‘almost perfect’. Agreement between fundus photography and multicolour on grading maculopathy (Cohen’s κ=0.76) was ‘substantial’. Compared with fundus photography, multicolour had sensitivity of 87% (95% CI 81% to 93%) and specificity of 90% (95% CI 87% to 94%) in detecting M1 maculopathy. SD-OCT identified 84 eyes with macular thickening, 47 of which were graded as M0 by fundus photography. 5 eyes with exudates and severe macular oedema requiring urgent intervention were also missed on fundus photography but not on multicolour. Multicolour, when complemented by SD-OCT, did not miss any clinically significant macular oedema.ConclusionMulticolour integrates synergistically in a single platform with SD-OCT providing effective monitoring of M1 diabetic maculopathy. The need for fundus photography is eliminated by multicolour/SD-OCT in dedicated R1M1 virtual clinics not requiring parallel diabetic retinopathy grading.

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Garrett, T. J., C. Fallgatter, K. Shkurko, and D. Howlett. "Fallspeed measurement and high-resolution multi-angle photography of hydrometeors in freefall." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 4 (July 13, 2012): 4827–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4827-2012.

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Abstract. We describe here a new instrument for imaging hydrometeors in freefall. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) captures high resolution photographs of hydrometeors from three angles while simultaneously measuring their fallspeed. Based on the stereoscopic photographs captured over the two months of continuous measurements obtained at a high altitude location within the Wasatch Front in Utah, we derive statistics for fallspeed, hydrometeor size, shape, orientation and aspect ratio. From a selection of the photographed hydrometeors, an illustration is provided for how the instrument might be used for making improved microwave scattering calculations. Complex, aggregated snowflake shapes appear to be more strongly forward scattering, at the expense of reduced back-scatter, than graupel particles of similar size.

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23

Garde, A. A. "Close-range geological photogrammetry studies: field and laboratory procedures with examples from prograde granulite facies orthogneisses, Kerala, South India." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 156 (January 1, 1992): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v156.8192.

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Precambrian orthogneisses exposed in quarries in the Palghat Gap, KeraIa, South India, were photographed for use in geological photogrammetry studies with a 35 mm (small frame) hand-held camera. Local ground control was provided by simple means: hand level, geological compass and 2 m rule. The practical procedure of photography and acquisition of ground control data is described. The stereoscopic photographs, which show complicated field relations in gneisses with prograde, transitional amphibolite to granulite metamorphic facies relations, were studied using multi-model photogrammetry (see Dueholm, 1992) and an analytical plotter. The estimated standard deviations in the stereo models of scale, azimuth and levelling were ± 2%, 2° and 5°, respectively, but the precision was very good (Iess than 1 cm). Outcrop maps were drawn with an on-line plotter at scales varying from 1:25 to 1:200 with contour intervals between 5 and 100 cm. The plot data were transferred, edited on a Macintosh computer and made ready for publication with a vector-based graphics application.

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Bartley, George B., and Brian R. Younge. "Stereoscopic External Photography and the Free-Stereo Viewing Technique." Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 7, no. 1 (March 1991): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002341-199103000-00009.

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Markiewicz-Patkowska, Julita I., Sławomir Pytel, Piotr Oleśniewicz, and Krzysztof Widawski. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY AS A NEW TECHNIQUE TO MAKE DIDACTIC PRESENTATIONS MORE ATTRACTIVE." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 69, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v69i1.2720.

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In the 21st century, the form of presenting information plays an incredibly important role in arousing interest in research problems. Stereoscopy is among the imaging techniques that have evoked much interest in the recent years. Its numerous applications that can be observed in various fields (such as medicine, space science, law, marketing, or entertainment industry) suggest that we should also use this technology for didactic purposes. The aim of the article is to discuss the process of creating three-dimensional photography and the opportunities offered by stereoscopy, which makes it possible to obtain images with depth effect and impression of solidity. The authors describe different ways to obtain three-dimensional images and the devices applied in the process, as well as techniques of presenting three-dimensional material to a wider audience. The methods of free-viewing (the oldest method of viewing stereoscopic images), anaglyph (a simple method applied in printing and displaying static images and movies on screen), lenticular raster (employing a series of narrow vertical cylindrical lenses), and stereoscopy (in which mirrors, lenses, prisms, or filters are used) are discussed. Also, the application of computer technology is reviewed and the ways in which stereoscopy can benefit from this medium owing to the use of LCD shutter glasses. Contemporary technology offers considerable opportunities, at the same time posing ever-increasing demands, which are mentioned in the paper, too. Teaching is most effective when information is received through multiple channels, combining verbal and visual messages. Owing to 3D images, the recipients grasp more information details, remember them longer, and are more interested in the message content. Creating didactic presentations with the use of three-dimensional photographs or films is presented as a way of arousing interest, allowing direct participation in the cognitive process, and facilitating the reception of the transmitted content.

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Garrett, T. J., C. Fallgatter, K. Shkurko, and D. Howlett. "Fall speed measurement and high-resolution multi-angle photography of hydrometeors in free fall." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 11 (November 5, 2012): 2625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2625-2012.

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Abstract. We describe here a new instrument for imaging hydrometeors in free fall. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) captures high-resolution photographs of hydrometeors from three angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed. Based on the stereoscopic photographs captured over the two months of continuous measurements obtained at a high altitude location within the Wasatch Front in Utah, we derive statistics for fall speed, hydrometeor size, shape, orientation and aspect ratio. From a selection of the photographed hydrometeors, an illustration is provided for how the instrument might be used for making improved microwave scattering calculations. Complex, aggregated snowflake shapes appear to be more strongly forward scattering, at the expense of reduced back-scatter, than heavily rimed graupel particles of similar size.

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신예담, KIMHyungGi, and Jung, Changyong. "A Study on Illusion and Illusionism expressed on Stereoscopic Photography." Journal of Korea Design Knowledge ll, no. 30 (June 2014): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17246/jkdk.2014..30.004.

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Li, Helen K., Larry D. Hubbard, Ronald P. Danis, Adol Esquivel, Jose F. Florez-Arango, and Elizabeth A. Krupinski. "Monoscopic versus Stereoscopic Retinal Photography for Grading Diabetic Retinopathy Severity." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 51, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4886.

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Greenfield, David S., Peter Zacharia, and Joel S. Schuman. "Comparison of Nidek 3Dx and Donaldson Simultaneous Stereoscopic Disk Photography." American Journal of Ophthalmology 116, no. 6 (December 1993): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73475-0.

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30

Voronin, E. G. "Singular analysis of stereoscopic serif." Geodesy and Cartography 966, no. 12 (January 20, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-966-12-21-30.

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The article is devoted to the development of a methodological apparatus for evaluating the influence of geometric survey conditions on the ratio of errors in the planned and altitude components of determining the terrain points’ spatial coordinates. For this purpose, an approach based on the singular analyzing the matrix of the system of equations for intersecting lines in the basis plane is used. It is shown that singular numbers characterize the ellipse of coordinate definition errors in plane and height. They are calculated for the most typical cases of stereo surveying. It is noted that the geometric conditions of stereo photography are mainly determined by the serif angle. By interpolating the results of calculating singular numbers, the formulas characterizing the direct and inverse dependence of the ratio of the stereo-cut in plan and height on the serif angle errors’ are obtained. The author considers the practical issues of using the developed methodological apparatus to justify the solutions related to the assessment of the ratio between the errors in determining the plane coordinates and the heights of terrain points from stereo images.

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Welty, Christopher J., Anita Agarwal, Lawrence M. Merin, and Amy Chomsky. "Monoscopic Versus Stereoscopic Photography in Screening for Clinically Significant Macular Edema." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15428877-20061101-17.

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32

Moyano, Juan, Juan Enrique Nieto-Julián, David Bienvenido-Huertas, and David Marín-García. "Validation of Close-Range Photogrammetry for Architectural and Archaeological Heritage: Analysis of Point Density and 3D Mesh Geometry." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 3571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213571.

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The 3D digitization and Building Information Modeling (BIM), which is based on parametric objects, have considerably advanced by developing massive data capture techniques. Thus, reverse engineering currently plays a major role as these technologies capture accurately and efficiently the geometry, color and textures of complex architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage. This paper aims to validate close-range Structure from Motion (SfM) for heritage by analyzing the point density and the 3D mesh geometry in comparison with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The accuracy of the results and the geometry mainly depends on the processing performed on the point set. Therefore, these two variables are significant in the 3D reconstruction of heritage buildings. This paper focuses on a 15th century case study in Seville (Spain): the main façade of Casa de Pilatos. Ten SfM surveys were carried out varying the capture method (simple and stereoscopic) and the number of shots, distances, orientation and procedure. A mathematical analysis is proposed to verify the point spatial resolution and the accuracy of the 3D model geometry by section profiles in SfM data. SfM achieved acceptable accuracy levels to generate 3D meshes despite disordered shots and the number of images. Hence, stereoscopic photography using new instruments improved the results of close-range photogrammetry while reducing the required number of photographs.

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Pomaska, G. "STEREO VISION APPLYING OPENCV AND RASPBERRY PI." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-265-2019.

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Abstract. This article points out the single board computer Raspberry Pi and the related camera modules for image acquisition. Particular attention is directed to stereoscopic image recording and post processing software applying OpenCV. A design of a camera network is created and applied to a field application. The OpenCV computer vision library and its Python binding provides some script samples to encourage users developing their own custom tailored scripts. Stereoscopic recording is intended for extended base lines without a mechanical bar. Image series will be taken in order to wipe out moving objects from the frames. And finally the NoIR camera made infrared photography possible with low effort. Computer, accupack and lens board are assembled in a 3D printed housing operated by a mobile device.

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Zaytseva, E. G., A. A. Kisliuk, T. O. Laryonova, and N. N. Dubina. "Lens Raster as a Source of Distortions in Integral Photography." Devices and Methods of Measurements 9, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2018-9-4-337-346.

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Analysis of methods for recording and reproducing a three-dimensional image allows to distinguish two different approaches. The fi approach consists in formation of stereoscopic images, the second one provides the formation of an optical object model and includes particularly a group of integral photography methods .The use of integral photography methods for recording and reproducing volumetric images is relevant due to the lack of fl inherent for stereoscopic methods and relative simplicity of technical implementation. Lens raster used in this method is a possible source of image distortion. This paper aim is to determine the range of parameters of the lens system, namely, the allowable values of the pitch of the lens raster, providing distortions absence caused this raster.Types of possible distortions and sources of their occurrence are indicated. The requirements for the pitch of the lenticular raster are formulated, based on conditions of false information absence, absence of discontinuity of the image in depth and in the transverse direction, and invisibility of lens elements of the reproduction matrix.Studies shoed that the lenticular pitch is limited by the four inequalities, three of which limit the pitch value from below, and the fourth one from above. A set of conditions limiting the step of the lens matrix was analyzed. The boundaries of allowable step values depend on four groups of parameters: raster dimensions, location of the subjects, reproduction and observation parameters. Result of the method usage as a dependence of the allowable range of the pitch of the lenticular raster on transverse coordinate of the recorded point with fi values of other parameters is presented.

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Synnergren, Per, and Mikael Sjödahl. "A stereoscopic digital speckle photography system for 3-D displacement field measurements." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 31, no. 6 (June 1999): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(99)00040-8.

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Rea, Roy V., Dexter P. Hodder, Jullanne Trelenberg, and Tracy M. O'Brien. "The Use of Stereoscopic Photography to Estimate Browse Use by Large Ungulates." Northwest Science 84, no. 1 (January 2010): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.084.0111.

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Suárez, Fernando, José Conchillo, Jaime Gálvez, and María Casati. "Macro Photography as an Alternative to the Stereoscopic Microscope in the Standard Test Method for Microscopical Characterisation of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete: Equipment and Methodology." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091515.

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The determination of the parameters that characterize the air-void system in hardened concrete elements becomes crucial for structures under freezing and thawing cycles. The ASTM C457 standard describes some procedures to accomplish this task, but they are not easy to apply, require specialised equipment, such as a stereoscopic microscope, and result in highly tedious tasks to be performed. This paper describes an alternative procedure to the modified point-count method that is described in the Standard that makes use of macro photography. This alternative procedure uses macro-photographic images that can be obtained with a quite standard photo camera and it is successfully applied to a large set of samples and presents some advantages over the traditional method, since the required equipment is less expensive and provides a more comfortable and less tedious procedure for the operator.

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Rudnisky, Christopher J., Matthew T. S. Tennant, Ezekiel Weis, Andrew Ting, Bradley J. Hinz, and Mark D. J. Greve. "Web-Based Grading of Compressed Stereoscopic Digital Photography versus Standard Slide Film Photography for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy." Ophthalmology 114, no. 9 (September 2007): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.12.010.

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Solyman, Omar, Meleha Ahmad, Karun Arora, AmandaD Henderson, and Andrew Carey. "Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) slit-lamp photography using a compact 3D digital camera." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 69, no. 5 (2021): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2037_20.

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Shcherbinin, Dmitrii. "Methods and Means of Stereoscopic Photography On-Board Manned Spacecrafts: A Historical Overviewe." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 41, no. 2 (2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060009450-7.

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KANDA, Tetsushi, Yuichi MURAI, Yuji TASAKA, Yasushi TAKEDA, Hideaki TEZUKA, and Michitsugu MORI. "D203 Development of 3-D Trajectory Measurement System for Birds using Stereoscopic Photography." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2008.13 (2008): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2008.13.405.

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Aschero, M., C. Lonati, F. Bottoni, G. Staurenghi, A. Micheli, and N. Orzalesi. "Comparison of stereoscopic photography and fluorescein angiography to assess the number of drusen." Experimental Eye Research 55 (September 1992): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(92)91117-g.

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Ye, Dongmei, Ming Liao, Ao Nan, Enquan Wang, and Gaowei Zhou. "RESEARCH ON REEF BATHYMETRIC SURVEY OF UAV STEREOPAIR BASED ON TWO-MEDIUM PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-407-2016.

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This paper is based on the principles of two-medium photogrammetry, with the purpose to perform a bathymetric survey of a reef in the South China Sea, using aerial imagery acquired by UAV. The first objectives are to introduce the basic principles of two-medium photogrammetry, discuss the technical requirements of this methodology to determine an accurate refractive index of sea water, and propose a new method to calculate seawater refraction and calculate corrected reef elevations. The second objective is to analyse and integrate the elevation and depth datum for both the land mass and the undersea reef. The final objective of this paper is performing stereoscopic mensuration on the UAV photography in order to transform reef elevation and depth datum. Our test shows that aerial two-medium photogrammetry is feasible in practical application, but requires relatively high aerial photography conditions.

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Ye, Dongmei, Ming Liao, Ao Nan, Enquan Wang, and Gaowei Zhou. "RESEARCH ON REEF BATHYMETRIC SURVEY OF UAV STEREOPAIR BASED ON TWO-MEDIUM PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-407-2016.

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This paper is based on the principles of two-medium photogrammetry, with the purpose to perform a bathymetric survey of a reef in the South China Sea, using aerial imagery acquired by UAV. The first objectives are to introduce the basic principles of two-medium photogrammetry, discuss the technical requirements of this methodology to determine an accurate refractive index of sea water, and propose a new method to calculate seawater refraction and calculate corrected reef elevations. The second objective is to analyse and integrate the elevation and depth datum for both the land mass and the undersea reef. The final objective of this paper is performing stereoscopic mensuration on the UAV photography in order to transform reef elevation and depth datum. Our test shows that aerial two-medium photogrammetry is feasible in practical application, but requires relatively high aerial photography conditions.

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Benckert, Lars, Mikael Jonsson, and Nils-Erik Molin. "Measuring True In-Plane Displacements Of A Surface By Stereoscopic White-Light Speckle Photography." Optical Engineering 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 262167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.7974043.

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Patil, Prerana, and Niharika Krishna Shetty. "Comparison between Retinal Ophthalmoscopy Vs Fundus Photography with ETDRS Field for Clinical Screening of Diabetic Retinopahty." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/27.

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BACKGROUND Screening of Diabetic retinopathy is essential for detection of diabetic retinopathy and its management. Diabetic retinopathy is a common and preventable cause of blindness in adults. Laser pan-retinal photocoagulation has been proven to have established efficacy in treating diabetic visual loss. Since India has a wide geographical area and there is a lack of trained ophthalmologists in peripheral India, there is an immense need for telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy screening. This study was done to evaluate the comparability of non-stereoscopic fundus photography with conventional fundoscopy for detection of diabetic maculopathy. METHODS All patients with diabetic retinopathy and mixed retinopathy presenting to Ophthalmology OPD at Sri Siddhartha Medical College between June 2020 and June 2021, were included in the study. The patients were evaluated for visual acuity on Snellen Visual Acuity Chart, Anterior Segment evaluation on a slit-lamp examination. Fundus was evaluated with 90 Diopter Volk lens with Slit Lamp biomicroscopy, Direct Ophthalmoscopy with Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope with medium size aperture, and the peripheral fundus was seen by an Indirect Ophthalmoscope with 20 Diopter lens Volk lens. ETDRS 7 Field Picture on Carl Zeiss Meditec AG VISUCAM SN model AA107 was taken. The observations were subjected to the statistical analysis of Cohen’s Kappa and the percentile description. RESULTS The commonest retinopathy was moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), seen in 41.667 %. The commonest maculopathy found was the absence of maculopathy seen in 78.3 % of cases. There was perfect agreement (Kappa k-1.00) in the evaluation of background retinopathy on Conventional Fundoscopy and Fundus imaging, P-value < 0.001. There was moderate agreement (Kappa k-0.5) in the evaluation of maculopathy on Conventional Fundoscopy and Fundus imaging, Pvalue < 0.001, only for CSME and No maculopathy. However diffuse macular oedema and Ischemic Maculopathy were missed on Fundus Photography. CONCLUSIONS Non-Stereoscopic Fundus Photography is a good telemedicine tool for diabetic retinopathy screening, but there is under-diagnosis of it, though it can detect diabetic maculopathy. As a diagnosis”Absence of maculopathy” is inconclusive until and unless screened by Conventional Ophthalmoscopy. KEY WORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Maculopathy, Clinically Significant Macular Oedema, NonStereoscopic Fundus Imaging, Ophthalmoscopy.

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Somani, Riz, Matt Tennant, Chris Rudnisky, Ezekiel Weis, Andrew Ting, Jayson Eppler, Mark Greve, Brad Hinz, and Alex de Leon. "Comparison of stereoscopic digital imaging and slide film photography in the identification of macular degeneration." Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-4182(05)80072-9.

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Hattori, Azusa N., M. Fujikado, T. Uchida, S. Okamoto, K. Fukumoto, F. Z. Guo, F. Matsui, et al. "Atomic structure of Fe thin-films on Cu(0 0 1) studied with stereoscopic photography." Applied Surface Science 237, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.06.032.

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Sandmann, Holger, and Ken P. Lertzman. "Combining High-Resolution Aerial Photography with Gradient-Directed Transects to Guide Field Sampling and Forest Mapping in Mountainous Terrain." Forest Science 49, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.3.429.

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Abstract Forest inventory and management relies on accurate maps of vegetation structure and composition. Creating such maps typically proceeds in two main stages: delineating stand boundaries on midscale aerial photography (≈1:15,000) followed by collection of reference data in field plots. Technical and logistical limitations arise with respect to the resolution of photography, the allocation of field plots, and the sequence of the stages. Here we present a novel approach for forest mapping that (1) places the mapping process as the last rather than the first stage; (2) concentrates sampling in areas with strong environmental gradients; and (3) uses large-scale, high-resolution aerial photography (≈1:2,000) to supplement field data and midscale airphotos. Our design builds on observations that plant communities in mountainous areas often exhibit strong correlations with environmental variables and that digital or hardcopy maps of these variables are becoming more widely available. In the first stage, 1:2,000 aerial photography is obtained via helicopter-mounted small-format cameras along flight lines that are located subjectively to follow significant environmental gradients. In the second stage, field plots are placed within airphoto transects to provide reference data of forest conditions. An integrated analysis of plot data and high-resolution photography provides the empirical basis for the development and calibration of an interpretation key. In the third stage, this key is applied to the delineation and classification of forested area on stereoscopic 1:15,000 aerial photography across the landscape of interest. We demonstrate this approach using a watershed in southwestern British Columbia and compare four probability-sampling designs with the gradient-directed approach proposed here using computer simulations. The results indicate that sampling along topographic gradients leads to a loss of accuracy with respect to estimation of distributional parameters. However, gradient-directed sampling is as likely as probability sampling to capture the full range of variability in forest conditions, with greatly improved logistics and cost-effectiveness. We conclude that our sampling design is a practical alternative for mapping projects in topographically complex landscapes. FOR. SCI. 49(3):429–443.

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Zhang, Wenli, Xinyu Peng, Tingting Bai, Haozhou Wang, Daisuke Takata, and Wei Guo. "A UAV-Based Single-Lens Stereoscopic Photography Method for Phenotyping the Architecture Traits of Orchard Trees." Remote Sensing 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2024): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16091570.

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This article addresses the challenges of measuring the 3D architecture traits, such as height and volume, of fruit tree canopies, constituting information that is essential for assessing tree growth and informing orchard management. The traditional methods are time-consuming, prompting the need for efficient alternatives. Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, particularly using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and RGB cameras, have emerged as promising solutions. LiDAR offers precise 3D data but is costly and computationally intensive. RGB and photogrammetry techniques like Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo (SfM-MVS) can be a cost-effective alternative to LiDAR, but the computational demands still exist. This paper introduces an innovative approach using UAV-based single-lens stereoscopic photography to overcome these limitations. This method utilizes color variations in canopies and a dual-image-input network to generate a detailed canopy height map (CHM). Additionally, a block structure similarity method is presented to enhance height estimation accuracy in single-lens UAV photography. As a result, the average rates of growth in canopy height (CH), canopy volume (CV), canopy width (CW), and canopy project area (CPA) were 3.296%, 9.067%, 2.772%, and 5.541%, respectively. The r2 values of CH, CV, CW, and CPA were 0.9039, 0.9081, 0.9228, and 0.9303, respectively. In addition, compared to the commonly used SFM-MVS approach, the proposed method reduces the time cost of canopy reconstruction by 95.2% and of the cost of images needed for canopy reconstruction by 88.2%. This approach allows growers and researchers to utilize UAV-based approaches in actual orchard environments without incurring high computation costs.

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